TW202236703A - Power generation element, control system, power generation device, electronic apparatus, and power generation method - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a power generation element, a control system, a power generation device, an electronic apparatus and a power generation method which are capable of improving power generation efficiency. The present invention comprises at least one element 10, and a thermally conductive portion 20 provided in contact with a heat source 60 and the element 10 and electrically separated from the element 10. The element 10 includes a pair of electrodes 12a, 12b having different work functions, and an intermediate portion 14 provided between the pair of electrodes 12a, 12b and separated from the thermal conductive portion 20.

Description

發電元件，控制系統，發電裝置，電子機器及發電方法Power generation element, control system, power generation device, electronic device, and power generation method

本發明有關利用從熱源產生的熱而發電之發電元件，控制系統，發電裝置，電子機器及發電方法。The present invention relates to a power generation element, a control system, a power generation device, an electronic device and a power generation method for generating power by using heat generated from a heat source.

近年來盛行開發利用熱能而生成電能之發電元件。特別是，有關利用電極具有的功函數的差距而生成電能，例如有人提出專利文獻1、2揭示之熱電元件等。這樣的熱電元件，比起利用對電極賦予的溫度差而生成電能之構成，被期待利用於各式各樣的用途。In recent years, the development of power generation elements that utilize heat energy to generate electrical energy has become popular. In particular, regarding the generation of electrical energy by utilizing the difference in the work function of electrodes, for example, pyroelectric elements disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 have been proposed. Such a thermoelectric element is expected to be used in various applications other than a configuration in which electric energy is generated by utilizing a temperature difference applied to electrodes.

專利文獻1中揭示一種發電元件，係將熱能變換成電能之發電元件，具備：第1框體部，具有具第1主面之第1基板、及設於第1主面上之第1電極部；與第2框體部，具有具和第1主面於第1方向相向的第2主面之第2基板、及設於第2主面上，和第1電極部相隔距離，具有和第1電極部相異的功函數之第2電極部；與中間部，設於第1電極部與第2電極部之間，具有奈米粒子，其具有第1電極部的功函數與第2電極部的功函數之間的功函數；第1主面，具有和第1電極部相接而和第2框體部相隔距離之第1相隔距離面、與和第1相隔距離面接續設置而和第1電極部相隔距離而和第2框體部相接之第1接合面，第2主面，具有和第2電極部相接而和第1框體部相隔距離之第2相隔距離面、與和第2相隔距離面接續設置而和第2電極部相隔距離而和第1框體部相接之第2接合面，中間部從第1方向觀看被第1接合面及第2接合面包圍，第1接合面，具有和第2接合面相接之第1基板接合面、與和第2電極部相接之第1電極接合面，第2接合面，具有和第1基板接合面相接之第2基板接合面、與和第1電極部相接之第2電極接合面。Patent Document 1 discloses a power generating element, which is a power generating element that converts thermal energy into electrical energy, and includes: a first frame body, a first substrate with a first main surface, and a first electrode provided on the first main surface Part; with the second frame body part, there is a second substrate with a second main surface facing the first main surface in the first direction, and it is arranged on the second main surface, separated from the first electrode part, and has and The second electrode part of the different work function of the first electrode part; and the middle part, arranged between the first electrode part and the second electrode part, has nanoparticles, which has the work function of the first electrode part and the second electrode part The work function between the work functions of the electrode parts; the first main surface has the first distance surface connected to the first electrode part and separated from the second frame part, and is set continuously with the first distance surface The first bonding surface connected to the second frame body part at a distance from the first electrode part, and the second main surface has a second distance surface connected to the second electrode part and separated from the first frame body part , and the second bonding surface that is provided next to the second spaced surface and is separated from the second electrode portion and connected to the first frame body portion, and the middle portion is viewed from the first direction by the first bonding surface and the second bonding surface Enclosed, the first joint surface has a first substrate joint surface in contact with the second joint surface, a first electrode joint surface in contact with the second electrode part, and a second joint surface has a first substrate joint surface in contact with the first substrate joint surface. It is connected to the second substrate bonding surface and the second electrode bonding surface connected to the first electrode portion.

此外，專利文獻2中，揭示一種席貝克(Seebeck)發電元件，其第一特徵在於，為了抑制席貝克發電元件的熱傳導，係將元件的電及熱的傳導路徑做成線狀，或在元件的電及熱的傳導路徑設置縮窄部，藉此將熱傳導路徑窄化，及將元件的周圍以斷熱材覆蓋，而為了增加發電總量，係將席貝克發電元件層積複數個，藉由多層化做串聯配置。 先前技術文獻 專利文獻 In addition, in Patent Document 2, a Seebeck (Seebeck) power generation element is disclosed. Its first feature is that in order to suppress the heat conduction of the Seebeck power generation element, the conduction path of electricity and heat of the element is made into a line, or in the element The electrical and heat conduction path is provided with a narrowing part, thereby narrowing the heat conduction path, and covering the surrounding of the element with a heat-insulating material, and in order to increase the total amount of power generation, a plurality of Seebeck power generation elements are laminated, borrowed It is arranged in series by multilayering. prior art literature patent documents

專利文獻1：日本特許第6598339號公報 專利文獻2：日本特開2018-182272號公報 Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent No. 6598339 Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2018-182272

發明所欲解決之問題The problem to be solved by the invention

不過，電極的溫度是決定熱電子的放出量之因素。欲將此溫度維持得更高，需要將設有電極的發電元件全體的溫度升高。然而，發電元件是藉由包含電極的複數個構件所構成，當來自熱源的熱依序傳遞至各構件時，在靠近與遠離熱源的構件，成為相同溫度為止會肇生時間差。亦即，發電元件全體成為均一的溫度為止需要長時間。因此，在發電元件全體的溫度成為均一為止的期間，發電效率會降低這點被提出疑慮。就這一點，專利文獻1、2揭示技術中亦被提出上述的懸念。因此，需要發電效率的提升。However, the temperature of the electrodes is a factor that determines the amount of thermal electrons emitted. In order to maintain this temperature even higher, it is necessary to increase the temperature of the entire power generating element provided with electrodes. However, the power generating element is composed of a plurality of components including electrodes. When the heat from the heat source is sequentially transferred to each component, there will be a time difference between the components close to and far from the heat source reaching the same temperature. That is, it takes a long time until the entire power generating element reaches a uniform temperature. Therefore, there is a concern that the power generation efficiency will decrease until the temperature of the entire power generation element becomes uniform. On this point, the above-mentioned suspense has also been raised in the technologies disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2. Therefore, an improvement in power generation efficiency is required.

鑑此，本發明有鑑於上述的問題點而創作，其目的在於提供一種能夠使發電效率提升之發電元件，控制系統，發電裝置，電子機器及發電方法。 解決問題之技術手段 In view of this, the present invention is created in view of the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to provide a power generation element, a control system, a power generation device, an electronic device, and a power generation method that can improve power generation efficiency. technical means to solve problems

第1發明之發電元件，係利用從熱源產生的熱而發電之發電元件，其特徵為，具備：至少1個的元件；及熱傳導部，和前述熱源及前述元件相接設置，而和前述元件電性地相離；前述元件，包含：一對的電極，各自功函數相異；及中間部，設於前述一對的電極之間，和前述熱傳導部相隔距離。The power generating element of the first invention is a power generating element that utilizes heat generated from a heat source to generate electricity, and is characterized in that it includes: at least one element; Electrically separated; the aforementioned elements include: a pair of electrodes with different work functions; and an intermediate portion, arranged between the aforementioned pair of electrodes, and separated from the aforementioned heat conducting portion.

第2發明之發電元件，係如第1發明，其中，具備層積複數個前述元件而成之層積體，前述熱傳導部和前述層積體的側面相接設置，前述熱傳導部包含被夾在層積的一對的前述元件之間之熱傳導層。The power generating element of the second invention is as in the first invention, wherein it includes a laminated body formed by laminating a plurality of the aforementioned elements, the aforementioned heat conduction part is arranged in contact with the side surface of the aforementioned laminated body, and the aforementioned heat transfer part includes a layer sandwiched between A heat conduction layer between a stacked pair of the aforementioned elements.

第3發明之發電元件，係如第1發明，其中，前述元件包含夾著前述一對的電極而設置之一對的基板，前述熱傳導部的熱傳導率比前述一對的基板的熱傳導率還高。The power generating element of the third invention is the same as the first invention, wherein the element includes a pair of substrates provided with the pair of electrodes sandwiched therebetween, and the thermal conductivity of the heat conduction part is higher than the thermal conductivity of the pair of substrates. .

第4發明之發電元件，係如第1發明，其中，前述元件包含夾著前述一對的電極而設置之一對的基板、與和前述一對的基板或前述一對的電極之間相接設置之支撐部，前述熱傳導部和前述支撐部相接設置，前述熱傳導部的熱傳導率比前述支撐部的熱傳導率還高。The power generating element of the fourth invention is as in the first invention, wherein the element includes a pair of substrates provided with the pair of electrodes interposed therebetween, and is in contact with the pair of substrates or the pair of electrodes. For the support part, the heat conduction part is arranged in contact with the support part, and the thermal conductivity of the heat conduction part is higher than that of the support part.

第5發明之發電元件，係如第1發明，其中，前述元件和前述熱源相接設置。The power generating element of the fifth invention is as in the first invention, wherein the aforementioned element and the aforementioned heat source are arranged in contact with each other.

第6發明之發電元件，係如第1發明，其中，前述熱傳導部的熱傳導率比前述一對的電極的至少其中一者的熱傳導率還高。A power generating element according to a sixth invention is as in the first invention, wherein the thermal conductivity of the heat conduction portion is higher than the thermal conductivity of at least one of the pair of electrodes.

第7發明之發電元件，係如第1發明，其中，具備：層積體，包含和前述熱源相接之第1元件、與層積於前述第1元件而和前述熱源相隔距離之第2元件，前述熱傳導部和前述第1元件及前述第2元件的側面相接設置。The power generating element of the seventh invention is the same as the first invention, wherein it includes: a laminate including a first element in contact with the heat source, and a second element laminated on the first element and separated from the heat source , the heat conduction portion is disposed in contact with side surfaces of the first element and the second element.

第8發明之發電元件，係如第1發明，其中，具備和前述熱源相接而覆蓋前述熱傳導部及前述元件之斷熱部。The power generating element of the eighth invention is as in the first invention, further comprising a heat insulating portion that is in contact with the heat source and covers the heat conduction portion and the element.

第9發明之控制系統，其特徵為，具備：第1發明之發電元件；及計測部，計測前述發電元件的發電量；及控制部，基於前述計測部的計測結果而控制從前述熱源放出的熱量。A control system according to a ninth invention is characterized by comprising: the power generating element according to the first invention; and a measurement unit that measures the amount of power generated by the power generation element; and a control unit that controls the heat emitted from the heat source based on the measurement result of the measurement unit. heat.

第10發明之發電裝置，其特徵為，具備：第1發明之發電元件；及一對的配線，和前述一對的電極電性連接。A power generating device according to a tenth invention is characterized by comprising: the power generating element according to the first invention; and a pair of wirings electrically connected to the pair of electrodes.

第11發明之電子機器，其特徵為，具備：第1發明之發電元件；及電子零件，可運用前述發電元件作為電源而令其驅動。An electronic device according to an eleventh invention is characterized by comprising: the power generating element of the first invention; and electronic parts which can be driven by using the power generating element as a power source.

第12發明之發電方法，其特徵為，如第1發明之發電元件利用從前述熱源產生的熱而發電。 發明之功效 A power generation method according to a twelfth invention is characterized in that the power generation element according to the first invention utilizes heat generated from the heat source to generate power. The efficacy of the invention

按照第1發明～第8發明，熱傳導部和熱源及元件相接設置。因此，來自熱源的熱變得容易透過熱傳導部依序傳遞至發電元件的各構件，能夠縮短靠近與遠離熱源的構件成為相同溫度為止的時間。藉此，能夠使發電效率提升。According to the first invention to the eighth invention, the heat conduction part is provided in contact with the heat source and the element. Therefore, the heat from the heat source is easily transferred to the components of the power generating element sequentially through the heat conduction portion, and the time until the temperature of the components close to and far from the heat source reaches the same temperature can be shortened. Thereby, power generation efficiency can be improved.

特別是按照第2發明，熱傳導部和層積體的側面相接設置。因此，能夠使得來自熱源的熱容易透過熱傳導部傳遞至層積體全體。藉此，即使運用了距熱源的距離相異的複數個元件的情形下，仍能抑制各元件的溫度差，而可謀求發電效率的進一步提升。此外，熱傳導部，包含被夾在層積的一對的元件之間之熱傳導層。因此，來自熱源的熱變得容易透過熱傳導部及熱傳導層傳遞至一對的元件之間。藉此，能夠使發電元件的發電效率更加提升。In particular, according to the second invention, the heat conduction portion is provided in contact with the side surface of the laminate. Therefore, heat from the heat source can be easily transferred to the entire laminate through the heat conduction portion. Accordingly, even when a plurality of elements having different distances from the heat source are used, the temperature difference among the elements can be suppressed, and the power generation efficiency can be further improved. In addition, the heat conduction part includes a heat conduction layer sandwiched between a pair of laminated elements. Therefore, the heat from the heat source is easily transferred between the pair of elements through the heat conduction portion and the heat conduction layer. Thereby, the power generation efficiency of the power generation element can be further improved.

特別是按照第3發明，熱傳導部的熱傳導率比一對的基板的熱傳導率還高。因此，熱變得難以從一對的基板放出至熱傳導部側。藉此，能夠使發電效率更加提升。In particular, according to the third invention, the thermal conductivity of the heat conduction portion is higher than the thermal conductivity of the pair of substrates. Therefore, it becomes difficult to release heat from the pair of substrates to the side of the heat conduction portion. Thereby, power generation efficiency can be further improved.

特別是按照第4發明，熱傳導部的熱傳導率比支撐部的熱傳導率還高。因此，熱變得難以從支撐部放出至熱傳導部側。藉此，能夠使發電效率更加提升。此外，熱傳導部和支撐部相接設置。因此，來自熱源的熱變得容易透過支撐部傳遞至電極。藉此，能夠使發電效率更加提升。In particular, according to the fourth invention, the thermal conductivity of the heat conduction portion is higher than the thermal conductivity of the support portion. Therefore, it becomes difficult for heat to be released from the support portion to the side of the heat conduction portion. Thereby, power generation efficiency can be further improved. In addition, the heat conduction part and the support part are arranged in contact with each other. Therefore, the heat from the heat source becomes easy to transfer to the electrodes through the support portion. Thereby, power generation efficiency can be further improved.

特別是按照第5發明，元件和熱源相接設置。因此，熱會從和熱傳導部相接的面、及和熱源相接的面傳遞至元件。藉此，可使得傳遞至元件的熱量增加。In particular, according to the fifth invention, the element and the heat source are arranged in contact with each other. Therefore, heat is transferred to the element from the surface in contact with the heat conduction portion and the surface in contact with the heat source. Thereby, the amount of heat transferred to the element can be increased.

特別是按照第6發明，熱傳導部的熱傳導率比一對的電極的至少其中一者的熱傳導率還高。因此，熱變得難以從電極放出至熱傳導部側。藉此，能夠使發電效率更加提升。In particular, according to the sixth invention, the thermal conductivity of the heat conduction portion is higher than the thermal conductivity of at least one of the pair of electrodes. Therefore, it becomes difficult to discharge heat from the electrodes to the heat conduction portion side. Thereby, power generation efficiency can be further improved.

特別是按照第7發明，熱傳導部和第1元件及第2元件的側面相接設置。因此，對於和熱源相隔距離的第2元件，能夠使來自熱源的熱容易傳遞。藉此，能夠使發電元件的發電效率更加提升。In particular, according to the seventh invention, the heat conduction portion is provided in contact with the side surfaces of the first element and the second element. Therefore, heat from the heat source can be easily transferred to the second element at a distance from the heat source. Thereby, the power generation efficiency of the power generation element can be further improved.

特別是按照第8發明，斷熱部和熱源相接而覆蓋熱傳導部及元件。因此，來自熱源的熱傳遞至元件內後，變得難以從元件內放出至外部。藉此，能夠使發電效率更加提升。In particular, according to the eighth invention, the heat insulating portion is in contact with the heat source to cover the heat conduction portion and the element. Therefore, after the heat from the heat source is transferred into the element, it becomes difficult to dissipate the heat from the inside of the element to the outside. Thereby, power generation efficiency can be further improved.

按照第9發明，控制系統，具備：第1發明至第8發明之發電元件；及計測部，計測發電元件的發電量；及控制部，基於計測部的計測結果，控制從熱源放出的熱量。因此，能夠根據發電元件的發電量而控制從熱源放出的熱量。藉此，可容易地實現適合熱源的狀態之控制。According to the ninth invention, the control system includes: the power generating element according to the first invention to the eighth invention; and a measurement unit that measures the amount of power generated by the power generation element; and a control unit that controls the amount of heat released from the heat source based on the measurement result of the measurement unit. Therefore, the amount of heat released from the heat source can be controlled according to the amount of power generated by the power generating element. Thereby, control suitable for the state of the heat source can be easily realized.

按照第10發明，可實現改善發電效率之發電裝置。According to the tenth invention, a power generation device with improved power generation efficiency can be realized.

按照第11發明，可實現改善發電效率之電子機器。According to the eleventh invention, an electronic device with improved power generation efficiency can be realized.

按照第12發明，可實現運用了改善發電效率之發電元件的發電方法。According to the twelfth invention, a power generation method using a power generating element for improving power generation efficiency can be realized.

以下一面參照圖面，一面說明作為本發明的實施形態之發電元件、控制系統、發電裝置、電子機器及發電方法各者的一例。另，各圖中，將發電元件的高度方向訂為第1方向Z，將和第1方向Z交叉例如正交1個的平面方向訂為第2方向X，將和第1方向Z及第2方向X的各者交叉例如正交的另一平面方向訂為第3方向Y。此外，各圖中的構成係為了說明而模型化地記載，例如有關各構成的大小、或每一構成中的大小的對比等亦可和圖相異。Hereinafter, an example of each of a power generating element, a control system, a power generating device, an electronic device, and a power generating method as an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In addition, in each figure, the height direction of the power generating element is set as the first direction Z, and the plane direction intersecting with the first direction Z, for example, is set as the second direction X, and the first direction Z and the second direction The direction X intersects, eg, is perpendicular to, another plane direction which is defined as a third direction Y. In addition, the configurations in the drawings are modeled for description, and for example, the size of each configuration or the comparison of the sizes in each configuration may be different from the drawings.

(第1實施形態) 圖1(a)為示意第1實施形態中的發電元件1、發電裝置100的一例的模型圖，圖1(b)為圖1(a)的模型平面圖。如圖1(a)所示，發電裝置100，具備發電元件1、第1配線101、第2配線102。發電元件1，將熱能變換成電能。具備這樣的發電元件1之發電裝置100，例如被搭載或設置於熱源60，以熱源60的熱能為來源，將令發電元件1產生的電能透過第1配線101及第2配線102輸出給負載R。負載R，例如示意包含可充電的電池之電性機器。負載R的一端和第1配線101電性連接，另一端和第2配線102電性連接。負載R，運用發電裝置100作為主電源或輔助電源而被驅動。 (first embodiment) FIG. 1( a ) is a model diagram showing an example of the power generating element 1 and the power generating device 100 in the first embodiment, and FIG. 1( b ) is a model plan view of FIG. 1( a ). As shown in FIG. 1( a ), a power generating device 100 includes a power generating element 1 , a first wiring 101 , and a second wiring 102 . The power generating element 1 converts thermal energy into electrical energy. The power generating device 100 including such a power generating element 1 is mounted or installed on the heat source 60, for example, and outputs the electric energy generated by the power generating element 1 to the load R through the first wiring 101 and the second wiring 102 using the thermal energy of the heat source 60 as a source. The load R, for example, represents an electrical device including a rechargeable battery. One end of the load R is electrically connected to the first wiring 101 , and the other end is electrically connected to the second wiring 102 . The load R is driven using the power generator 100 as a main power source or an auxiliary power source.

作為熱源60，例如能夠利用CPU(Central Processing Unit；中央處理單元)等的電子元件或電子零件、LED(Light Emitting Diode；發光二極體)等的發光元件、汽車等的引擎、工廠的生產設備、人體、太陽光、及環境溫度等。例如，電子元件、電子零件、發光元件、引擎、及生產設備等為人工熱源。人體、太陽光、及環境溫度等為自然熱源。具備發電元件1的發電裝置100，例如能夠設於IoT(Internet of Things；物聯網)元件及可穿戴(wearable)機器等的行動機器或獨立型(stand-alone)感測器終端的內部，而運用作為電池的代替或輔助。又，發電裝置100，亦可應用至太陽光發電等這樣的更大型的發電裝置。As the heat source 60, for example, electronic elements or electronic components such as CPU (Central Processing Unit; central processing unit), light emitting elements such as LED (Light Emitting Diode; light emitting diode), engines such as automobiles, and production equipment in factories can be used. , human body, sunlight, and ambient temperature. For example, electronic components, electronic parts, light-emitting components, engines, and production equipment are artificial heat sources. The human body, sunlight, and ambient temperature are natural heat sources. The power generating device 100 including the power generating element 1 can be installed inside mobile devices such as IoT (Internet of Things) devices and wearable devices or stand-alone sensor terminals, for example. Use as a battery replacement or auxiliary. In addition, the power generation device 100 can also be applied to a larger power generation device such as photovoltaic power generation.

＜發電元件1＞ 發電元件1，利用從熱源60產生的熱而發電。發電元件1，不僅能夠設於發電裝置100內，亦能夠將發電元件1本體設於上述工廠中的排熱管的側面、或行動機器的內部等。在此情形下，發電元件1本體成為上述行動機器或上述獨立型感測器終端等的電池的代替零件或輔助零件。發電元件1，亦可運用於電動車的電池或電裝系裝置。 <Power generation element 1> The power generating element 1 generates power using heat generated from a heat source 60 . The power generating element 1 can be installed not only in the power generating device 100, but also the main body of the power generating element 1 can be installed on the side of the heat exhaust pipe in the above-mentioned factory, or inside a mobile device, etc. In this case, the main body of the power generating element 1 becomes a replacement part or an auxiliary part of a battery of the above-mentioned mobile device or the above-mentioned stand-alone sensor terminal. The power generating element 1 can also be applied to a battery or an electrical device of an electric vehicle.

發電元件1，具備至少1個的元件10、及熱傳導部20。元件10，包含一對的電極部12、及中間部14。另，元件10亦可包含一對的基板11及支撐部13。The power generating element 1 includes at least one element 10 and a heat conduction part 20 . The element 10 includes a pair of electrode parts 12 and an intermediate part 14 . In addition, the device 10 may also include a pair of substrate 11 and support portion 13 .

＜基板11＞ 基板11，具有第1基板11a、第2基板11b。一對的第1基板11a及第2基板11b，夾著一對的電極部12而設置。第1基板11a，具有和第1方向Z相交的第1主面11af及第1層積面11as。第1主面11af，於第1基板11a中，位於第2基板11b側。第2基板11b，具有和第1方向Z相交的第2主面11bf及第2層積面11bs。第2主面11bf，於第2基板11b中，位於第1基板11a側。另，以下說明中，訂定第2基板11b於第1方向Z位於比第1基板11a還下方側，亦即第1基板11a比第2基板11b還遠離熱源60而配置。 <Substrate 11> The substrate 11 has a first substrate 11a and a second substrate 11b. A pair of first substrate 11 a and second substrate 11 b are provided with a pair of electrode portions 12 interposed therebetween. The first substrate 11a has a first principal surface 11af intersecting the first direction Z and a first lamination surface 11as. The first main surface 11af is located on the side of the second substrate 11b in the first substrate 11a. The second substrate 11b has a second principal surface 11bf intersecting the first direction Z and a second lamination surface 11bs. The second main surface 11bf is located on the side of the first substrate 11a in the second substrate 11b. In addition, in the following description, it is determined that the second substrate 11b is positioned below the first substrate 11a in the first direction Z, that is, the first substrate 11a is arranged farther from the heat source 60 than the second substrate 11b.

作為基板11的材料，能夠選擇具有絕緣性的板狀的材料。作為絕緣性的材料的例子，能夠舉出矽、石英、Pyrex(註冊商標)等的玻璃，及絕緣性樹脂等。另，在基板11亦可運用不鏽鋼(SUS)、鎢、鋁等的具有導電性的金屬材料，Si、GaN等的具有導電性的半導體，此外還有碳系材料或導電性高分子材料。基板11的形狀，為正方形、長方形，此外亦可為圓盤狀。此外，基板11，亦可為絕緣性的材料、半導體材料、金屬材料混合而成之構成。另，當基板11具有導電性的情形下，令基板11和熱傳導部20電性地相離，藉此能夠防止從元件10導通到熱源60。As a material of the substrate 11 , an insulating plate-shaped material can be selected. Examples of insulating materials include glass such as silicon, quartz, and Pyrex (registered trademark), insulating resin, and the like. In addition, conductive metal materials such as stainless steel (SUS), tungsten, and aluminum, conductive semiconductors such as Si and GaN, carbon-based materials, and conductive polymer materials can also be used for the substrate 11 . The shape of the substrate 11 is a square, a rectangle, or a disc shape. In addition, the substrate 11 may also be a mixture of insulating materials, semiconductor materials, and metal materials. In addition, when the substrate 11 has conductivity, the substrate 11 and the heat conduction part 20 are electrically separated, thereby preventing conduction from the element 10 to the heat source 60 .

另，亦可基板11為半導體，而具有設於第1主面11af及第2主面11bf的至少其中一者之退縮部、與非退縮部。因此，能夠使得第1電極部12a等與配線等的其他構成之接觸電阻減低。藉此，可抑制發電元件1全體的電阻的增加。In addition, the substrate 11 may be a semiconductor, and may have a shrinkage portion and a non-shrinkage portion provided on at least one of the first main surface 11af and the second main surface 11bf. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the contact resistance between the first electrode portion 12a and other configurations such as wiring. Thereby, an increase in the resistance of the entire power generating element 1 can be suppressed.

＜第1電極部12a、第2電極部12b＞ 電極部12，具有功函數相異的一對的第1電極部12a、第2電極部12b。第1電極部12a，和第1主面11af上相接設置。第1電極部12a，和第2基板11b相隔距離。第2電極部12b，和第2主面11bf上相接設置。第2電極部12b，和第1基板11a及第1電極部12a相隔距離而相向。第2電極部12b，具有和第1電極部12a相異的功函數。 <First electrode part 12a, second electrode part 12b> The electrode part 12 has a pair of first electrode part 12a and second electrode part 12b having different work functions. The first electrode portion 12a is provided in contact with the first main surface 11af. There is a distance between the first electrode portion 12a and the second substrate 11b. The second electrode portion 12b is provided in contact with the second main surface 11bf. The second electrode portion 12b faces the first substrate 11a and the first electrode portion 12a with a distance therebetween. The second electrode portion 12b has a work function different from that of the first electrode portion 12a.

第1電極部12a，例如透過***至第1基板11a的未圖示的配線而和第2配線102電性連接。第2電極部12b，例如透過未圖示的***至第2基板11b的配線而和第1配線101電性連接。此外，未圖示的配線的配置處等為任意。The first electrode portion 12a is electrically connected to the second wiring 102 through, for example, a wiring not shown inserted into the first substrate 11a. The second electrode portion 12b is electrically connected to the first wiring 101 through, for example, a wiring not shown inserted into the second substrate 11b. In addition, the arrangement|positioning place of the wiring which is not shown in figure etc. is arbitrary.

發電元件1中，從第1電極部12a與第2電極部12b會放出熱電子。發電元件1，利用從具有功函數差的第1電極部12a或是第2電極部12b之熱電子放出，絕對溫度愈高則電子的量愈增加。In the power generating element 1, thermal electrons are emitted from the first electrode portion 12a and the second electrode portion 12b. The power generating element 1 utilizes thermal electron emission from the first electrode portion 12a or the second electrode portion 12b having a difference in work function, and the amount of electrons increases as the absolute temperature increases.

第1電極部12a的材料、及第2電極部12b的材料，例如能夠從以下所示金屬來選擇。 鉑(Pt) 鎢(W) 鋁(Al) 鈦(Ti) 鈮(Nb) 鉬(Mo) 鉭(Ta) 錸(Re) 發電元件1中，只要在第1電極部12a與第2電極部12b之間會發生功函數差即可。是故，在第1電極部12a及第2電極部12b的材料可選擇上述以外的金屬。作為第1電極部12a及第2電極部12b的材料，除金屬外，亦可選擇合金、金屬間化合物、及金屬化合物。金屬化合物，為金屬元素與非金屬元素化合而成之物。作為這樣的金屬化合物的例子，例如能夠舉出六硼化鑭(LaB ₆)。 The material of the first electrode portion 12a and the material of the second electrode portion 12b can be selected from, for example, the following metals. Platinum (Pt), Tungsten (W), Aluminum (Al), Titanium (Ti), Niobium (Nb), Molybdenum (Mo), Tantalum (Ta), Rhenium (Re) There will be a work function difference between them. Therefore, metals other than those mentioned above can be selected as the material of the first electrode portion 12a and the second electrode portion 12b. As the material of the first electrode portion 12a and the second electrode portion 12b, in addition to metals, alloys, intermetallic compounds, and metal compounds can also be selected. A metal compound is a combination of a metal element and a non-metal element. As an example of such a metal compound, lanthanum hexaboride (LaB ₆ ) can be mentioned, for example.

＜支撐部13＞ 支撐部13，在一對的基板亦即第1基板11a及第2基板11b，或一對的電極亦即第1電極部12a、第2電極部12b之間相接設置。支撐部13，例如和第1主面11af及第2主面11bf連接。支撐部13，例如於第2方向X和第1電極部12a及第2電極部12b相接，但亦可和第1電極部12a及第2電極部12b相隔距離。 <Support part 13> The supporting portion 13 is provided in contact between the first substrate 11a and the second substrate 11b that are a pair of substrates, or the first electrode portion 12a and the second electrode portion 12b that are a pair of electrodes. The support portion 13 is connected to, for example, the first main surface 11af and the second main surface 11bf. The support portion 13 is, for example, in contact with the first electrode portion 12a and the second electrode portion 12b in the second direction X, but may be separated from the first electrode portion 12a and the second electrode portion 12b.

另，支撐部13亦可為基板11的一部分氧化而成之物。具體而言，亦可將令由矽構成的基板11氧化而形成的氧化矽膜的一部分訂為支撐部13。在此情形下，比起新形成支撐部13之情形，能夠高精度地控制支撐部13的高度，而能夠高精度地設定電極間間距G的大小。藉此，可謀求發電效率的穩定化。In addition, the supporting portion 13 may also be formed by oxidation of a part of the substrate 11 . Specifically, a part of the silicon oxide film formed by oxidizing the substrate 11 made of silicon may be used as the supporting portion 13 . In this case, compared with the case where the supporting portion 13 is newly formed, the height of the supporting portion 13 can be controlled with high precision, and the size of the gap G between electrodes can be set with high precision. Thereby, stabilization of power generation efficiency can be aimed at.

作為支撐部13的材料，能夠選擇具有絕緣性的材料。作為絕緣性的材料的例子，能夠舉出矽、氧化矽膜、石英等的玻璃，及絕緣性樹脂等。除上述外，支撐部13例如亦可為撓性的膜狀，能夠運用PET(polyethylene terephthalate；聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯)、PC(polycarbonate；聚碳酸酯)、及聚醯亞胺等。As a material of the support portion 13, an insulating material can be selected. Examples of insulating materials include glass such as silicon, a silicon oxide film, and quartz, and insulating resins. In addition to the above, the supporting portion 13 may be, for example, a flexible film, and PET (polyethylene terephthalate; polyethylene terephthalate), PC (polycarbonate; polycarbonate), polyimide, and the like can be used.

＜中間部14＞ 圖2為示意中間部14的一例的模型截面圖。如圖1(a)所示，中間部14設於第1電極部12a與第2電極部12b之間，和熱傳導部20相隔距離。中間部14包含奈米粒子141，其具有第1電極部12a的功函數與第2電極部12b的功函數之間的功函數。 ＜Middle part 14＞ FIG. 2 is a model cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the intermediate portion 14 . As shown in FIG. 1( a ), the intermediate portion 14 is provided between the first electrode portion 12 a and the second electrode portion 12 b at a distance from the heat conduction portion 20 . The intermediate portion 14 includes nanoparticles 141 having a work function between the work function of the first electrode portion 12a and the work function of the second electrode portion 12b.

在第1電極部12a與第2電極部12b之間，沿著第1方向Z設定電極間間距G。發電元件1中，電極間間距G是藉由支撐部13的沿著第1方向Z的厚度而被設定。電極間間距G的寬幅的一例，例如為10μm以下的有限值。電極間間距G的寬幅愈窄，發電元件1的發電效率愈提升。此外，電極間間距G的寬幅愈窄，愈能減薄發電元件1的沿著第1方向Z的厚度。因此，例如電極間間距G的寬幅較窄為佳。電極間間距G的寬幅，例如為10nm以上1μm以下更佳。另，電極間間距G的寬幅，和支撐部13的沿著第1方向Z的厚度為近乎等價。Between the 1st electrode part 12a and the 2nd electrode part 12b, the distance G between electrodes is set along the 1st direction Z. As shown in FIG. In the power generating element 1 , the inter-electrode distance G is set by the thickness of the supporting portion 13 along the first direction Z. An example of the width of the inter-electrode gap G is, for example, a limited value of 10 μm or less. The narrower the width of the gap G between the electrodes, the higher the power generation efficiency of the power generating element 1 . In addition, the narrower the width of the inter-electrode gap G, the thinner the thickness of the power generating element 1 along the first direction Z can be made. Therefore, for example, it is preferable that the width of the gap G between electrodes is narrow. The width of the inter-electrode gap G is more preferably, for example, not less than 10 nm and not more than 1 μm. In addition, the width of the inter-electrode gap G is almost equivalent to the thickness of the support portion 13 along the first direction Z.

中間部14，例如包含複數個奈米粒子141、及溶媒142。複數個奈米粒子141分散於溶媒142內。中間部14，例如可藉由將分散有奈米粒子141的溶媒142充填於間距部140內而得到。奈米粒子141的粒徑比電極間間距G還小。奈米粒子141的粒徑例如訂為電極間間距G的1/5以下的有限值。若將奈米粒子141的粒徑訂為電極間間距G的1/5以下，則在間距部140內容易形成包含奈米粒子141之中間部14。藉此，生產發電元件1時，作業性會提升。The middle part 14 includes, for example, a plurality of nanoparticles 141 and a solvent 142 . A plurality of nanoparticles 141 are dispersed in the solvent 142 . The middle portion 14 can be obtained, for example, by filling the spacer portion 140 with the solvent 142 in which the nanoparticles 141 are dispersed. The particle size of the nanoparticles 141 is smaller than the distance G between electrodes. The particle size of the nanoparticles 141 is set to a limited value of 1/5 or less of the distance G between electrodes, for example. If the particle size of the nanoparticles 141 is set to be equal to or less than 1/5 of the distance G between the electrodes, the middle part 14 including the nanoparticles 141 can be easily formed in the distance part 140 . Thereby, workability is improved when producing the power generating element 1 .

奈米粒子141例如包含導電物。奈米粒子141的功函數的值，例如位於第1電極部12a的功函數的值與第2電極部12b的功函數的值之間，但亦可不在第1電極部12a的功函數的值與第2電極部12b的功函數的值之間。例如，奈米粒子141的功函數的值訂為3.0eV以上5.5eV以下的範圍。藉此，相較於中間部14內沒有奈米粒子141之情形，可使得電能的產生量進一步增加。The nanoparticles 141 include, for example, a conductor. The value of the work function of the nanoparticles 141 is, for example, between the value of the work function of the first electrode part 12a and the value of the work function of the second electrode part 12b, but may not be within the value of the work function of the first electrode part 12a. and the value of the work function of the second electrode portion 12b. For example, the value of the work function of the nanoparticles 141 is set within a range of 3.0 eV to 5.5 eV. In this way, compared with the case where there are no nanoparticles 141 in the middle portion 14 , the amount of electric energy generated can be further increased.

作為奈米粒子141的材料的例子，能夠選擇金或是金的合金的至少1者。另，在奈米粒子141的材料亦可選擇金及銀以外的導電性材料。As an example of the material of the nanoparticles 141 , at least one of gold or an alloy of gold can be selected. In addition, conductive materials other than gold and silver can also be selected as the material of the nanoparticles 141 .

奈米粒子141的粒徑例如為2nm以上10nm以下。此外，奈米粒子141例如亦可具有平均粒徑(例如D50) 3nm以上8nm以下的粒徑。平均粒徑，例如能夠藉由運用粒度分布計測器而測定。作為粒度分布計測器，例如可使用運用了雷射繞射散射法之粒度分布計測器(例如MicrotracBEL製Nanotrac WaveII-EX150等)。The particle size of the nanoparticles 141 is, for example, not less than 2 nm and not more than 10 nm. In addition, the nanoparticles 141 may have, for example, an average particle diameter (eg, D50) of not less than 3 nm and not more than 8 nm. The average particle diameter can be measured, for example, by using a particle size distribution measuring device. As the particle size distribution measuring device, for example, a particle size distribution measuring device using a laser diffraction scattering method (for example, Nanotrac WaveII-EX150 manufactured by MicrotracBEL, etc.) can be used.

奈米粒子141，在其表面例如具有絕緣膜141a。作為絕緣膜141a的材料的例子，能夠選擇絕緣性金屬化合物及絕緣性有機化合物的至少1者。作為絕緣性金屬化合物的例子，例如能夠舉出矽氧化物及氧化鋁等。作為絕緣性有機化合物的例子，能夠舉出烷烴硫醇(例如十二烷硫醇)等。絕緣膜141a的厚度例如為20nm以下的有限值。若將這樣的絕緣膜141a設於奈米粒子141的表面，則電子e能夠利用穿隧效應(tunneling effect)或跳躍傳導(hopping conduction)而例如在第1電極部12a與奈米粒子141之間、以及奈米粒子141與第2電極部12b之間移動。因此，例如能夠期盼發電元件1的發電效率的提升。The nanoparticles 141 have, for example, an insulating film 141a on their surfaces. As an example of the material of the insulating film 141a, at least one of an insulating metal compound and an insulating organic compound can be selected. As an example of an insulating metal compound, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, etc. are mentioned, for example. Examples of insulating organic compounds include alkanethiol (for example, dodecanethiol) and the like. The thickness of the insulating film 141a is, for example, a limited value of 20 nm or less. If such an insulating film 141a is provided on the surface of the nanoparticle 141, the electrons e can transfer between the first electrode part 12a and the nanoparticle 141, for example, by utilizing the tunneling effect (tunneling effect) or hopping conduction (hopping conduction). , and move between the nanoparticles 141 and the second electrode part 12b. Therefore, for example, an improvement in the power generation efficiency of the power generating element 1 can be expected.

在溶媒142例如能夠使用沸點為60℃以上的液體。因此，在室溫(例如15℃～35℃)以上的環境下，即使運用發電元件1的情形下，仍能抑制溶媒142的氣化。藉此，能夠抑制溶媒142的氣化所伴隨之發電元件1的劣化。作為液體的例子，能夠選擇有機溶媒及水的至少1者。作為有機溶媒的例子，能夠舉出甲醇、乙醇、甲苯、二甲苯、四癸烷、及烷烴硫醇等。另，溶媒142，可為電性電阻值高，絕緣性之液體。For the solvent 142, for example, a liquid having a boiling point of 60° C. or higher can be used. Therefore, in an environment above room temperature (for example, 15° C. to 35° C.), even when the power generating element 1 is used, the vaporization of the solvent 142 can be suppressed. Thereby, deterioration of the power generating element 1 accompanying vaporization of the solvent 142 can be suppressed. As an example of the liquid, at least one of an organic solvent and water can be selected. Examples of the organic solvent include methanol, ethanol, toluene, xylene, tetradecane, and alkanethiol. In addition, the solvent 142 can be an insulating liquid with high electrical resistance.

另，中間部14亦可訂為不包含溶媒142而僅包含奈米粒子141。中間部14僅包含奈米粒子141，藉此例如即使將發電元件1在高溫環境下運用的情形下，仍不必考慮溶媒142的氣化。藉此，可抑制在高溫環境下的發電元件1的劣化。此外，中間部14例如亦可包含支撐奈米粒子141之絕緣體來取代溶媒142。In addition, the middle part 14 can also be defined as not including the solvent 142 but only including the nanoparticles 141 . The middle portion 14 only contains the nanoparticles 141 , so that, for example, even if the power generating element 1 is operated in a high-temperature environment, there is no need to consider the vaporization of the solvent 142 . Thereby, deterioration of the power generating element 1 in a high-temperature environment can be suppressed. In addition, the middle part 14 may also include an insulator supporting the nanoparticles 141 instead of the solvent 142 , for example.

＜熱傳導部20＞ 熱傳導部20，如圖1(a)所示，和熱源60及元件10相接設置，而和元件10電性地相離。熱傳導部20，例如為配置於熱源60上而朝第1方向Z及第2方向X延伸之板狀的構件。 <Heat conduction part 20> The heat conduction part 20 is provided in contact with the heat source 60 and the element 10 as shown in FIG. 1( a ), and is electrically separated from the element 10 . The heat conduction part 20 is, for example, a plate-shaped member arranged on the heat source 60 and extending in the first direction Z and the second direction X.

熱傳導部20的高度(在第1方向Z的高度)，例如亦可為第2基板11b的高度以下。亦即，只要至少第2基板11b的朝第1方向Z延伸的面的至少一部分和熱傳導部20相接即可。在此情形下，來自熱源60的熱會透過熱傳導部20傳遞至第2基板11b。亦即，對於第2基板11b，熱除了和熱源60相接的面外，還會從和熱傳導部20相接的面傳遞。因此，比起不設置熱傳導部20之情形，能夠使得傳遞至元件10的熱量增加。藉此，能夠使發電元件1的發電效率提升。The height of the heat conduction part 20 (the height in the first direction Z) may be equal to or less than the height of the second substrate 11b, for example. That is, at least a part of the surface extending in the first direction Z of the second substrate 11 b only needs to be in contact with the heat conduction portion 20 . In this case, the heat from the heat source 60 is transferred to the second substrate 11 b through the heat conduction portion 20 . That is, in the second substrate 11 b, heat is transferred from the surface in contact with the heat conduction part 20 in addition to the surface in contact with the heat source 60 . Therefore, the amount of heat transferred to the element 10 can be increased compared to the case where the heat conduction portion 20 is not provided. Thereby, the power generation efficiency of the power generating element 1 can be improved.

熱傳導部20的高度，例如亦可比第2基板11b的高度還高，而為第1基板11a的高度以下。亦即，只要至少第1基板11a的朝第1方向Z延伸的面的至少一部分和熱傳導部20相接即可。在此情形下，熱傳導部20和第1基板11a及第2基板11b相接，來自熱源60的熱透過熱傳導部20而傳遞至第1基板11a及第2基板11b。因此，相較於熱傳導部20僅和第2基板11b相接之情形，熱傳導部20與元件10的接觸面積會變大。此外，對於和熱源60相隔距離的構件，能夠使從熱源60產生的熱容易傳遞。藉此，能夠使發電元件1的發電效率更加提升。The height of the heat conduction part 20 may be higher than the height of the 2nd board|substrate 11b, for example, and may be below the height of the 1st board|substrate 11a. That is, at least a part of the surface extending in the first direction Z of at least the first substrate 11 a needs only to be in contact with the heat conduction portion 20 . In this case, the heat conduction part 20 is in contact with the first substrate 11a and the second substrate 11b, and heat from the heat source 60 is transmitted to the first substrate 11a and the second substrate 11b through the heat conduction part 20 . Therefore, the contact area between the heat conduction portion 20 and the element 10 becomes larger than that in the case where the heat conduction portion 20 is only in contact with the second substrate 11b. In addition, the heat generated from the heat source 60 can be easily transferred to a member at a distance from the heat source 60 . Thereby, the power generation efficiency of the power generating element 1 can be further improved.

熱傳導部20，亦可於第1方向Z超出第1基板11a而設置。亦即，熱傳導部20亦可橫跨第1方向Z全體而相接。因此，來自熱源60的熱會透過熱傳導部20依序傳遞至第2基板11b、第1基板11a。藉此，能夠使發電元件1的發電效率更加提升。The heat conduction part 20 may also be provided beyond the first substrate 11a in the first direction Z. That is, the heat conduction part 20 may be in contact across the entirety of the first direction Z. Therefore, the heat from the heat source 60 is sequentially transferred to the second substrate 11 b and the first substrate 11 a through the heat conduction portion 20 . Thereby, the power generation efficiency of the power generating element 1 can be further improved.

另，亦可僅元件10的單側和熱傳導部20相接，亦可如圖1(a)所示元件10的兩側和熱傳導部20相接。當熱傳導部20設有複數個的情形下，各熱傳導部20的高度亦可相異。又，熱傳導部20亦可和元件10的周圍全體相接，亦可以覆蓋第1層積面11as之方式和元件10上相接配置。元件10與熱傳導部20之接觸面積愈增加則來自熱源60的熱愈容易傳至元件10，因此能夠使發電元件1的發電效率更加提升。In addition, only one side of the element 10 may be in contact with the heat conduction portion 20 , or both sides of the element 10 may be in contact with the heat conduction portion 20 as shown in FIG. 1( a ). When there are multiple heat conduction parts 20 , the heights of the heat conduction parts 20 can also be different. Also, the heat conduction portion 20 may be in contact with the entire periphery of the element 10, or may be arranged in contact with the element 10 so as to cover the first lamination surface 11as. The larger the contact area between the element 10 and the heat conduction part 20 , the easier it is for the heat from the heat source 60 to transfer to the element 10 , so the power generation efficiency of the power generation element 1 can be further improved.

此外，亦可如圖1(b)所示元件10(基板11)的一部分沿著第3方向Y和熱傳導部20相接，亦可元件10(基板11)的全體沿著第3方向Y和熱傳導部20相接。為了使發電元件1的發電效率提升，理想是熱傳導部20與元件10的接觸面積大，故理想是熱傳導部20的長度為元件10的寬幅以上。In addition, as shown in FIG. 1( b ), part of the element 10 (substrate 11 ) may be in contact with the heat conduction portion 20 along the third direction Y, or the entire element 10 (substrate 11 ) may be in contact with the heat conduction portion 20 along the third direction Y and The heat conduction parts 20 are in contact with each other. In order to improve the power generation efficiency of the power generating element 1 , it is desirable that the contact area between the heat conduction portion 20 and the element 10 is large, so the length of the heat conduction portion 20 is preferably equal to or greater than the width of the element 10 .

熱傳導部20例如亦可和支撐部13相接設置。具體而言，如圖1(a)所示，熱傳導部20以和支撐部13的外側的面全體相接之方式配置。熱傳導部20和支撐部13相接，藉此來自熱源60的熱亦會效率良好地傳至支撐部13，因此能夠使發電元件1的發電效率提升。For example, the heat conduction part 20 can also be arranged in contact with the support part 13 . Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1( a ), the heat conduction portion 20 is arranged so as to be in contact with the entire outer surface of the support portion 13 . The heat conduction part 20 is in contact with the support part 13 , so that the heat from the heat source 60 is efficiently transferred to the support part 13 , so the power generation efficiency of the power generation element 1 can be improved.

熱傳導部20的熱傳導率，亦可比基板11的熱傳導率還高。例如，當基板11的材料為不鏽鋼(SUS)的情形下，在熱傳導部20可使用熱傳導率比基板11還高的銅等，在熱傳導部20可使用熱傳導率相對地比基板11還高的材料。藉此，從熱源60傳至發電元件1的熱會變得難以放出至外部，能夠謀求發電元件1的發電效率的提升。The heat conductivity of the heat conduction part 20 may be higher than the heat conductivity of the substrate 11 . For example, when the material of the substrate 11 is stainless steel (SUS), copper or the like having higher thermal conductivity than the substrate 11 can be used for the heat conduction part 20, and a material having a relatively higher thermal conductivity than the substrate 11 can be used for the heat conduction part 20. . Thereby, the heat transferred from the heat source 60 to the power generating element 1 becomes difficult to be released to the outside, and the power generation efficiency of the power generating element 1 can be improved.

另，為了使從熱源60傳至發電元件1的熱難以放出至外部，熱傳導部20的熱傳導率亦可比支撐部13的熱傳導率還高。此外，熱傳導部20的熱傳導率亦可比一對的第1電極部12a、第2電極部12b的至少其中一者的熱傳導率還高。In addition, in order to make it difficult for the heat transferred from the heat source 60 to the power generating element 1 to be released to the outside, the thermal conductivity of the heat conduction part 20 may also be higher than that of the support part 13 . In addition, the heat conductivity of the heat conduction part 20 may be higher than the heat conductivity of at least one of a pair of 1st electrode part 12a and the 2nd electrode part 12b.

熱傳導部20具有導電性，例如由金屬材料所構成。另，熱傳導部20不限定於金屬材料，只要是導電率高的材料則可由任何材料所構成。所謂導電率高的材料，具體而言理想是根據ASTM E1530而測定出的熱傳導率為10W/(m・k)以上之值。作為導電率高的材料，例如可為金、銀、銅、鋁等的金屬材料，較佳為由銅或鋁所構成。The heat conduction part 20 has electrical conductivity and is made of metal material, for example. In addition, the heat conduction part 20 is not limited to a metal material, As long as it is a material with high electrical conductivity, it can consist of any material. Specifically, a material with high electrical conductivity preferably has a thermal conductivity measured in accordance with ASTM E1530 of 10 W/(m·k) or more. As a material with high electrical conductivity, for example, metal materials such as gold, silver, copper, aluminum, etc., are preferably made of copper or aluminum.

圖3(a)示意第1實施形態中的發電元件1的第1變形例。如圖3(a)所示，當元件10以基板11朝第1方向Z延伸之方式配置於熱源60的情形下，基板11亦可在於第2方向X從兩側被一對的熱傳導部20夾著的狀態下相接。亦即，亦可在令元件10從圖1(a)所示狀態旋轉90度而基板11相對於熱源60直立設置的狀態下，熱傳導部20和第1基板11a及第2基板11b相接。在此情形下，熱傳導部20是以和第1層積面11as及第2層積面11bs的至少一部分相接之方式配置。另，熱傳導部20亦可以和第1層積面11as及第2層積面11bs的全體相接之方式設置，又亦可以元件10全體相接之方式設置。在此情形下，相較於熱傳導部20和第1層積面11as及第2層積面11bs的至少一部分相接之情形，能夠更加謀求發電元件1的發電效率的提升。另，基板11直立設置的狀態之元件10，亦可在熱源60上配置複數個。Fig. 3(a) shows a first modified example of the power generating element 1 in the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 3(a), when the element 10 is disposed on the heat source 60 in such a way that the substrate 11 extends toward the first direction Z, the substrate 11 may also be surrounded by a pair of heat conduction parts 20 from both sides in the second direction X. connected in a sandwiched state. That is, the heat conduction part 20 may be in contact with the first substrate 11a and the second substrate 11b in a state where the element 10 is rotated 90 degrees from the state shown in FIG. In this case, the heat conduction part 20 is arrange|positioned so that it may contact at least a part of the 1st lamination surface 11as and the 2nd lamination surface 11bs. Moreover, the heat conduction part 20 may be provided so that it may contact the whole of the 1st lamination surface 11as and the 2nd lamination surface 11bs, and may be provided so that the whole of the element 10 may contact. In this case, the power generation efficiency of the power generating element 1 can be further improved compared to the case where the heat conduction portion 20 is in contact with at least a part of the first lamination surface 11as and the second lamination surface 11bs. In addition, a plurality of elements 10 may be arranged on the heat source 60 with the substrate 11 standing upright.

圖3(b)示意第1實施形態中的發電元件1的第2變形例。如圖3(b)所示，發電元件1亦可具備層積複數個元件10而成之層積體30，而熱傳導部20和層積體30的側面相接設置。在熱源60，設有層積體30、與在其兩側的熱傳導部20。從熱源60產生的熱，透過熱傳導部20依序傳遞至各元件10。藉此，當元件10層積複數個的情形下，對於遠離熱源60配置的元件10亦能將從熱源60產生的熱效率良好地傳遞。另，熱傳導部20亦可和層積體30全體相接設置。Fig. 3(b) shows a second modified example of the power generating element 1 in the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 3( b ), the power generating element 1 may include a laminate 30 in which a plurality of elements 10 are laminated, and the heat conduction part 20 and the side surface of the laminate 30 may be provided in contact with each other. In the heat source 60, the laminated body 30 and the heat conduction part 20 on both sides are provided. The heat generated from the heat source 60 is sequentially transmitted to each element 10 through the heat conduction portion 20 . Thereby, even when a plurality of elements 10 are stacked, heat generated from the heat source 60 can be efficiently transferred to the element 10 disposed away from the heat source 60 . In addition, the heat conduction part 20 may be provided in contact with the entire laminated body 30 .

在層積的元件10間，亦可設有熱傳導層21。圖3(b)中示意在層積體30當中位於最上部的元件10與位於其下側的元件10之間設置熱傳導層21的例子。熱傳導層21，在於第2方向X和熱傳導部20相接的狀態下設置。這是為了使得來自熱源60的熱透過熱傳導部20確實地傳遞至熱傳導層21。另，熱傳導層21亦可設於各元件10間。A heat conduction layer 21 may also be provided between the laminated elements 10 . FIG. 3( b ) shows an example in which the heat conduction layer 21 is provided between the uppermost element 10 and the lower element 10 in the laminated body 30 . The heat conduction layer 21 is provided in a state of being in contact with the heat conduction portion 20 in the second direction X. This is to ensure that the heat from the heat source 60 is transmitted to the heat conduction layer 21 through the heat conduction portion 20 . In addition, the heat conduction layer 21 may also be disposed between the elements 10 .

＜發電元件1的動作＞ 一旦熱能被賦予至發電元件1，則在第1電極部12a與第2電極部12b之間會產生電流，熱能被變換成電能。在第1電極部12a與第2電極部12b之間產生的電流量除取決於熱能外，還取決於第1電極部12a的功函數與第2電極部12b的功函數之差、元件10的溫度。 <Operation of power generation element 1> When heat energy is given to the power generating element 1, an electric current is generated between the first electrode portion 12a and the second electrode portion 12b, and the heat energy is converted into electric energy. The amount of current generated between the first electrode portion 12a and the second electrode portion 12b depends not only on thermal energy, but also on the difference between the work function of the first electrode portion 12a and the work function of the second electrode portion 12b, and the temperature of the element 10. temperature.

產生的電流量，例如能夠藉由增大第1電極部12a與第2電極部12b之功函數差、縮小電極間間距、使元件10的絕對溫度上昇等而令其增加。The amount of generated current can be increased by, for example, increasing the work function difference between the first electrode portion 12a and the second electrode portion 12b, reducing the inter-electrode distance, increasing the absolute temperature of the element 10, and the like.

按照本實施形態，熱傳導部20和熱源60及元件10相接設置。因此，來自熱源60的熱變得容易透過熱傳導部20依序傳遞至構成發電元件1的複數個構件，能夠縮短靠近與遠離熱源60的構件成為相同溫度為止的時間。藉此，能夠使發電元件1的發電效率提升。According to this embodiment, the heat conduction part 20 is provided in contact with the heat source 60 and the element 10 . Therefore, the heat from the heat source 60 is easily transferred sequentially to the plurality of members constituting the power generating element 1 through the heat conduction portion 20 , and the time until the members near and far from the heat source 60 reach the same temperature can be shortened. Thereby, the power generation efficiency of the power generating element 1 can be improved.

此外，按照本實施形態，熱傳導部20和層積體30的側面相接設置。因此，能夠使得來自熱源60的熱容易透過熱傳導部20傳遞至層積體30全體。藉此，即使運用了距熱源60的距離相異的複數個元件10的情形下，仍能抑制各元件10的溫度差，而可謀求發電效率的進一步提升。此外，熱傳導部20，包含被夾在層積的一對的元件10之間之熱傳導層21。因此，來自熱源60的熱變得容易透過熱傳導部20及熱傳導層21傳遞至一對的元件10之間。藉此，能夠使發電元件1的發電效率更加提升。In addition, according to this embodiment, the heat conduction part 20 and the side surface of the laminated body 30 are provided in contact with each other. Therefore, heat from the heat source 60 can be easily transmitted to the entire laminate 30 through the heat conduction portion 20 . Thereby, even when a plurality of elements 10 at different distances from the heat source 60 are used, the temperature difference among the elements 10 can be suppressed, and the power generation efficiency can be further improved. In addition, the heat conduction portion 20 includes a heat conduction layer 21 sandwiched between a pair of stacked elements 10 . Therefore, the heat from the heat source 60 is easily transferred between the pair of elements 10 through the heat conduction portion 20 and the heat conduction layer 21 . Thereby, the power generation efficiency of the power generating element 1 can be further improved.

此外，按照本實施形態，熱傳導部20的熱傳導率比一對的基板11的熱傳導率還高。因此，熱變得難以從一對的基板11放出至熱傳導部20側。藉此，能夠使發電元件1的發電效率更加提升。In addition, according to the present embodiment, the thermal conductivity of the heat conduction portion 20 is higher than the thermal conductivity of the pair of substrates 11 . Therefore, it becomes difficult to release heat from the pair of substrates 11 to the side of the heat conduction portion 20 . Thereby, the power generation efficiency of the power generating element 1 can be further improved.

此外，按照本實施形態，熱傳導部20的熱傳導率比支撐部13的熱傳導率還高。因此，熱變得難以從支撐部13放出至熱傳導部20側。藉此，能夠使發電元件1的發電效率更加提升。此外，熱傳導部20和支撐部13相接設置。因此，來自熱源60的熱變得容易透過支撐部13傳遞至電極部12。藉此，能夠使發電元件1的發電效率更加提升。In addition, according to the present embodiment, the thermal conductivity of the heat conduction part 20 is higher than the thermal conductivity of the support part 13 . Therefore, it becomes difficult for heat to be released from the support portion 13 to the side of the heat conduction portion 20 . Thereby, the power generation efficiency of the power generating element 1 can be further improved. In addition, the heat conduction part 20 and the support part 13 are disposed in contact with each other. Therefore, the heat from the heat source 60 becomes easy to transfer to the electrode part 12 through the support part 13 . Thereby, the power generation efficiency of the power generating element 1 can be further improved.

此外，按照本實施形態，元件10和熱源60相接設置。因此，熱會從和熱傳導部20相接的面、及和熱源60相接的面傳遞至元件10。藉此，可使得傳遞至元件10的熱量增加。In addition, according to this embodiment, the element 10 and the heat source 60 are provided in contact with each other. Therefore, heat is transferred to the element 10 from the surface in contact with the heat conduction portion 20 and the surface in contact with the heat source 60 . Thereby, the amount of heat transferred to the element 10 can be increased.

此外，按照本實施形態，熱傳導部20的熱傳導率比一對的電極部12(第1電極部12a及第2電極部12b)的至少其中一者的熱傳導率還高。因此，熱變得難以從一對的電極放出至熱傳導部20側。藉此，能夠使發電元件1的發電效率更加提升。In addition, according to the present embodiment, the thermal conductivity of the heat conduction part 20 is higher than the thermal conductivity of at least one of the pair of electrode parts 12 (first electrode part 12a and second electrode part 12b). Therefore, it becomes difficult to release heat from the pair of electrodes to the side of the heat conduction part 20 . Thereby, the power generation efficiency of the power generating element 1 can be further improved.

此外，按照本實施形態，熱傳導部20和第1元件10及第2元件10的側面相接設置。因此，對於和熱源60相隔距離的第2元件10，能夠使來自熱源60的熱容易傳遞。藉此，能夠使發電元件1的發電效率更加提升。In addition, according to this embodiment, the heat conduction part 20 is provided in contact with the side surfaces of the first element 10 and the second element 10 . Therefore, heat from the heat source 60 can be easily transferred to the second element 10 at a distance from the heat source 60 . Thereby, the power generation efficiency of the power generating element 1 can be further improved.

(第2實施形態) 接著說明第2實施形態中的發電元件1。和上述的第1實施形態的差異，在於在元件10設置斷熱部40，其他點則共通。是故以下的說明中，主要說明和第1實施形態相異的點，針對共通的部分則標註同一符號並省略說明。 (Second Embodiment) Next, the power generating element 1 in the second embodiment will be described. The difference from the above-mentioned first embodiment is that the heat insulating portion 40 is provided in the element 10, and the other points are the same. Therefore, in the following description, points that are different from those of the first embodiment will be mainly described, and the same reference numerals will be assigned to the common parts and description will be omitted.

圖4示意第2實施形態中的發電元件1的一例的模型圖。如圖4(a)所示，元件10的全體被斷熱部40覆蓋。亦即，斷熱部40和熱源60相接，而覆蓋熱傳導部20及元件10。斷熱部40的形狀，只要是能夠覆蓋元件10則可為任何形狀。另，元件10亦可存在一部分未被斷熱部40覆蓋的範圍。覆蓋元件10的斷熱部40的面積愈大，從熱源60傳遞至元件10的熱愈難放出至外部，因此斷熱效果會提升，發電元件1的發電效率會提升。FIG. 4 is a model diagram showing an example of the power generating element 1 in the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 4( a ), the entirety of the element 10 is covered by the heat insulating portion 40 . That is, the heat insulating part 40 is in contact with the heat source 60 and covers the heat conducting part 20 and the element 10 . The heat insulating portion 40 may have any shape as long as it can cover the element 10 . In addition, there may be a part of the element 10 not covered by the heat insulating portion 40 . The larger the area of the heat insulating portion 40 covering the element 10 is, the harder it is for the heat transferred from the heat source 60 to the element 10 to be released to the outside, so the heat insulating effect will be improved, and the power generation efficiency of the power generating element 1 will be improved.

此外，如圖4(b)所示，斷熱部40亦可覆蓋層積體30及和其側面相接設置的熱傳導部20。亦即，斷熱部40亦可和熱源60相接，而覆蓋熱傳導部20及將複數個元件10層積而成之層積體30。另，在元件10間亦可配置有熱傳導層21。In addition, as shown in FIG. 4( b ), the heat insulating portion 40 may also cover the laminated body 30 and the heat conduction portion 20 provided in contact with the side surface thereof. That is, the heat insulating part 40 may be in contact with the heat source 60 to cover the heat conduction part 20 and the laminated body 30 formed by laminating a plurality of elements 10 . In addition, a heat conduction layer 21 may be disposed between the elements 10 .

斷熱部40具有斷熱性(絕緣性)，例如由樹脂所構成。另，斷熱部40不限定於該些，只要是熱傳導率低的材料則可由任何材料所構成。所謂熱傳導率低的材料，具體而言理想是根據ASTM E1530而測定出的熱傳導率為10W/(m・k)以下之值。作為熱傳導率低的材料，例如可為陶瓷、磚瓦、陶器等，較佳為由聚胺甲酸酯、聚醯亞胺、苯乙烯、氯乙烯等的樹脂材料，玻璃，空氣所構成。又，斷熱部40亦可由藉由相異的素材所構成之複數層的構件所構成。The heat insulating portion 40 has heat insulating properties (insulating properties), and is made of, for example, resin. In addition, the heat insulating part 40 is not limited to these, as long as it is a material with low thermal conductivity, it may consist of any material. Specifically, a material with low thermal conductivity preferably has a thermal conductivity measured in accordance with ASTM E1530 of 10 W/(m·k) or less. Materials with low thermal conductivity include, for example, ceramics, bricks, pottery, etc., preferably made of resin materials such as polyurethane, polyimide, styrene, vinyl chloride, glass, and air. In addition, the heat insulating part 40 may also be composed of a plurality of layers of members made of different materials.

按照本實施形態，斷熱部40和熱源60相接，而覆蓋熱傳導部20及元件10。因此，來自熱源60的熱變得容易透過熱傳導部20及熱傳導層21傳遞至一對的元件10之間。藉此，能夠使發電元件1的發電效率更加提升。According to the present embodiment, the heat insulating portion 40 is in contact with the heat source 60 and covers the heat conduction portion 20 and the element 10 . Therefore, the heat from the heat source 60 is easily transferred between the pair of elements 10 through the heat conduction portion 20 and the heat conduction layer 21 . Thereby, the power generation efficiency of the power generating element 1 can be further improved.

(第3實施形態) 圖5為示意第3實施形態中的控制系統的一例的方塊圖。圖5(a)為示意第3實施形態中的控制系統70的一例的方塊圖。如圖5(a)所示，控制系統70具備發電元件1、計測部71、控制部72，控制系統70連接至熱源60。 (third embodiment) Fig. 5 is a block diagram showing an example of a control system in a third embodiment. Fig. 5(a) is a block diagram showing an example of the control system 70 in the third embodiment. As shown in FIG. 5( a ), the control system 70 includes the power generation element 1 , a measurement unit 71 , and a control unit 72 , and the control system 70 is connected to the heat source 60 .

計測部71計測發電元件1的發電量，對控制部72輸出計測結果亦即發電量的資訊。計測部71例如定期地計測發電元件1的發電量以使發電元件1的發電量成為一定，而對控制部72輸出發電量的資訊。The measurement unit 71 measures the power generation amount of the power generation element 1 , and outputs the measurement result, that is, information on the power generation amount to the control unit 72 . The measurement unit 71 measures, for example, the power generation amount of the power generation element 1 on a regular basis so that the power generation amount of the power generation element 1 becomes constant, and outputs information on the power generation amount to the control unit 72 .

控制部72基於從計測部71接受的計測結果，進行電力量控制。藉由發電元件1發電的電力量會根據來自熱源60的熱量而增減，因此例如當發電元件1所致之發電量不足的情形下，會控制令熱源60的熱量增加以使發電量增加，當發電元件1所致之發電量過剩的情形下，會控制令熱源60的熱量減少以使發電量減少。The control unit 72 performs power amount control based on the measurement result received from the measurement unit 71 . The amount of electric power generated by the power generating element 1 increases or decreases according to the heat from the heat source 60. Therefore, for example, when the amount of power generated by the power generating element 1 is insufficient, the amount of heat generated by the heat source 60 is controlled to increase the amount of power generated. When the power generated by the power generating element 1 is excessive, the heat of the heat source 60 is controlled to reduce the power generated.

圖5(b)為示意第3實施形態中的控制系統的第1變形例的方塊圖。如圖5(b)所示，機器61具有熱源60。控制部72亦可藉由控制機器61而控制使得熱源60的熱量減少。在此情形下的機器61例如為個人電腦等的裝置，熱源60例如為機器61具有的CPU。Fig. 5(b) is a block diagram showing a first modified example of the control system in the third embodiment. As shown in FIG. 5( b ), the machine 61 has a heat source 60 . The control unit 72 can also control the heat of the heat source 60 to reduce by controlling the machine 61 . The device 61 in this case is, for example, a device such as a personal computer, and the heat source 60 is, for example, a CPU included in the device 61 .

按照本實施形態，控制系統70，具備發電元件1，具備：計測部71，計測發電元件1的發電量；及控制部72，基於計測部71的計測結果，控制從熱源60放出的熱量。因此，能夠根據發電元件1的發電量而控制從熱源60放出的熱量。藉此，能夠適當地保護熱源60及包含熱源60之機器等，並且能夠容易地實現從熱源60放出的熱量之控制。According to the present embodiment, the control system 70 includes the power generating element 1, and includes: a measurement unit 71 for measuring the amount of power generated by the power generation element 1; Therefore, the amount of heat released from the heat source 60 can be controlled according to the amount of power generated by the power generating element 1 . Thereby, the heat source 60 and the equipment including the heat source 60 can be properly protected, and the control of the heat emitted from the heat source 60 can be easily realized.

(第4實施形態：電子機器500) ＜電子機器500＞ 上述的發電元件1及發電裝置100，例如可搭載於電子機器。以下說明幾個電子機器的實施形態。 (Fourth Embodiment: Electronic Device 500) ＜Electronic Equipment 500＞ The power generating element 1 and the power generating device 100 described above can be mounted on electronic equipment, for example. Several embodiments of electronic equipment will be described below.

圖6(a)～圖6(d)為示意具備發電元件1的電子機器500的例子的模型方塊圖。圖6(e)～圖6(h)為示意具備包含發電元件1的發電裝置100之電子機器500的例子的模型方塊圖。6( a ) to 6( d ) are schematic block diagrams illustrating an example of an electronic device 500 including the power generating element 1 . 6( e ) to 6( h ) are schematic block diagrams showing examples of electronic equipment 500 including the power generating device 100 including the power generating element 1 .

如圖6(a)所示，電子機器500(電子產品)，具備電子零件501(電子元件)、主電源502、輔助電源503。電子機器500及電子零件501的各者，為電氣機器(電子器件)。As shown in FIG. 6( a ), an electronic device 500 (electronic product) includes an electronic component 501 (electronic component), a main power supply 502 , and an auxiliary power supply 503 . Each of the electronic equipment 500 and the electronic component 501 is an electric equipment (electronic device).

電子零件501，運用主電源502作為電源而被驅動。作為電子零件501的例子，例如能夠舉出CPU、馬達、感測器終端、及照明等。當電子零件501例如為CPU的情形下，電子機器500中包含可藉由內建的主控器(CPU)而控制之電子機器。當電子零件501為例如包含馬達、感測器終端、及照明等的至少1者的情形下，電子機器500中包含可藉由位於外部的主控器或是人而控制之電子機器。另，電子零件501的一部分亦可作用成為熱源60。Electronic component 501 is driven using main power supply 502 as a power source. As an example of the electronic component 501, a CPU, a motor, a sensor terminal, lighting, etc. are mentioned, for example. When the electronic component 501 is, for example, a CPU, the electronic device 500 includes an electronic device that can be controlled by a built-in main controller (CPU). When the electronic component 501 includes at least one of, for example, a motor, a sensor terminal, and lighting, the electronic device 500 includes an electronic device that can be controlled by an external main controller or a person. In addition, a part of the electronic component 501 can also function as the heat source 60 .

主電源502例如為電池。電池中亦包含可充電的電池。主電源502的正端子(+)和電子零件501的Vcc端子(Vcc)電性連接。主電源502的負端子(-)和電子零件501的GND端子(GND)電性連接。另，電子零件501中亦可包含藉由發電元件1發電的電力而被充電之二次電池。The main power source 502 is, for example, a battery. The batteries also contain rechargeable batteries. The positive terminal (+) of the main power supply 502 is electrically connected to the Vcc terminal (Vcc) of the electronic component 501 . The negative terminal (−) of the main power supply 502 is electrically connected to the GND terminal (GND) of the electronic component 501 . In addition, the electronic component 501 may include a secondary battery charged by the electric power generated by the power generating element 1 .

輔助電源503為發電元件1。發電元件1包含上述的發電元件1的至少1者。發電元件1的陽極(例如第1電極部12a)，和電子零件501的GND端子(GND)、或主電源502的負端子(-)、或連接GND端子(GND)與負端子(-)的配線電性連接。發電元件1的陰極(例如第2電極部12b)，和電子零件501的Vcc端子(Vcc)、或主電源502的正端子(+)、或連接Vcc端子(Vcc)與正端子(+)的配線電性連接。電子機器500中，輔助電源503例如和主電源502併用，能夠使用作為用來輔助主電源502的電源、或當主電源502的容量耗盡的情形下作為用來備援主電源502的電源。當主電源502為可充電的電池的情形下，輔助電源503還能使用作為用來將電池充電的電源。The auxiliary power source 503 is the power generating element 1 . The power generating element 1 includes at least one of the power generating elements 1 described above. The anode (for example, the first electrode portion 12a) of the power generating element 1, and the GND terminal (GND) of the electronic component 501, or the negative terminal (-) of the main power supply 502, or the connection between the GND terminal (GND) and the negative terminal (-) Wiring is electrically connected. The cathode (for example, the second electrode portion 12b) of the power generating element 1, and the Vcc terminal (Vcc) of the electronic component 501, or the positive terminal (+) of the main power supply 502, or the connection between the Vcc terminal (Vcc) and the positive terminal (+). Wiring is electrically connected. In the electronic device 500, the auxiliary power supply 503 is used together with the main power supply 502, for example, and can be used as a power supply for assisting the main power supply 502 or as a backup power supply for the main power supply 502 when the capacity of the main power supply 502 is exhausted. When the main power source 502 is a rechargeable battery, the auxiliary power source 503 can also be used as a power source for charging the battery.

如圖6(b)所示，主電源502亦可被做成發電元件1。發電元件1的陽極，和電子零件501的GND端子(GND)電性連接。發電元件1的陰極，和電子零件501的Vcc端子(Vcc)電性連接。圖6(b)所示電子機器500，具備被使用作為主電源502之發電元件1、與可運用發電元件1而被驅動之電子零件501。發電元件1為獨立的電源(例如離網(off-grid)電源)。因此，電子機器500例如能夠做成獨立型(stand-alone型)。且，發電元件1為環境發電型(能源採集(energy harvesting)型)。圖6(b)所示電子機器500不需要更換電池。As shown in FIG. 6( b ), the main power source 502 can also be made into a power generating element 1 . The anode of the power generating element 1 is electrically connected to the GND terminal (GND) of the electronic component 501 . The cathode of the power generating element 1 is electrically connected to the Vcc terminal (Vcc) of the electronic component 501 . An electronic device 500 shown in FIG. 6( b ) includes a power generating element 1 used as a main power source 502 and an electronic component 501 that can be driven using the power generating element 1 . The power generating element 1 is an independent power source (for example, an off-grid power source). Therefore, the electronic device 500 can be, for example, a stand-alone type. Also, the power generating element 1 is an environmental power generation type (energy harvesting type). The electronic device 500 shown in FIG. 6(b) does not require battery replacement.

如圖6(c)所示，電子零件501亦可具備發電元件1。發電元件1的陽極，例如和電路基板(圖示省略)的GND配線電性連接。發電元件1的陰極，例如和電路基板(圖示省略)的Vcc配線電性連接。在此情形下，發電元件1能夠使用作為電子零件501的例如輔助電源503。As shown in FIG. 6( c ), the electronic component 501 may include the power generating element 1 . The anode of the power generating element 1 is electrically connected to, for example, a GND wiring of a circuit board (not shown). The cathode of the power generating element 1 is electrically connected to, for example, a Vcc wiring of a circuit board (not shown). In this case, the power generating element 1 can use, for example, an auxiliary power supply 503 as the electronic component 501 .

如圖6(d)所示，當電子零件501具備發電元件1的情形下，發電元件1能夠使用作為電子零件501的例如主電源502。As shown in FIG. 6( d ), when the electronic component 501 includes the power generating element 1 , the power generating element 1 can use, for example, the main power supply 502 as the electronic component 501 .

如圖6(e)～圖6(h)的各者所示，電子機器500亦可具備發電裝置100。發電裝置100包含作為電能的來源之發電元件1。As shown in each of FIGS. 6( e ) to 6 ( h ), the electronic device 500 may include the power generating device 100 . The power generating device 100 includes a power generating element 1 as a source of electric energy.

圖6(d)所示實施形態，電子零件501具備被使用作為主電源502之發電元件1。同樣地，圖6(h)所示實施形態，電子零件501具備被使用作為主電源之發電裝置100。該些實施形態中，電子零件501帶有獨立的電源。因此，能夠將電子零件501例如做成獨立型。獨立型的電子零件501，例如能夠有效地用於包含複數個電子零件，且至少1個的電子零件和其餘的電子零件遠離這樣的電子機器。這樣的電子機器500的例子，為感測器。感測器，具備感測器終端(受控器)、與遠離感測器終端的控制器(主控器)。感測器終端及控制器的各者為電子零件501。若感測器終端具備發電元件1或發電裝置100，則會成為獨立型的感測器終端，不需要藉由有線做電力供給。發電元件1或發電裝置100為環境發電型，故亦不需更換電池。感測器終端，亦能視為是電子機器500的一者。被視為電子機器500的感測器終端中，除感測器的感測器終端外，例如還包含IoT無線標籤等。In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6( d ), an electronic component 501 includes a power generating element 1 used as a main power source 502 . Similarly, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6(h), an electronic component 501 is provided with a power generator 100 used as a main power source. In these embodiments, the electronic component 501 has an independent power supply. Therefore, the electronic component 501 can be made into an independent type, for example. The stand-alone electronic component 501 can be effectively used, for example, to include a plurality of electronic components, and at least one electronic component and the remaining electronic components are separated from such an electronic device. An example of such an electronic device 500 is a sensor. The sensor includes a sensor terminal (controller) and a controller (master) remote from the sensor terminal. Each of the sensor terminal and the controller is an electronic component 501 . If the sensor terminal is provided with the power generating element 1 or the power generating device 100, it will become an independent sensor terminal, and does not need to be supplied with power by wires. The power generation element 1 or the power generation device 100 is an ambient power generation type, so there is no need to replace the battery. The sensor terminal can also be regarded as one of the electronic equipment 500 . The sensor terminal regarded as the electronic device 500 includes, for example, IoT wireless tags and the like in addition to the sensor terminal of the sensor.

圖6(a)～圖6(h)的各者所示實施形態中共通之處在於，電子機器500包含利用從熱源60產生的熱而發電之發電元件1、與可運用發電元件1作為電源而被驅動之電子零件501。6(a) to 6(h) have in common with the embodiments shown in that the electronic equipment 500 includes a power generating element 1 that generates electricity by using heat generated from a heat source 60, and the power generating element 1 can be used as a power source. And the driven electronic parts 501.

電子機器500，亦可為具備獨立的電源之自律型(自主(autonomous)型)。自律型的電子機器的例子，例如能夠舉出機器人等。又，具備發電元件1或發電裝置100之電子零件501，亦可為具備獨立的電源之自律型。自律型的電子零件的例子，例如能夠舉出可動感測器終端等。The electronic device 500 may also be an autonomous type (autonomous type) having an independent power supply. Examples of autonomous electronic devices include robots and the like. Also, the electronic component 501 provided with the power generating element 1 or the power generating device 100 may be an autonomous type provided with an independent power source. Examples of autonomous electronic components include, for example, movable sensor terminals and the like.

雖已說明了本發明的幾個實施形態，但該些實施形態是提出作為例子，並未意圖限定發明的範圍。該些新穎的實施形態，可以其他各式各樣的形態實施，在不脫離發明的主旨之範圍，能夠進行種種的省略、置換、變更。該些實施形態或其變形，均被包含於發明的範圍或主旨，並且被包含於申請專利範圍記載之發明與其均等範圍。Although some embodiments of the present invention have been described, these embodiments are presented as examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These novel embodiments can be implemented in other various forms, and various omissions, substitutions, and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. These embodiments or modifications thereof are included in the scope or spirit of the invention, and are included in the invention described in the claims and their equivalent scope.

1:發電元件 10:元件 11:基板 11a:第1基板 11af:第1主面 11as:第1層積面 11b:第2基板 11bf:第2主面 11bs:第2層積面 12:電極部 12a:第1電極部 12b:第2電極部 13:支撐部 14:中間部 20:熱傳導部 30:層積體 40:斷熱部 60:熱源 140:間距部 141:奈米粒子 142:溶媒 100:發電裝置 101:第1配線 102:第2配線 500:電子機器 G:間距 R:負載 Z:第1方向 X:第2方向 Y:第3方向 1: Generating components 10: Components 11: Substrate 11a: 1st substrate 11af: the first main surface 11as: the first floor surface 11b: Second substrate 11bf: the second main surface 11bs: 2nd floor area 12: Electrode part 12a: 1st electrode part 12b: The second electrode part 13: Support part 14: middle part 20: Heat conduction department 30: laminated body 40: heat insulation part 60: heat source 140: spacing part 141:Nanoparticles 142:Solvent 100: Generator 101: 1st wiring 102: 2nd wiring 500: electronic equipment G: Spacing R: load Z: 1st direction X: 2nd direction Y: 3rd direction

[圖1]圖1(a)為示意第1實施形態中的發電元件及發電裝置的一例的模型截面圖，圖1(b)為發電元件及發電裝置的模型平面圖。 [圖2]圖2為示意中間部的一例的模型截面圖。 [圖3]圖3(a)為示意第1實施形態中的發電元件的第1變形例的模型截面圖，圖3(b)為示意第1實施形態中的發電元件的第2變形例的模型截面圖。 [圖4]圖4(a)為示意第2實施形態中的發電元件的一例的模型截面圖，圖4(b)為示意第2實施形態中的發電元件的第1變形例的模型截面圖。 [圖5]圖5(a)為示意第3實施形態中的控制系統的一例的方塊圖，圖5(b)為示意第3實施形態中的控制系統的第1變形例的方塊圖。 [圖6]圖6(a)～圖6(d)為示意具備發電元件的電子機器的例子的模型方塊圖，圖6(e)～圖6(h)為示意具備包含發電元件的發電裝置之電子機器的例子的模型方塊圖。 [FIG. 1] FIG. 1(a) is a model sectional view showing an example of a power generating element and a power generating device in a first embodiment, and FIG. 1(b) is a model plan view of a power generating device and a power generating device. [ Fig. 2] Fig. 2 is a model cross-sectional view showing an example of an intermediate portion. [FIG. 3] FIG. 3(a) is a model cross-sectional view showing a first modified example of the power generating element in the first embodiment, and FIG. 3(b) is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a second modified example of the power generating element in the first embodiment. Model cross-section. [Fig. 4] Fig. 4(a) is a model sectional view showing an example of the power generating element in the second embodiment, and Fig. 4(b) is a model sectional view showing a first modification of the power generating element in the second embodiment . [FIG. 5] FIG. 5(a) is a block diagram showing an example of the control system in the third embodiment, and FIG. 5(b) is a block diagram showing a first modification of the control system in the third embodiment. [Fig. 6] Fig. 6(a) to Fig. 6(d) are model block diagrams showing examples of electronic equipment equipped with power generating elements, and Fig. 6(e) to Fig. 6(h) are schematic diagrams of power generating devices including power generating elements A model block diagram of an example of an electronic machine.

1:發電元件 1: Generating components

10:元件 10: Components

11:基板 11: Substrate

11a:第1基板 11a: 1st substrate

11af:第1主面 11af: the first main surface

11as:第1層積面 11as: the first floor surface

11b:第2基板 11b: Second substrate

11bf:第2主面 11bf: the second main surface

11bs:第2層積面 11bs: 2nd floor area

12:電極部 12: Electrode part

12a:第1電極部 12a: 1st electrode part

12b:第2電極部 12b: The second electrode part

13:支撐部 13: Support part

14:中間部 14: middle part

20:熱傳導部 20: Heat conduction department

60:熱源 60: heat source

100:發電裝置 100: Generator

101:第1配線 101: 1st wiring

102:第2配線 102: 2nd wiring

R:負載 R: load

Z:第1方向 Z: 1st direction

X:第2方向 X: 2nd direction

Y:第3方向 Y: 3rd direction

Claims (12)

一種發電元件，係利用從熱源產生的熱而發電之發電元件，其特徵為，具備： 至少1個的元件；及 熱傳導部，和前述熱源、及前述元件相接設置，而和前述元件電性地相離； 前述元件，包含： 一對的電極，各自功函數相異；及 中間部，設於前述一對的電極之間，和前述熱傳導部相隔距離。 A power generating element is a power generating element that utilizes heat generated from a heat source to generate electricity, and is characterized in that it has: at least 1 element; and The heat conduction part is arranged in contact with the aforementioned heat source and the aforementioned element, and is electrically separated from the aforementioned element; The aforementioned elements, including: a pair of electrodes having different work functions; and The middle part is provided between the pair of electrodes and is separated from the heat conduction part. 如請求項1記載之發電元件，其中， 具備將複數個前述元件層積而成之層積體， 前述熱傳導部和前述層積體的側面相接設置， 前述熱傳導部包含被夾在層積的一對的前述元件之間之熱傳導層。 The power generating element as described in Claim 1, wherein, It has a laminate formed by laminating a plurality of the aforementioned elements, The heat conduction part is arranged in contact with the side surface of the laminated body, The heat conduction part includes a heat conduction layer sandwiched between a pair of laminated elements. 如請求項1記載之發電元件，其中， 前述元件包含夾著前述一對的電極而設置之一對的基板， 前述熱傳導部的熱傳導率比前述一對的基板的熱傳導率還高。 The power generating element as described in Claim 1, wherein, The aforementioned element includes a pair of substrates disposed across the aforementioned pair of electrodes, The thermal conductivity of the heat conduction portion is higher than the thermal conductivity of the pair of substrates. 如請求項1記載之發電元件，其中， 前述元件，包含： 夾著前述一對的電極而設置之一對的基板；及 支撐部，和前述一對的基板或前述一對的電極之間相接設置； 前述熱傳導部和前述支撐部相接設置， 前述熱傳導部的熱傳導率比前述支撐部的熱傳導率還高。 The power generating element as described in Claim 1, wherein, The aforementioned elements, including: a pair of substrates disposed across the aforementioned pair of electrodes; and The supporting part is arranged in contact with the aforementioned pair of substrates or the aforementioned pair of electrodes; The aforementioned heat conduction portion and the aforementioned support portion are arranged in contact with each other, The thermal conductivity of the heat conduction portion is higher than the thermal conductivity of the support portion. 如請求項1記載之發電元件，其中， 前述元件和前述熱源相接設置。 The power generating element as described in Claim 1, wherein, The aforementioned elements are arranged in contact with the aforementioned heat source. 如請求項1記載之發電元件，其中， 前述熱傳導部的熱傳導率比前述一對的電極的至少其中一者的熱傳導率還高。 The power generating element as described in Claim 1, wherein, The thermal conductivity of the heat conduction portion is higher than the thermal conductivity of at least one of the pair of electrodes. 如請求項1記載之發電元件，其中， 前述熱傳導部具備：層積體，包含和前述熱源相接之第1元件、與層積於前述第1元件而和前述熱源相隔距離之第2元件，前述熱傳導部和前述第1元件及前述第2元件的側面相接設置。 The power generating element as described in Claim 1, wherein, The heat conduction part includes: a laminate including a first element in contact with the heat source, a second element laminated on the first element at a distance from the heat source, the heat conduction part, the first element and the first element. The sides of the 2 elements are connected to each other. 如請求項1記載之發電元件，其中， 具備：斷熱部，和前述熱源相接，覆蓋前述熱傳導部及前述元件。 The power generating element as described in Claim 1, wherein, Equipped with: a heat insulating part, which is in contact with the aforementioned heat source, and covers the aforementioned heat conduction part and the aforementioned element. 一種控制系統，其特徵為，具備： 如請求項1記載之發電元件； 計測部，計測前述發電元件的發電量；及 控制部，基於前述計測部的計測結果而控制從前述熱源放出的熱量。 A control system is characterized in that it has: The power generation element as described in Claim 1; a measurement unit for measuring the power generation amount of the power generation element; and The control unit controls the amount of heat released from the heat source based on the measurement result of the measurement unit. 一種發電裝置，其特徵為，具備： 如請求項1記載之發電元件；及 一對的配線，和前述一對的電極電性連接。 A power generating device, characterized in that it has: The power generation element as stated in Claim 1; and The pair of wires is electrically connected to the aforementioned pair of electrodes. 一種電子機器，其特徵為，具備： 如請求項1記載之發電元件；及 電子零件，可運用前述發電元件作為電源而被驅動。 An electronic device, characterized in that it has: The power generation element as stated in Claim 1; and Electronic components can be driven using the aforementioned power generating element as a power source. 一種發電方法，其特徵為， 如請求項1記載之發電元件利用從前述熱源產生的熱而發電。 A method of generating electricity, characterized in that, The power generating element described in Claim 1 generates power by utilizing the heat generated from the aforementioned heat source.

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