TW202206748A - Gas-turbine premixing tube structure - Google Patents

Gas-turbine premixing tube structure Download PDF

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TW202206748A
TW202206748A TW110120954A TW110120954A TW202206748A TW 202206748 A TW202206748 A TW 202206748A TW 110120954 A TW110120954 A TW 110120954A TW 110120954 A TW110120954 A TW 110120954A TW 202206748 A TW202206748 A TW 202206748A
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air
premixing
air holes
gas
gas turbine
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TW110120954A
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Chinese (zh)
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TWI804885B (en
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潞宇 王
俊介 西江
健斗 黛
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日商三井易艾斯機械有限公司
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F23R3/30—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply comprising fuel prevapourising devices
    • F23R3/32—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply comprising fuel prevapourising devices being tubular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/22—Fuel supply systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
    • F23R3/04—Air inlet arrangements
    • F23R3/10—Air inlet arrangements for primary air

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Abstract

Provided is a gas-turbine premixing tube structure that, in the generation of a mixed gas combining a combustion gas with air, generates a mixed gas that is uniformly and sufficiently diluted. Air holes 1a1, 1a2, 1a3, 1a4 are formed in a cylindrical trunk portion 1a of a premixing tube 1. The number of the air holes 1a1, which are formed on the most upstream side, is made to be greater than the number of the other air holes 1a2, 1a3, 1a4. The air holes 1a2, 1a3, 1a4 are formed at mutually different staggered positions. On the downstream side of the trunk portion 1a, an opening 1d is provided in an inclined tube portion 1e that is connected to a conical trunk portion 1c which is constricted so as to be gradually smaller in diameter, the opening being provided so as to be directed toward the center portion of a combustor inner cylinder 103b to cause the mixed gas to be jetted toward a flame produced by pilot fuel.

Description

燃氣渦輪之預混合管結構Gas Turbine Premixing Tube Structure

本發明係關於一種配置於燃氣渦輪之預混合式燃燒器之預混合管結構。The present invention relates to a premixing tube structure arranged in a premixing combustor of a gas turbine.

於空氣氛圍中噴射燃燒氣體之擴散燃燒中，由於燃燒氣體與空氣未充分混合而以高濃度之狀態進行燃燒，故燃燒溫度增高，NOx(氮氧化物)之排出濃度增高。因此，藉由將水蒸氣或水噴射於燃燒區域而降低燃燒溫度來謀求NOx濃度之降低。 然而，相對燃料之供給量需要較多之水量，有使燃氣渦輪設備之效率降低之虞。In the diffusion combustion in which the combustion gas is injected in the air atmosphere, since the combustion gas and the air are not sufficiently mixed and the combustion is carried out in a state of high concentration, the combustion temperature increases and the emission concentration of NOx (nitrogen oxide) increases. Therefore, the NOx concentration is reduced by injecting steam or water into the combustion region to lower the combustion temperature. However, a large amount of water is required relative to the amount of fuel supplied, which may reduce the efficiency of the gas turbine equipment.

因此，採用不噴射水蒸氣或水而可排出低NOx之稀釋預混合燃燒。稀釋預混合燃燒係使燃燒氣體與空氣混合而將稀釋成低濃度之混合氣體供給至燃燒區域，進行燃燒。由於該預混合氣體之燃燒溫度降低，故NOx之生成被抑制從而排出濃度較低之NOx。Therefore, a diluted premixed combustion that emits low NOx without injecting water vapor or water is employed. The diluted premixed combustion system mixes the combustion gas with the air, and supplies the mixed gas diluted to a low concentration to the combustion area to perform combustion. Since the combustion temperature of the premixed gas is lowered, the generation of NOx is suppressed and NOx having a lower concentration is discharged.

為了提高此種稀釋預混合燃燒之混合效率，例如，專利文獻1中，作為可以稀薄之混合氣體進行穩定之燃燒，可減少氮氧化物之排出之燃氣渦輪燃燒器，提案如下結構：自以特定量***於襯管而配置之預蒸發預混合管之前端在特定位置之周圍於周向形成有複數之燃燒氣體供給孔之開口。 又，專利文獻2中提案如下結構：自預混合管之周壁面之孔流入至燃燒器內之空氣，在燃燒器內形成圍繞軸向流之旋流，火焰被保持於遠離燃燒器頂部之位置。 又，專利文獻3中，揭示一種燃氣渦輪燃燒器，其於外筒體之內部具有燃燒筒與預混合管，該預混合管係由具備在預混合管之上部周壁內之貫通筒狀之內壁之間的間隙產生旋流之孔之上部周壁與下部周壁構成，於內壁之頂部中央配置第1壓力噴射噴嘴、於下部周壁以等角度間隔配置5個第2壓力噴射噴嘴。自各第2壓力噴射噴嘴向中心噴射之燃料，隨著自間隙流向燃燒筒之空氣之旋流，在燃燒器之上部區域於半徑方向擴展分散，由於長時間滯留而提前蒸發・著火而完全燃燒。 [先前技術文獻] [專利文獻]In order to improve the mixing efficiency of such diluted premixed combustion, for example, Patent Document 1 proposes the following structure as a gas turbine combustor capable of performing stable combustion with a lean gas mixture and reducing the emission of nitrogen oxides: The front-end|tip of the pre-evaporation premixing pipe|tube which is inserted in the liner pipe by a specific amount is formed in the circumference direction of the opening of a plurality of combustion gas supply holes around a specific position. In addition, Patent Document 2 proposes a structure in which the air flowing into the burner from the hole in the peripheral wall of the premixing tube forms a swirling flow around the axial flow in the burner, and the flame is kept at a position away from the top of the burner . In addition, Patent Document 3 discloses a gas turbine combustor including a combustion tube and a premixing tube inside an outer tube body, and the premixing tube is composed of a through-cylindrical tube provided in a peripheral wall of an upper portion of the premixing tube. The upper peripheral wall and the lower peripheral wall of the hole where the swirl flow is generated in the gap between the inner walls are constituted by the first pressure jet nozzle at the center of the top of the inner wall, and five second pressure jet nozzles are arranged at equal angular intervals on the lower peripheral wall. The fuel injected toward the center from each second pressure injection nozzle spreads and disperses in the radial direction in the upper region of the burner along with the swirling flow of the air flowing from the gap to the combustion cylinder, and due to the long-term retention, it evaporates and ignites in advance and burns completely. [Prior Art Literature] [Patent Literature]

[專利文獻1]日本特開平10-160163號公報 [專利文獻2]日本特開2009-198054號公報 [專利文獻3]日本特開2012-247135號公報[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-160163 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2009-198054 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2012-247135

[發明欲解決之問題][Problems to be Solved by Invention]

上述之專利文獻1~專利文獻3所揭示之燃氣渦輪燃燒器，係對空氣賦予旋流而促進與燃料之混合，且不產生逆火者。 然而，該等燃氣渦輪燃燒器主要係使產生旋流者，用以促進混合。但，混合濃度分佈之狀況不明，是否已實現燃燒氣體之濃度均勻化不明。因此，有在高濃度之狀態燃燒之虞，且有NOx之排出濃度部分增高之虞。The gas turbine combustors disclosed in the above-mentioned Patent Documents 1 to 3 give swirl to the air to promote mixing with the fuel, and do not generate backfire. However, these gas turbine combustors are primarily those that create swirls to promote mixing. However, the state of the mixed concentration distribution is unknown, and it is unclear whether the uniformity of the concentration of the combustion gas has been achieved. Therefore, there is a possibility of burning in a state of high concentration, and there is a possibility that the exhaust concentration of NOx is partially increased.

因此，本發明之目的在於提供一種實現促進燃燒氣體與空氣之混合、實現燃燒氣體之濃度均勻化、高效進行稀釋預混合燃燒之燃氣渦輪之預混合管結構。 [解決問題之技術手段]Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a premixing pipe structure of a gas turbine that can promote the mixing of combustion gas and air, achieve uniform concentration of combustion gas, and efficiently perform dilution premixed combustion. [Technical means to solve problems]

為達成上述目的，本發明之燃氣渦輪之預混合管結構之特徵為，其係於燃燒器內筒之中央部配置先導燃料用噴嘴，於該先導燃料用噴嘴之周圍配置複數根主燃料用噴嘴，將該主燃料用噴嘴保持於基端部，將使自該主燃料用噴嘴噴射之主燃料與空氣混合之混合氣體自前端部向燃燒器內筒噴射之筒狀之預混合管，且於周壁周向排列有使內外連通而引入空氣之複數個空氣孔，且該空氣孔於軸向配置有複數行。In order to achieve the above object, the premixing pipe structure of the gas turbine of the present invention is characterized in that a pilot fuel nozzle is arranged in the center part of the inner cylinder of the combustor, and a plurality of main fuel nozzles are arranged around the pilot fuel nozzle. A nozzle is a cylindrical premixing pipe that holds the main fuel nozzle at the base end, and injects a mixture of the main fuel and air injected from the main fuel nozzle to the inner cylinder of the burner from the front end, and A plurality of air holes for connecting the inside and outside and introducing air are arranged in the circumferential direction of the peripheral wall, and the air holes are arranged in a plurality of rows in the axial direction.

由於自周壁之周圍引入預混合用空氣，故自主燃料用噴嘴噴射之燃燒氣體與空氣混合，噴射至燃燒器內筒。Since the air for premixing is introduced from around the peripheral wall, the combustion gas injected from the main fuel nozzle is mixed with the air and injected into the inner cylinder of the burner.

又，上述之燃氣渦輪之預混合管結構，較佳係上述空氣孔以錯開狀排列。In addition, in the above-mentioned premixing pipe structure of the gas turbine, it is preferable that the above-mentioned air holes are arranged in a staggered manner.

藉由以錯開狀配置，於軸向鄰接之空氣孔在周向之位置偏移。因此，引入空氣之位置不同，在基端部側即上游側，有燃燒氣體通過不存在空氣孔之位置時，燃燒氣體不會與空氣充分混合。該混合不充分之燃燒氣體向軸向流動而通過下游側之空氣孔所面對之位置時，促進與空氣之混合。因此，通過上游側未被稀釋之燃燒氣體在下游側被稀釋，藉此根據向軸向流動而確實地被稀釋。By staggered arrangement, the positions of the air holes adjacent in the axial direction are shifted in the circumferential direction. Therefore, depending on the position where the air is introduced, when the combustion gas passes through the position where the air hole does not exist on the base end side, that is, the upstream side, the combustion gas is not sufficiently mixed with the air. When the insufficiently mixed combustion gas flows in the axial direction and passes through the position facing the air hole on the downstream side, the mixing with the air is promoted. Therefore, the undiluted combustion gas that passes through the upstream side is diluted on the downstream side, whereby it is surely diluted by flowing in the axial direction.

又，上述之燃氣渦輪之預混合管結構，較佳係上述空氣孔在基端部側於周向配置之數量多於在前端部側於周向配置之數量。Further, in the premixing tube structure of the gas turbine described above, it is preferable that the number of the air holes arranged in the circumferential direction on the base end portion side is larger than the number arranged in the circumferential direction on the front end portion side.

使配置於周向之空氣孔之數量，在基端部側(上游側)多於在前端部側(下游側)。 在基端部側為供給燃燒氣體而供給大量空氣使其混合較為理想，故可於基端部側形成多個空氣孔吸引空氣。 又，在前端部側對燃燒氣體經稀釋之混合氣體供給空氣，故不需要如基端部側般大量之空氣。因此，設前端部側之空氣孔少於基端部側。The number of air holes arranged in the circumferential direction is made larger on the base end side (upstream side) than on the front end side (downstream side). It is preferable to supply a large amount of air to mix the combustion gas on the base end side, so that a plurality of air holes can be formed on the base end side to suck the air. In addition, since air is supplied to the mixed gas in which the combustion gas is diluted on the front end side, a large amount of air is not required as on the base end side. Therefore, the air holes on the front end portion side are set smaller than those on the base end portion side.

又，上述之燃氣渦輪之預混合管結構，較佳係上述空氣孔之開口面積在基端部側設為較大，在前端部側設為較小。In addition, in the premixing pipe structure of the gas turbine described above, it is preferable that the opening area of the air hole is made larger on the base end side and smaller on the tip end side.

藉由使空氣孔之開口面積在基端部側較大，可吸引大量之空氣，促進燃燒氣體之稀釋。By making the opening area of the air hole larger on the base end side, a large amount of air can be attracted and the dilution of the combustion gas can be promoted.

又，上述之燃氣渦輪之預混合管結構，較佳係與筒狀之軸正交之面之開口面積，使前端部側之開口面積小於自基端部側至本體部之開口面積。In addition, in the premixing pipe structure of the gas turbine described above, it is preferable that the opening area of the plane perpendicular to the axis of the cylindrical shape is smaller than the opening area from the base end side to the main body.

使對於筒狀之預混合管之橫剖面之開口面積於前端部側較小，並增大自前端部向燃燒器內筒噴射之混合氣體之流速。因此，可防止燃燒器內筒內之燃燒之逆火之產生。 [發明之效果]The opening area of the cross-section of the tubular premixing pipe is made smaller on the front end side, and the flow velocity of the mixed gas injected from the front end portion to the inner cylinder of the combustor is increased. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of backfire of the combustion in the inner cylinder of the burner. [Effect of invention]

根據本發明之燃氣渦輪之預混合管結構，可高效地降低混合氣體之濃度且可均勻化，進而可抑制燃燒導致之NOx之產生。又，由於通過預混合管之側壁供給空氣，故相較於自軸向之基端部側之開口引入空氣之結構，可減小預混合管與頂蓋之間隔，從而可實現燃氣渦輪之小型化。According to the premixing pipe structure of the gas turbine of the present invention, the concentration of the mixed gas can be efficiently reduced and uniform, and the generation of NOx caused by combustion can be suppressed. In addition, since the air is supplied through the side wall of the premixing pipe, the distance between the premixing pipe and the top cover can be reduced compared to the structure in which the air is introduced from the opening on the base end side in the axial direction. miniaturization.

基於所圖示之較佳之實施形態具體說明本發明之燃氣渦輪之預混合管結構。 首先，參照圖11說明安裝具備本發明之結構之預混合管之燃氣渦輪之一實施例之概略。The premixing pipe structure of the gas turbine of the present invention will be specifically described based on the preferred embodiment shown in the drawings. First, with reference to FIG. 11, the outline of one Example of the gas turbine equipped with the premixing tube of the structure of this invention is demonstrated.

燃氣渦輪100中，自空氣吸入口101吸引之空氣通過進氣導流板101a被供給至壓縮機102並被壓縮，該壓縮空氣被引導至燃燒器103。該燃燒器103為燃燒器外筒103a與燃燒器內筒103b之雙重結構，壓縮空氣被引導至燃燒器內筒103b之外側。In the gas turbine 100 , the air sucked from the air intake port 101 is supplied to the compressor 102 through the intake deflector 101 a and compressed, and the compressed air is guided to the combustor 103 . The combustor 103 has a dual structure of a combustor outer cylinder 103a and a combustor inner cylinder 103b, and the compressed air is guided to the outside of the combustor inner cylinder 103b.

於燃燒器103之燃燒器內筒103b之上部，安裝有配置於以燃燒器內筒103b之軸為中心之圓周上之適當個數之預混合管1。預混合管1之下部與燃燒器內筒103b之內部連通，於上部配置有供給主燃料之主燃料用噴嘴110，對燃燒器內筒103b之內部噴射主燃料。 又，於燃燒器內筒103b之中央上部配置有先導燃料用噴嘴111，將先導燃料噴射至燃燒器內筒103b內。所噴射之先導燃料藉由未圖示之點燃裝置點燃。 經引導至燃燒器內筒103b之外側之壓縮空氣被引導至預混合管1，與主燃料之燃燒氣體混合而生成混合氣體，該混合氣體自預混合管1之下部向燃燒器內筒103b之內部噴射而促進燃燒，產生高溫・高壓之作動氣體。 在燃燒器103產生之作動氣體被引導至渦輪104，使渦輪翼旋轉而使主軸105旋轉。藉由主軸105之旋轉，使壓縮機102旋轉，且獲得所期望之輸出旋轉。供於渦輪104之旋轉之作動氣體成為排氣氣體而自排氣管道106排出。On the upper part of the burner inner tube 103b of the burner 103, an appropriate number of premixing tubes 1 are arranged on the circumference with the axis of the burner inner tube 103b as the center. The lower part of the premixing pipe 1 communicates with the inside of the combustor inner cylinder 103b, and the main fuel nozzle 110 for supplying the main fuel is arranged in the upper part, and the main fuel is injected into the inside of the combustor inner cylinder 103b. Moreover, the nozzle 111 for pilot fuels is arrange|positioned in the center upper part of the combustor inner cylinder 103b, and injects a pilot fuel into the combustor inner cylinder 103b. The injected pilot fuel is ignited by an ignition device not shown. The compressed air guided to the outer side of the combustor inner tube 103b is guided to the premixing tube 1, and mixed with the combustion gas of the main fuel to generate a mixed gas, which flows from the lower part of the premixing tube 1 to the burner inner tube 103b. Internal injection promotes combustion and generates high temperature and high pressure operating gas. The working gas generated in the combustor 103 is guided to the turbine 104, the turbine blades are rotated, and the main shaft 105 is rotated. By the rotation of the main shaft 105, the compressor 102 is rotated, and a desired output rotation is obtained. The operating gas supplied for the rotation of the turbine 104 becomes exhaust gas and is discharged from the exhaust duct 106 .

圖1~圖6顯示具備本發明之第一實施形態之結構之預混合管1。該預混合管1係圓筒形之本體部1a之上部除中央部以外被底板1b封閉，且該底板1b之中央部介隔密封件11a安裝有保持主燃料用噴嘴110之噴嘴支持管11。另，預混合管1之噴嘴支持管11之側為主燃料流動之上游側。 又，本體部1a之下部，即主燃料流動之下游側，連續有逐漸被縮徑而下部側成為小徑之筒狀之圓錐形本體部1c。又，以使開口1d指向自該圓錐形本體部1c相對本體部1a之軸C方向偏倚之方向的方式，連續有傾斜管部1e。又，該開口1d如圖2所示為圓形。1 to 6 show a premixing tube 1 having the structure of the first embodiment of the present invention. The premixing tube 1 has a cylindrical body portion 1a whose upper portion is closed by a bottom plate 1b except for the center portion, and a nozzle support tube 11 that holds the main fuel nozzle 110 is attached to the center portion of the bottom plate 1b through a seal 11a. In addition, the side of the nozzle support pipe 11 of the premixing pipe 1 is the upstream side where the main fuel flows. Further, in the lower part of the main body part 1a, that is, on the downstream side of the main fuel flow, there is a continuous cylindrical conical main body part 1c whose diameter is gradually reduced and the lower part has a small diameter. Moreover, the inclined pipe part 1e is continued so that the opening 1d may point to the direction which deviates from this conical main-body part 1c with respect to the axis C direction of the main-body part 1a. In addition, the opening 1d is circular as shown in FIG. 2 .

於預混合管1之本體部1a形成有適當數量之空氣孔1a1、1a2、1a3、1a4。該空氣孔1a1、1a2、1a3、1a4如圖6之展開圖所示，在預混合管1之上游側形成於周向之空氣孔1a1之數量，多於其下游側形成於周向之空氣孔1a2~1a4之數量。該實施形態中，顯示有於軸C方向並列設置有4行之空氣孔1a1、1a2、1a3、1a4者，然而該等最上游側之空氣孔1a1為16個，配置於其他位置之空氣孔1a2、1a3、1a4為8個。 該等空氣孔1a1、1a2、1a3、1a4之位置關係顯示於圖5與圖6。圖5(A)係沿圖2之5A-5A線在與軸C正交之面切斷之剖面圖，於該部分配置有16個空氣孔1a1。又，圖5(B)係配置於距空氣孔1a1最近之下游側之空氣孔1a2之部分切斷之沿圖2之5B-5B線切斷之剖面圖，於該部分配置有8個空氣孔1a2。該8個空氣孔1a2配置於相對於16個空氣孔1a1每隔一個於軸C方向重疊之位置。又，配置於距空氣孔1a2最近之下游側之空氣孔1a3為8個，如圖5(B)與圖5(C)所示，配置於與空氣孔1a2之位置於周向以22.5°之角度偏移之位置。且，配置於最下游之空氣孔1a4於周向配置有8個，如圖5(B)與圖5(D)所示，該等空氣孔1a4配置於與空氣孔1a2於軸C方向相等之位置。 另，關於空氣孔1a2、1a3、1a4，亦可藉由配置於分別以15°之角度偏移之位置，將該等空氣孔1a2、1a3、1a4全體配置於在沿軸C之方向偏移之位置。 再者，可使空氣孔1a1、1a2、1a3、1a4各者之直徑不同。該情形下，較佳為，增大配置於上游側之空氣孔1a1之直徑。又，亦可向下游側逐漸縮小直徑，還可使空氣孔1a2、1a3、1a4之直徑相等。An appropriate number of air holes 1a1 , 1a2 , 1a3 , and 1a4 are formed in the main body 1a of the premixing tube 1 . The air holes 1a1 , 1a2 , 1a3 , and 1a4 are shown in the developed view of FIG. 6 . The number of the air holes 1a1 formed in the circumferential direction on the upstream side of the premixing tube 1 is larger than that of the air holes 1a2 to 1a4 formed in the circumferential direction on the downstream side of the air holes 1a1 . quantity. In this embodiment, four rows of air holes 1a1, 1a2, 1a3, and 1a4 are shown in parallel in the axis C direction. However, the number of air holes 1a1 on the most upstream side is 16, and the air holes 1a2 are arranged at other positions. , 1a3 and 1a4 are 8. The positional relationship of these air holes 1a1 , 1a2 , 1a3 , and 1a4 is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 . Fig. 5(A) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 5A-5A of Fig. 2 at a plane orthogonal to the axis C, and 16 air holes 1a1 are arranged in this portion. 5(B) is a sectional view taken along the line 5B-5B of FIG. 2 , which is a sectional view cut along the line 5B-5B of FIG. 2 of the air hole 1a2 arranged on the downstream side closest to the air hole 1a1, and eight air holes are arranged in this part. 1a2. The eight air holes 1a2 are arranged at positions overlapping every other one in the axis C direction with respect to the 16 air holes 1a1. In addition, the number of air holes 1a3 arranged on the downstream side closest to the air holes 1a2 is eight, and as shown in FIGS. The position of the angular offset. In addition, eight air holes 1a4 arranged at the most downstream are arranged in the circumferential direction. As shown in FIGS. 5(B) and 5(D) , these air holes 1a4 are arranged in the same direction as the air holes 1a2 in the axis C direction. Location. In addition, regarding the air holes 1a2, 1a3, 1a4, the air holes 1a2, 1a3, 1a4 may all be arranged at positions offset in the direction along the axis C by arranging them at positions offset by an angle of 15°, respectively. Location. Furthermore, the diameters of the air holes 1a1, 1a2, 1a3, and 1a4 may be different. In this case, it is preferable to increase the diameter of the air hole 1a1 arranged on the upstream side. In addition, the diameter may be gradually reduced toward the downstream side, and the diameters of the air holes 1a2, 1a3, and 1a4 may be made equal.

且，該預混合管1如圖11所示，指向燃燒器內筒103b之中央部而配置開口1d。因此，向於先導燃料點燃之火焰噴射混合氣體。In addition, as shown in FIG. 11 , the premixing tube 1 has an opening 1d directed toward the center portion of the combustor inner tube 103b. Therefore, the mixed gas is injected toward the flame ignited by the pilot fuel.

其次，以下說明具備該第一實施形態之結構之預混合管1之作用。 該第一實施形態之預混合管1，對於從主燃料用噴嘴110噴射之主燃料之燃料氣體，自形成於本體部1a之空氣孔1a1、1a2、1a3、1a4導入壓縮空氣而稀釋燃燒氣體，在預混合管1之內部混合而生成混合氣體。燃燒氣體在由主燃料用噴嘴110剛噴射後處於最高濃度。該預混合管1，由於位於最上游側之空氣孔1a1之數量多於下游側之空氣孔1a2、1a3、1a4之數量，故自最上游側之空氣孔1a1導入大量之空氣。因此，促進濃度較高之燃燒氣體之稀釋。 又，由於空氣孔1a2、1a3、1a4係於周向之位置偏移而配置，故難以對通過空氣孔1a2未面對之位置，即在周向鄰接之空氣孔1a2彼此之中間之位置所面對之位置的燃燒氣體導入空氣。然而，由於配置於該空氣孔1a2之下游之空氣孔1a3，係配置於相對空氣孔1a2偏移之位置，故對於通過未形成空氣孔1a2之部分之燃燒氣體，藉由自空氣孔1a3導入之空氣而稀釋。因此，供給之燃燒氣體全體與空氣均等地混合，稀釋至所期望之狀態而供給於燃燒，生成高溫・高壓之作動氣體。 另，預混合管1之下游部形成有較本體部1a更小徑之開口1d，故自開口1d噴射之混合氣體之流速增大。因此，由於對於先導燃料之火焰高速噴射，故不會有著火之燃燒氣體之火焰逆火。Next, the function of the premixing tube 1 having the structure of the first embodiment will be described below. In the premixing tube 1 of the first embodiment, compressed air is introduced from the air holes 1a1, 1a2, 1a3, and 1a4 formed in the main body 1a for the fuel gas of the main fuel injected from the main fuel nozzle 110 to dilute the combustion gas. The mixed gas is produced by mixing inside the premixing tube 1 . The combustion gas is at the highest concentration immediately after being injected from the main fuel nozzle 110 . In the premixing tube 1, since the number of air holes 1a1 on the most upstream side is larger than the number of the air holes 1a2, 1a3 and 1a4 on the downstream side, a large amount of air is introduced from the most upstream air hole 1a1. Therefore, the dilution of the higher concentration combustion gas is promoted. In addition, since the air holes 1a2, 1a3, and 1a4 are arranged at positions shifted in the circumferential direction, it is difficult to face the position not facing the air hole 1a2, that is, the position in the middle of the adjacent air holes 1a2 in the circumferential direction. Place the combustion gases into the air. However, since the air hole 1a3 arranged downstream of the air hole 1a2 is arranged at a position offset with respect to the air hole 1a2, the combustion gas passing through the part where the air hole 1a2 is not formed is introduced from the air hole 1a3 by the air hole 1a3. diluted with air. Therefore, the entire supplied combustion gas is uniformly mixed with air, diluted to a desired state and supplied for combustion, generating high-temperature and high-pressure operating gas. In addition, the downstream portion of the premixing tube 1 is formed with an opening 1d smaller in diameter than the body portion 1a, so that the flow velocity of the mixed gas injected from the opening 1d is increased. Therefore, since the flame of the pilot fuel is jetted at a high speed, there is no flame backfire of the flammable combustion gas.

且，驅動渦輪104後之作動氣體自排氣管道106排出。該排出之排出氣體，因在預混合管1混合而稀釋之混合氣體之燃燒氣體濃度低，故NOx之排出量較小。Then, the working gas after driving the turbine 104 is discharged from the exhaust duct 106 . The discharged exhaust gas has a low combustion gas concentration in the mixed gas diluted by mixing in the premixing tube 1, so the NOx discharge amount is small.

圖7~圖9顯示具備第二實施形態之結構之燃氣渦輪之預混合管2。針對該實施形態之預混合管2之部位，即與圖1~圖6所示之第一實施形態之預混合管1相同之部位，附加相同之符號。 於該預混合管2之本體部2a之上部，設有蓋體2b，其與本體部2a分開而於中央部介隔密封件11a安裝有噴嘴支持管11。 於本體部2a之下部連續有連續本體部2c，其上游側之上端部以連續於本體部2a之圓形向下游側逐漸縮徑，且下游側之下端部形成為方形。 且，於該連接本體部2c之下端部，連接有與連續本體部2c連續之方形之傾斜管部2e之上端部，且開口2d指向於使該傾斜管部2e之下端部相對軸C方向偏倚之方向。即，開口2d如圖8所示，為方形。7 to 9 show the premixing pipe 2 of the gas turbine having the structure of the second embodiment. The parts of the premixing tube 2 of this embodiment, that is, the same parts as those of the premixing tube 1 of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 are assigned the same reference numerals. On the upper part of the main body part 2a of the premixing tube 2, there is provided a cover body 2b, which is separated from the main body part 2a, and a nozzle support tube 11 is attached to the central part through the sealing member 11a. The lower part of the main body part 2a is continuous with a continuous main body part 2c, the upper end part on the upstream side is gradually reduced in diameter toward the downstream side in a circle continuous with the main body part 2a, and the lower end part on the downstream side is formed in a square shape. In addition, the lower end of the connecting body portion 2c is connected with the upper end of a square inclined tube portion 2e continuous with the continuous body portion 2c, and the opening 2d is directed so that the lower end of the inclined tube portion 2e is offset relative to the direction of the axis C direction. That is, the opening 2d has a square shape as shown in FIG. 8 .

預混合管2之本體部2a，與第一實施形態之預混合管1之本體部1a相同，設有適當數量之空氣孔2a1、2a2、2a3、2a4。該等空氣孔2a1、2a2、2a3、2a4以與形成於預混合管1之本體部1a之空氣孔1a1、1a2、1a3、1a4相同之數量配置於相同位置。因此，關於形成於本體部2a之空氣孔2a1、2a2、2a3、2a4，為與顯示第一實施形態之預混合管1之本體部1a之剖面之圖5(A)~(D)相同之剖面形狀。The main body 2a of the premixing tube 2 is the same as the main body 1a of the premixing tube 1 of the first embodiment, and is provided with an appropriate number of air holes 2a1, 2a2, 2a3, 2a4. These air holes 2a1 , 2a2 , 2a3 , and 2a4 are arranged at the same positions in the same number as the air holes 1a1 , 1a2 , 1a3 , and 1a4 formed in the main body portion 1a of the premixing tube 1 . Therefore, the air holes 2a1, 2a2, 2a3, and 2a4 formed in the main body portion 2a are the same cross-sections as those shown in FIG. shape.

關於該預混合管2，亦與預混合管1之情形相同，如圖11所示，使開口2d指向燃燒器內筒103b之中央部配置，向於先導燃料點燃之火焰噴射混合氣體。且，由於開口2d之開口面積小於本體部2a之剖面積，故混合氣體之流速增大而可防止逆火。The premixing tube 2 is also arranged with the opening 2d directed toward the center of the combustor inner tube 103b as shown in FIG. 11, as in the case of the premixing tube 1, and injects the mixed gas toward the flame ignited by the pilot fuel. Furthermore, since the opening area of the opening 2d is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the main body portion 2a, the flow velocity of the mixed gas is increased, and backfire can be prevented.

以上說明之預混合管1、2，如圖10所示，自本體部1a、2a之側方供給經稀釋之空氣。 另一方面，圖12顯示自預混合管4之上部開口4a引入空氣之結構。該預混合管4為自上方引入空氣之結構，故必須增大燃氣渦輪100之頂蓋112與預混合管4之上部開口4a之間之距離。 與此相對，具備本發明之結構之預混合管1、2係自側方引入空氣，故如圖10所示，可縮小預混合管1、2之上部與頂蓋112之間之距離。 因此，可減小燃氣渦輪100之高度，實現燃氣渦輪100之小型化。As shown in FIG. 10, the premixing tubes 1 and 2 described above are supplied with diluted air from the sides of the main body parts 1a and 2a. On the other hand, FIG. 12 shows a structure in which air is introduced from the upper opening 4 a of the premixing tube 4 . The premixing tube 4 has a structure for introducing air from above, so the distance between the top cover 112 of the gas turbine 100 and the upper opening 4a of the premixing tube 4 must be increased. In contrast, the premixing tubes 1 and 2 having the structure of the present invention introduce air from the side, so as shown in FIG. Therefore, the height of the gas turbine 100 can be reduced, and the miniaturization of the gas turbine 100 can be achieved.

根據本發明之燃氣渦輪之預混合管結構，可將燃燒氣體容易而均等地稀釋成所期望之濃度，故有助於降低排氣中之NOx濃度。According to the structure of the premixing pipe of the gas turbine of the present invention, the combustion gas can be easily and evenly diluted to the desired concentration, thereby helping to reduce the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas.

1:預混合管 1a:本體部 1a1:空氣孔 1a2:空氣孔 1a3:空氣孔 1a4:空氣孔 1b:底板 1c:圓錐形本體部 1d:開口 1e:傾斜管部 2:預混合管 2a:本體部 2a1:空氣孔 2a2:空氣孔 2a3:空氣孔 2a4:空氣孔 2b:蓋體 2c:連續本體部 2d:開口 2e:傾斜管部 4:預混合管 4a:上部開口 11:噴嘴支持管 11a:密封件 100:燃氣渦輪 101:空氣吸入口 101a:進氣導流板 102:壓縮機 103:燃燒器 103a:燃燒器外筒 103b:燃燒器內筒 104:渦輪 105:主軸 106:排氣管道 110:主燃料用噴嘴 111:先導燃料用噴嘴 112:頂蓋 C:軸1: Pre-mixing tube 1a: main body 1a1: Air hole 1a2: Air hole 1a3: Air hole 1a4: Air hole 1b: Bottom plate 1c: Conical body part 1d: opening 1e: Inclined pipe section 2: Premixing tube 2a: body part 2a1: Air hole 2a2: Air hole 2a3: Air holes 2a4: Air hole 2b: cover 2c: Continuous body part 2d: Opening 2e: Inclined pipe section 4: Premixing tube 4a: upper opening 11: Nozzle support tube 11a: Seals 100: Gas Turbine 101: Air intake 101a: Air intake deflector 102: Compressor 103: Burner 103a: Burner outer barrel 103b: Burner inner barrel 104: Turbo 105: Spindle 106: Exhaust pipe 110: Main fuel nozzle 111: Pilot fuel nozzle 112: top cover C: axis

圖1係顯示具備本發明之第一實施形態之結構之燃氣渦輪之預混合管之概略之立體圖。 圖2係圖1所示之燃氣渦輪之預混合管之前視圖。 圖3係沿圖2之3-3線切斷而顯示之剖視圖。 圖4係圖1所示之燃氣渦輪之預混合管之俯視圖。 圖5係將圖1所示之燃氣渦輪之預混合管於與軸正交之面切斷而顯示之剖視圖，(A)係圖2之5A-5A線剖視圖，(B)係5B-5B線剖視圖，(C)係5C-5C線剖視圖，(D)係5D-5D線剖視圖。 圖6係圖1所示之燃氣渦輪之預混合管之本體部之展開圖。 圖7係具備本發明之第二實施形態之結構之燃氣渦輪之預混合管之立體圖。 圖8係圖7所示之燃氣渦輪之預混合管之前視圖。 圖9係沿圖7之9-9線而顯示之剖視圖。 圖10係說明具備本發明之結構之燃氣渦輪之預混合管之空氣之引入狀態的圖，且於沿軸之面切斷而顯示之剖視圖。 圖11係說明安裝具備本發明之結構之預混合管之燃氣渦輪之概略剖視圖。 圖12係顯示於軸向引入空氣之結構之預混合管之圖，且係相當於圖10之剖視圖。FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing a premixing pipe of a gas turbine having the structure of the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a front view of the premixing tube of the gas turbine shown in FIG. 1 . FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 3-3 of FIG. 2 and shown. FIG. 4 is a top view of the premixing tube of the gas turbine shown in FIG. 1 . Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the premixing pipe of the gas turbine shown in Fig. 1 cut at a plane perpendicular to the axis, (A) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 5A-5A in Fig. 2, (B) is a 5B-5B line Line sectional view, (C) is a 5C-5C line sectional view, (D) is a 5D-5D line sectional view. FIG. 6 is a developed view of the main body of the premixing tube of the gas turbine shown in FIG. 1 . Fig. 7 is a perspective view of a premixing pipe of a gas turbine having a structure according to a second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a front view of the premixer tube of the gas turbine shown in FIG. 7 . FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 9-9 of FIG. 7. FIG. Fig. 10 is a view illustrating a state of introduction of air into a premixing pipe of a gas turbine having the structure of the present invention, and is a cross-sectional view cut along a plane along the axis. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a gas turbine in which a premixing tube having the structure of the present invention is installed. FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a premixing tube of a structure in which air is introduced in the axial direction, and is a cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 10 .

1:預混合管 1: Pre-mixing tube

1a:本體部 1a: main body

1a1:空氣孔 1a1: Air hole

1a2:空氣孔 1a2: Air hole

1a3:空氣孔 1a3: Air hole

1a4:空氣孔 1a4: Air hole

1c:圓錐形本體部 1c: Conical body part

1d:開口 1d: opening

1e:傾斜管部 1e: Inclined pipe section

Claims (5)

一種燃氣渦輪之預混合管結構，其特徵為： 其係於燃燒器內筒之中央部配置先導燃料用噴嘴，於該先導燃料用噴嘴之周圍配置複數根主燃料用噴嘴，將該主燃料用噴嘴保持於基端部，將使自該主燃料用噴嘴噴射之主燃料與空氣混合之混合氣體自前端部向燃燒器內筒噴射之筒狀之預混合管，且， 於周壁周向排列有使內外連通而引入空氣之複數個空氣孔，且該空氣孔於軸向配置有複數行。A premixing tube structure for a gas turbine, characterized by: A pilot fuel nozzle is arranged in the center of the inner cylinder of the burner, and a plurality of main fuel nozzles are arranged around the pilot fuel nozzle. A cylindrical premixing tube that is sprayed from the front end of the main fuel and air mixed with the nozzle to the inner cylinder of the burner, and, A plurality of air holes for connecting the inside and outside and introducing air are arranged in the circumferential direction of the peripheral wall, and the air holes are arranged in a plurality of rows in the axial direction. 如請求項1之燃氣渦輪之預混合管結構，其中 上述空氣孔以錯開狀排列。The premixing pipe structure of the gas turbine as claimed in claim 1, wherein The air holes are arranged in a staggered manner. 如請求項1或2之燃氣渦輪之預混合管結構，其中 上述空氣孔在基端部側於周向配置之數量，多於在前端部側於周向配置之數量。The premixing pipe structure of the gas turbine as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein The number of the air holes arranged in the circumferential direction on the base end portion side is greater than the number arranged in the circumferential direction on the front end portion side. 如請求項1至3中任一項之燃氣渦輪之預混合管結構，其中 上述空氣孔之開口面積在基端部側設為較大，在前端部側設為較小。The premixing tube structure of a gas turbine as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein The opening area of the air hole is set to be large on the side of the base end portion, and set to be small on the side of the distal end portion. 如請求項1至4中任一項之燃氣渦輪之預混合管結構，其中 與筒狀之軸正交之面之開口面積，係前端部側之開口面積小於自基端部側至本體部之開口面積。The premixing tube structure of a gas turbine as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein The opening area of the surface orthogonal to the axis of the cylindrical shape is smaller than the opening area on the front end side from the base end side to the main body.
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