TW202026255A - 利用熔渣乾化無機污泥的方法、滾筒法直接乾化無機污泥的方法及裝置 - Google Patents
利用熔渣乾化無機污泥的方法、滾筒法直接乾化無機污泥的方法及裝置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一種滾筒法直接乾化無機污泥的方法及裝置,此方法包括如下步驟:1)滾筒渣、泥混合乾化,熔渣和污泥分別以比例被送進滾筒,在滾筒和鋼球滾動的作用下完成混合、熱交換、脫水、冷卻和破碎,熔渣和污泥分別實現冷卻、破碎和乾化並直接排出;2)渣泥分離,採用篩選、旋風分離結合方式,實現鋼渣和乾污泥分離;3)廢氣處理,採用濕法鹼洗、活性碳吸附方法,將乾化污泥所產生的廢氣中存在粉塵、硫化物、有機化合物處理後排放;4)廢泥處理,熔渣和污泥在滾筒法處理過程中產生蒸氣和粉塵,粉塵由蒸氣攜帶進入廢氣處理裝置中,粉塵經濕法洗滌或噴淋後聚集,然後經由輸送設備送入廢泥混配裝置中,與原始污泥混合攪拌後,送入滾筒進行乾化處理,進而實現未乾化污泥零排放。
Description
本發明係有關於固體廢棄物處理/污泥乾化技術,特別係有關於一種滾筒法直接乾化無機污泥的方法及裝置。
隨著經濟發展和城市人口的迅速增長,工業和城市污水的處理率不斷提高,汙水處理廠的污泥數量與日俱增,污泥處置技術相對落後,污泥圍城的現象越來越嚴重,污泥乾化是實現污泥無害化、減量化和資源化的必要環節。從汙水處理廠出來的污泥經過機械脫水後,含水率一般在75%-85%之間,如果將污泥的含水率降到20%以下,一般的污泥乾化技術通常是採用電加熱或蒸氣加熱的方式,需要消耗大量能源,導致污泥乾化成本高。
現有污泥乾化技術中,CN200510048978.6利用鍋爐餘熱;CN200510049554.1和CN200510049556.0利用電廠煙氣餘熱;CN200410052759.0則揭露一種回流式可控溫污泥乾化裝置與方法,利用粒徑大於4毫米的乾化污泥回流與濕污泥混合,利用鋼絲網將污泥切割成較小的塊體後進入回轉窯,可提高後續熱風烘乾的效率,但含水率過高的污泥是無法實現的。CN03155966.2揭露的採用負壓密閉方式,在切斷了污泥處理過程中所產生的各種病毒向外傳播與蔓延管道的同時,也可避免系統在移動過程中系統空間的污染空氣及所帶的病毒向外界洩漏傳播,但由於所有製程裝置均集中在移動設備中,其處理能力必定相對較低,無法實現連續化作業。
同時,我國作為鋼鐵大國,年產鋼接近10億噸,每年產生的鋼鐵渣超過2億噸,每噸爐渣潛藏的熱能相當於60公斤標準煤(Standard Coal),由於爐渣是熱的不良導體,爐渣的餘熱回收進展緩慢,大量熱能白白浪費。
為了解決傳統污泥乾化成本高從而影響污泥處置,而鋼鐵渣餘熱又無法有效利用的難題,本發明提出了利用冶金熔渣餘熱乾化污泥的製程程序和實施方法。
本發明的目的在於提供一種滾筒法直接乾化無機污泥的方法及裝置,利用熱態渣滾筒法處理技術,將熔渣與污泥以一定比例混合,進而實現一次解決熔渣冷卻粒化和無機污泥乾化兩個難題。
為達到上述目的,本發明的技術方案是:
一種利用熔渣乾化無機污泥的方法,其包括如下步驟:混合熔渣與污泥,待污泥含水量降低到3%~15%後,分離鋼渣和乾污泥。
較佳地,熔渣與污泥的混合重量比為1.5~3。
較佳地,採用批式(batch)、饋料批式(fed-batch)或半饋料批式方式進行混合和乾燥。
較佳地,採用篩選和旋風分離相結合的方式,實現鋼渣和乾污泥的分離。進一步較佳地,採用篩選方式分離鋼渣和乾污泥,篩網目數不小於60目。
較佳地,所述方法還包括廢氣處理和廢泥處理步驟。進一步較佳地,廢氣處理包括,採用濕法鹼洗和/或活性碳吸附方法,將乾化污泥所產生的廢氣中存在的粉塵、硫化物處理後排放;廢泥處理包括,將所產生的粉塵經濕法洗滌或噴淋後聚集,與待乾化污泥混合攪拌後與熔渣混合進行乾化處理。
較佳地,在容納有鋼球的滾筒中進行熔渣與污泥的混合。
較佳地,所述方法包括,熔渣和污泥分別由相應的輸送裝置輸送入容納有鋼球的滾筒中,待污泥含水量降低到3%~15%後,鋼渣和乾污泥的混合物由位於滾筒出口端的渣泥輸送裝置輸送到渣泥分離裝置,進行鋼渣與乾污泥的分離;乾化污泥過程中所產生的廢氣中存在的粉塵、硫化物由滾筒出口進入廢氣處理裝置,處理後排放;廢氣處理分離出的粉塵經由廢氣處理裝置的塵泥出口進入廢泥混配裝置,與待乾化的污泥混合後經由泥漿輸送管道輸入所述滾筒內。
較佳地,無機污泥原始含水率為70%~99%,採用饋料批式或半饋料批式的方式添加熔渣和無機污泥,無機污泥的處理量為10噸/小時(t/h)~80噸/小時,熔渣的處理量為30噸/小時~120噸/小時。
較佳地,混合、乾化後的渣泥的溫度在100~130℃的範圍內。
較佳地,廢泥含水率與待乾化無機污泥的含水率偏差不超過±5%。
更提供一種滾筒法直接乾化無機污泥的方法,其包括如下步驟:
1) 滾筒渣泥混合乾化
熔渣和污泥分別由各自的輸送裝置以一定的重量比例被送進滾筒,熔渣、污泥在滾筒轉動和鋼球滾動的作用下完成混合、熱交換、脫水、冷卻和破碎,熔渣和污泥實現冷卻和乾化並直接排出;
無機污泥原始含水率為70%~99%,乾化後目標含水率為3%~15%;熔渣與無機污泥的渣泥流量比(以重量計)為1.5~3.0,可乾化無機污泥的量為10噸/小時~80噸/小時;
2) 渣泥分離
採用篩選和旋風分離相結合的方式,實現鋼渣和乾污泥的分離;
3) 廢氣處理
採用濕法鹼洗、活性碳吸附方法,將滾筒法乾化污泥所產生的廢氣中存在粉塵、硫化物處理後排放;
4) 廢泥處理
熔渣和污泥經過滾筒處理後產生蒸氣和粉塵,粉塵由蒸氣攜帶進入廢氣處理裝置中,粉塵經濕法洗滌或噴淋後聚集,然後經由輸送設備送入廢泥混配裝置中,與原始污泥混合攪拌後由污泥泵等輸送設備定期送入滾筒進行乾化處理,實現未乾化污泥零排放;經混合攪拌後的廢泥含水率與無機污泥原始含水率不應相差過大,這個含水率偏差不應超過±5%。
較佳的,步驟2)渣泥分離採用篩選方式,篩網目數不小於60目。
本發明所述的滾筒法直接乾化無機污泥的裝置包括:滾筒,其內容納數個鋼球;渣泥輸送裝置,其進口端對應所述滾筒的出口;渣泥分離裝置,其進口端對應所述渣泥輸送裝置的出口,其出口對應不同儲倉;廢氣處理裝置,其進氣口藉由輸送管道連接所述滾筒的出口;廢泥混配裝置,其進口藉由輸送管道連接所述廢氣處理裝置的塵泥出口;泥漿輸送管道,用於將廢泥混配裝置的出口連接至所述滾筒進口;污泥泵,設置在泥漿輸送管道上,用於將污泥泵送至滾筒。
較佳的,所述渣泥分離裝置採用篩選方式,篩網目數不小於60目。
本發明採用熱態渣滾筒製程,藉由熔渣進料裝置和污泥輸送系統分別將熔渣和無機污泥以一定比例同步地輸送至滾筒中,利用滾筒轉動充分混合渣和泥,渣泥經過質傳熱傳過程得到冷態粒渣和滿足含水率要求的乾化污泥。本發明裝置可實現熔渣粒化和污泥乾化的快速、穩定、連續化處理。
在本發明方法中:
(1)渣泥混合乾化製程
熔渣和污泥可分別由各自的輸送裝置以一定的重量比例輸送中合適的容器中。容器中可設有合適的攪拌裝置,以使熔渣和污泥充分攪拌和接觸。較佳地,容器自身可在外部動力的帶動下發生轉動。
較佳地,容器是滾筒,其中裝有一定尺寸、一定數量的鋼球。熔渣、污泥在滾筒轉動和鋼球滾動的作用下完成混合、熱交換、脫水、冷卻和破碎等物理過程,進而實現熔渣冷卻、粒化和滿足污泥目標含水率的污泥直接乾化過程。
在整個乾化過程中,熔渣和污泥經過幾分鐘的時間快速實現冷卻和乾化並直接排出。
通常,容器中熔渣和污泥的重量比為1.5~3。若容器中渣泥重量比小於1.5,則現場需設置前置機械乾化製程將轉爐泥(OG泥)含水率控制到40%以下,這嚴重影響污泥乾化效率,無法實現連續生產,並且大幅增加設備投入,失去了滾筒污泥乾化製程的優勢。若熔渣和污泥的重量比超過3,渣泥的溫度將過高,如超過250℃,需補水以控制溫度,嚴重影響乾化污泥產量。
混合、乾化時,可採用批式、饋料批式或半饋料批式方式添加熔渣和污泥。批式時每次混合、乾化時,按照本發明所述的重量比在容器中加入熔渣和污泥,待完成乾化後,倒出渣泥混合物,在進行下一批次的混合和乾化。饋料批式指不停地向容器中以一定的流量加入熔渣和污泥,同時容器內完成混合、乾化的渣泥不停地向外排出。半饋料批式指熔渣和/或污泥的添加並不連續,而是根據容器內混合和乾化情況,間隔一段時間添加一定量的熔渣和/或污泥。
一般地,以饋料批式方式進行混合乾化時,熔渣進入滾筒的流量為30噸/小時~120噸/小時,可乾化無機污泥的流量為10噸/小時~80噸/小時,熔渣與無機污泥的渣泥流量比為1.5~3.0。
一般地,無機污泥原始含水率(未經任何方式乾化)為70%~99%,乾化後目標含水率為3%~15%。
(2)渣泥分離製程
經過冷卻和乾化後的渣、泥是充分混合在一起的,需要進行渣、泥分離以利於後續資源化利用。一般地,鋼渣和乾化污泥在物理特性上是有較為明顯區別的,主要反映在密度和粒徑等方面有所差異,因此本發明採用篩選和旋風分離相結合的方式,實現鋼渣和乾污泥的分離。鑒於鋼渣與乾污泥粒徑存在數量級的差距,本發明優選採用篩選方式,篩網目數不小於60目,一般地篩網目數為80~100目。
(3)廢氣處理製程
滾筒法乾化污泥所產生的廢氣中存在粉塵、硫化物等對環境有所危害的物質,需經過環保處理才能排放。其廢氣處理製程包括濕法鹼洗、活性碳吸附,以實現環保排放。
(4)廢泥處理製程
熔渣和污泥經過滾筒處理後會產生大量的蒸氣和粉塵,粉塵由蒸氣攜帶進入廢氣處理裝置中。粉塵在廢氣處理裝置中經濕法洗滌或噴淋後聚集,然後經由污泥泵等輸送設備送入廢泥混配裝置中,與原始污泥混合攪拌,由污泥泵等輸送設備定期送入滾筒進行乾化處理,進而實現未乾化污泥零排放。經混合攪拌後的廢泥含水率與原始污泥含水率不應相差過大,以免影響後續污泥輸送、乾化的效率。一般地,這個含水率偏差不應超過±5%。
本發明的有益效果:
與現有利用電廠等廢氣熱源乾化污泥技術相比,本發明可根據不同需求(目標含水率),高效率地利用了熔渣的高熱量,實現了快速、穩定、連續的無機污泥直接乾化、渣泥分離,有利於粒渣和泥粉後續資源化利用,提升了乾污泥的附加值。本發明在製程裝備實現方面,利用處理熱態鋼渣的滾筒技術,結構簡單,易操作。
參見第1圖,本發明一種滾筒法直接乾化無機污泥的方法,其包括如下步驟:
1) 滾筒法渣、泥混合乾化
熔渣和污泥分別由各自的輸送裝置以一定的比例被送進滾筒,熔渣、污泥在滾筒轉動和鋼球滾動的作用下完成混合、熱交換、脫水、冷卻和破碎,熔渣和污泥實現冷卻和乾化並直接排出;無機污泥原始含水率為70%~99%,乾化後目標含水率為3%~15%;熔渣與無機污泥的渣泥流量比為1.5~3.0,可乾化無機污泥的重量為10噸/小時~80噸/小時。
2) 渣泥分離
採用篩選和旋風分離相結合的方式,實現鋼渣和乾污泥的分離。
3) 廢氣處理
採用濕法鹼洗、活性碳吸附方法,將滾筒法乾化污泥所產生的廢氣中存在粉塵、硫化物、有機化合物處理後排放。
4) 廢泥處理
熔渣和污泥在滾筒處理過程中會產生蒸氣和粉塵,粉塵由蒸氣攜帶進入廢氣處理裝置中,粉塵經濕法洗滌或噴淋後聚集,然後經由輸送設備送入廢泥混配裝置中,與原始污泥混合攪拌,由污泥泵等輸送設備定期、定量送入滾筒裝置進行乾化處理,進而實現未乾化污泥零排放;經混合攪拌後的廢泥含水率與原始污泥含水率不應相差過大,偏差不應超過±5%。
較佳的,步驟2)渣泥分離採用篩選方式,篩網目數不小於60目。
參見第2圖,本發明所述的滾筒法直接乾化無機污泥的裝置,其包括:滾筒1,其內容納數個鋼球;渣泥輸送裝置2,其進口端對應所述滾筒1的出口;渣泥分離裝置3,其進口端對應所述渣泥輸送裝置2的出口,其出口對應不同儲倉;廢氣處理裝置4,其進氣口藉由輸送管道連接所述滾筒1的出口;廢泥混配裝置5,其進口藉由輸送管道連接所述廢氣處理裝置4的塵泥出口;廢泥混配裝置5出口藉由泥漿輸送管道及污泥泵連接至所述滾筒1進口。
較佳的,所述渣泥分離裝置採用篩選方式,篩網目數不小於60目。
本發明採用熱態渣滾筒法處理製程,藉由熔渣進料裝置和污泥輸送系統分別將熔渣和無機污泥以一定比例同步地輸送至滾筒中,利用滾筒轉動充分混合渣和泥,渣泥經過質傳熱傳過程得到冷態粒渣和滿足含水率要求的乾化污泥。本發明裝置可實現熔渣粒化和污泥乾化的快速、穩定、低成本處理。
工作過程如下:
冶金熔渣100首先由熔渣渣包被連續地送進轉動的滾筒1,同時無機污泥由產生地經污泥輸送裝置以設定的流量被送進滾筒1,在滾筒1中的鋼球和筒體共同作用下,熔渣和含水污泥充分混合,經過熱傳、質傳過程後,熔渣得到粒化,污泥完成脫水,然後渣泥200經由密封的渣泥輸送裝置2送入渣泥分離裝置3進行處理,分離後的物料根據成分和分類進入不同儲倉;在滾筒乾化污泥過程中產生的廢氣由廢氣處理裝置4處理淨化後達標排放;廢氣處理裝置4所產生的廢泥經污泥輸送泵打入廢泥混配裝置5入口,與污泥源產生的泥漿混合,經攪拌器攪拌均勻後以規定濃度由污泥泵打入泥漿輸送管道,送入滾筒1中。
實施例一:
某鋼廠滾筒法鋼渣粒化和轉爐泥乾化綜合處理製程,單台滾筒裝置每年處理高溫鋼渣18萬噸,在處理鋼渣的過程中,將含水率80%的轉爐泥漿泵入滾筒裝置內,利用轉爐泥漿的水分冷卻高溫鋼渣,同時利用鋼渣的顯熱乾化污泥;設定污泥目標含水率為3%,渣/泥進入滾筒的流量比為1.9:1.0,每年可乾化轉爐泥9.5萬噸。經過滾筒冷卻、脫水等快速處理後的渣泥(100-130℃)被輸送裝置直接送入渣泥分離裝置,污泥被乾化到含水率3%左右,整個過程僅需要5分鐘(min);充分熱交換後的滾筒鋼渣和乾化污泥從渣泥分離裝置下部連續放出,經過篩選甚至旋風分離後的粒渣和泥粉分別送入不同儲倉,等待卡車送至使用者使用。
實施例二:
在處理鋼渣的過程中,將含水率70%的轉爐泥漿泵入滾筒裝置內,利用轉爐泥漿的水分冷卻高溫鋼渣,同時利用鋼渣的顯熱乾化污泥;設定污泥目標含水率為15%,渣/泥進入滾筒的流量比為1.5:1.0。經過滾筒冷卻、脫水等快速處理後的渣泥(100-130℃)被輸送裝置直接送入渣泥分離裝置,污泥被乾化到含水率3%左右,整個過程需要5分鐘;充分熱交換後的滾筒鋼渣和乾化污泥從渣泥分離裝置下部連續放出,經過篩選甚至旋風分離後的粒渣和泥粉分別送入不同儲倉,等待卡車送至使用者使用。
實施例三:
在處理鋼渣的過程中,將含水率95%的轉爐泥漿泵入滾筒裝置內,利用轉爐泥漿的水分冷卻高溫鋼渣,同時利用鋼渣的顯熱乾化污泥;設定污泥目標含水率為3%,渣/泥進入滾筒的流量比為3.0:1.0。經過滾筒冷卻、脫水等快速處理後的渣泥(100-130℃)被輸送裝置直接送入渣泥分離裝置,污泥被乾化到含水率3%左右,整個過程需要5分鐘;充分熱交換後的滾筒鋼渣和乾化污泥從渣泥分離裝置下部連續放出,經過篩選甚至旋風分離後的粒渣和泥粉分別送入不同儲倉,等待卡車送至使用者使用。
實施例四:
在處理鋼渣的過程中,採用批式加料的模式,將含水率80%的轉爐泥漿泵入滾筒裝置內,利用轉爐泥漿的水分冷卻高溫鋼渣,同時利用鋼渣的顯熱乾化污泥;設定污泥目標含水率為3%,滾筒內的渣/泥重量比為1.9:1.0。經過滾筒冷卻、脫水等快速處理後的渣泥(100-130℃)被輸送裝置直接送入渣泥分離裝置,污泥被乾化到含水率3%左右,整個過程僅需要5分鐘;充分熱交換後的滾筒鋼渣和乾化污泥從渣泥分離裝置下部放出,經過篩選甚至旋風分離後的粒渣和泥粉分別送入不同儲倉,等待卡車送至使用者使用。
1:滾筒
2:渣泥輸送裝置
3:渣泥分離裝置
4:廢氣處理裝置
5:廢泥混配裝置
100:冶金熔渣
200:渣泥
第1圖為本發明滾筒法無機污泥乾化製程的流程圖。
第2圖為本發明滾筒法無機污泥乾化裝置的結構示意圖。
1:滾筒
2:渣泥輸送裝置
3:渣泥分離裝置
4:廢氣處理裝置
5:廢泥混配裝置
100:冶金熔渣
200:渣泥
Claims (13)
- 一種利用熔渣乾化無機污泥的方法,其特徵是,包括如下步驟:混合熔渣與污泥,待該污泥含水量降低到3%~15%後,分離鋼渣和乾污泥。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的利用熔渣乾化無機污泥的方法,其中該熔渣與該污泥的混合重量比為1.5~3。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的利用熔渣乾化無機污泥的方法,其中採用篩選和旋風分離相結合的方式,實現該鋼渣和該乾污泥的分離。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的利用熔渣乾化無機污泥的方法,更包括廢氣處理和廢泥處理步驟。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項所述的利用熔渣乾化無機污泥的方法,其中 該廢氣處理之該步驟包括,採用濕法鹼洗和/或活性碳吸附方法,將乾化污泥所產生的廢氣中存在的粉塵、硫化物和有機化合物處理後排放; 該廢泥處理之該步驟包括,將所產生的該粉塵經濕法洗滌或噴淋後聚集,與待乾化的該污泥混合攪拌後,與該熔渣混合進行乾化處理。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的利用熔渣乾化無機污泥的方法,其中在容納有複數個鋼球的滾筒中進行該熔渣與該污泥的混合。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述的利用熔渣乾化無機污泥的方法,更包括,該熔渣和該污泥分別由相應的輸送裝置輸送入容納有該等鋼球的該滾筒中,待該污泥含水率降低到3%~15%後,該鋼渣和該乾污泥的混合物由位於滾筒出口端的渣泥輸送裝置輸送到渣泥分離裝置,進行該鋼渣與該乾污泥的分離;乾化污泥過程中所產生的廢氣中存在的粉塵、硫化物和有機化合物由該滾筒出口進入廢氣處理裝置,處理後達標排放;廢氣處理過程中分離出來的該粉塵經由該廢氣處理裝置的塵泥出口進入廢泥混配裝置,與待乾化的該污泥混合後經由泥漿輸送管道輸入至該滾筒內。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項所述的利用熔渣乾化無機污泥的方法,其中該渣泥分離裝置採用篩選方式,篩網目數不小於60目。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的利用熔渣乾化無機污泥的方法,其中以批式、饋料批式或半饋料批式方式進行混合和乾化。
- 一種滾筒法直接乾化無機污泥的方法,其中包括如下步驟: 1) 滾筒渣泥混合乾化 熔渣和污泥分別由各自的輸送裝置以一定的流量比例被送進滾筒,該熔渣、該污泥在該滾筒轉動和複數個鋼球滾動的作用下完成混合、熱交換、脫水、冷卻和破碎,該熔渣和該污泥實現冷卻和乾化並直接排出;其中,該無機污泥原始含水率為70%~99%,乾化後目標含水率為3%~15%;該熔渣與該無機污泥的渣泥流量比為1.5~3.0,該無機污泥的流量為10噸/小時~80噸/小時; 2) 渣泥分離 採用篩選和旋風分離相結合的方式,實現鋼渣和乾污泥的分離; 3) 廢氣處理 採用濕法鹼洗、活性碳吸附方法,將滾筒法乾化污泥所產生的廢氣中存在粉塵、硫化物、有機化合物處理後排放; 4) 廢泥處理 廢氣處理過程中產生的該粉塵經濕法洗滌或噴淋後聚集,然後經由輸送設備送入廢泥混配裝置中,與該原始污泥混合攪拌後,由污泥泵定期送入該滾筒進行乾化處理;經混合攪拌後的廢泥含水率與原始污泥含水率偏差不超過±5%。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項所述的滾筒法直接乾化無機污泥的方法,其中步驟2)渣泥分離採用篩選方式,篩網目數不小於60目。
- 一種用於滾筒法直接乾化無機污泥的裝置,其特徵在於,包括: 滾筒,其容納複數個鋼球; 渣泥輸送裝置,其進口端對應該滾筒的出口; 渣泥分離裝置,其進口端對應該渣泥輸送裝置的該出口,該出口對應不同儲倉; 廢氣處理裝置,其進氣口藉由輸送管道連接該滾筒的該出口; 廢泥混配裝置,其進口藉由輸送管道連接該廢氣處理裝置的塵泥出口; 泥漿輸送管道,用於連接該廢泥混配裝置的出口與該滾筒的進口; 污泥泵,設置在該泥漿輸送管道上,用於將污泥泵送至該滾筒。
- 如申請專利範圍第12項所述的用於滾筒法直接乾化無機污泥的裝置,其中該渣泥分離裝置採用篩選方式,篩網目數不小於60目。
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