TW202000866A - 液晶組合物及其應用 - Google Patents
液晶組合物及其應用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本發明涉及一種液晶組合物,特別是包含正性介電各向異性之極性化合物的液晶組合物。該液晶組合物包含:一種或多種式Ⅰ所示的極性化合物、一種或多種式II所示的極性化合物、一種或多種式III所示的化合物;及一種或多種式IV所示的化合物。其中,式I、式II、式III、式IV的結構如下。本發明的液晶組合物可以提高穿透率,而能顯著提高對比度,特別適用於低盒厚,高顯示品質畫面的主動式矩陣IPS-TFT、FFS-TFT的液晶顯示元件和液晶顯示器。
Description
本發明是有關於一種液晶組合物及其應用,特別是指一種該液晶組合物在液晶顯示器領域的應用。
液晶現在已經被廣泛地應用到計算機、筆記本電腦的顯示螢幕、液晶電視等。用液晶製作顯示材料的基本原理是:隨著電場強度的變化液晶分子會做有規律的90度旋轉,從而改變了透光度,液晶會從無序透明變為有序非透明,會產生明暗的變化,可以依據此原理控制圖像上的每個像素的明暗,從而構成所需的圖像。
液晶的顯示方式並不相同,大概可分為薄膜晶體管液晶顯示(TFT-LCD)、膽甾(cholesterol)向列相變液晶顯示(CH-N)、超扭曲向列液晶顯示(STN-LCD)、賓主型液晶顯示(GH-LCD)、扭曲向列液晶顯示(TN-LCD)、聚合物散射型液晶顯示(PDLC)、鐵電液晶顯示(FLCD)。如果單單用TN型液晶,則顯示器只有黑白兩種顏色,STN顯示器主要是以橘黃色和淡綠色為主,為此需要給它加一層帶有彩色的濾光片;當通過濾光片時會顯示出三原色,三原色經過一定的比例顯示就能顯示出彩色圖像。TFT則在其背面設置了薄膜晶體管,它的作用是控制螢幕上各個獨立的像素,這種控制會顯著提高圖像顯示的流暢度,對比度也會更加的明顯,同時因為它具備較高的電壓保持率、低折射率、低黏度等特徵,即使在光線較強的條件下依然顯示清晰 (通常稱為真彩色),所以TFT-LCD是市場上常見的顯示器。
目前市場上有各種不同的顯示模式,比較具有競爭力的顯示模式主要有,平面內切換(in-plane switching,IPS)邊緣場切換(fringe-field switching,FFS),和垂直排列(vertical alignment,VA)等顯示模式。在這些顯示模式中,平面內切換(IPS)和邊緣場切換(FFS)都具有寬視角的特點。當正性液晶用於IPS/FFS顯示模式時可以獲得快速響應,並且有良好的可靠性;而負性液晶用於IPS/FFS顯示模式時可以獲得更高的透過率,但是由於負性液晶黏度比較大,所以響應速度較慢。
針對目前的寬視角顯示模式IPS平面內切換及邊緣場切換,在這兩種模式中,正性液晶和負性液晶在光透過率上的差異,主要顯現在像素電極間隔中心的液晶的透過率效率上。因為在像素電極間隔中心,正性液晶分子轉動的彈性力量比負性液晶分子轉動的彈性力量為弱。如果正性液晶要獲得相同的光利用效率,△nd值要比負性液晶的大。所以針對以上兩種模式,之前的解決方案是從液晶角度提高穿透率,例如在正性液晶中添加負性液晶組分。
負性液晶化合物由於在合成方法和處理工藝上與正性液晶不同,通常負性液晶化合物在經過UV照射後,電壓保持率和電阻率均會有較大幅度的降低,即負性液晶化合物相較於正性液晶組合物而言具有較差的紫外光穩定性。除此之外,負性液晶化合物通常較正性液晶化合物具有較大的旋轉黏度,不利於加速響應時間。
本發明對以上幾點不足進行了綜合性解決。在正性液晶分子結構上引入負性極性基團,既提高了穿透率,同時具備快的響應時間,紫外光穩定性良好,從而提高液晶顯示器的對比度。
針對上述現有技術的不足,因此,本發明之第一目的,即在提供一種可提高對比度的液晶組合物。
於是,本發明液晶組合物,包含: 一種或多種式I所示的極性化合物: [式I]; 一種或多種式II所示的極性化合物: [式II]; 一種或多種式III所示的化合物: [式III]; 一種或多種式IV所示的化合物: [式IV]; 其中,R1
、R2
、R3
、R4
、R5
各自獨立的表示H原子、含有1~7個碳原子的烷基、含有1~6個碳原子的烷氧基、含有2~7個碳原子的鏈烯基、或含有3~5個碳原子的鏈烯氧基,上述的烷基、烷氧基、鏈烯基及鏈烯氧基的任意H原子可選擇地被F原子取代;、及各自獨立地表示、、或;、及各自獨立地表示下列基團所構成群組中的一種或多種:、、及; L1
、L2
各自獨立地分別表示H或F原子; X1
、X2
各自獨立地表示F、Cl、碳原子數為1-6的烷基、碳原子數為1-6的鹵代烷基、碳原子數為2-6的烯烴基、碳原子數為2-6的鹵代烯烴基、碳原子數為1-6的鹵代烷氧基或碳原子數為2-6的鹵代烯氧基; m表示0或1;n表示0、1或2,當n表示2時,兩個可為相同或不同; 其條件是當n表示0,及不可同時為。
本發明的第二目的,即在提供一種包含上述液晶組合物的電光學液晶顯示器。
本發明的第三目的,即在提供一種如上述液晶組合物在液晶顯示領域的應用。
本發明之功效在於:本發明通過對各種液晶化合物的優化組合及優選配比,並通過對單體結構的改變,即在單晶化合物的結構中合理的引入功能性基團,如式Ⅰ所示的化合物在第二個環結構的2位上的氫原子被F原子取代,增大了垂直於分子長軸方向的介電各向異性,因此含有此結構的液晶介質可以提高穿透率,並可顯著地提高對比度。另一方面,通過對各種液晶組合物的優化組合及優選配比,經過測試,達到了適當高清亮點、適當雙折射各向異性、高介電各向異性、低的旋轉粘度、快的響應速度的作用,特別適用於低盒厚,高顯示品質畫面的主動式矩陣IPS-TFT、FFS-TFT的液晶顯示元件和液晶顯示器。
以下就本發明內容進行詳細說明:
較佳地,該式I所示的極性化合物是選自於由I-1至I-13所構成之群組: [I-1]; [I-2]; [I-3]; [I-4]; [I-5]; [I-6]; [I-7]; [I-8]; [I-9]; [I-10]; [I-11]; [I-12];及 [I-13]。
較佳地,該式IV所示的化合物是選自於由IV-1至IV-21所構成之群組: [IV-1]; [IV-2]; [IV-3]; [IV-4]; [IV-5]; [IV-6]; [IV-7]; [IV-8]; [IV-9]; [IV-10]; [IV-11]; [IV-12]; [IV-13]; [IV-14]; [IV-15]; [IV-16]; [IV-17]; [IV-18]; [IV-19]; [IV-20];及 [IV-21]。
較佳地,以該液晶組合物的總重量為100 wt%,該式I所示的極性化合物的用量範圍為1~20 wt%、該式II所示的極性化合物的用量範圍為1~30 wt%、該式III所示的化合物的用量範圍為1~70 wt%及該式IV所示的化合物的用量範圍為1~60 wt%。
本發明還提供一種電光學液晶顯示器,包括上述任一種液晶組合物。若應用於IPS-TFT、FFS-TFT中,則不需要添加旋光性物質;若應用於TN-TFT或無源驅動顯示中,則需添加0~1%的式Ⅰ至式IⅤ所示的化合物的質量之和的旋光性物質。還可以額外地包含一種或多種UV穩定劑,摻雜劑和/或抗氧化劑作為添加劑。
本發明還提供一種如上述任一種液晶組合物在液晶顯示領域的應用。
本發明將就以下實施例作進一步說明,但應瞭解的是,該實施例僅為例示說明之用,而不應被解釋為本發明實施之限制。
本發明的液晶組合物採用常規方法,將兩種或多種液晶化合物混合進行生產,如在高溫下混合不同組分並彼此溶解的方法製備,其中,將液晶組合物溶解在用於該液晶化合物的溶劑中並混合,然後在減壓下蒸餾出該溶劑;或者本發明的液晶組合物可按照常規的方法製備,如將其中含量較小的組分在較高的溫度下溶解在含量較大的主要組分中,或將各所屬組分在有機溶劑(如丙酮、氯仿或甲醇等)中溶解為溶液,然後將溶液混合後去除溶劑後得到。
本發明中的百分比為重量百分比(wt%),溫度為攝氏溫度(°C)。如無其他說明,其他符號的具體意義及測試條件如下: 1. Cp(°C)表示液晶的清亮點:利用一加熱器在顯微鏡下觀測液晶組合物由液晶相轉變為液態之溫度值。 2. S-N表示液晶的晶態到向列相的熔點(°C):將液晶組合物灌入一液晶盒中,再將此裝有液晶組合物的液晶盒放置於低溫冷凍櫃(溫度設定在-30°C或-40°C)中觀察其結晶狀況。 3. △n為光學各向異性,no為尋常光的折射率,ne為非尋常光的折射率,測試條件為,589nm的波長,25°C。測量儀器:阿貝折射儀。符合本發明後續應用的較佳△n範圍為0.065~0.200。 4. △ε為介電各向異性,△ε=ε∥-ε⊥,其中,ε∥為平行於分子軸的介電常數,ε⊥為垂直於分子軸的介電常數,測試條件為25°C;測量儀器為INSTEC: ALCT-IR1;將樣品放置於20微米平行盒中,未添加手性劑。符合本發明後續應用的較佳△ε範圍為2~11。 5. γ1旋轉粘度(mPa•s):測試條件為25±0.2°C。測量儀器為INSTEC: ALCT-IR1,將樣品放置於20微米平行盒中,未添加手性劑。當旋轉黏度越低,顯示響應速度越快、響應時間越短。符合本發明後續應用的較佳γ1旋轉粘度範圍為25~110 mPa•s。
本發明實施例中的液晶組合物採用業內普遍使用的熱溶解或震盪混合方法,首先用天平按重量百分比秤量液晶化合物,其中秤量加入順序無特定要求,通常以液晶化合物熔點由高到低的順序依次秤量混合,在60°C恆溫下加熱攪拌或在震盪機中震盪,使得各組分溶解均勻,再經吸附、微濾膜微濾、最後封裝即得目標樣品。
在以下的實施例中所採用的各成分,均可以通過公知的方法進行合成,或者通過商業途徑獲得。這些合成技術是常規的,所得到各液晶化合物經測試符合電子類化合物標準。
為便於表達,以下各實施例中,液晶化合物的基團結構用表1所列的代碼表示:
通過上述實施例1-實施例10可得出,本發明一方面通過對單體結構的改變,即在單晶化合物的結構中合理的引入多個功能性基團(在二氟甲氧基橋鍵前面的苯環2位上用F原子取代了H原子),增大了垂直於液晶長軸方向的介電各向異性,在IPS-TFT及FFS-TFT顯示模式中,較大幅度提高了透過率,且因為液晶組合物中不需要專門添加負的介電各向異性的單晶,因此液晶組合物穩定,且抗UV能力也有極大提高。另一方面,通過對各種液晶組合物的優化組合及優選配比,經過測試,可顯著提高對比度,特別適用於低盒厚,高顯示品質畫面的主動式矩陣IPS-TFT及FFS-TFT的液晶顯示元件和液晶顯示器。
惟以上所述者,僅為本發明之實施例而已,當不能以此限定本發明實施之範圍,凡是依本發明申請專利範圍及專利說明書內容所作之簡單的等效變化與修飾,皆仍屬本發明專利涵蓋之範圍內。
Claims (8)
- 一種液晶組合物,包含: 一種或多種式I所示的極性化合物: [式I]; 一種或多種式II所示的極性化合物: [式II]; 一種或多種式III所示的化合物: [式III]; 一種或多種式IV所示的化合物: [式IV]; 其中,R1 、R2 、R3 、R4 及R5 各自獨立地表示H原子、含有1~7個碳原子的烷基、含有1~6個碳原子的烷氧基、含有2~7個碳原子的鏈烯基、或含有3~5個碳原子的鏈烯氧基,上述的烷基、烷氧基、鏈烯基及鏈烯氧基的任意H原子可選擇地被F原子取代;、及各自獨立地表示、、或;、及各自獨立地表示下列基團所構成群組中的一種或多種:、、及; L1 、L2 各自獨立地分別表示H或F原子; X1 、X2 各自獨立地表示F、Cl、碳原子數為1-6的烷基、碳原子數為1-6的鹵代烷基、碳原子數為2-6的烯烴基、碳原子數為2-6的鹵代烯烴基、碳原子數為1-6的鹵代烷氧基或碳原子數為2-6的鹵代烯氧基; m表示0或1;n表示0、1或2,當n表示2時,兩個可為相同或不同; 其條件是當n表示0,及不可同時為。
- 如請求項1所述的液晶組合物,其中,以該液晶組合物的總重量為100wt%,該式I所示的極性化合物的用量範圍為1~20 wt%、該式II所示的極性化合物的用量範圍為1~30 wt%、該式III所示的化合物的用量範圍為1~70 wt%及該式IV所示的化合物的用量範圍為1~60 wt%。
- 一種電光學液晶顯示器,包含如請求項1至6中任一項所述的液晶組合物。
- 一種如請求項1至6中任一項所述的液晶組合物在液晶顯示領域的應用。
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