TW201635727A - Near-field communication tag and operation method thereof - Google Patents
Near-field communication tag and operation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本發明是有關於一種電子裝置，且特別是有關於一種近場通訊(near-field communication,NFC)標籤及其操作方法。 The present invention relates to an electronic device, and more particularly to a near-field communication (NFC) tag and method of operation thereof.
藉由採用振幅移位鍵控法(amplitude-shift-keying,ASK)來調變載波(carrier)，近場通訊讀取器(NFC reader)可以將資料傳送給近場通訊標籤(NFC Tag)。習知近場通訊標籤可以將近場通訊讀取器所發出的載波轉換為同步時脈，然後藉由使用此同步時脈來解碼近場通訊讀取器所發出的經調變載波。此同步時脈亦被用來作為習知近場通訊標籤的系統時脈。然而，在振幅移位鍵控法的調變率為100%的情況下，近場通訊讀取器所提供的載波在某些時間可能會消失(不輸出載波)。也就是說，有些時候近場通訊標籤可能會因為載波的消失而無法產生同步時脈。在某些時間可能會消失的同步時脈可能會造成習知近場通訊標籤的誤動作，以及/或是造成近場通訊讀取器與近場通訊標籤之間的接收與 傳送發生不同步問題。 By using amplitude-shift-keying (ASK) to modulate the carrier, the near-field communication reader (NFC reader) can transfer the data to the near-field communication tag (NFC Tag). The conventional near field communication tag can convert the carrier sent by the near field communication reader into a synchronous clock, and then decode the modulated carrier sent by the near field communication reader by using the synchronous clock. This synchronization clock is also used as the system clock for the conventional near field communication tag. However, in the case where the amplitude shift keying method has a modulation rate of 100%, the carrier provided by the near field communication reader may disappear at some time (the carrier is not output). In other words, sometimes the near field communication tag may not be able to generate a sync clock due to the disappearance of the carrier. Synchronous clocks that may disappear at certain times may cause malfunction of the conventional near field communication tag and/or cause reception between the near field communication reader and the near field communication tag. The transfer has an out of sync problem.
本發明提供一種近場通訊(near-field communication,NFC)標籤，採用非同步解碼電路完成接收端的訊號處理。 The invention provides a near-field communication (NFC) tag, which uses an asynchronous decoding circuit to complete signal processing at the receiving end.
本發明提供一種近場通訊標籤(NFC Tag)及其操作方法，採用時脈萃取器(clock extractor)而從近場通訊讀取器(NFC reader)所發出的載波(carrier)萃取出載波時脈。近場通訊標籤可以計數該載波時脈來決定接收期間與傳送期間之間的幀延遲時間(frame delay time)。 The invention provides a near field communication tag (NFC Tag) and an operation method thereof, and uses a clock extractor to extract a carrier clock from a carrier sent by a near field communication reader (NFC reader). . The near field communication tag can count the carrier clock to determine the frame delay time between the reception period and the transmission period.
本發明的實施例揭示一種近場通訊標籤，包括天線模組、本地時脈產生器以及接收電路。天線模組用以接收近場通訊讀取器所發出的載波。本地時脈產生器用以產生本地時脈，其中該本地時脈的頻率與相位無關於該近場通訊讀取器所發出的該載波的頻率與相位。接收電路耦接至天線模組與本地時脈產生器。接收電路用以解調變近場通訊讀取器所發出的載波而獲得經解調變信號，以及藉由使用本地時脈來取樣該經解調變信號。 Embodiments of the present invention disclose a near field communication tag including an antenna module, a local clock generator, and a receiving circuit. The antenna module is configured to receive a carrier transmitted by the near field communication reader. The local clock generator is configured to generate a local clock, wherein the frequency and phase of the local clock are independent of the frequency and phase of the carrier transmitted by the near field communication reader. The receiving circuit is coupled to the antenna module and the local clock generator. The receiving circuit is configured to demodulate the carrier transmitted by the variable near field communication reader to obtain a demodulated signal, and to sample the demodulated signal by using a local clock.
在本發明的一實施例中，該本地時脈產生器不具有鎖相迴路(Phase Lock Loop,PLL)。 In an embodiment of the invention, the local clock generator does not have a Phase Lock Loop (PLL).
在本發明的一實施例中，上述的近場通訊標籤更包括時脈萃取器以及傳送電路。時脈萃取器耦接至天線模組。時脈萃取器用以從近場通訊讀取器所發出的載波萃取出載波時脈。傳送電 路耦接至天線模組與時脈萃取器。傳送電路用以依據載波時脈與欲傳送資料而調變該載波，以便將欲傳送資料經由天線模組傳送給近場通訊讀取器。 In an embodiment of the invention, the near field communication tag further includes a clock extractor and a transmitting circuit. The clock extractor is coupled to the antenna module. The clock extractor is used to extract the carrier clock from the carrier sent by the near field communication reader. Transmission The circuit is coupled to the antenna module and the clock extractor. The transmitting circuit is configured to modulate the carrier according to the carrier clock and the data to be transmitted, so as to transmit the data to be transmitted to the near field communication reader via the antenna module.
在本發明的一實施例中，上述的接收電路於接收期間經由天線模組接收近場通訊讀取器所發出的載波。傳送電路於傳送期間調變載波以便經由天線模組傳送該欲傳送資料給近場通訊讀取器。該接收期間與該傳送期間之間存在一個幀延遲時間。 In an embodiment of the invention, the receiving circuit receives the carrier transmitted by the near field communication reader via the antenna module during reception. The transmitting circuit modulates the carrier during transmission to transmit the data to be transmitted to the near field communication reader via the antenna module. There is a frame delay time between the reception period and the transmission period.
在本發明的一實施例中，上述的近場通訊標籤計數該載波時脈來決定該幀延遲時間。 In an embodiment of the invention, the near field communication tag counts the carrier clock to determine the frame delay time.
本發明的實施例揭示一種近場通訊標籤包括天線模組、接收電路、傳送電路以及時脈萃取器。天線模組用以接收近場通訊讀取器所發出的載波。接收電路耦接至天線模組。接收電路用以於接收期間解調變近場通訊讀取器所發出的載波。傳送電路耦接至天線模組。傳送電路用以於傳送期間依照欲傳送資料而調變該載波，以便將欲傳送資料經由天線模組傳送給近場通訊讀取器。時脈萃取器耦接至天線模組。時脈萃取器用以從近場通訊讀取器所發出的載波萃取出載波時脈。其中，該接收期間與該傳送期間之間存在一個幀延遲時間，而近場通訊標籤計數該載波時脈來決定該幀延遲時間。 Embodiments of the present invention disclose a near field communication tag including an antenna module, a receiving circuit, a transmitting circuit, and a clock extractor. The antenna module is configured to receive a carrier transmitted by the near field communication reader. The receiving circuit is coupled to the antenna module. The receiving circuit is configured to demodulate the carrier transmitted by the near field communication reader during reception. The transmission circuit is coupled to the antenna module. The transmitting circuit is configured to modulate the carrier according to the data to be transmitted during the transmission, so as to transmit the data to be transmitted to the near field communication reader via the antenna module. The clock extractor is coupled to the antenna module. The clock extractor is used to extract the carrier clock from the carrier sent by the near field communication reader. There is a frame delay time between the receiving period and the transmitting period, and the near field communication tag counts the carrier clock to determine the frame delay time.
在本發明的一實施例中，上述的接收電路用以解調變近場通訊讀取器所發出的載波而獲得經解調變信號。接收電路藉由使用近場通訊標籤的本地時脈產生器所產生的本地時脈來取樣該 經解調變信號。 In an embodiment of the invention, the receiving circuit is configured to demodulate a carrier transmitted by the near field communication reader to obtain a demodulated signal. The receiving circuit samples the local clock generated by the local clock generator of the near field communication tag Demodulated to change the signal.
在本發明的一實施例中，上述的本地時脈的頻率與相位無關於近場通訊讀取器所發出的載波的頻率與相位。 In an embodiment of the invention, the frequency and phase of the local clock are independent of the frequency and phase of the carrier transmitted by the near field communication reader.
在本發明的一實施例中，上述的接收電路包括解調變器(demodulator)以及接收器(receiver)。解調變器耦接至天線模組。解調變器用以解調變近場通訊讀取器所發出的載波，而獲得經解調變信號。接收器耦接至解調變器，以接收該經解調變信號。接收器依據本地時脈取樣該經解調變信號而獲得多個取樣值，以及將這些取樣值提供給近場通訊標籤的基頻控制器(baseband controller)。 In an embodiment of the invention, the receiving circuit includes a demodulator and a receiver. The demodulator is coupled to the antenna module. The demodulator is used to demodulate the carrier transmitted by the near-field communication reader to obtain a demodulated signal. The receiver is coupled to the demodulator to receive the demodulated signal. The receiver samples the demodulated signal according to the local clock to obtain a plurality of sample values, and provides the sample values to a baseband controller of the near field communication tag.
在本發明的一實施例中，上述的基頻控制器的操作時脈為該本地時脈。 In an embodiment of the invention, the operating clock of the baseband controller is the local clock.
在本發明的一實施例中，上述的傳送電路依據該載波時脈與該欲傳送資料而調變載波，以便將該欲傳送資料經由天線模組傳送給近場通訊讀取器。 In an embodiment of the invention, the transmitting circuit modulates the carrier according to the carrier clock and the data to be transmitted, so as to transmit the data to be transmitted to the near field communication reader via the antenna module.
在本發明的一實施例中，上述的傳送電路包括傳送器(transmitter)以及調變器(modulator)。傳送器耦接至時脈萃取器以接收載波時脈。傳送器依據該載波時脈編碼該欲傳送資料而獲得經編碼信號。調變器耦接至天線模組與傳送器。調變器用以依照該經編碼信號調變載波，以便將該欲傳送資料經由天線模組傳送給近場通訊讀取器。 In an embodiment of the invention, the transmitting circuit includes a transmitter and a modulator. The transmitter is coupled to the clock extractor to receive the carrier clock. The transmitter obtains the encoded signal according to the carrier clock encoding the data to be transmitted. The modulator is coupled to the antenna module and the transmitter. The modulator is configured to modulate the carrier according to the encoded signal to transmit the data to be transmitted to the near field communication reader via the antenna module.
本發明的實施例揭示一種近場通訊標籤的操作方法，包 括：由天線模組接收近場通訊讀取器所發出的載波；由接收電路於接收期間解調變近場通訊讀取器所發出的載波；由時脈萃取器從近場通訊讀取器所發出的載波萃取出載波時脈；計數該載波時脈來決定一個幀延遲時間；以及由傳送電路於傳送期間依照欲傳送資料而調變該載波，以便將欲傳送資料經由天線模組傳送給近場通訊讀取器。其中，該接收期間與該傳送期間之間存在該幀延遲時間。 Embodiments of the present invention disclose a method for operating a near field communication tag, including Included: receiving, by the antenna module, a carrier transmitted by the near field communication reader; demodulating a carrier transmitted by the near field communication reader during reception by the receiving circuit; and using a clock extractor from the near field communication reader The generated carrier extracts a carrier clock; the carrier clock is counted to determine a frame delay time; and the carrier circuit modulates the carrier according to the data to be transmitted during transmission, so as to transmit the data to be transmitted to the antenna module via the antenna module Near field communication reader. Wherein, the frame delay time exists between the receiving period and the transmitting period.
在本發明的一實施例中，上述的接收電路用以解調變近場通訊讀取器所發出的載波而獲得經解調變信號。所述操作方法更包括：藉由使用近場通訊標籤的本地時脈產生器所產生的本地時脈來取樣該經解調變信號。 In an embodiment of the invention, the receiving circuit is configured to demodulate a carrier transmitted by the near field communication reader to obtain a demodulated signal. The method of operation further includes sampling the demodulated signal by using a local clock generated by a local clock generator of the near field communication tag.
在本發明的一實施例中，上述的本地時脈的頻率與相位無關於近場通訊讀取器所發出的載波的頻率與相位。 In an embodiment of the invention, the frequency and phase of the local clock are independent of the frequency and phase of the carrier transmitted by the near field communication reader.
在本發明的一實施例中，上述的傳送電路依據載波時脈與欲傳送資料而調變該載波，以便將欲傳送資料經由天線模組傳送給該近場通訊讀取器。 In an embodiment of the invention, the transmitting circuit modulates the carrier according to the carrier clock and the data to be transmitted, so as to transmit the data to be transmitted to the near field communication reader via the antenna module.
在本發明的一實施例中，上述的依照該欲傳送資料而調變該載波之步驟包括：由傳送器依據該載波時脈編碼欲傳送資料，以獲得經編碼信號；以及由調變器依照該經編碼信號調變該載波，以便將欲傳送資料經由天線模組傳送給近場通訊讀取器。 In an embodiment of the present invention, the step of modulating the carrier according to the data to be transmitted includes: transmitting, by the transmitter, the data to be transmitted according to the carrier clock to obtain an encoded signal; and The encoded signal modulates the carrier to transmit the data to be transmitted to the near field communication reader via the antenna module.
基於上述，一些實施例的近場通訊標籤的本地時脈產生器可以產生本地時脈，其中該本地時脈的頻率與相位無關於近場 通訊讀取器所發出的載波的頻率與相位。近場通訊標籤的接收電路可以藉由使用該本地時脈來解調變與取樣該近場通訊讀取器所發出的載波。因此，在一些實施例中的近場通訊標籤可以採用非同步解碼電路完成接收端的訊號處理。在另一些實施例中，近場通訊標籤及其操作方法可以採用時脈萃取器而從近場通訊讀取器所發出的載波萃取出載波時脈。近場通訊標籤可以計數該載波時脈來決定接收期間與傳送期間之間的幀延遲時間。 Based on the above, the local clock generator of the near field communication tag of some embodiments may generate a local clock, wherein the frequency and phase of the local clock are not related to the near field The frequency and phase of the carrier emitted by the communication reader. The receiving circuit of the near field communication tag can demodulate and sample the carrier transmitted by the near field communication reader by using the local clock. Therefore, the near field communication tag in some embodiments may perform signal processing at the receiving end using an asynchronous decoding circuit. In other embodiments, the near field communication tag and its method of operation may use a clock extractor to extract a carrier clock from a carrier transmitted by the near field communication reader. The near field communication tag can count the carrier clock to determine the frame delay time between the reception period and the transmission period.
為讓本發明的上述特徵和優點能更明顯易懂，下文特舉實施例，並配合所附圖式作詳細說明如下。 The above described features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description.
10‧‧‧近場通訊讀取器 10‧‧‧ Near Field Communication Reader
100‧‧‧近場通訊標籤 100‧‧‧ Near Field Communication Label
110‧‧‧天線模組 110‧‧‧Antenna module
120‧‧‧本地時脈產生器 120‧‧‧Local clock generator
130‧‧‧接收電路 130‧‧‧ receiving circuit
131‧‧‧解調變器 131‧‧‧Demodulation Transducer
132‧‧‧接收器 132‧‧‧ Receiver
140‧‧‧基頻控制器 140‧‧‧Base frequency controller
150‧‧‧時脈萃取器 150‧‧‧clock extractor
160‧‧‧傳送電路 160‧‧‧Transmission circuit
161‧‧‧傳送器 161‧‧‧transmitter
162‧‧‧調變器 162‧‧‧ modulator
CKC‧‧‧載波時脈 CKC‧‧‧ Carrier Clock
CKL‧‧‧本地時脈 CKL‧‧‧ local clock
Dcnt‧‧‧計數資料 Dcnt‧‧‧counting data
Dsam‧‧‧經取樣資料 Dsam‧‧‧sampled data
Dsen‧‧‧欲傳送資料 Dsen‧‧‧ wants to transmit information
FDT‧‧‧幀延遲時間 FDT‧‧‧ frame delay time
S210、S220、S230、S240、S250‧‧‧步驟 S210, S220, S230, S240, S250‧‧ steps
Sant‧‧‧經接收載波 Sant‧‧‧ received carrier
Sdem‧‧‧經解調變信號 Sdem‧‧‧ demodulated signal
Smod‧‧‧經編碼信號 Smod‧‧‧ coded signal
Trx‧‧‧接收期間 Trx‧‧‧ Receiving period
Ttx‧‧‧傳送期間 Ttx‧‧‧Transfer period
XX‧‧‧實數 XX‧‧‧ real number
YY‧‧‧門檻值 YY‧‧‧ threshold
圖1是依照本發明一實施例所繪示一種近場通訊標籤的電路方塊示意圖。 1 is a circuit block diagram of a near field communication tag according to an embodiment of the invention.
圖2是依照本發明實施例繪示一種近場通訊標籤的操作方法的流程示意圖。 FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for operating a near field communication tag according to an embodiment of the invention.
圖3是依照本發明實施例繪示圖1所示近場通訊標籤的信號波形式意圖。 FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the intention of a signal wave form of the near field communication tag shown in FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the invention.
在本案說明書全文(包括申請專利範圍)中所使用的「耦接」一詞可指任何直接或間接的連接手段。舉例而言，若文中描 述第一裝置耦接於第二裝置，則應該被解釋成該第一裝置可以直接連接於該第二裝置，或者該第一裝置可以透過其他裝置或某種連接手段而間接地連接至該第二裝置。另外，凡可能之處，在圖式及實施方式中使用相同標號的元件/構件/步驟代表相同或類似部分。不同實施例中使用相同標號或使用相同用語的元件/構件/步驟可以相互參照相關說明。 The term "coupled" as used throughout the specification (including the scope of the patent application) may be used in any direct or indirect connection. For example, if the text is described in the text The first device is coupled to the second device, and the first device may be directly connected to the second device, or the first device may be indirectly connected to the first device through other devices or some connection means. Two devices. In addition, wherever possible, the elements and/ Elements/components/steps that use the same reference numbers or use the same terms in different embodiments may refer to the related description.
圖1是依照本發明一實施例所繪示一種近場通訊(near-field communication,NFC)標籤(Tag)100的電路方塊示意圖。近場通訊標籤100包括天線模組110、本地時脈產生器120、接收電路130、基頻控制器(baseband controller)140、時脈萃取器(clock extractor)150以及傳送電路160。天線模組110可以接收近場通訊讀取器(NFC reader)10所發出的載波(carrier)。依據近場通訊的規範(通訊協定)，近場通訊讀取器10可以採用振幅移位鍵控法(amplitude-shift-keying,ASK)來調變載波，因此近場通訊讀取器10可以將資料傳送給近場通訊標籤100。 FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a circuit of a near-field communication (NFC) tag 100 according to an embodiment of the invention. The near field communication tag 100 includes an antenna module 110, a local clock generator 120, a receiving circuit 130, a baseband controller 140, a clock extractor 150, and a transmitting circuit 160. The antenna module 110 can receive a carrier transmitted by a near field communication reader (NFC reader) 10. According to the specification of the near field communication (communication protocol), the near field communication reader 10 can use the amplitude shift-keying (ASK) to modulate the carrier, so the near field communication reader 10 can The data is transmitted to the near field communication tag 100.
依照設計需求，本地時脈產生器120可以是任何形式的振盪電路(oscillator circuit,OSC)，例如石英振盪電路(Crystal oscillator circuit)、電阻電容(RC)振盪電路或是其他振盪電路。本地時脈產生器120可以產生本地時脈CKL。本地時脈CKL的頻率與相位無關於近場通訊讀取器10所發出的載波的頻率與相位。本地時脈產生器120所產生的本地時脈CKL可以作為近場通訊標籤100的系統時脈。舉例來說(但不限於此)，本地時脈CKL可 以作為基頻控制器140的操作時脈。 The local clock generator 120 can be any form of an oscillator circuit (OSC), such as a crystal oscillator circuit, a resistor-capacitor (RC) oscillator circuit, or other oscillator circuit, depending on design requirements. Local clock generator 120 can generate local clock CKL. The frequency and phase of the local clock CKL are independent of the frequency and phase of the carrier transmitted by the near field communication reader 10. The local clock CKL generated by the local clock generator 120 can be used as the system clock of the near field communication tag 100. For example (but not limited to), the local clock CKL can As the operating clock of the fundamental frequency controller 140.
在一些實施例中，本地時脈產生器120可以不具有鎖相迴路(Phase Lock Loop,PLL)。因為本地時脈CKL的頻率與相位無關於近場通訊讀取器10所發出的載波的頻率與相位，因此當近場通訊讀取器10所提供的載波在某些時間消失(不輸出載波)時，本地時脈產生器120仍然可以產生不間斷的時脈信號(本地時脈CKL)。 In some embodiments, local clock generator 120 may not have a Phase Lock Loop (PLL). Since the frequency and phase of the local clock CKL are independent of the frequency and phase of the carrier transmitted by the near field communication reader 10, the carrier provided by the near field communication reader 10 disappears at some time (no carrier is output). At this time, the local clock generator 120 can still generate an uninterrupted clock signal (local clock CKL).
接收電路130耦接至天線模組110與本地時脈產生器120。接收電路130可以解調變近場通訊讀取器10所發出的載波而獲得經解調變信號，以及藉由使用本地時脈CKL來取樣所述經解調變信號而獲得經取樣資料Dsam。此經取樣資料Dsam被輸出給基頻控制器140。 The receiving circuit 130 is coupled to the antenna module 110 and the local clock generator 120. The receiving circuit 130 can demodulate the carrier transmitted by the near-field communication reader 10 to obtain a demodulated variable signal, and obtain the sampled data Dsam by sampling the demodulated variable signal using the local clock CKL. This sampled data Dsam is output to the fundamental frequency controller 140.
基頻控制器140可以處理/解碼所述經取樣資料Dsam，而將經取樣資料Dsam還原成近場通訊讀取器10所傳送的資料。依照設計需求，基頻控制器140可以任何方式實現。舉例來說(但不限於此)，基頻控制器140可以是習知基頻控制器，而習知基頻控制器的實施細節不在此贅述。 The baseband controller 140 can process/decode the sampled data Dsam and restore the sampled data Dsam to the material transmitted by the near field communication reader 10. The baseband controller 140 can be implemented in any manner, depending on design requirements. For example, but not limited to, the baseband controller 140 can be a conventional baseband controller, and implementation details of the conventional baseband controller are not described herein.
本地時脈產生器120做為接收電路130(接收端)的時脈源(clock source)，因此近場通訊標籤100可以採用非同步解碼方式完成接收端的訊號處理。近場通訊標籤100可以不採用鎖相迴路(PLL)方式來製造本地時脈CKL，進而減少電路的面積與複雜度。 The local clock generator 120 serves as a clock source for the receiving circuit 130 (receiving end). Therefore, the near field communication tag 100 can perform signal processing at the receiving end by using an asynchronous decoding method. The near field communication tag 100 can be used to manufacture the local clock CKL without using a phase locked loop (PLL) method, thereby reducing the area and complexity of the circuit.
在振幅移位鍵控法(ASK)的調變率為100%的情況下，近場通訊讀取器10所提供的載波在某些時間可能會消失(暫時不輸出載波)，使得習知近場通訊標籤無法從載波訊號還原時脈。本地時脈產生器120可以解決在沒有載波訊號時，時脈無法還原的問題。因此，在ASK 100%調變訊號時，即便在無法從載波訊號還原時脈的情形下，本地時脈產生器120依然可以提供時脈給接收電路130與基頻控制器140來執行解碼。 In the case where the amplitude shift keying (ASK) modulation rate is 100%, the carrier provided by the near field communication reader 10 may disappear at some time (temporarily not outputting the carrier), so that the near The field communication tag cannot restore the clock from the carrier signal. The local clock generator 120 can solve the problem that the clock cannot be restored when there is no carrier signal. Therefore, when the ASK 100% modulation signal, the local clock generator 120 can provide the clock to the receiving circuit 130 and the baseband controller 140 to perform decoding even in the case where the clock cannot be restored from the carrier signal.
在圖1所示實施例中(但不限於此)，接收電路130包括解調變器(demodulator)131以及接收器(receiver)132。解調變器131耦接至天線模組110。解調變器131可以解調變近場通訊讀取器10所發出的載波，而獲得經解調變信號Sdem。接收器132耦接至解調變器131，以接收經解調變信號Sdem。依據本地時脈CKL，接收器132可以取樣經解調變信號Sdem，而獲得多個取樣值(經取樣資料Dsam)，以及將該些取樣值(經取樣資料Dsam)提供給近基頻控制器140。接收端電路(接收器132與基頻控制器140)可以利用本地時脈產生器120做為時脈源，並搭配非同步解碼技術處理接收訊號。依照設計需求，解調變器131以及接收器132可以任何方式實現。舉例來說(但不限於此)，解調變器131可以是習知解調變器，而接收器132可以是習知接收器電路。習知調變器與習知接收器電路的實施細節不在此贅述。 In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, but not limited thereto, the receiving circuit 130 includes a demodulator 131 and a receiver 132. The demodulator 131 is coupled to the antenna module 110. The demodulator 131 can demodulate the carrier transmitted by the near-field communication reader 10 to obtain a demodulated variable signal Sdem. The receiver 132 is coupled to the demodulator 131 to receive the demodulated variable signal Sdem. According to the local clock CKL, the receiver 132 can sample the demodulated variable signal Sdem to obtain a plurality of sample values (sampled data Dsam), and provide the sample values (sampled data Dsam) to the near-base frequency controller. 140. The receiving end circuit (the receiver 132 and the baseband controller 140) can use the local clock generator 120 as a clock source and process the received signal in accordance with the asynchronous decoding technique. Demodulation transformer 131 and receiver 132 can be implemented in any manner, depending on design requirements. For example, but not limited to, the demodulator 131 can be a conventional demodulation transformer and the receiver 132 can be a conventional receiver circuit. Details of the implementation of the conventional modulator and the conventional receiver circuit are not described herein.
時脈萃取器150耦接至天線模組110。時脈萃取器150可以從近場通訊讀取器10所發出的載波萃取出載波時脈CKC。依照 設計需求，時脈萃取器150可以任何方式實現。舉例來說(但不限於此)，時脈萃取器150可以是習知時脈萃取電路。習知時脈萃取電路的實施細節不在此贅述。 The clock extractor 150 is coupled to the antenna module 110. The clock extractor 150 can extract the carrier clock CKC from the carrier transmitted by the near field communication reader 10. according to Design requirements, the clock extractor 150 can be implemented in any manner. For example, but not limited to, the clock extractor 150 can be a conventional clock extraction circuit. The details of the implementation of the conventional clock extraction circuit are not described here.
傳送電路160耦接至天線模組110與時脈萃取器150。基頻控制器140可以將欲傳送資料Dsen輸出給傳送電路160。依據時脈萃取器150的載波時脈CKC與基頻控制器140的欲傳送資料Dsen，傳送電路160可以調變該載波，以便將欲傳送資料Dsen經由天線模組110傳送給近場通訊讀取器10。利用載波擷取所產生的載波時脈CKC做為發射端的時脈源，因此傳送電路160可以避免近場通訊標籤100在發射訊號時與近場通訊讀取器10不同步。近場通訊標籤100與近場通訊讀取器10的不同步，可能會導致近場通訊讀取器10無法正確的解碼。 The transmitting circuit 160 is coupled to the antenna module 110 and the clock extractor 150. The baseband controller 140 can output the data to be transmitted Dsen to the transmission circuit 160. According to the carrier clock CKC of the clock extractor 150 and the data to be transmitted Dsen of the baseband controller 140, the transmitting circuit 160 can modulate the carrier to transmit the data to be transmitted Dsen to the near field communication via the antenna module 110. 10. The carrier clock CKC generated by the carrier acquisition is used as the clock source of the transmitting end. Therefore, the transmitting circuit 160 can prevent the near field communication tag 100 from being out of synchronization with the near field communication reader 10 when transmitting the signal. The near field communication tag 100 is out of sync with the near field communication reader 10, which may cause the near field communication reader 10 to fail to decode properly.
在圖1所示實施例中(但不限於此)，傳送電路160包括傳送器(transmitter)161以及調變器(modulator)162。傳送器161耦接至時脈萃取器150。以接收載波時脈CKC。依據載波時脈CKC，傳送器161可以編碼所述欲傳送資料Dsen而獲得經編碼信號Smod。調變器162耦接至天線模組110與傳送器161。調變器162可以依照經編碼信號Smod來調變載波，以便將欲傳送資料Dsen經由天線模組110傳送給近場通訊讀取器10。依照設計需求，傳送器161以及調變器162可以任何方式實現。舉例來說(但不限於此)，傳送器161可以是習知傳送器電路，而調變器162可以是習知調變器。習知傳送器電路與習知調變器的實施細節不在 此贅述。 In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, but not limited thereto, the transmitting circuit 160 includes a transmitter 161 and a modulator 162. The transmitter 161 is coupled to the clock extractor 150. To receive the carrier clock CKC. According to the carrier clock CKC, the transmitter 161 can encode the data to be transmitted Dsen to obtain the encoded signal Smod. The modulator 162 is coupled to the antenna module 110 and the transmitter 161. The modulator 162 can modulate the carrier in accordance with the encoded signal Smod to transmit the data to be transmitted Dsen to the near field communication reader 10 via the antenna module 110. Depending on the design requirements, transmitter 161 and modulator 162 can be implemented in any manner. For example, but not limited to, transmitter 161 may be a conventional transmitter circuit and modulator 162 may be a conventional modulator. The implementation details of the conventional transmitter circuit and the conventional modulator are not This statement.
在一些實施例中(但不限於此)，依據近場通訊(NFC)的規範(通訊協定)，接收電路130於接收期間可以經由天線模組110接收近場通訊讀取器10所發出的載波，以便接收近場通訊讀取器10的傳輸資料。傳送電路160於傳送期間可以調變近場通訊讀取器10所發出載波，以便經由天線模組110傳送所述欲傳送資料Dsen給近場通訊讀取器10。 In some embodiments, but not limited to, according to the Near Field Communication (NFC) specification (communication protocol), the receiving circuit 130 can receive the carrier transmitted by the near field communication reader 10 via the antenna module 110 during reception. In order to receive the transmission data of the near field communication reader 10. The transmitting circuit 160 can modulate the carrier transmitted by the near field communication reader 10 during transmission to transmit the data to be transmitted Dsen to the near field communication reader 10 via the antenna module 110.
依據近場通訊的規範(通訊協定)，該接收期間與該傳送期間之間存在一個幀延遲時間(frame delay time)。近場通訊標籤100的傳送電路160及/或基頻控制器140可以計數載波時脈CKC來決定所述幀延遲時間。因此，近場通訊標籤100可以計算出正確的發射時間(該傳送期間之起始時間點)，以符合近場通訊的規範(通訊協定)。 According to the specification of the near field communication (communication protocol), there is a frame delay time between the reception period and the transmission period. The transmit circuit 160 and/or the baseband controller 140 of the near field communication tag 100 can count the carrier clock CKC to determine the frame delay time. Therefore, the near field communication tag 100 can calculate the correct transmission time (the starting time point of the transmission period) to conform to the specification of the near field communication (the communication protocol).
圖2是依照本發明實施例繪示一種近場通訊標籤100的操作方法的流程示意圖。請參照圖1與圖2，天線模組110於步驟S210中接收近場通訊讀取器10所發出的載波。於步驟S220中，接收電路130於接收期間解調變該近場通訊讀取器10所發出的載波。 FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for operating a near field communication tag 100 according to an embodiment of the invention. Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the antenna module 110 receives the carrier transmitted by the near field communication reader 10 in step S210. In step S220, the receiving circuit 130 demodulates the carrier transmitted by the near field communication reader 10 during reception.
舉例來說，圖3是依照本發明實施例繪示圖1所示近場通訊標籤100的信號波形式意圖。天線模組110接收近場通訊讀取器10所發出的載波，並將經接收載波Sant提供給接收電路130與時脈萃取器150。於接收期間Trx，近場通訊讀取器10可以利 用振幅移位鍵控法(ASK)來調變載波，如圖3所示接收期間Trx的經接收載波Sant。接收電路130的解調變器131可以於接收期間Trx解調變所述經接收載波Sant，而獲得經解調變信號Sdem。 接收器132可以依據本地時脈CKL的時序去取樣所述經解調變信號Sdem，而獲得多個取樣值(經取樣資料Dsam)。基頻控制器140可以對經取樣資料Dsam進行解碼，而將經取樣資料Dsam還原為近場通訊讀取器10所傳送的資料。 For example, FIG. 3 illustrates a signal wave form intent of the near field communication tag 100 of FIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The antenna module 110 receives the carrier transmitted by the near field communication reader 10 and supplies the received carrier Sant to the receiving circuit 130 and the clock extractor 150. In the receiving period Trx, the near field communication reader 10 can benefit The carrier is modulated by amplitude shift keying (ASK), and the received carrier Sant of the period Trx is received as shown in FIG. The demodulation transformer 131 of the receiving circuit 130 may demodulate the received carrier Sant during the reception period Trx to obtain a demodulated variable signal Sdem. The receiver 132 may sample the demodulated variable signal Sdem according to the timing of the local clock CKL to obtain a plurality of sample values (sampled data Dsam). The baseband controller 140 can decode the sampled data Dsam and restore the sampled data Dsam to the data transmitted by the near field communication reader 10.
於步驟S230中，時脈萃取器150可以從近場通訊讀取器10所發出的載波(經接收載波Sant)萃取出載波時脈CKC。依據經解調變信號Sdem(或對經取樣資料Dsam進行解碼後的結果)的樣式(pattern)，基頻控制器140還可以判斷接收期間Trx是否結束。在接收期間Trx結束後，基頻控制器140(或傳送器161)可以於步驟S240中計數時脈萃取器150所輸出的載波時脈CKC，而獲得計數資料Dcnt。基頻控制器140(或傳送器161)可以計數載波時脈CKC來決定幀延遲時間FDT。幀延遲時間FDT存在於接收期間Trx與傳送期間Ttx之間。 In step S230, the clock extractor 150 may extract the carrier clock CKC from the carrier (the received carrier Sant) sent by the near field communication reader 10. Based on the pattern of the demodulated variable signal Sdem (or the result of decoding the sampled data Dsam), the baseband controller 140 can also determine whether the reception period Trx is over. After the end of the reception period Trx, the baseband controller 140 (or the transmitter 161) may count the carrier clock CKC output by the clock extractor 150 in step S240 to obtain the count data Dcnt. The baseband controller 140 (or the transmitter 161) can count the carrier clock CKC to determine the frame delay time FDT. The frame delay time FDT exists between the reception period Trx and the transmission period Ttx.
圖3中XX與YY各自表示任意實數。在接收期間Trx結束後，當計數資料Dcnt達到某一門檻值YY時，表示幀延遲時間FDT已結束，且進入傳送期間Ttx。門檻值YY可以視近場通訊的規範(通訊協定)及/或其他設計需求來決定。 In Fig. 3, XX and YY each represent an arbitrary real number. After the end of the reception period Trx, when the count data Dcnt reaches a certain threshold value YY, it indicates that the frame delay time FDT has ended, and the transmission period Ttx is entered. The threshold YY can be determined by the specification of the near field communication (the protocol) and/or other design requirements.
於步驟S250中，傳送電路160於傳送期間Ttx可以依照欲傳送資料Dsen而調變載波(經接收載波Sant)，以便將欲傳送 資料Dsen經由天線模組110傳送給近場通訊讀取器10。 In step S250, the transmitting circuit 160 may modulate the carrier (the received carrier Sant) according to the data to be transmitted D during the transmission period Ttx, so as to be transmitted. The data Dsen is transmitted to the near field communication reader 10 via the antenna module 110.
綜上所述，本發明一些實施例的近場通訊標籤100的本地時脈產生器120可以產生本地時脈CKL，其中本地時脈CKL的頻率與相位無關於近場通訊讀取器10所發出的載波(經接收載波Sant)的頻率與相位。近場通訊標籤100的接收電路130可以解調變經接收載波Sant來獲得經解調變信號Sdem，以及藉由使用本地時脈CKL來取樣所述經解調變信號Sdem。因此，在一些實施例中的近場通訊標籤100可以採用非同步解碼電路完成接收端的訊號處理。在另一些實施例中，近場通訊標籤100及其操作方法可以採用時脈萃取器150而從近場通訊讀取器10所發出的載波(經接收載波Sant)萃取出載波時脈CKC。近場通訊標籤100可以計數載波時脈CKC，來決定接收期間Trx與傳送期間Ttx之間的幀延遲時間FDT。因此，近場通訊標籤100可以計算出正確的發射時間(傳送期間Ttx之起始時間點)，以符合近場通訊的規範(通訊協定)。 In summary, the local clock generator 120 of the near field communication tag 100 of some embodiments of the present invention can generate the local clock CKL, wherein the frequency and phase of the local clock CKL are not related to the near field communication reader 10 The frequency and phase of the carrier (via the received carrier Sant). The receiving circuit 130 of the near field communication tag 100 can demodulate the variable received carrier Sant to obtain the demodulated variable signal Sdem, and sample the demodulated variable signal Sdem by using the local clock CKL. Therefore, the near field communication tag 100 in some embodiments may perform signal processing at the receiving end using an asynchronous decoding circuit. In other embodiments, the near field communication tag 100 and its method of operation may employ the clock extractor 150 to extract the carrier clock CKC from the carrier (the received carrier Sant) sent by the near field communication reader 10. The near field communication tag 100 can count the carrier clock CKC to determine the frame delay time FDT between the reception period Trx and the transmission period Ttx. Therefore, the near field communication tag 100 can calculate the correct transmission time (the starting time point of the transmission period Ttx) to conform to the specification of the near field communication (the communication protocol).
雖然本發明已以實施例揭露如上，然其並非用以限定本發明，任何所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者，在不脫離本發明的精神和範圍內，當可作些許的更動與潤飾，故本發明的保護範圍當視後附的申請專利範圍所界定者為準。 Although the present invention has been disclosed in the above embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and any one of ordinary skill in the art can make some changes and refinements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the scope of the appended claims.
10‧‧‧近場通訊讀取器 10‧‧‧ Near Field Communication Reader
100‧‧‧近場通訊標籤 100‧‧‧ Near Field Communication Label
110‧‧‧天線模組 110‧‧‧Antenna module
120‧‧‧本地時脈產生器 120‧‧‧Local clock generator
130‧‧‧接收電路 130‧‧‧ receiving circuit
131‧‧‧解調變器 131‧‧‧Demodulation Transducer
132‧‧‧接收器 132‧‧‧ Receiver
140‧‧‧基頻控制器 140‧‧‧Base frequency controller
150‧‧‧時脈萃取器 150‧‧‧clock extractor
160‧‧‧傳送電路 160‧‧‧Transmission circuit
161‧‧‧傳送器 161‧‧‧transmitter
162‧‧‧調變器 162‧‧‧ modulator
CKC‧‧‧載波時脈 CKC‧‧‧ Carrier Clock
CKL‧‧‧本地時脈 CKL‧‧‧ local clock
Dsam‧‧‧經取樣資料 Dsam‧‧‧sampled data
Dsen‧‧‧欲傳送資料 Dsen‧‧‧ wants to transmit information
Sant‧‧‧經接收載波 Sant‧‧‧ received carrier
Sdem‧‧‧經解調變信號 Sdem‧‧‧ demodulated signal
Smod‧‧‧經編碼信號 Smod‧‧‧ coded signal
Claims (20)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW104108306A TW201635727A (en) | 2015-03-16 | 2015-03-16 | Near-field communication tag and operation method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| TW104108306A TW201635727A (en) | 2015-03-16 | 2015-03-16 | Near-field communication tag and operation method thereof |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| TW201635727A true TW201635727A (en) | 2016-10-01 |
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| TW104108306A TW201635727A (en) | 2015-03-16 | 2015-03-16 | Near-field communication tag and operation method thereof |
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| TW (1) | TW201635727A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111222354A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2020-06-02 | 三星电子株式会社 | Near field communication circuit and operation method thereof |
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2015
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111222354A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2020-06-02 | 三星电子株式会社 | Near field communication circuit and operation method thereof |
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