TW201606095A - 冷作工具鋼 - Google Patents
冷作工具鋼 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000822 Cold-work tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 18
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 8
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001199 N alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006392 deoxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CADICXFYUNYKGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenemanganese Chemical compound [Mn]=S CADICXFYUNYKGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000756 V alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000641 cold extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010960 cold rolled steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003923 scrap metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/02—Hardening by precipitation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
- C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/004—Dispersions; Precipitations
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
本發明係關於一種冷作工具鋼。該鋼包含以下主要組分(以wt.%計)：C 0.52.1，N 1.3-3.5，Si 0.05-1.2，Mn 0.05-1.5，Cr 2.5-5.5，Mo 0.8-2.2，V 6-18，其餘為視情況存在之元素、鐵及雜質。
Description
本發明係關於一種氮合金冷作工具鋼。
氮及釩合金粉末冶金(PM)工具鋼由於其高硬度、高耐磨性及極佳耐磨蝕性之獨特組合而獲得大量關注。此等鋼具有多種應用，其中主要不足機制為黏著磨損或磨蝕。典型應用領域包括沖壓及成型、精密沖壓、冷擠壓、深拉伸及粉末壓製。將基礎鋼組成物霧化，進行氮化，此後將粉末填充入包囊中且進行熱均衡加壓(HIP)以便產生各向同性鋼。以此方式產生之高效能鋼為VANCRON® 40。其具有高碳、氮及釩含量，且亦與大量Cr、Mo及W形成合金，從而產生包含MX(14vol.%)及M6C(5vol.%)型硬質相之微結構。該鋼描述於WO 00/79015 A1中。
雖然VANCRON® 40具有極有吸引力的性能特徵，但持續力求改良該工具材料以便進一步改良所產生產品之表面品質以及延長工具壽命，尤其在磨蝕為主要問題之苛刻工作條件下。
本發明之目標為提供一種氮合金粉末冶金(PM)產生的冷作工具鋼，其具有針對高級冷作之改良的性能特徵。
本發明之另一目標為提供一種粉末冶金(PM)產生的冷作
工具鋼，其具有使所產生部件之表面品質改良的組成及微結構。
前述目標以及其他優點藉由提供具有申請專利範圍中所闡明之組成之冷作工具鋼而在顯著程度上達成。
本發明在申請專利範圍中進行定義。
下文簡要解釋各別元素之重要性及其彼此之相互作用以及對所請求的合金之化學成分之限制。在整個說明書中，鋼之化學組成的所有百分比以重量%(wt.%)給出。個別元素之上限及下限可在申請專利範圍第1項闡明之限值內自由組合。
碳(0.5-2.1%)
碳以0.5%之最小含量、較佳至少1.0%存在。碳之上限可設定成1.8%或2.1%。較佳範圍包括0.8-1.6%、1.0-1.4%及1.25-1.35%。碳對於MX之形成及硬化至關重要，其中金屬M主要為V，但亦可存在Mo、Cr及W。X為C、N及B中之一或多者。較佳地，調節碳含量以便獲得在沃斯田鐵化溫度(austenitizing temperature)下溶解於基質中之0.4-0.6% C。在任何情況下，應控制碳量以使得鋼中類M23C6、M7C3及M6C型碳化物之量為有限的，較佳鋼不含該等碳化物。
氮(1.3-3.5%)
氮在本發明中對於MX型之硬性碳氮化物之形成必不可少。因此，氮應以至少1.3%之量存在。下限可為1.4%、1.5%、1.6%、1.7%、1.8%、1.9%、2.0%、2.1%或甚至2.2%。上限為3.5%且其可設定成3.3%、3.2%、3.0%、2.8%、2.6%、2.4%、2.2%、2.1%、1.9%或1.7%。較佳範圍包括1.6-2.1%及1.7-1.9%。
鉻(2.5-5.5%)
鉻以至少2.5%之含量存在以便提供足夠可硬化性。Cr較佳較高以用於在熱處理期間在大橫截面中提供良好可硬化性。若鉻含量過高，則此可導致不期望的碳化物(諸如M7C3)之形成。另外，此亦可增加微結構中之殘留沃斯田鐵之傾向。下限可為2.8%、3.0%、3.2%、3.4%、3.6%、3.8%、4.0%、4.2%、4.35%、4.4%或4.6%。上限可為5.2%、5.0%、4.9%、4.8%或4.65%。鉻含量較佳為4.2-4.8%。
鉬(0.8-2.2%)
已知Mo對於可硬化性具有極其有利作用。鉬對於獲得良好二次硬化反應必不可少。最小含量為0.8%且可設定成1%、1.25%、1.5%、1.6%、1.65%或1.8%。鉬為強碳化物形成元素。然而，鉬亦為強肥粒鐵形成劑。Mo亦因限制除MX之外的其他硬質相之量而需受限制。特定言之，M6C碳化物之量應為有限的，較佳限於3vol.%。最佳地，M6C-碳化物應不存在於微結構中。因此，鉬之最大含量為2.2%。較佳地，Mo限於2.15%、2.1%、2.0%或1.9%。
鎢(1%)
鎢之作用類似於Mo。然而，為了獲得相同作用，以重量%計，必需添加為Mo兩倍的W。鎢很昂貴且其亦使廢金屬之處理複雜化。如Mo一般，W亦形成M6C-碳化物。因此，最大量限於1%，較佳0.5%，更佳0.3%且最佳故意完全不添加W。藉由如上文所闡述不添加W且限制Mo，可能可完全避免M6C-碳化物之形成。
釩(6-18%)
釩形成均勻分佈的MX型之一次沈澱碳化物及碳氮化物。沈澱物可由式M(N,C)表示，且其由於高氮含量通常亦稱作硝基碳化物。在本發明之鋼中，M主要為釩，但可存在一定程度上的Cr及Mo。釩應以6-18%之量存在以便獲得期望量之MX。上限可設定成16%、15%、14%、13%、12%、11%、10.25%、10%或9%。下限可為7%、8%、8.5%、9%、9.75%、10%、11%或12%。較佳範圍包括8-14%、8.5-11.0%及9.75-10.25%。
鈮(2%)
鈮類似於釩，因為其形成MX或M(N,C)型碳氮化物。然而，Nb產生較具角形形狀之M(N,C)。因此，Nb之最大添加量限於2.0%且較佳最大量為0.5%。較佳不添加鈮。
矽(0.05-1.2%)
矽用於去氧。Si亦增加碳活性且有益於可加工性。因此，Si以0.05-1.2%之量存在。為進行良好去氧，較佳將Si含量調節至至少0.2%。下限可設定成0.3%、0.35%或0.4%。然而，Si為強肥粒鐵形成劑且應限於1.2%。上限可設定成1.1%、1%、0.9%、0.8%、0.75%、0.7%或0.65%。較佳範圍為0.3-0.8%。
錳(0.05-1.5%)
錳有助於改良鋼之可硬化性且與硫錳一起藉由形成硫化錳有助於改良可加工性。因此，錳應以0.05%之最小含量、較佳至少0.1%且更佳至少0.2%存在。在較高硫含量下，錳防止鋼中之紅脆性。鋼應含有最大1.5% Mn。上限可設定成1.4%、1.3%、1.2%、1.1%、1.0%、0.9%、0.8%、0.7%、0.7%、0.6%或0.5%。然而，較佳範圍為0.2-0.9%、0.2-0.6%及0.3-0.5%。
鎳(3.0%)
鎳為視情況存在的且可以至多3%之量存在。其賦予鋼良好可硬化性及韌度。由於費用，應儘可能限制鋼之鎳含量。因此，Ni含量限於1%，較佳0.3%。最佳不添加鎳。
銅(3.0%)
Cu為視情況存在之元素，其可有助於增加鋼之硬度及耐腐蝕性。若使用，則較佳範圍為0.02-2%且最佳範圍為0.04-1.6%。然而，添加銅後即無法自鋼提取銅。此極大地使廢料處理更加困難。出於此原因，通常故意不添加銅。
鈷(12%)
Co為視情況存在之元素。Co溶解於鐵(肥粒鐵及沃斯田鐵)且使其加強，同時賦予高溫強度。Co增加Ms溫度。在溶液熱處理期間，Co有助於抵抗晶粒生長，以使得可使用較高溶液溫度，該等溫度確保較高百分比之碳化物溶解，從而改良二次硬化反應。Co亦延遲碳化物及碳氮化物之聚結，驅使二次硬化在較高溫度下出現。Co有助於增加麻田散鐵(martensite)之硬度。最大量為12%。上限可設定成10%、8%、7%、6%、
5%或4%。下限可設定成1%、2%、3%、4%或5%。然而，出於諸如廢料處理之實際原因，故意不添加Co。較佳最大含量為1%。
磷(0.05)
P為固溶體加強元素。然而，P趨向於偏析出晶界，降低內聚力且從而降低韌度。因此，P限於0.05%。
硫(0.5%)
S有助於改良鋼之可加工性。在較高硫含量下，存在紅脆性之風險。另外，高硫含量可能對鋼之疲勞特性具有負面影響。因此，鋼應含有0.5%。較佳0.03%。
Be、Bi、Se、Ca、Mg、O及REM(稀土金屬)
為了進一步改良所請求的鋼之可加工性、熱可加工性及/或可焊性，此等元素可以所請求的量添加至鋼中。
硼(0.6%)
可視情況使用大量硼以用於輔助硬質相MX之形成。可使用B以便增加鋼之硬度。該量則限於0.01%，較佳0.004%。
Ti、Zr、Al及Ta
此等元素為碳化物形成劑且可以所請求的範圍存在於合金中以用於改變硬質相之組成。然而，通常不添加此等元素。
鋼生產
具有所請求的化學組成之工具鋼可藉由習知氣體霧化，隨後氮化處理而產生。氮化可藉由以下說明執行：在500-600℃下使霧化粉末經受以氨氣為基礎之氣體混合物，從而氮氣擴散至粉末中，與釩反應且使微
小碳氮化物成核。通常，在使用之前使鋼經受硬化及回火。
沃斯田鐵化可在950-1150℃、典型地1020-1080℃範圍內之沃斯田鐵化溫度(TA)下執行。典型處理包含在1050℃下沃斯田鐵化30分鐘，氣體淬火且在530℃下歷經1小時回火三次，之後空氣冷卻。此產生60-66HRC之硬度。
實施例
在此實施例中，比較根據本發明之鋼與已知鋼。兩種鋼均藉由粉末冶金生產。
熔融基礎鋼組成物且使其經受氣體霧化、氮化、囊封及HIP。
因此獲得之鋼具有以下組成(以wt.%計)：
其餘為鐵及雜質。
檢查兩種鋼之微結構，且發現本發明之鋼含有約20vol.% MX(黑色相)，其粒子尺寸小且均勻分佈於基質內，如圖1中所揭示。
另一方面，比較鋼含有約15vol.% MX及約6vol.% M6C(白色相)，如圖2中所展示。自此圖顯而易見，M6C碳化物大於MX-粒子且M6C碳化物之粒度分佈存在一定擴展。
在1050℃下沃斯田鐵化鋼30分鐘，且藉由氣體淬火硬化且
在550℃下回火1小時(3×1小時)，之後空氣冷卻。此使本發明鋼之硬度為63HRC，且比較材料之硬度為62HRC。在Thermo-Calc模擬中藉由軟體版本S-build-2532及資料庫TCFE6計算沃斯田鐵化溫度(1050℃)下之基質之平衡組成及一次MX及M6C之量。計算展示本發明鋼不含M6C-碳化物且含有16.3vol.% MX。另一方面，發現比較鋼含有5.2vol.% M6C及14.3vol.% MX。
兩種材料用於供不鏽鋼冷軋用之輥，且發現本發明材料使冷軋鋼之表面微粗糙度改良，其可歸因於更均勻的微結構及不存在大的M6C-碳化物。
產業可利用性
本發明之冷作工具鋼尤其適用於需要極高耐磨蝕性之應用，諸如沃斯田鐵不鏽鋼之沖壓及成型。MX碳氮化物之小尺寸與其均勻分佈之組合亦預期產生改良的耐磨蝕性。
Claims (10)
- 一種用於冷作之鋼，以重量%(wt.%)計其由以下組成：C 0.5-2.1，N 1.3-3.5，Si 0.05-1.2，Mn 0.05-1.5，Cr 2.5-5.5，Mo 0.8-2.2，V 6-18，視情況存在之以下中之一或多者：P0.05，S0.5，W1.0，Cu3，Co12，Ni3，Nb2，Ti0.1，Zr0.1，Ta0.1，B0.6，Be0.2， Bi0.2，Se0.3，Ca 0.0003-0.009，Mg0.01，REM0.2，除雜質外其餘為Fe。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之鋼，其滿足以下要求中之至少一者：C 0.6-1.8，N 1.4-3.3，Si 0.2-1.1，Mn 0.1-1.1，Cr 2.8-5.2，Mo 1.25-2.15，W0.5，V 7-16，P0.03，S0.03，Cu 0.02-2，Co1，Ni1，Nb1，Ti0.01， Zr0.01，Ta0.01，B0.005，Be0.02，Se0.03，Mg0.001。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項或第2項之鋼，其滿足以下要求中之至少一者：C 0.8-1.6，N 1.6-3.2，Si 0.25-0.85，Mn 0.2-0.9，Cr 3.2-5.0，Mo 1.5-2.1，W0.45，V 8-14，Co1，Cu0.5，Ni0.3，Nb0.5。
- 如前述申請專利範圍中任一項之鋼，其滿足以下要求中之至少一者：C 1.0-1.4，N 1.6-2.1， Si 0.3-0.8，Mn 0.2-0.6，Cr 4.2-4.8，Mo 1.6-2.0，W0.40，V 8.5-11.0。
- 如前述申請專利範圍中任一項之鋼，其滿足以下要求中之至少一者：C 1.25-1.35，N 1.7-1.9，Si 0.35-0.65，Mn 0.3-0.5，Cr 4.35-4.65，Mo 1.65-1.95，W0.30，V 9.75-10.25。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項之鋼，其由以下組成：C 1.0-1.4，N 1.6-2.1，Si 0.3-0.8，Mn 0.2-0.6，Cr 4.2-4.8，Mo 1.6-2.0， W0.40，V 8.5-11.0，除雜質外其餘為Fe。
- 如前述申請專利範圍中任一項之鋼，其中以體積%計，存在於該鋼中之碳化物及碳氮化物之量滿足以下要求：MX 15-35，M6X3，M7X3 1，M23X6 1，其中M為V、Cr及Mo中之一或多者，且X為C及/或N及視情況為B。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項之鋼，其滿足以下要求：MX 15-30，M6X1，M7X3 0.2，M23X6 0.2。
- 如前述申請專利範圍中任一項之鋼，其中以體積%計，碳化物及碳氮化物之量滿足以下要求：MX 15-30，M6X0.1，其中微結構不含M7X3及M23X6，該微結構較佳不含M6X。
- 如前述申請專利範圍中任一項之鋼，其中該碳化物及碳氮化物在微結構中之圓當量直徑(ECD)小於1.5μm，較佳地小於1.0μm。
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| ??14177221.0 | 2014-07-16 | ||
| EP14177221.0A EP2975146A1 (en) | 2014-07-16 | 2014-07-16 | Cold work tool steel |
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| EP2933345A1 (en) * | 2014-04-14 | 2015-10-21 | Uddeholms AB | Cold work tool steel |
| WO2021092737A1 (zh) * | 2019-11-12 | 2021-05-20 | 常德菲尔美化工技术有限公司 | 一种耐磨金属材料及其制造方法 |
| US20220196070A1 (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2022-06-23 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Bearing component and method of manufacturing thereof |
| CN114318133A (zh) * | 2021-03-22 | 2022-04-12 | 武汉钜能科技有限责任公司 | 耐磨工具钢 |
| CN114959174B (zh) * | 2022-06-07 | 2024-01-12 | 西峡县丰业冶金材料有限公司 | 利用稀土元素生产的高强度热轧带肋钢筋及其生产方法 |
| KR20240045001A (ko) | 2022-09-29 | 2024-04-05 | 박기혁 | 합금강의 저온고용석출경화 열처리 방법 |
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| PL256701A1 (en) * | 1985-12-06 | 1987-09-21 | Akad Gorniczo Hutnicza | Alloyed tool steel of high resistance to abrasive wear |
| SE456650C (sv) | 1987-03-19 | 1989-10-16 | Uddeholm Tooling Ab | Pulvermetallurgiskt framstaellt kallarbetsstaal |
| WO1993002818A1 (en) | 1991-08-07 | 1993-02-18 | Kloster Speedsteel Aktiebolag | High-speed steel manufactured by powder metallurgy |
| WO1993002819A1 (en) * | 1991-08-07 | 1993-02-18 | Kloster Speedsteel Aktiebolag | High-speed steel manufactured by powder metallurgy |
| DE4231695C2 (de) * | 1992-09-22 | 1994-11-24 | Ver Schmiedewerke Gmbh | Verwendung eines Stahls für Werkzeuge |
| SE508872C2 (sv) | 1997-03-11 | 1998-11-09 | Erasteel Kloster Ab | Pulvermetallurgiskt framställt stål för verktyg, verktyg framställt därav, förfarande för framställning av stål och verktyg samt användning av stålet |
| SE514410C2 (sv) * | 1999-06-16 | 2001-02-19 | Erasteel Kloster Ab | Pulvermetallurgiskt framställt stål |
| DE102005020081A1 (de) * | 2005-04-29 | 2006-11-09 | Köppern Entwicklungs-GmbH | Pulvermetallurgisch hergestellter, verschleißbeständiger Werkstoff |
| SE528991C2 (sv) | 2005-08-24 | 2007-04-03 | Uddeholm Tooling Ab | Ställegering och verktyg eller komponenter tillverkat av stållegeringen |
| SE0600841L (sv) * | 2006-04-13 | 2007-10-14 | Uddeholm Tooling Ab | Kallarbetsstål |
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| JP5397569B2 (ja) * | 2011-04-21 | 2014-01-22 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 均一伸びと穴拡げ性に優れた高強度冷延鋼板及びその製造方法 |
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| FI125855B (fi) * | 2012-06-26 | 2016-03-15 | Outokumpu Oy | Ferriittinen ruostumaton teräs |
| JP5578289B2 (ja) * | 2012-08-06 | 2014-08-27 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 冷延鋼板、及びその製造方法、並びにホットスタンプ成形体 |
| CN104619877B (zh) * | 2012-09-13 | 2017-06-09 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | 热轧钢板及其制造方法 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| TWI650433B (zh) | 2019-02-11 |
| PT3169821T (pt) | 2020-03-25 |
| RU2695692C2 (ru) | 2019-07-25 |
| KR102417003B1 (ko) | 2022-07-04 |
| CA2948143C (en) | 2022-08-09 |
| SI3169821T1 (sl) | 2020-08-31 |
| KR20170029008A (ko) | 2017-03-14 |
| BR112017000078B1 (pt) | 2021-05-04 |
| BR112017000078A2 (pt) | 2017-10-31 |
| EP2975146A1 (en) | 2016-01-20 |
| CA2948143A1 (en) | 2016-01-21 |
| SG11201609197SA (en) | 2016-12-29 |
| RU2017102699A3 (zh) | 2018-11-12 |
| JP6615858B2 (ja) | 2019-12-04 |
| DK3169821T3 (da) | 2020-04-14 |
| CN113913679A (zh) | 2022-01-11 |
| US10472705B2 (en) | 2019-11-12 |
| UA118051C2 (uk) | 2018-11-12 |
| US20170233854A1 (en) | 2017-08-17 |
| EP3169821A1 (en) | 2017-05-24 |
| CN106795611A (zh) | 2017-05-31 |
| PL3169821T3 (pl) | 2020-09-07 |
| JP2017525848A (ja) | 2017-09-07 |
| RU2017102699A (ru) | 2018-08-16 |
| HRP20200517T1 (hr) | 2020-06-26 |
| ES2784266T3 (es) | 2020-09-23 |
| EP3169821B1 (en) | 2020-01-08 |
| EP3169821A4 (en) | 2017-06-28 |
| WO2016010469A1 (en) | 2016-01-21 |
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