TW201538320A - 具有改良表面特性之聚酯層壓建築板 - Google Patents

具有改良表面特性之聚酯層壓建築板 Download PDF

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TW201538320A
TW201538320A TW104101112A TW104101112A TW201538320A TW 201538320 A TW201538320 A TW 201538320A TW 104101112 A TW104101112 A TW 104101112A TW 104101112 A TW104101112 A TW 104101112A TW 201538320 A TW201538320 A TW 201538320A
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building panel
polyester film
film
core
felt
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TW104101112A
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傑拉德D 柏帝森
布萊恩J 威爾澤斯
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聖戈班帕拉可公司
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    • E04BUILDING
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    • E04C2/00Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/043Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres of plaster
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28BSHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B19/00Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon
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    • B32B13/08Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material comprising such water setting substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of paper or cardboard
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    • B32B3/266Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by an apertured layer, the apertures going through the whole thickness of the layer, e.g. expanded metal, perforated layer, slit layer regular cells B32B3/12
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T428/24331Composite web or sheet including nonapertured component
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本發明係關於在建築板上使用聚酯膜以獲得改良表面塗層。該聚酯膜較佳透過黏著劑施覆至玻璃氈以形成層壓物。接著將該層壓物與石膏板之外表面結合。該聚酯膜因其允許施覆外表面塗層而有利。在一實施例中,將丙烯酸系外塗層施覆至該聚酯膜。根據本發明建構的板允許達成外部修整,而不需要過多的修整材料或步驟。

Description

具有改良表面特性之聚酯層壓建築板
本發明係關於一種聚酯層壓物於建築板中之用途。更特定言之,本發明係關於使用聚酯層壓物以改良建築板之表面特性。
壁板已用作內壁覆蓋超過一個世紀。壁板之最常見類型為石膏壁板。基本構造包括定位在兩個相對的紙內襯之間的膠結石膏核。一個該等紙內襯形成外壁修整。紙覆蓋石膏板之一個實例說明於Von Hazmburg之美國專利案第2,806,811號中。Von Hazmburg揭示一種主要由厚石膏核組成之板,該核被覆於由馬尼拉紙薄片(manila sheet)及新聞紙薄片二者所組成纖維封裝中。該等薄片層可由習知多缸造紙製程來製造。
亦已知改用相對的玻璃纖維氈替代紙面薄片。該構造稱作玻璃強化石膏板(或「GRG」)。一種GRG板揭示於Baehr等人的美國專利案第4,265,979號中。另一改良係藉由在製造製程期間將一或多個該等玻璃纖維氈稍包埋於板之核漿料中來實現。此獲得形成於板外表面上之漿料之薄膜。具有該構造之建築板稱作包埋式玻璃強化石膏(EGRG)板。EGRG板不存在暴露纖維,或大大地減少暴露纖維之存在。
然而,紙面板、GRG板、及EGRG板均需要大量的修整材料及勞 動密集步驟以達成期望之外壁修整。根據石膏協會(Gypsum Association),壁修整之測量係基於範圍自最不平滑(0級)至最平滑(5級)之標度。0級係指板之外表面粗糙及/或紋理化外觀。扭曲及起伏在板上輕易可見。5級係指板之外表面具有近似玻璃之極平滑外觀。
在不併入特定密封劑及多層修整化合物撇渣面層(skim coat)下,紙面石膏板不能達成5級修整。隨著各級別上升,亦需要砂紙打磨。因此,以紙面板達成5級修整乃是需要多種增加材料之勞動密集製程。
出於不同原因,在GRG或EGRG板上形成5級修整可同等地證實問題所在。GRG及EGRG板具有填充似乾燥劑材料之膠結表面及/或核。因此,當添加修整化合物至該等板之表面時,其等很快被吸收。為了有效,必須使用大體積量之修整化合物。修整化合物之吸收亦會造成孔隙、碎裂、過早去飽和及所得物快速硬化。其等均無法在GRG或EGRG板上形成5級修整。
在最近幾年,已做出各種努力以節省適當地修整外表面壁板時所需要的材料、勞動、及時間。例如,已開發可噴射化合物以提供具有4級或5級修整之壁板。然而,該等可噴射化合物具有所有前述缺點。紙面板之飽和不夠快速。結果,可噴射修整在施覆至紙面板時進行。相反,玻璃強化板吸收液體過於快速。結果,必須使用非必要地大體積量噴灑以達成期望之修整。該等問題僅可藉由使用撇渣面層或專用底漆而被克服,此僅增加修整工作之時間及費用。
本發明之複合建築板係經設計以藉由使用聚酯膜以最少的修整材料、時間或費用來達成平滑外部修整來克服該等缺點。
本發明允許以最少的修整材料、時間、及費用施覆平滑外部修整至壁板。
本發明的一個優點係藉由使用聚酯層壓物以製得具有平滑外部修整之壁板來達成。
另一優點係藉由使用自身可提供令人滿意的表面之聚酯層壓物作為用於外部丙烯酸系塗層的基底來達成。
又一優點係藉由經由熱熔融黏著劑將聚酯膜黏附至纖維氈,藉此製得可有利於形成平滑外表面之層壓物來達成。
另一優點係藉由經由熱熔融黏著劑將內襯丙烯酸系物之聚酯膜黏附至纖維氈,藉此製得可提供平滑外表面之層壓物來實現。
另一優點係藉由在產生具有期望之表面修整之建築板時使用穿孔聚酯膜來實現。
本發明之建築板可形成5級修整,而不需要額外的修整材料且同時最小化時間、勞動及費用。
本發明之各種實施例可不具有或具有部分或所有該等優點。本發明之其他技術優點將為熟習此項技藝者所可輕易明瞭。
22‧‧‧聚酯膜
24‧‧‧複合多層建築面板
26‧‧‧內部石膏核
28‧‧‧纖維氈
32‧‧‧黏著劑
34‧‧‧修整塗層
36‧‧‧冷硬輥
38‧‧‧夾輥
42‧‧‧層壓物
44‧‧‧生產線/成型線
46‧‧‧混合器
48‧‧‧供給輥
基於更完全地理解本發明及其優點,現結合附圖參考以下描述,其中:圖1為根據本發明製得之建築板的橫截面視圖。
圖2為用於製造根據本發明之建築板之生產線的側視圖。
圖3為從圖2截取之生產線的詳細視圖。
圖4為用於製造根據本發明之建築板之替代生產線的側視圖。
圖5為從圖4截取之生產線的詳細視圖。
圖6為自圖3之線6-6所截取的剖面圖。
圖7為自圖3之線7-7所截取的剖面圖。
在附圖之若干視圖中,類似參考符號係指類似組件。
本發明係關於使用聚酯膜以利於改良建築板之表面修整。該聚酯膜較佳透過黏著劑施覆至玻璃氈以形成氈/膜層壓物。於隨後將該層壓物與石膏板之表面結合。該聚酯膜因其允許施覆外表面塗層而有利。在一實施例中,將外部丙烯酸系塗層施覆至該聚酯膜。根據本發明建構的板允許達成外部修整,而不需要過多的修整材料或步驟。
參照圖1,聚酯膜22形成複合多層建築面板24之一個層。面板24可由相對的紙薄片與內部石膏核26形成。在另一實施例中,改用相對的纖維氈28替代紙薄片。纖維氈28係由以黏結劑固持在一起的隨機排列之有機或無機纖維形成。如同習知的EGRG板,氈28係有孔以容許氈28在組裝期間略包埋於石膏核26中。本發明範疇亦包括使用石膏纖維板。
核26係由在上纖維氈及下纖維氈28之內表面之間完全延伸並結合至該等內表面之硬化結晶石膏基質形成。在一特定但非限制性實例中,核26之緊鄰上纖維氈及下纖維氈28之一部分具有大於核26之其餘部分之密度之密度。換言之,核26之最內部較上及下外周不緻密。此有助於強化板面而不會過度增加總板重量。
核26可視需要包括高含量的纖維及澱粉。該等纖維可為玻璃纖維、木纖維、衍生自木材之纖維、合成聚合物纖維、或紙及木纖維之聚結物。在一較佳但非限制性實例中,纖維可構成板重量的約1%以上。澱粉亦可構成板重量的約1%以上。視情況,澱粉可部分地或完全地改用合成聚合物替代。
假若使用玻璃纖維,則其等可包含約3至50毫米(mm)之長度與5至80微米(μm)之寬度。假若使用衍生的木纖維,則其等可由具有介於約0.1mm至0.5mm之間之平均長度與小於20微米(μm)之寬度之再生纖維素纖維形成。纖維聚結物之最長尺寸將為約1mm至15mm。
較佳之澱粉可係遷移性或非遷移性,包括天然、經酸解(acid thinned)、經氧化、經取代(例如,陽離子澱粉、乙基化澱粉)或經糊化之澱粉。較佳之合成聚合物將包括聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物、與聚苯乙烯磺酸酯交聯之聚乙烯吡咯啶酮、聚乙烯醇、甲基纖維素、羥乙基甲基纖維素、苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物乳膠、丙烯酸酯乳膠、丙烯酸系共聚物乳膠、聚酯樹脂、環氧樹脂、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、或聚丙烯酸。
在該較佳實施例中,聚酯膜22係由聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)形成。然而,本發明範疇亦包括使用其他聚酯膜。本發明範疇亦包括使用聚合物膜,諸如(但不限於)聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚胺基甲酸酯、聚乙酸乙烯酯、或聚乙烯醇膜。膜22之內表面可經改質以改良其黏附至下層及促進形成層壓物之能力。例如,該內表面可透過電暈或火焰處理進行改質。
使用黏著劑32來將聚酯膜22黏附至上氈28之外表面。較佳之黏著劑為熱熔融聚合物黏著劑。黏著劑可經熱活化。亦可使用其他聚合物基樹脂。黏著劑組合物可包含用於抗紫外線(UV)、抗微生物抗性之添加劑、或其他促進黏附之添加劑。可使用輥隙或輥來活化黏著劑32及因此使膜22接合至上氈28之外表面。該步驟可在製造最終複合板24時需要的其他步驟之前且分開地進行。或者,膜22及氈28可在順著板成型臺44的某一點之處接合在一起(參見圖2)。上氈28與所黏附的聚酯膜22共同形成層壓薄片42。黏著劑32形成纖維氈28上之外層,其為平滑且大體上不含構成氈28之纖維。結果,膜22產生出外觀平整之平滑外施覆表面。膜22因此呈現針對隨後修整材料,諸如丙烯酸系物或類似材料之極佳表面。實務上,膜22之外表面可由範圍自0.001英寸之最小深度至約0.01英寸之最大深度之微小構形不一致組成。在一可行替代例中,膜22可具有黏附至其兩個外表面之黏著劑,使得膜22可結合至多個不同層。
於此後將修整塗層34施覆至膜22之暴露表面。在該較佳實施例中,修整塗層34為丙烯酸系物。將丙烯酸系塗層34施覆至聚酯膜22之表面以提供具有平滑外表面修整之板24。丙烯酸系塗層34亦有益,此乃因其可提供塗漆黏著性及無光澤修整。在一替代實施例中,可在將層壓物遞送至板成型線44之前將丙烯酸系塗層34黏附至膜22及氈28。
穿孔可形成於膜22且/或形成於氈28中以避免在隨後乾燥板24期間起泡。此可藉由在將其黏附至氈28之前對膜22穿孔來達成。或者,氈28及膜22可一起在形成層壓物之後穿孔。在任一情況中,穿孔容許在隨後乾燥複合板24期間傳輸包括(但不限於)水蒸氣之蒸氣。更具體言之,在板通過一或多個乾燥機時,水蒸氣從部分或完全水合石膏釋出。在無穿孔下,從核26中驅趕出來的水蒸氣會導致上紙或纖維氈之起泡或變形。
圖2說明一可行的根據本發明之用於製造建築板之製造製程。氈28自供給輥(未顯示)鬆開繼而與膜22接觸。氈28及膜22一起被帶至夾輥38與冷硬輥36之間。在氈28及膜22併在一起時,模具將黏著劑32供給至輥隙。黏著劑32使膜22結合至氈28之外表面。氈28及膜22共同形成於隨後遞送至生產線44之層壓物42。接著供給石膏漿料至氈28之與所黏附膜22相對的表面。石膏漿料係自混合器46遞送。膜/氈層壓物42較佳係包埋於沉積漿料中。可包括振子以確保足夠程度之穿透。穿透程度可在0.5%至101%範圍內。亦即,所沉積的漿料可穿透層壓物42厚度之介於0.5%至101%之間。可自供給輥48遞送纖維氈28之另一供應以形成建築板之相對側。圖3為夾輥38及冷硬輥36之更詳細視圖。圖6之橫截面亦顯示所得層壓物42。具體而言,層壓物42係由纖維氈28、黏著劑32及膜22形成。
本發明範疇包括作為共擠出物以液化形式施覆黏著劑32及膜22。膜22可在到達生產線44之前施覆至氈28。或者,如圖2描繪,膜 22及氈28可經黏附作為單一製造製程之一部分。膜22可類似地在位於生產線44下游的某一點處黏附。例如,膜22可在乾燥機之前或之後施覆。膜22可經化學預處理以與黏著劑32中之化合物、軟化劑、酸、鹼化劑、蠟、或其組合化學結合。該種化學結合改良膜與黏著劑32之間之機械及/或化學黏附。
圖4及5說明替代製造製程。該製程與上述參考製程在大多數方面相同。然而,在形成氈28及膜22層壓物後,施覆丙烯酸系塗層34於膜22頂部上。圖7為所得層壓物之橫截面視圖,其係由氈28、黏著劑32、膜22、及丙烯酸系塗層34組成。
雖然本發明已就特定實施例及一般相關聯的方法進行描述,但熟習此項技藝者當明瞭該等實施例及方法之變動及置換。據此,上文的實例實施例之描述不限定或約束本發明。在不脫離本發明之精神及範疇下,其他改變、替代、及改動亦可行。
22‧‧‧聚酯膜
24‧‧‧複合多層建築面板
26‧‧‧內部石膏核
28‧‧‧纖維氈
32‧‧‧黏著劑
34‧‧‧修整塗層

Claims (24)

  1. 一種複合多層建築面板,其包括:對置的上纖維氈及下纖維氈,該等氈係多孔且各氈具有內及外表面;硬化石膏核,其在該等上纖維氈及下纖維氈之該等內表面之間延伸並與其結合,該硬化石膏核之緊鄰該上纖維氈及下纖維氈之部分具有較該硬化石膏核之其餘部分大的密度;具有內及外表面之聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)膜,該內表面係經電暈處理改質以改良結合;熱熔融聚合物黏著劑,其將該PET膜之經改質內表面黏附至該上氈之該外表面,藉此該PET膜與該上纖維氈結合;施覆至該PET膜之該外表面之丙烯酸系塗層,該丙烯酸系塗層提供對該複合多層建築面板之表面修整。
  2. 一種建築面板,其包括:至少一個具有內及外表面之氈;結合至該氈之該內表面之硬化核;具有內及外表面之聚酯膜;將該聚酯膜之該內表面黏附至該氈之該外表面之黏著劑,藉此該聚酯膜與該上纖維氈結合。
  3. 如請求項2之建築面板,其中該建築面板包括各自由藉由黏結劑固持在一起的經隨機排列之無機纖維形成的上氈及下氈。
  4. 如請求項2之建築面板,其中該硬化核之緊鄰該氈之該部分具有較該硬化石膏核之其餘部分大的密度。
  5. 如請求項2之建築面板,其中該聚酯膜之該內表面係經改質以改良黏著劑結合。
  6. 如請求項5之建築面板,其中該聚酯膜之該內表面係透過電暈處理來改質。
  7. 如請求項5之建築面板,其中該聚酯膜之該內表面係透過火焰處理來改質。
  8. 如請求項2之建築面板,其中該黏著劑為熱熔融聚合物黏著劑。
  9. 如請求項2之建築面板,其進一步包括施覆至該聚酯膜之該外表面之丙烯酸系塗層,該丙烯酸系塗層提供對該建築面板之表面修整。
  10. 如請求項2之建築面板,其中該聚酯膜為聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)膜。
  11. 如請求項2之建築面板,其中該聚酯膜係經穿孔。
  12. 一種建築面板,其包括:包括結合至薄片之穿孔聚酯膜之層壓物;硬化石膏核;包埋於該硬化石膏核中之層壓物。
  13. 如請求項12之建築面板,其中該聚酯膜及該薄片二者均係經穿孔。
  14. 如請求項12之建築面板,其中該聚酯膜為聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)膜。
  15. 如請求項12之建築面板,其進一步包括施覆至該聚酯膜之該外表面之丙烯酸系塗層,該丙烯酸系塗層提供對該建築面板之表面修整。
  16. 如請求項12之建築面板,其進一步包括用於將該聚酯膜結合至該薄片之壓感黏著劑。
  17. 如請求項12之建築面板,其中該薄片包括紙內襯。
  18. 如請求項12之建築面板,其中該薄片包括藉由黏結劑固持在一 起的纖維氈。
  19. 如請求項12之建築面板,其中該層壓物包埋於該石膏中之程度係介於該層壓物總厚度之約0.5%至101%之間。
  20. 如請求項2之建築面板,其中該核包含高含量的纖維及澱粉。
  21. 如請求項20之建築面板,其中該等纖維佔該核重量之1%以上。
  22. 如請求項20之建築面板,其中該澱粉佔該核重量之1%以上。
  23. 如請求項20之建築面板,其中改用合成聚合物替代該澱粉。
  24. 如請求項2之建築面板,其中該核包括硬化石膏。
TW104101112A 2014-01-13 2015-01-13 具有改良表面特性之聚酯層壓建築板 TW201538320A (zh)

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