TW201413243A - Universal testing machine, linear actuator and torsion testing machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a linear actuator, a twist test device and a mechanical test device. In a general-purpose test device and a linear actuator which drive a cross head by a servo motor and a feed screw mechanism, the servo motor and a linear guide of the feed screw mechanism are fixed to a single support plate. It is preferable that a drive shaft of the servo motor be coupled to the feed screw by a rigid coupling or a semi-rigid coupling. Moreover, in a twist test device which applies a twist load to a test piece by the servo motor and a speed reduction mechanism, both of the servo motor and the speed reduction mechanism are fixed to a first support member as a single member. It is preferable that a drive shaft of the servo motor be coupled to an input shaft of the speed reduction mechanism by the rigid coupling or the semi-rigid coupling.

Description

通用測試機台、線性驅動器及扭力測試機台 Universal test machine, linear drive and torque test machine

本發明係關於一種通用測試機台、適於該通用測試機台之線性驅動器及扭力測試機台。 The present invention relates to a universal testing machine, a linear actuator suitable for the universal testing machine, and a torque testing machine.

以往，為了評估材料及構造物的強度、剛性等，係利用在材料等上施加拉伸、壓縮及/或彎曲應力的材料測試機台。此種材料測試機台，一般而言稱為通用測試機台。通用測試機台例如記載於日本特開第2003-106965號及日本特開第2003-90786號(均納入日本公開專利公報中)的機台。 Conventionally, in order to evaluate the strength and rigidity of materials and structures, a material testing machine that applies tensile, compressive, and/or bending stress to materials or the like is used. This type of material testing machine is generally referred to as a universal testing machine. A general-purpose test machine is described in, for example, a machine that is described in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2003-106965 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-90786 (both incorporated by reference.

記載於日本特開第2003-106965號及日本特開第2003-90786號之通用測試機台，具有：固定於機台框架之固定部、對機台框架可在指定方向(如上下方向)移動地構成之十字頭、及用於使該十字頭移動之驅動裝置。拉伸測試係將測試片之一端固定於固定部，將另一端固定於十字頭，藉由驅動十字頭於從固定部離開之方向而進行。此外，壓縮測試係在十字頭與固定部夾著測試片之狀態下，藉由將十字頭以接近固定部之方式驅動而進行。彎曲測試如以固定部或十字頭之一方兩點支撐測試片，以另一方一點支撐測試片，將十字頭以接近於固定部之方式驅動而進行(三點彎曲測試)。 The universal testing machine described in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2003-106965 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-90786 has a fixing portion fixed to the machine frame, and can move in a specified direction (upward direction) to the machine frame. A crosshead formed by the ground and a driving device for moving the crosshead. The tensile test is to fix one end of the test piece to the fixed portion and the other end to the crosshead by driving the crosshead in a direction away from the fixed portion. Further, the compression test is performed by driving the crosshead close to the fixed portion in a state in which the test piece is sandwiched between the crosshead and the fixed portion. The bending test is performed by supporting the test piece at one of two points of the fixed portion or the crosshead, supporting the test piece at the other point, and driving the crosshead in a manner close to the fixed portion (three-point bending test).

驅動通用測試機台之十字頭的驅動裝置，例如有記載於日本特開第2003-106965號之電動式線性驅動器，及記載於日本特開第2003-90786號之油壓式線性驅動器等。使用油壓式線性驅動器之測試機台係構成藉由使用泵將高壓工作油送入油缸之裝置，或是從油缸除去工作油之裝置等，而驅動聯結於十字頭之油缸。如此，因為油壓式線性驅動器係藉由油壓缸直接驅動十字頭者，所以反應延遲小，可輕易以高頻且希望之振動波形使十字頭振動，可以短時間進行疲勞測試。反之，使用油壓式線性驅動器之測 試機台在使用中存在因工作油洩漏及油霧等發生周邊環境污染、因設置工作油槽導致設備大型化、因驅動器定期維修及工作油更換而產生營運成本增大及大量消耗天然資源、及泵產生噪音的問題。 For example, there is an electric linear actuator described in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2003-106965, and a hydraulic linear actuator described in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2003-90786. The test machine system using the hydraulic linear actuator constitutes a cylinder that is coupled to the crosshead by means of a device that pumps a high-pressure working oil into the cylinder, or a device that removes the working oil from the cylinder. In this way, since the hydraulic linear actuator directly drives the crosshead by the hydraulic cylinder, the reaction delay is small, and the crosshead can be easily vibrated by the high-frequency and desired vibration waveform, and the fatigue test can be performed in a short time. Conversely, using a hydraulic linear drive During the use of the test machine, there are environmental pollution caused by working oil leakage and oil mist, large equipment due to the installation of working oil tanks, increased operating costs due to regular maintenance of the drive and replacement of working oil, and large consumption of natural resources, and The problem of noise generated by the pump.

電動式線性驅動器使用例如記載於日本特開第2003-106965號之採用進給螺桿機構。因為進給螺桿機構可輕易承受大負載，且精確地移動驅動對象，所以，可以說與其他電動式驅動器(採用線性馬達及齒輪齒條機構者)比較，適於通用測試機台。 For the electric linear actuator, for example, a feed screw mechanism described in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2003-106965 is used. Since the feed screw mechanism can easily withstand large loads and accurately move the drive object, it can be said that it is suitable for a general-purpose test machine as compared with other electric drives (using a linear motor and a rack and pinion mechanism).

由於使用上述進給螺桿驅動機構之電動式線性驅動器的測試機台，僅藉由電動式伺服馬達與進給螺桿機構即可驅動十字頭，所以，可以說與需要工作油槽及大型泵之油壓式驅動器的測試機台比較，在對機台周圍環境的負擔、營運成本、及測試機台小型化等方面具有優勢。 Since the test machine of the electric linear actuator using the above-mentioned feed screw drive mechanism can drive the crosshead only by the electric servo motor and the feed screw mechanism, it can be said that the hydraulic pressure of the working oil tank and the large pump is required. The test machine's test machine has advantages in terms of the burden on the environment around the machine, the operating cost, and the miniaturization of the test machine.

此外，為了評估長條狀構件之指定軸周圍的強度、剛性等，係取代通用測試機台，而使用扭力測試機台。扭力測試機台係在兩端支撐測試片，在一端施加支撐軸周圍的扭矩，而扭轉測試片者。此種扭力測試機台如有記載於日本特開平第10-274609號(日本公開專利公報)之機台。 In addition, in order to evaluate the strength, rigidity, and the like around the designated shaft of the elongated member, a universal test machine is used instead of the torque test machine. The torque test machine supports the test piece at both ends, applying a torque around the support shaft at one end, and twisting the test piece. The torque tester is described in the Japanese Patent Publication No. 10-274609 (Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication).

記載於日本特開平第10-274609號之扭力測試機台係在基座上固定框架，在該框架之水平面上設有一對支撐構件(在垂直方向擴大之板狀構件)。各支撐構件中安裝有用於在兩端把持測試片的卡盤。安裝於一方支撐構件的卡盤經由減速機構及聯結器而與伺服馬達之驅動軸聯結。此外，安裝於另一方支撐構件之卡盤與支撐構件成為一體，藉由把持測試片之一端，而固定於另一方之支撐構件。因此，藉由驅動伺服馬達，可扭轉被卡盤把持之測試片。 The torque testing machine described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 10-274609 fixes a frame on a base, and a pair of support members (plate-shaped members that are enlarged in the vertical direction) are provided on the horizontal surface of the frame. A chuck for holding the test piece at both ends is mounted in each of the support members. The chuck attached to one of the support members is coupled to the drive shaft of the servo motor via a speed reduction mechanism and a coupler. Further, the chuck attached to the other supporting member is integrated with the supporting member, and is fixed to the other supporting member by holding one end of the test piece. Therefore, by driving the servo motor, the test piece held by the chuck can be twisted.

一般而言，伺服馬達適合以低扭矩且高速地使驅動軸旋轉。另外，扭力測試機台中，須以高扭矩且較低速扭轉測試片。因而，使用伺服馬達之扭力測試機台中，可在伺服馬達之驅動軸與卡盤之間設置蝸輪等之減速機構，進行使用伺服馬達之高扭矩的扭力測試。 In general, the servo motor is adapted to rotate the drive shaft with low torque and high speed. In addition, in the torque test machine, the test piece must be twisted at a high torque and at a lower speed. Therefore, in the torque test machine using the servo motor, a speed reduction mechanism such as a worm wheel can be provided between the drive shaft of the servo motor and the chuck to perform a high torque torque test using the servo motor.

一種使用上述通用測試機台及扭力測試機台而一般性進行的測試，例如疲勞測試。所謂疲勞測試，係在測試片上反覆施加負載(應變)，計測直到測試片破損的周期次數等者。此種疲勞測試中，為了可在短時間完成測 試，須儘可能增加每單位時間之反覆負載的周期次數。 A general test, such as a fatigue test, using the above-described universal test machine and torque test machine. The fatigue test is a method in which a load (strain) is repeatedly applied to a test piece, and the number of cycles until the test piece is broken is measured. In this fatigue test, in order to complete the test in a short time Try to increase the number of cycles of repeated load per unit time.

[發明所欲解決之問題] [The problem that the invention wants to solve]

如前述，使用進給螺桿機構之通用測試機台需要聯結伺服馬達之驅動軸與進給螺桿。同樣地，扭力測試機台需要聯結伺服馬達之驅動軸與減速機構之輸入軸。一般而言，聯結進給螺桿或減速機構之輸入軸與伺服馬達的驅動軸時，需要將聯結之兩軸高度精確地定位(定心)。但是，以通常之加工及組合精度(如±100μm程度之誤差)製作時，在伺服馬達之驅動軸與進給螺桿之間產生無法忽略程度的軸偏差(偏心或偏角)。因而，以由高剛性材料所形成之剛性聯結器聯結兩軸時，軸上發生大的彎曲應力，而無法使進給螺桿及減速機構之輸入軸平滑地旋轉。因而，先前之通用測試機台或扭力測試機台中，係藉由可吸收軸偏差產生之彎曲應力的軟性聯結器，聯結進給螺桿或減速機構之輸入軸與伺服馬達的驅動軸。軟性聯結器係柔軟之軸接頭，藉由彈性體緩和前述之彎曲應力，而可將驅動軸(伺服馬達之驅動軸)之旋轉扭矩平滑地傳達至從動軸(進給螺桿)。 As mentioned above, a universal test machine using a feed screw mechanism requires a drive shaft and a feed screw that couple the servo motor. Similarly, the torque test machine needs to couple the drive shaft of the servo motor with the input shaft of the speed reduction mechanism. In general, when coupling the input shaft of the feed screw or reduction mechanism to the drive shaft of the servo motor, it is necessary to accurately position (center) the two axes of the coupling. However, when it is produced in the usual processing and combination precision (for example, an error of about ±100 μm), an axial deviation (eccentricity or declination) of an unavoidable degree is generated between the drive shaft of the servo motor and the feed screw. Therefore, when the two couplings are coupled by a rigid coupling formed of a highly rigid material, a large bending stress occurs on the shaft, and the input shafts of the feed screw and the speed reduction mechanism cannot be smoothly rotated. Therefore, in the conventional universal test machine or the torque test machine, the input shaft of the feed screw or the speed reduction mechanism and the drive shaft of the servo motor are coupled by a soft coupling that absorbs the bending stress generated by the shaft deviation. The soft coupling is a flexible shaft joint, and the rotational torque of the drive shaft (the drive shaft of the servo motor) can be smoothly transmitted to the driven shaft (feed screw) by the elastic body relaxing the bending stress.

如上述，因為軟性聯結器係經由彈性體而傳達扭矩之聯結器，所以除了彎曲應力之外，亦吸收某種程度之扭矩。使用軟性聯結器之扭力方向的剛性不太高之聯結器時，以高周期來回旋轉運動輸入軸(伺服馬達之旋轉軸)時，聯結器無法追隨輸入軸之運動，導致輸出軸之振幅變小。因而，以軟性聯結器聯結輸入軸與輸出軸時，無法使輸出軸以高周期來回旋轉運動。 As described above, since the soft coupling transmits the torque coupling via the elastic body, in addition to the bending stress, a certain degree of torque is absorbed. When a coupling with a low rigidity in the torque direction of the soft coupling is used, when the motion input shaft (the rotation shaft of the servo motor) is rotated back and forth at a high cycle, the coupling cannot follow the movement of the input shaft, resulting in a smaller amplitude of the output shaft. . Therefore, when the input shaft and the output shaft are coupled by the soft coupling, the output shaft cannot be rotated back and forth at a high cycle.

如此，藉由電動伺服馬達與進給螺桿機構使十字頭來回之通用測試機台中，無法高周期地將反覆負載正確地施予測試片。因而，先前無法以使用進給螺桿機構之通用測試機台在短時間進行疲勞測試，此種用途中只能使用油壓驅動機構之通用測試機台。同樣地，經由減速機而將測試片之一端連接於伺服馬達的扭力測試機台無法在短時間進行疲勞測試。 As described above, in the universal test machine in which the crosshead is moved back and forth by the electric servomotor and the feed screw mechanism, the reverse load cannot be accurately applied to the test piece at a high cycle. Therefore, it has not been possible to perform fatigue testing in a short time with a universal test machine using a feed screw mechanism, and only a general-purpose test machine of a hydraulic drive mechanism can be used for such a use. Similarly, the torque test machine in which one end of the test piece is connected to the servo motor via the speed reducer cannot perform the fatigue test in a short time.

[解決問題之裝置] [Device for solving problems]

本發明係為了解決上述問題。亦即，本發明之目的為提供一種可進行高精確度之組合，藉由使用高剛性之聯結器，可以高反覆速度將負載施加 於測試片之通用測試機台、扭力測試機台、及可適用於此種通用測試機台之電動式驅動器。 The present invention has been made to solve the above problems. That is, it is an object of the present invention to provide a combination of high precision that can be applied at a high repetitive speed by using a highly rigid coupling. A universal test machine for test pieces, a torque test machine, and an electric drive that can be applied to such a universal test machine.

為了解決上述問題，本發明之實施例的通用測試機台及電動式驅動器，具有：伺服馬達，其係使驅動軸來回旋轉運動；滾珠螺桿；半剛性聯結器，其係同軸地聯結前述滾珠螺桿與前述伺服馬達之驅動軸；螺母，其係與前述滾珠螺桿卡合；線性導軌，其係將前述螺母之移動方向僅限制於前述滾珠螺桿之軸方向；固定部，其係抵接或固定測試片之一端；十字頭，其係抵接或固定前述測試片之另一端，固定於前述螺母，而與前述螺母一起移動；及支撐板，其一面固定有前述伺服馬達，其另一面固定有前述線性導軌；在前述支撐板上設有前述滾珠螺桿之開口部，在該開口部固定有能夠旋轉地支持該滾珠螺桿的角接觸球軸承之外圈，前述半剛性聯結器包括：作為剛體組件的一對外圈，其在中心貫穿形成有錐形孔；及作為彈性組件或黏彈性組件的內圈，其配置於前述一對外圈之間，在中心形成有圓柱狀的貫通孔，所述圓柱狀的貫通孔係用於通過欲聯結之軸，在外周的軸方向兩端形成有能夠分別與前述一對外圈的錐形孔的內周卡合的錐形面；在前述內圈的貫通孔中***前述滾珠螺桿和前述伺服馬達之驅動軸，使前述一對外圈的錐形孔的內周與前述內周的錐形面抵接，利用螺栓將前述一對外圈彼此相互固定，由此通過前述內圈隔開間隔地聯結前述伺服馬達之驅動軸的頂端與前述滾珠螺桿之軸部的頂端。 In order to solve the above problems, a universal testing machine and an electric drive according to an embodiment of the present invention have a servo motor that rotates a drive shaft back and forth, a ball screw, and a semi-rigid coupling that coaxially couples the ball screw. a drive shaft of the servo motor; a nut that is engaged with the ball screw; and a linear guide that limits the moving direction of the nut to only the axial direction of the ball screw; and the fixing portion is abutted or fixed. One end of the piece; a crosshead that abuts or fixes the other end of the test piece, is fixed to the nut and moves together with the nut; and the support plate has the servo motor fixed on one side thereof and the aforementioned side fixed on the other side a linear guide rail; an opening portion of the ball screw is disposed on the support plate, and an angular contact ball bearing outer ring rotatably supporting the ball screw is fixed to the opening portion, and the semi-rigid coupling includes: a rigid body assembly An outer ring having a tapered hole formed therein; and an inner ring as an elastic component or a viscoelastic component, configured Between the outer rings, a columnar through hole is formed in the center, and the columnar through hole is formed by the shaft to be coupled, and is formed at both ends of the outer circumference in the axial direction. a tapered surface that engages the inner circumference of the tapered hole; a drive shaft of the ball screw and the servo motor is inserted into the through hole of the inner ring to make the inner circumference of the tapered hole of the outer ring and the inner circumference When the tapered surface abuts, the outer ring is fixed to each other by a bolt, and the tip end of the drive shaft of the servo motor and the tip end of the shaft portion of the ball screw are coupled to each other at intervals by the inner ring.

此外，本發明之實施例的扭力測試機台框架，其係固定於基座上；伺服馬達，其使驅動軸往復旋轉運動；波動齒輪減速機構；半剛性聯結器，其係同軸地聯結前述波動齒輪減速機構之輸入軸與前述伺服馬達之驅動軸；第一把持部，其係固定於前述波動齒輪減速機構之輸出軸上，而把持測試片之一端；第二把持部，其係固定於前述框架上，而把持該測試片之另一端；及第一支撐構件，其係固定於前述框架上，並且在其一面固定前述伺服馬達，在其另一面固定有前述減速機構波動齒輪，前述半剛性聯結器包括：作為剛體組件的一對外圈，其在中心貫穿形成有錐形孔；及作為彈性組件或黏彈性組件的內圈，其配置於前述一對外圈之間，在中心形成有圓柱狀的貫通孔，所述圓柱狀的貫通孔係用於通過欲聯結之軸，在外周 的軸方向兩端形成有能夠分別與前述一對外圈的錐形孔的內周卡合的錐形面；在前述內圈的貫通孔中***前述波動齒輪減速機構之輸入軸和前述伺服馬達之驅動軸，使前述一對外圈的錐形孔的內周與前述內周的錐形面抵接，利用螺栓將前述一對外圈彼此相互固定，由此通過前述內圈隔開間隔地聯結前述伺服馬達之驅動軸的頂端與前述輸入軸的頂端。 Further, the torsion test machine frame of the embodiment of the present invention is fixed to the base; a servo motor that reciprocates the drive shaft; a wave gear reduction mechanism; and a semi-rigid coupling that coaxially couples the aforementioned wave An input shaft of the gear reduction mechanism and a drive shaft of the servo motor; a first grip portion fixed to an output shaft of the wave gear reduction mechanism and holding one end of the test piece; and a second grip portion fixed to the foregoing a frame, and holding the other end of the test piece; and a first supporting member fixed to the frame, and fixing the servo motor on one side thereof, and fixing the wave gear of the speed reduction mechanism on the other surface thereof, the semi-rigid The coupling includes: an outer ring as a rigid body assembly having a tapered hole formed therein; and an inner ring as an elastic component or a viscoelastic component disposed between the outer ring and having a cylindrical shape at the center Through hole, the cylindrical through hole is used to pass the shaft to be joined, on the outer circumference The both ends of the axial direction are formed with tapered surfaces that are respectively engageable with the inner circumference of the tapered hole of the outer ring; the input shaft of the wave gear reduction mechanism and the servo motor are inserted into the through hole of the inner ring. a drive shaft that abuts an inner circumference of the tapered hole of the outer ring and a tapered surface of the inner circumference, and fixes the outer ring to each other by a bolt, thereby coupling the servo through the inner ring at intervals The top end of the drive shaft of the motor and the top end of the aforementioned input shaft.

1‧‧‧通用測試機台 1‧‧‧Universal test machine

10‧‧‧機台框架部 10‧‧‧Machine Frame Department

10’‧‧‧機台框架部 10’‧‧‧ Machine Frame Department

11‧‧‧腳部 11‧‧‧ feet

11a‧‧‧上面 11a‧‧‧above

11b‧‧‧內側側面 11b‧‧‧ inside side

12‧‧‧導桿 12‧‧‧guides

13‧‧‧頂部 13‧‧‧ top

13a‧‧‧貫穿孔 13a‧‧‧through holes

20‧‧‧固定部 20‧‧‧ Fixed Department

21‧‧‧上部載台 21‧‧‧Upper stage

21a‧‧‧貫穿孔 21a‧‧‧through holes

21b‧‧‧螺栓孔 21b‧‧‧Bolt hole

21c‧‧‧螺栓 21c‧‧‧ bolt

22‧‧‧進給螺桿 22‧‧‧feed screw

23a‧‧‧螺母 23a‧‧‧Nuts

24a‧‧‧逕向滾珠軸承 24a‧‧‧radial ball bearings

24b‧‧‧軸承支撐部 24b‧‧‧bearing support

25‧‧‧馬達 25‧‧‧Motor

25a‧‧‧驅動軸 25a‧‧‧Drive shaft

26‧‧‧齒輪盒 26‧‧‧ Gear box

26a‧‧‧輸出軸 26a‧‧‧ Output shaft

33a‧‧‧側面 33a‧‧‧ side

33b‧‧‧下面 33b‧‧‧ below

33c‧‧‧上面 33c‧‧‧above

33d‧‧‧貫穿孔 33d‧‧‧through holes

33e‧‧‧陰螺紋 33e‧‧‧ female thread

34‧‧‧剛性聯結器 34‧‧‧Rigid coupling

34a‧‧‧上部圓筒部 34a‧‧‧Upper cylinder

34b‧‧‧下部圓筒部 34b‧‧‧ lower cylindrical part

34B‧‧‧筒狀本體 34B‧‧‧Cylinder body

34c‧‧‧上部開口部 34c‧‧‧Upper opening

34d‧‧‧下部開口部 34d‧‧‧lower opening

34e‧‧‧狹窄部 34e‧‧‧Sarrow

34f‧‧‧狹窄部 34f‧‧‧Sarrow

35‧‧‧AC伺服馬達 35‧‧‧AC servo motor

35a‧‧‧驅動軸 35a‧‧‧Drive shaft

36‧‧‧滾珠螺桿 36‧‧‧Rolling screw

36a‧‧‧螺桿部 36a‧‧‧ Screw Department

36b‧‧‧軸部 36b‧‧‧Axis

36c‧‧‧陽螺紋 36c‧‧‧ male thread

37‧‧‧馬達支撐框架 37‧‧‧Motor support frame

40‧‧‧線性導軌 40‧‧‧Linear guide

26b‧‧‧主動皮帶輪 26b‧‧‧Proactive pulley

27‧‧‧無端皮帶 27‧‧‧Endless belt

28‧‧‧附件 28‧‧‧Annex

30‧‧‧可移動部 30‧‧‧Removable Department

31‧‧‧下部載台 31‧‧‧Lower stage

31a‧‧‧滾珠絲槓用螺母 31a‧‧·The nut for ball screw

31b‧‧‧十字頭 31b‧‧‧ crosshead

33‧‧‧工作台 33‧‧‧Workbench

42‧‧‧導引框 42‧‧‧ lead frame

42a‧‧‧側壁 42a‧‧‧ Sidewall

42b‧‧‧上部壁面 42b‧‧‧ upper wall

42c‧‧‧開口部 42c‧‧‧ openings

44‧‧‧軌道 44‧‧‧ Track

44a‧‧‧溝 44a‧‧‧ditch

44a’‧‧‧溝 44a’‧‧‧Ditch

46‧‧‧移動塊 46‧‧‧moving block

46a‧‧‧溝 46a‧‧‧ditch

46a’‧‧‧溝 46a’‧‧‧Ditch

46b‧‧‧滾珠 46b‧‧‧ balls

46c‧‧‧退出路徑 46c‧‧‧Exit path

46d‧‧‧U字形路徑 46d‧‧‧U-shaped path

130‧‧‧固定用環 130‧‧‧Fixed ring

132‧‧‧內輪 132‧‧‧ Inner wheel

132a‧‧‧外周面 132a‧‧‧ outer perimeter

132b‧‧‧內周面 132b‧‧‧ inner circumference

132c‧‧‧凸緣部 132c‧‧‧Flange

132d‧‧‧螺栓孔 132d‧‧‧Bolt hole

134‧‧‧外圈 134‧‧‧ outer ring

134a‧‧‧內周面 134a‧‧‧ inner circumference

134b‧‧‧外周面 134b‧‧‧ outer perimeter

134e‧‧‧陰螺紋 134e‧‧‧ female thread

136‧‧‧螺栓 136‧‧‧ bolts

140‧‧‧固定用環 140‧‧‧Fixed ring

142‧‧‧內輪 142‧‧‧ Inner wheel

142a‧‧‧外周面 142a‧‧‧ outer perimeter

142b‧‧‧內周面 142b‧‧‧ inner circumference

142c‧‧‧凸緣部 142c‧‧‧Flange

142d‧‧‧螺栓孔 142d‧‧‧Bolt hole

144‧‧‧外圈 144‧‧‧ outer ring

144a‧‧‧內周面 144a‧‧‧ inner circumference

144b‧‧‧圓筒面 144b‧‧‧Cylinder

144c‧‧‧陰螺紋 144c‧‧‧ female thread

146‧‧‧螺栓 146‧‧‧ bolt

150‧‧‧軸承部 150‧‧‧ Bearing Department

151‧‧‧組合角滾珠軸承 151‧‧‧Combined angular ball bearings

151a‧‧‧角滾珠軸承 151a‧‧ angular bearing

151b‧‧‧角滾珠軸承 151b‧‧‧Angle ball bearing

152‧‧‧第一軸承安裝構件 152‧‧‧First bearing mounting member

152a‧‧‧凸緣部 152a‧‧‧Flange

152b‧‧‧貫穿孔 152b‧‧‧through hole

153‧‧‧第二軸承安裝構件 153‧‧‧Second bearing mounting member

153a‧‧‧貫穿孔 153a‧‧‧through holes

153b‧‧‧盲板 153b‧‧‧Blind board

154‧‧‧第一套環 154‧‧‧ first ring

155‧‧‧第二套環 155‧‧‧ second ring

156‧‧‧螺母 156‧‧‧ nuts

157a‧‧‧油封 157a‧‧‧ oil seal

157b‧‧‧油封 157b‧‧‧ oil seal

158a‧‧‧螺栓 158a‧‧‧Bolt

158b‧‧‧螺栓 158b‧‧‧ bolt

159‧‧‧襯墊 159‧‧‧ cushion

200‧‧‧控制計測部 200‧‧‧Control and Measurement Department

210‧‧‧設定值指示單元 210‧‧‧Setpoint indicator unit

212‧‧‧輸入介面 212‧‧‧Input interface

214‧‧‧波形產生電路 214‧‧‧ Waveform generating circuit

220‧‧‧驅動控制單元 220‧‧‧Drive Control Unit

222‧‧‧D/A轉換器 222‧‧‧D/A converter

224‧‧‧放大器 224‧‧Amplifier

226‧‧‧現在位置運算電路 226‧‧‧Location Positioning Circuit

228‧‧‧電流產生電路 228‧‧‧current generation circuit

254‧‧‧負載傳感器 254‧‧‧Load sensor

256‧‧‧橋接電路 256‧‧‧ Bridge circuit

258‧‧‧A/D轉換器 258‧‧‧A/D converter

259‧‧‧輸出介面 259‧‧‧Output interface

300‧‧‧半剛性聯結器 300‧‧‧Semi-rigid coupling

320‧‧‧外圈 320‧‧‧ outer ring

340‧‧‧外圈 340‧‧‧Outer ring

322‧‧‧內側面 322‧‧‧ inside

342‧‧‧內側面 342‧‧‧ inside

360‧‧‧內輪 360‧‧‧Inner wheel

360a‧‧‧凸緣部 360a‧‧‧Flange

362a‧‧‧圓孔 362a‧‧‧ round hole

362b‧‧‧圓孔 362b‧‧‧ round hole

364‧‧‧外側面 364‧‧‧Outside

366‧‧‧外側面 366‧‧‧Outside

324‧‧‧螺栓孔 324‧‧‧Bolt holes

368‧‧‧螺栓孔 368‧‧‧Bolt holes

382‧‧‧螺栓 382‧‧‧ bolt

501‧‧‧扭力測試機台 501‧‧‧Torque test machine

510‧‧‧下部框架 510‧‧‧lower frame

511‧‧‧一對溝 511‧‧‧ a pair of ditch

511a‧‧‧上部 511a‧‧‧ upper

511b‧‧‧下部 511b‧‧‧ lower

512‧‧‧螺栓 512‧‧‧ bolt

512a‧‧‧六角孔 512a‧‧‧ hexagonal hole

513‧‧‧螺母 513‧‧‧ nuts

514‧‧‧空洞部 514‧‧ ‧ Cavity Department

520‧‧‧固定端支撐部 520‧‧‧Fixed end support

521‧‧‧固定端支撐板 521‧‧‧Fixed end support plate

521a‧‧‧貫穿孔 521a‧‧‧through hole

522‧‧‧固定端側之側框架 522‧‧‧Side side frame

522a‧‧‧補強用之肋條 522a‧‧‧Reinforced ribs

524‧‧‧固定端側軸承 524‧‧‧Fixed end bearing

526‧‧‧支撐軸 526‧‧‧Support shaft

527‧‧‧安裝凸緣 527‧‧‧Flange

530‧‧‧驅動端支撐部 530‧‧‧Drive end support

531‧‧‧驅動端支撐板 531‧‧‧Drive end support plate

532‧‧‧驅動端側之側框架 532‧‧‧Side side frame on the drive side

532a‧‧‧補強用之肋條 532a‧‧‧Reinforced ribs

532b‧‧‧開口 532b‧‧‧ openings

533‧‧‧剛性聯結器 533‧‧‧Rigid coupling

533a‧‧‧輸出側圓筒部 533a‧‧‧Outlet side cylinder

533b‧‧‧輸入側圓筒部 533b‧‧‧ input side cylinder

533c‧‧‧輸出側開口部 533c‧‧‧Output side opening

533d‧‧‧輸入側開口部 533d‧‧‧ input side opening

533e‧‧‧狹窄部 533e‧‧‧Sarrow

533f‧‧‧狹窄部 533f‧‧‧Sarrow

535‧‧‧AC伺服馬達 535‧‧‧AC servo motor

535a‧‧‧驅動軸 535a‧‧‧ drive shaft

536‧‧‧減速機構 536‧‧‧Speed reduction mechanism

536a‧‧‧輸入軸 536a‧‧‧ input shaft

537‧‧‧安裝凸緣 537‧‧‧Flange

537a‧‧‧外周部 537a‧‧‧The outer part

538‧‧‧編碼器 538‧‧‧Encoder

538a‧‧‧皮帶輪 538a‧‧‧ Pulley

538b‧‧‧顯示部 538b‧‧‧Display Department

539‧‧‧無端皮帶 539‧‧‧Endless belt

544‧‧‧進給螺桿 544‧‧‧feed screw

545‧‧‧軸承 545‧‧‧ bearing

546‧‧‧軸承 546‧‧‧ bearing

548‧‧‧螺母 548‧‧‧ nuts

562‧‧‧負載傳感器 562‧‧‧Load sensor

572‧‧‧卡盤 572‧‧‧ chuck

574‧‧‧卡盤 574‧‧‧ chuck

572a‧‧‧爪 572a‧‧‧ claw

574a‧‧‧爪 574a‧‧‧ claw

630‧‧‧固定用環 630‧‧‧Fixed ring

632‧‧‧內輪 632‧‧‧ Inner wheel

632a‧‧‧外周面 632a‧‧‧ outer perimeter

632b‧‧‧內周面 632b‧‧‧ inner circumference

632c‧‧‧凸緣部 632c‧‧‧Flange

634‧‧‧外圈 634‧‧‧ outer ring

634a‧‧‧內周面 634a‧‧‧ inner circumference

634b‧‧‧外周面 634b‧‧‧ outer perimeter

634c‧‧‧陰螺紋 634c‧‧‧ female thread

636‧‧‧螺栓 636‧‧‧Bolts

640‧‧‧固定用環 640‧‧‧Fixed ring

642‧‧‧內輪 642‧‧‧ Inner wheel

642a‧‧‧外周面 642a‧‧‧ outer perimeter

642b‧‧‧內周面 642b‧‧‧ inner circumference

642c‧‧‧凸緣部 642c‧‧‧Flange

642d‧‧‧螺栓孔 642d‧‧‧Bolt hole

644‧‧‧外圈 644‧‧‧Outer ring

644a‧‧‧內周面 644a‧‧‧ inner circumference

644b‧‧‧外周面 644b‧‧‧ outer perimeter

644c‧‧‧陰螺紋 644c‧‧‧ female thread

646‧‧‧螺栓 646‧‧‧Bolts

700‧‧‧控制計測部 700‧‧‧Control and Measurement Department

710‧‧‧設定值指示單元 710‧‧‧Setpoint indicator unit

712‧‧‧輸入介面 712‧‧‧Input interface

714‧‧‧波形產生電路 714‧‧‧ Waveform generating circuit

720‧‧‧驅動控制單元 720‧‧‧Drive Control Unit

722‧‧‧D/A轉換器 722‧‧‧D/A converter

724‧‧‧放大器 724‧‧Amplifier

726‧‧‧現在位置運算電路 726‧‧‧Now position arithmetic circuit

728‧‧‧電流產生電路 728‧‧‧current generation circuit

750‧‧‧測定單元 750‧‧‧Measurement unit

756‧‧‧橋接電路 756‧‧‧Bridge circuit

758‧‧‧A/D轉換器 758‧‧‧A/D converter

759‧‧‧輸出介面 759‧‧‧Output interface

B‧‧‧基座 B‧‧‧Base

C‧‧‧汽車 C‧‧‧Car

S‧‧‧測試片 S‧‧‧ test piece

第一圖係本發明第一實施例之通用測試機台的前視圖。 The first drawing is a front view of a universal testing machine of the first embodiment of the present invention.

第二圖係本發明第一實施例之通用測試機台的可移動部及其周圍的縱剖面圖。 The second drawing is a longitudinal sectional view of the movable portion of the universal testing machine of the first embodiment of the present invention and its surroundings.

第三圖係本發明第一實施例之通用測試機台的剛性聯結器及其周圍的縱剖面圖。 The third drawing is a longitudinal sectional view of the rigid coupling of the universal testing machine of the first embodiment of the present invention and its surroundings.

第四圖係本發明第一實施例之通用測試機台的工作台之貫穿孔附近之縱剖面圖。 The fourth drawing is a longitudinal sectional view of the vicinity of the through hole of the table of the universal testing machine of the first embodiment of the present invention.

第五圖係在本發明第一實施例之通用測試機台中，在垂直於軌道之長軸方向的一面切斷移動塊及軌道的剖面圖。 Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the moving block and the rail cut in a direction perpendicular to the long axis direction of the track in the universal testing machine of the first embodiment of the present invention.

第六圖係第五圖之I-I剖面圖。 Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the I-I of the fifth figure.

第七圖係本發明第一實施例之通用測試機台的控制計測部之區塊圖。 The seventh drawing is a block diagram of the control measuring unit of the universal testing machine of the first embodiment of the present invention.

第八圖係顯示將本發明第一實施例之線性驅動器適用於激振測試機台的一例。 The eighth figure shows an example in which the linear actuator of the first embodiment of the present invention is applied to an excitation test machine.

第九圖係本發明第二實施例之通用測試機台的半剛性聯結器及其周圍之縱剖面圖。 The ninth drawing is a longitudinal sectional view of a semi-rigid coupling of a universal testing machine according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

第十圖係本發明第三實施例之扭力測試機台的前視圖。 The tenth drawing is a front view of the torque testing machine of the third embodiment of the present invention.

第十一圖係本發明第三實施例之扭力測試機台的俯視圖。 Figure 11 is a plan view of a torque testing machine of a third embodiment of the present invention.

第十二圖係第十一圖之II-II剖面圖。 The twelfth figure is a sectional view of II-II of the eleventh figure.

第十三圖係第十一圖之III-III剖面圖。 The thirteenth picture is a sectional view of the III-III of the eleventh figure.

第十四圖係本發明第三實施例之扭力測試機台的剛性聯結器及其周圍的縱剖面圖。 Fig. 14 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the rigid coupling of the torque testing machine of the third embodiment of the present invention and its surroundings.

第十五圖係本發明第三實施例之扭力測試機台的控制計測部之區塊圖。 The fifteenth diagram is a block diagram of a control measuring unit of the torque testing machine of the third embodiment of the present invention.

以下，就本發明之實施例，使用圖式加以詳細說明。第一圖係本發明第一實施例之通用測試機台的前視圖。如第一圖所示，本實施例之測試機台1中設有：固定於基座B之機台框架部10，與測試片之上端(或是安裝於測試片上部之夾具)抵接的固定部20，及與測試片之下部(或是安裝於測試片下部之夾具)抵接的可移動部30。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail using the drawings. The first drawing is a front view of a universal testing machine of the first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the first figure, the test machine 1 of the present embodiment is provided with a machine frame portion 10 fixed to the base B, and abutting against the upper end of the test piece (or the clamp attached to the upper portion of the test piece). The fixing portion 20 and the movable portion 30 abutting against the lower portion of the test piece (or the jig attached to the lower portion of the test piece).

本實施例中，機台框架10具有：從基座B概略垂直方向朝上延伸之一對腳部11，從該腳部11之各個上端概略垂直方向朝上延伸之一對導桿12，及以聯結兩導桿12之上端的方式而設置的頂部13。 In this embodiment, the machine frame 10 has a pair of leg portions 11 extending upward from a substantially vertical direction of the base B, and a pair of guide bars 12 extending upward from a substantially vertical direction of the upper ends of the leg portions 11, and The top portion 13 is provided in such a manner as to join the upper ends of the two guide bars 12.

在頂部13之概略中央部設有貫穿孔13a。該貫穿孔13a中插通有使固定部20在上下方向移動用之進給螺桿22。在頂部13之上設有與進給螺桿22卡合之螺母23a。符號24a係可轉動地支撐螺母23a用的逕向滾珠軸承。 此外，逕向滾珠軸承24a之外輪嵌入以無圖示之螺栓固定於頂部13之上面的軸承支撐部24b，且兩者成為一體。同樣地，螺母23a嵌入逕向滾珠軸承24a之內輪而兩者成為一體。因而，螺母23a可對軸承支撐部24b旋轉，不過無法在螺母23a之上下方向及逕向方向移動。因此，使螺母23a旋轉時，與螺母23a卡合之進給螺桿22在上下方向移動。 A through hole 13a is provided in a schematic central portion of the top portion 13. The feed screw 22 for moving the fixing portion 20 in the vertical direction is inserted into the through hole 13a. A nut 23a that engages with the feed screw 22 is provided above the top portion 13. Reference numeral 24a is a radial ball bearing for rotatably supporting the nut 23a. Further, the outer ring of the radial ball bearing 24a is fitted into the bearing support portion 24b which is fixed to the upper surface of the top portion 13 by bolts (not shown), and the two are integrated. Similarly, the nut 23a is fitted into the inner ring of the radial ball bearing 24a and the two are integrated. Therefore, the nut 23a can rotate the bearing support portion 24b, but cannot move in the downward direction and the radial direction of the nut 23a. Therefore, when the nut 23a is rotated, the feed screw 22 engaged with the nut 23a moves in the vertical direction.

在頂部13之上配置有用於驅動螺母23a之馬達25。馬達25之驅動軸25a被收納於齒輪盒26內。齒輪盒26係具有用於將輸入軸(馬達25之驅動軸25a)之旋轉減速，而傳達於輸出軸26a之熟知的齒輪機構之構件。如第一圖所示，齒輪盒26之輸出軸從齒輪盒26之下端垂直朝下地延伸。亦即，齒輪盒26具有將延伸於水平方向之驅動軸25a的旋轉運動轉換成延伸於垂直方向之輸出軸26a的旋轉運動之功能。 A motor 25 for driving the nut 23a is disposed above the top portion 13. The drive shaft 25a of the motor 25 is housed in the gear case 26. The gear case 26 has a member for decelerating the rotation of the input shaft (the drive shaft 25a of the motor 25) and transmitting it to the well-known gear mechanism of the output shaft 26a. As shown in the first figure, the output shaft of the gear case 26 extends vertically downward from the lower end of the gear case 26. That is, the gear case 26 has a function of converting the rotational motion of the drive shaft 25a extending in the horizontal direction into the rotational motion of the output shaft 26a extending in the vertical direction.

齒輪盒26之輸出軸26a上安裝有主動皮帶輪26b。此外，在螺母23a上安裝有從動皮帶輪23b。主動皮帶輪26b與從動皮帶輪23b上架設無端皮帶27，主動皮帶輪26b之旋轉經由無端皮帶27而傳達至從動皮帶輪23b。 A drive pulley 26b is mounted on the output shaft 26a of the gear case 26. Further, a driven pulley 23b is attached to the nut 23a. The endless belt 27 is placed on the drive pulley 26b and the driven pulley 23b, and the rotation of the drive pulley 26b is transmitted to the driven pulley 23b via the endless belt 27.

因此，藉由驅動馬達25而使馬達25之驅動軸25a旋轉，可使螺母23a旋轉，並使進給螺桿22上下移動。 Therefore, by driving the motor 25 to rotate the drive shaft 25a of the motor 25, the nut 23a can be rotated and the feed screw 22 can be moved up and down.

在進給螺桿22之下端懸掛固定部20之上部載台21。在上部載台21之 圖中左右兩端形成有延伸於上下方向之貫穿孔21a。在該貫穿孔21a中插通有導桿12。因此，上部載台21之移動方向僅限定於上下方向。 The upper stage 21 of the fixing portion 20 is suspended at the lower end of the feed screw 22. At the upper stage 21 In the figure, the left and right ends are formed with through holes 21a extending in the vertical direction. A guide rod 12 is inserted into the through hole 21a. Therefore, the moving direction of the upper stage 21 is limited only to the up and down direction.

在固定部20之上部載台21的圖中左右方向兩端(比貫穿孔21a外側之位置)形成有在水平方向(圖中從表面向背面之方向)穿孔之螺栓孔21b。從貫穿孔21a之側面向上部載台21之圖中左右方向外側擴大，而與螺栓孔21b正交之切槽狀的長孔形成於上部載台21，不過第一圖中並未圖示。因此，在螺栓孔21b中***螺栓21c而旋緊時，貫穿孔21a之直徑變小，貫穿孔21a之內周面夾住導桿12。結果，上部載台21固定於導桿12。此外，從該狀態旋鬆螺栓21c時，可驅動馬達25而使上部載台21上下移動。 Bolt holes 21b that are perforated in the horizontal direction (the direction from the front surface to the back surface in the drawing) are formed at both ends in the left-right direction (a position outside the through hole 21a) in the upper portion of the upper stage of the fixing portion 20. The side surface of the through hole 21a is enlarged to the outside in the left-right direction in the drawing of the stage 21, and the slit-shaped long hole orthogonal to the bolt hole 21b is formed in the upper stage 21, but is not shown in the first drawing. Therefore, when the bolt 21c is inserted into the bolt hole 21b and screwed, the diameter of the through hole 21a becomes small, and the inner peripheral surface of the through hole 21a sandwiches the guide bar 12. As a result, the upper stage 21 is fixed to the guide bar 12. Further, when the bolt 21c is loosened from this state, the motor 25 can be driven to move the upper stage 21 up and down.

使用進行以上說明之上部載台21的上下移動及固定之機構，係為了因應測試片之尺寸及測試方法而調節固定部20與可移動部30之間距。另外，測試時，上部載台21唯獨藉由導桿12支撐，因測試而發生之負載幾乎不致傳達至進給螺桿22。因而，進給螺桿22、螺母23a、逕向滾珠軸承24a及軸承支撐部24b等之強度只須為可充分支持上部載台21之重量的程度即可。縮小進給螺桿及螺母之間距時，雖可精確地驅動進給螺桿，不過這個部分之強度降低。但是，本實施例中，因為大幅超過上部載台21重量之負載不致施加於進給螺桿及螺母，所以採用間距小之進給螺桿及螺母，可精確地調整固定部20與可移動部30之間隔。 The mechanism for performing the vertical movement and fixation of the upper stage 21 as described above is used to adjust the distance between the fixed portion 20 and the movable portion 30 in response to the size of the test piece and the test method. Further, at the time of the test, the upper stage 21 is supported only by the guide bar 12, and the load generated by the test is hardly transmitted to the feed screw 22. Therefore, the strength of the feed screw 22, the nut 23a, the radial ball bearing 24a, the bearing support portion 24b, and the like must be such that the weight of the upper stage 21 can be sufficiently supported. When the distance between the feed screw and the nut is reduced, the feed screw can be precisely driven, but the strength of this portion is lowered. However, in the present embodiment, since the load which greatly exceeds the weight of the upper stage 21 is not applied to the feed screw and the nut, the fixed portion 20 and the movable portion 30 can be precisely adjusted by using the feed screw and the nut having a small pitch. interval.

另外，在上部載台21之下部安裝有於拉伸測試時把持測試片之卡盤，及壓縮、彎曲測試時擠壓測試片或夾具之擠壓子等附件28。該附件28中內藏負載傳感器(load cell)，可於測試時計測施加於測試片之負載。另外，將負載傳感器作為與附件獨立之構件時，亦可在上部載台21之下部安裝負載傳感器，進一步將附件28安裝於負載傳感器之下部而構成。 Further, a chuck for gripping the test piece during the tensile test and an attachment 28 for pressing the test piece or the squeeze of the jig during the compression test are attached to the lower portion of the upper stage 21. The attachment 28 contains a load cell that measures the load applied to the test piece during testing. Further, when the load sensor is used as a separate member from the attachment, a load sensor may be attached to the lower portion of the upper stage 21, and the attachment 28 may be further attached to the lower portion of the load sensor.

其次，就可移動部30之構造作說明。第二圖係可移動部30及其周圍之縱剖面圖。在腳部11之上藉由焊接而固定工作台33。具體而言，工作台33之側面33a的下部全周焊接於腳部11的上面11a，並且焊接工作台33之下面33b與腳部11之內側側面11b。藉此，工作台33經由腳部11而剛體支撐於基座B(第一圖)。 Next, the configuration of the movable portion 30 will be described. The second drawing is a longitudinal sectional view of the movable portion 30 and its surroundings. The table 33 is fixed on the leg portion 11 by welding. Specifically, the lower portion of the side surface 33a of the table 33 is welded to the upper surface 11a of the leg portion 11 and the lower surface 33b of the table 33 and the inner side surface 11b of the leg portion 11. Thereby, the table 33 is rigidly supported by the base B via the leg portion 11 (first drawing).

工作台33係厚度方向尺寸取充分大的鋼板，且在測試時，對施加於可 移動部30之負載實質地視為剛體。在該工作台33之下，經由馬達支撐框架37而固定有AC伺服馬達35。如圖示，在馬達支撐框架37之側壁形成有複數肋條37a。而後，藉由將馬達支撐框架37及肋條37a的上端與工作台33之下面全周焊接，工作台33與馬達支撐框架37以高剛性而一體化。此外，該AC伺服馬達35係本發明群獨自開發出之可高速反轉運動的高輸出AC伺服馬達，藉由對先前之AC伺服馬達大幅減低內部之慣性，可以最大達500Hz之反覆率使驅動軸來回旋轉運動。 The table 33 is made of a sufficiently large steel plate in the thickness direction, and is applied to the test piece during the test. The load of the moving portion 30 is substantially regarded as a rigid body. Below the table 33, an AC servo motor 35 is fixed via a motor support frame 37. As shown, a plurality of ribs 37a are formed on the side wall of the motor support frame 37. Then, by welding the upper ends of the motor support frame 37 and the ribs 37a to the entire lower surface of the table 33, the table 33 and the motor support frame 37 are integrated with high rigidity. In addition, the AC servo motor 35 is a high-output AC servo motor developed by the group of the present invention capable of high-speed reverse motion. By substantially reducing the internal inertia of the previous AC servo motor, the AC servo motor can be driven up to a repetition rate of 500 Hz. The axis rotates back and forth.

此外，在工作台33之上配置有藉由AC伺服馬達35而可在上下方向移動地構成的下部載台31。 Further, a lower stage 31 configured to be movable in the vertical direction by the AC servo motor 35 is disposed on the table 33.

由下部載台31、經由剛性聯結器34而聯結於AC伺服馬達35之驅動軸35a的滾珠螺桿36、及線性導軌40構成進給螺桿機構。線性導軌40係將下部載台31之移動方向僅限制在上下方向而導引的元件。線性導軌40具有：導引框42、一對軌道44及移動塊46。導引框42藉由螺栓等而固定於工作台33之上面33c。導引框42具有：延伸於垂直方向之一對側壁42a，以及在上端聯結各側壁42a之上部壁面42b，全體成為倒U字狀的形狀。 The ball screw 36 coupled to the drive shaft 35a of the AC servo motor 35 via the lower stage 31 and the rigid coupling 34, and the linear guide 40 constitute a feed screw mechanism. The linear guide 40 is an element that guides the movement direction of the lower stage 31 only in the vertical direction. The linear guide 40 has a guide frame 42, a pair of rails 44, and a moving block 46. The guide frame 42 is fixed to the upper surface 33c of the table 33 by bolts or the like. The guide frame 42 has a shape in which the pair of side walls 42a extending in the vertical direction and the upper wall surface 42b of the side walls 42a are joined at the upper end, and the entire shape is inverted U-shaped.

軌道44係延伸於垂直方向的軌道，且固定於側壁42a內側之面。此外，各一個移動塊46分別固定於下部載台31之圖中左右兩端，且與其各個對應之軌道44卡合。由於移動塊46之移動係藉由軌道44導引，因此下部載台31之移動方向僅限定於上下方向。 The rail 44 is a rail that extends in the vertical direction and is fixed to the inner side of the side wall 42a. Further, each of the moving blocks 46 is fixed to the left and right ends of the lower stage 31, and is engaged with the corresponding rails 44. Since the movement of the moving block 46 is guided by the rail 44, the moving direction of the lower stage 31 is limited only to the up and down direction.

下部載台31藉由滾珠螺桿機構而驅動於上下方向。在下部載台31之內部埋入具備滾珠循環功能之滾珠螺桿用螺母31a。滾珠螺桿用螺母31a與形成於滾珠螺桿36上部之螺桿部36a卡合。如前述，由於下部載台31藉由線性導軌40導引，不在滾珠螺桿36周圍旋轉，因此使滾珠螺桿36旋轉時，滾珠螺桿用螺母31a係移動於上下方向。而後，與滾珠螺桿用螺母31a一體化之下部載台31也移動於上下方向。另外，在導引框42之上部壁面42b的中央部設有開口部42c。下部載台31貫穿該開口部42c，其上端之十字頭31b配置於比上部壁面42b上側。因此，下部載台30之十字頭31b與安裝於上部載台21之附件28相對。於拉伸測試時，測試片經由卡盤而安裝於十字頭31b。此外，於壓縮、彎曲測試時，測試片或夾具被放置於十字 頭31b上。 The lower stage 31 is driven in the vertical direction by a ball screw mechanism. A ball screw nut 31a having a ball circulation function is embedded in the lower stage 31. The ball screw nut 31a is engaged with the screw portion 36a formed on the upper portion of the ball screw 36. As described above, since the lower stage 31 is guided by the linear guide rail 40 and does not rotate around the ball screw 36, the ball screw nut 31a is moved in the vertical direction when the ball screw 36 is rotated. Then, the lower stage stage 31 is also moved in the vertical direction in conjunction with the ball screw nut 31a. Further, an opening portion 42c is provided in a central portion of the upper wall surface 42b of the guide frame 42. The lower stage 31 penetrates the opening 42c, and the upper end crosshead 31b is disposed above the upper wall surface 42b. Therefore, the crosshead 31b of the lower stage 30 is opposed to the attachment 28 attached to the upper stage 21. At the time of the tensile test, the test piece was attached to the crosshead 31b via a chuck. In addition, during compression and bending tests, the test piece or fixture is placed on the cross. On head 31b.

滾珠螺桿36之下部成為軸部36b，其並未形成用於與滾珠絲槓用螺母31a卡合之溝。該軸部36b經由剛性聯結器34而聯結於AC伺服馬達35之驅動軸35a。本實施例之剛性聯結器34係構成滾珠螺桿36之軸部36b周圍(亦即AC伺服馬達35之驅動軸35a周圍)的扭力剛性極高，而可以高度反應性將施加於AC伺服馬達35之驅動軸35a的扭矩傳達至滾珠螺桿36，不過其詳細構成於後述。 The lower portion of the ball screw 36 is a shaft portion 36b which does not form a groove for engaging with the ball screw nut 31a. The shaft portion 36b is coupled to the drive shaft 35a of the AC servo motor 35 via a rigid coupling 34. The rigid coupling 34 of the present embodiment has a very high torque rigidity around the shaft portion 36b of the ball screw 36 (i.e., around the drive shaft 35a of the AC servo motor 35), and can be highly reactive to be applied to the AC servo motor 35. The torque of the drive shaft 35a is transmitted to the ball screw 36, but the detailed configuration thereof will be described later.

其次，就剛性聯結器34之構造作說明。第三圖係顯示剛性聯結器34及經由該剛性聯結器34而彼此聯結之AC伺服馬達35的驅動軸35a與滾珠螺桿36之軸部36b的放大剖面圖。 Next, the construction of the rigid coupling 34 will be described. The third diagram shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of the rigid coupling 34 and the drive shaft 35a of the AC servo motor 35 and the shaft portion 36b of the ball screw 36 that are coupled to each other via the rigid coupling 34.

如圖所示，剛性聯結器34之筒狀本體34B全體成為中空之階梯形圓棒形狀(亦即，階梯形厚度之圓筒)。亦即，筒狀本體34B具有：具備從上***滾珠螺桿36之軸部36b的上部開口部34c的上部圓筒部34a，及具備從下***AC伺服馬達35之驅動軸35a的下部開口部34d之下部圓筒部34b。本實施例中，由於滾珠螺桿36之軸部36b的直徑比AC伺服馬達35之驅動軸35a小，因此，上部圓筒部34a之外徑比下部圓筒部34b之外徑小。 As shown, the entire cylindrical body 34B of the rigid coupler 34 has a hollow stepped round bar shape (i.e., a stepped thickness cylinder). In other words, the tubular body 34B includes an upper cylindrical portion 34a having an upper opening portion 34c into which the shaft portion 36b of the ball screw 36 is inserted, and a lower opening portion 34d having a drive shaft 35a into which the AC servo motor 35 is inserted from below. Lower cylindrical portion 34b. In the present embodiment, since the diameter of the shaft portion 36b of the ball screw 36 is smaller than the drive shaft 35a of the AC servo motor 35, the outer diameter of the upper cylindrical portion 34a is smaller than the outer diameter of the lower cylindrical portion 34b.

此外，在上部圓筒部34a之下部及下部圓筒部34b之上部分別形成有狹窄部34e及34f。狹窄部34e及34f之直徑分別與滾珠螺桿36之軸部36b及AC伺服馬達35之驅動軸35a的直徑概略相等。因而，在狹窄部34e及34f之內周面、以及滾珠螺桿36之軸部36b與AC伺服馬達35之驅動軸35a的外周幾乎無間隙的狀態下，滾珠螺桿36之軸部36b與AC伺服馬達35之驅動軸35a被收容於狹窄部34e及34f。 Further, narrow portions 34e and 34f are formed in the lower portion of the upper cylindrical portion 34a and the upper portion of the lower cylindrical portion 34b, respectively. The diameters of the narrow portions 34e and 34f are substantially equal to the diameters of the shaft portion 36b of the ball screw 36 and the drive shaft 35a of the AC servo motor 35, respectively. Therefore, the shaft portion 36b of the ball screw 36 and the AC servo motor are in a state where the inner peripheral surface of the narrow portions 34e and 34f and the shaft portion 36b of the ball screw 36 and the outer circumference of the drive shaft 35a of the AC servo motor 35 have almost no gap. The drive shaft 35a of 35 is housed in the narrow portions 34e and 34f.

上部開口部34c及下部開口部34d之直徑構成分別比滾珠螺桿36之軸部36b及AC伺服馬達35之驅動軸35a的外徑大。為了將上部開口部34c及下部開口部34d分別固定於滾珠螺桿36之軸部36b及AC伺服馬達35之驅動軸35a，而使用固定用環130及140。 The diameters of the upper opening portion 34c and the lower opening portion 34d are larger than the outer diameters of the shaft portion 36b of the ball screw 36 and the drive shaft 35a of the AC servo motor 35, respectively. The fixing rings 130 and 140 are used to fix the upper opening 34c and the lower opening 34d to the shaft portion 36b of the ball screw 36 and the drive shaft 35a of the AC servo motor 35, respectively.

固定用環130具有：內輪132、外輪134及螺栓136。內輪132之外周面132a成為直徑朝下而變小之錐形面。此外，內輪132之內周面132b成為比滾珠螺桿36之軸部36b的外徑稍大程度之圓筒面。在內輪132之上端 形成有擴大於半徑方向外側的凸緣部132c。凸緣部132c中設有複數個在上下方向插通螺栓136之螺栓孔132d。此外，外輪134之內周面134a成為直徑朝下變小之錐形面。外輪134之內周面134a具有與內輪132之內周面132b相同的錐角。此外，外輪134之外周面134b成為比上部開口部34c之直徑稍小的圓筒面。再者，外輪134中，與螺栓孔132d對應而形成有複數個與螺栓136卡合之陰螺紋134c。此外，外輪134之內周面134a的上端直徑(最大徑)比內輪132之內周面132b的上端直徑(最大徑)小。因而，使各錐形面抵接地將內輪132放置於外輪134上時，內輪132之凸緣部132c的下面成為與外輪134之上面不接觸而浮起的狀態。將外輪134及內輪132***上部開口部34c與滾珠螺桿36之軸部36b間的間隙，緊固經由凸緣部132c之螺栓孔132d而***了陰螺紋134c之螺栓136時，內輪132之錐形面132b從外輪134之錐形面134a承受半徑方向朝內之力，內輪132之圓筒面132b強力壓迫滾珠螺桿36之軸部36b。此外，此時外輪134之錐形面134a從內輪132之錐形面132b承受半徑方向朝外之力，圓筒面134b強力壓迫上部開口部34c。滾珠螺桿36之軸部36b藉由該結果而發生之靜摩擦力，強固地固定於筒狀本體34B之上部圓筒部34a，兩者形成一體化。另外，圖中分別顯示各二組之螺栓136、螺栓孔132d及陰螺紋134c，不過，實際上在將滾珠螺桿36之軸為中心的圓周上設有多數個(如10組)。 The fixing ring 130 has an inner wheel 132, an outer wheel 134, and a bolt 136. The outer peripheral surface 132a of the inner ring 132 has a tapered surface whose diameter is reduced downward. Further, the inner circumferential surface 132b of the inner ring 132 is a cylindrical surface slightly larger than the outer diameter of the shaft portion 36b of the ball screw 36. Above the inner wheel 132 A flange portion 132c that is enlarged to the outside in the radial direction is formed. A plurality of bolt holes 132d through which the bolts 136 are inserted in the vertical direction are provided in the flange portion 132c. Further, the inner circumferential surface 134a of the outer ring 134 becomes a tapered surface whose diameter becomes smaller downward. The inner circumferential surface 134a of the outer ring 134 has the same taper angle as the inner circumferential surface 132b of the inner wheel 132. Further, the outer circumferential surface 134b of the outer ring 134 is a cylindrical surface slightly smaller than the diameter of the upper opening portion 34c. Further, in the outer ring 134, a plurality of female threads 134c that engage with the bolts 136 are formed corresponding to the bolt holes 132d. Further, the diameter (maximum diameter) of the upper end of the inner circumferential surface 134a of the outer ring 134 is smaller than the diameter (maximum diameter) of the upper end of the inner circumferential surface 132b of the inner ring 132. Therefore, when the tapered surfaces are placed in contact with the inner ring 132 on the outer ring 134, the lower surface of the flange portion 132c of the inner ring 132 is in a state of not coming into contact with the upper surface of the outer ring 134 and floating. When the outer ring 134 and the inner ring 132 are inserted into the gap between the upper opening portion 34c and the shaft portion 36b of the ball screw 36, and the bolt 136 of the female screw 134c is inserted through the bolt hole 132d of the flange portion 132c, the inner wheel 132 is inserted. The tapered surface 132b receives a force inward in the radial direction from the tapered surface 134a of the outer ring 134, and the cylindrical surface 132b of the inner ring 132 strongly presses the shaft portion 36b of the ball screw 36. Further, at this time, the tapered surface 134a of the outer ring 134 receives a force directed outward in the radial direction from the tapered surface 132b of the inner ring 132, and the cylindrical surface 134b strongly presses the upper opening portion 34c. The shaft portion 36b of the ball screw 36 is firmly fixed to the upper cylindrical portion 34a of the tubular body 34B by the static friction generated by the result, and the two are integrated. Further, in the drawings, the bolts 136, the bolt holes 132d, and the female threads 134c of the respective sets are respectively shown. However, actually, a plurality of (for example, 10 sets) are provided on the circumference centering on the axis of the ball screw 36.

同樣地，固定用環140具有：內輪142、外輪144及螺栓146。內輪142之外周面142a成為直徑朝上而變小之錐形面。此外，內輪142之內周面142b成為AC伺服馬達35之驅動軸35a的外徑稍大程度之圓筒面。在內輪142之下端形成有擴大於半徑方向外側的凸緣部142c。凸緣部142c中設有複數個在上下方向插通螺栓146之螺栓孔142d。外輪144之內周面144a成為直徑朝上變小之錐形面。此外，外輪144之外周面144b成為比下部開口部34d之直徑稍小的圓筒面。再者，外輪144中，與螺栓孔142d對應而形成有複數個與螺栓146卡合之陰螺紋144c。此外，外輪144之內周面144a的下端直徑(最大徑)比內輪142之內周面142b的下端直徑(最大徑)小。因而，使各錐形面抵接地將內輪142放置於外輪144之下方時，內輪142之凸緣部142c的上面成為與外輪144之下面不接觸而浮起的狀態。將外輪144及 內輪142***下部開口部34d與AC伺服馬達35之驅動軸35a間的間隙，緊固經由凸緣部142c之螺栓孔142d而***了陰螺紋144c之螺栓146時，內輪142之錐形面142b從外輪144之錐形面144a承受半徑方向朝內之力，內輪142之圓筒面142b強力壓迫AC伺服馬達35之驅動軸35a。此外，此時外輪144之錐形面144a從內輪142之錐形面142b承受半徑方向朝外之力，圓筒面144b強力壓迫下部開口部34d。AC伺服馬達35之驅動軸35a藉由該結果而發生之靜摩擦力，強固地固定於筒狀本體34B之下部圓筒部34b，兩者形成一體化。另外，圖中分別顯示各二組之螺栓146、螺栓孔142d及陰螺紋144c，不過，實際上在將AC伺服馬達35之驅動軸35a的旋轉中心軸為中心的圓周上設有多數個(如10組)。 Similarly, the fixing ring 140 has an inner wheel 142, an outer wheel 144, and a bolt 146. The outer circumferential surface 142a of the inner ring 142 has a tapered surface whose diameter is increased upward. Further, the inner circumferential surface 142b of the inner ring 142 is a cylindrical surface having a slightly larger outer diameter of the drive shaft 35a of the AC servo motor 35. A flange portion 142c that is enlarged to the outside in the radial direction is formed at a lower end of the inner ring 142. A plurality of bolt holes 142d through which the bolts 146 are inserted in the vertical direction are provided in the flange portion 142c. The inner circumferential surface 144a of the outer ring 144 is a tapered surface whose diameter becomes smaller upward. Further, the outer circumferential surface 144b of the outer ring 144 is a cylindrical surface slightly smaller than the diameter of the lower opening portion 34d. Further, in the outer ring 144, a plurality of female threads 144c that engage with the bolts 146 are formed corresponding to the bolt holes 142d. Further, the diameter (maximum diameter) of the lower end of the inner circumferential surface 144a of the outer ring 144 is smaller than the diameter (maximum diameter) of the lower end of the inner circumferential surface 142b of the inner ring 142. Therefore, when the tapered surfaces are placed in contact with the inner wheel 142 under the outer ring 144, the upper surface of the flange portion 142c of the inner ring 142 is in a state of being floated without coming into contact with the lower surface of the outer ring 144. The outer wheel 144 and The inner wheel 142 is inserted into the gap between the lower opening portion 34d and the drive shaft 35a of the AC servo motor 35, and the tapered surface of the inner wheel 142 is tightened when the bolt 146 of the female screw 144c is inserted via the bolt hole 142d of the flange portion 142c. The 142b receives the force in the radial direction inward from the tapered surface 144a of the outer ring 144, and the cylindrical surface 142b of the inner wheel 142 strongly presses the drive shaft 35a of the AC servo motor 35. Further, at this time, the tapered surface 144a of the outer ring 144 receives a force directed outward in the radial direction from the tapered surface 142b of the inner ring 142, and the cylindrical surface 144b strongly presses the lower opening portion 34d. The drive shaft 35a of the AC servo motor 35 is firmly fixed to the lower cylindrical portion 34b of the tubular body 34B by the static friction generated by the result, and the two are integrated. Further, in the drawings, the bolts 146, the bolt holes 142d, and the female threads 144c of the respective sets are respectively shown, but actually, a plurality of the centers on the center of the rotation center axis of the drive shaft 35a of the AC servo motor 35 are provided (for example, 10 groups).

筒狀本體34B之上部圓筒部34a及下部圓筒部34b的厚度充分大，藉此，剛性聯結器34之連結部的扭力剛性與滾珠螺桿36及AC伺服馬達35之驅動軸35a相等或比其大。因此，剛性聯結器34可以高度反應性將作用於AC伺服馬達35之驅動軸35a的扭矩傳達至滾珠螺桿36。 The thickness of the upper cylindrical portion 34a and the lower cylindrical portion 34b of the tubular body 34B is sufficiently large, whereby the torsional rigidity of the joint portion of the rigid coupling 34 is equal to or larger than the drive shaft 35a of the ball screw 36 and the AC servo motor 35. It is big. Therefore, the rigid coupling 34 can transmit the torque acting on the drive shaft 35a of the AC servo motor 35 to the ball screw 36 with high reactivity.

如第二圖所示，在工作台33之中央設有貫穿孔33d，滾珠螺桿36貫穿該貫穿孔33d。本實施例中，於測試時，為了可旋轉地支撐承受推力方向之大負載的滾珠螺桿36，而在貫穿孔33d之位置設有軸承部150。以下，就該軸承之構造作說明。 As shown in the second figure, a through hole 33d is formed in the center of the table 33, and the ball screw 36 penetrates the through hole 33d. In the present embodiment, in order to rotatably support the ball screw 36 that receives a large load in the thrust direction during the test, the bearing portion 150 is provided at the position of the through hole 33d. Hereinafter, the structure of the bearing will be described.

第四圖係工作台33之貫穿孔33d附近的縱剖面圖。如圖示，在貫穿孔33d中嵌入有圓環形狀之第一軸承安裝構件152。在第一軸承安裝構件152之上端形成有擴大於半徑方向外側之凸緣部152a。凸緣部152a中設有穿孔於上下方向之貫穿孔152b。工作台33上，在對應於貫穿孔152b之位置形成有陰螺紋33e。藉由將螺栓158a***貫穿孔152b及陰螺紋33e，其次旋緊螺栓158a，第一軸承安裝構件152被固定於工作台33上，而兩者形成一體化。 The fourth drawing is a longitudinal sectional view of the vicinity of the through hole 33d of the table 33. As shown in the drawing, a first bearing mounting member 152 having an annular shape is fitted into the through hole 33d. A flange portion 152a that is enlarged in the radial direction outer side is formed at the upper end of the first bearing attachment member 152. A through hole 152b having a through hole in the vertical direction is provided in the flange portion 152a. A female screw 33e is formed on the table 33 at a position corresponding to the through hole 152b. By inserting the bolt 158a into the through hole 152b and the female screw 33e, and secondly tightening the bolt 158a, the first bearing attachment member 152 is fixed to the table 33, and the two are integrated.

此外，在滾珠螺桿36之螺桿部36a與軸部36b之間設有軸部36b側之直徑變小的階差。在該階差之部分配置有第一套環154。而後，在第一套環154之下依序裝設組合角滾珠軸承151及第二套環155。此外，在滾珠螺桿36之軸部36b的中途形成有陽螺紋36c，將第一套環154、組合角滾珠軸承 151及第二套環155插通於滾珠螺桿36之軸部36b後，藉由將螺母156安裝於滾珠螺桿36之陽螺紋36c，而在第一套環154與第二套環155之間支撐組合角滾珠軸承151之內輪。 Further, a step having a smaller diameter on the side of the shaft portion 36b is provided between the screw portion 36a of the ball screw 36 and the shaft portion 36b. A first collar 154 is disposed in a portion of the step. Then, a combined angular ball bearing 151 and a second collar 155 are sequentially disposed under the first collar 154. Further, a male screw 36c is formed in the middle of the shaft portion 36b of the ball screw 36, and the first collar 154 and the combined angular ball bearing are formed. After the 151 and the second collar 155 are inserted into the shaft portion 36b of the ball screw 36, the nut 156 is supported by the male screw 36c of the ball screw 36 to support between the first collar 154 and the second collar 155. The inner wheel of the combined angular ball bearing 151.

此外，在第一軸承安裝構件152之下部配置有第二軸承安裝構件153。第二軸承安裝構件153藉由螺栓158b而固定於第一軸承安裝構件152。第二軸承安裝構件153之上面與組合角滾珠軸承151之外輪抵接，而從下方支撐組合角滾珠軸承151之外輪。 Further, a second bearing mounting member 153 is disposed under the first bearing mounting member 152. The second bearing mounting member 153 is fixed to the first bearing mounting member 152 by a bolt 158b. The upper surface of the second bearing mounting member 153 abuts against the outer wheel of the combined angular ball bearing 151, and supports the outer wheel of the combined angular ball bearing 151 from below.

組合角滾珠軸承151係使一對角滾珠軸承151a、151b之各正面相對地組合者(正面組合)。本實施例中，滾珠螺桿36於拉伸測試時承受上方向之大負載，於壓縮/彎曲測試時承受下方向之大負載。因而，構成以正面組合或背面組合(使各背面相對地組合者)組合一對角滾珠軸承，而可支撐上下兩方向之推力負載。特別是在本實施例中，採用正面組合之組合角滾珠軸承151，可防止軸(滾珠螺桿36之軸部36b)上發生撓曲時軸承內部之應力集中，軸承本身不易發生破損。 The combined angular ball bearing 151 is a combination of the front faces of the pair of angular ball bearings 151a and 151b (front combination). In the present embodiment, the ball screw 36 is subjected to a large load in the upward direction during the tensile test, and is subjected to a large load in the downward direction during the compression/bending test. Therefore, it is configured to combine a pair of angular ball bearings with a front combination or a back combination (such that each back surface is relatively combined) to support the thrust loads in the upper and lower directions. In particular, in the present embodiment, the combined angular ball bearing 151 of the front side is used to prevent stress concentration inside the bearing when the shaft (the shaft portion 36b of the ball screw 36) is deflected, and the bearing itself is less likely to be damaged.

另外，本實施例中，為了減輕組合角滾珠軸承151之滾珠與內外輪的摩擦，而供給潤滑油。為了防止該潤滑油漏出，而在第一套環154與第一軸承安裝構件152之間的餘隙，及第二套環155與第二軸承安裝構件153間之餘隙中分別設有油封157a、157b。此外，為了防止潤滑油從第一軸承安裝構件152與第二軸承安裝構件154之間漏出，而在第一軸承安裝構件152與第二軸承安裝構件154之間設有襯墊159。另外，在第二軸承安裝構件153中形成有延伸於半徑方向之貫穿孔153a，不過，這是利用在從外部供給潤滑油時者，通常係藉由盲板153b堵塞。 Further, in the present embodiment, the lubricating oil is supplied in order to reduce the friction between the balls of the combined angular ball bearing 151 and the inner and outer wheels. In order to prevent the lubricating oil from leaking out, a clearance between the first collar 154 and the first bearing mounting member 152, and a clearance between the second collar 155 and the second bearing mounting member 153 are respectively provided with an oil seal 157a. , 157b. Further, in order to prevent the lubricating oil from leaking between the first bearing mounting member 152 and the second bearing mounting member 154, a gasket 159 is provided between the first bearing mounting member 152 and the second bearing mounting member 154. Further, the second bearing attachment member 153 is formed with a through hole 153a extending in the radial direction. However, this is because the lubricant is supplied from the outside, and is usually blocked by the blind plate 153b.

其次，就本實施例之線性導軌40的軌道44及移動塊46(第二圖)之構成，使用圖式詳細作說明。第五圖係在垂直於軌道44之長軸方向的一面(亦即水平面)切斷軌道44及移動塊46的剖面圖，第六圖係第五圖之I-I剖面圖。如第五圖及第六圖所示，移動塊46中形成有凹部以包圍軌道44，該凹部中形成有延伸於軌道44之軸方向的四條溝46a、46a’。該溝46a、46a’中收納有多數個不銹鋼製之滾珠46b。在軌道44中，與移動塊46之溝46a、46a’相對的位置，分別設有溝44a、44a’，滾珠46b被夾在溝46a與 溝44a，或是溝46a’與溝44a’之間。溝46a、46a’、44a、44a’之剖面形狀係圓弧狀，其曲率半徑與滾珠46b之半徑概略相等。因而，滾珠46b在幾乎無游隙之狀態下，密合於溝46a、46a’、44a、44a’。 Next, the configuration of the rail 44 and the moving block 46 (second drawing) of the linear guide 40 of the present embodiment will be described in detail using the drawings. The fifth drawing is a cross-sectional view of the cutting rail 44 and the moving block 46 on one side (i.e., horizontal plane) perpendicular to the long axis direction of the rail 44. The sixth drawing is a sectional view of the I-I of the fifth drawing. As shown in the fifth and sixth figures, the moving block 46 is formed with a recess to surround the rail 44, and four recesses 46a, 46a' extending in the axial direction of the rail 44 are formed in the recess. A plurality of balls 46b made of stainless steel are accommodated in the grooves 46a and 46a'. In the rail 44, grooves 44a, 44a' are provided at positions opposing the grooves 46a, 46a' of the moving block 46, and the balls 46b are sandwiched between the grooves 46a and The groove 44a is between the groove 46a' and the groove 44a'. The grooves 46a, 46a', 44a, and 44a' have a circular arc shape in cross section, and the radius of curvature is substantially equal to the radius of the balls 46b. Therefore, the balls 46b are in close contact with the grooves 46a, 46a', 44a, 44a' in a state where there is almost no play.

在移動塊46之內部設有與各個溝46a概略平行之4條退出路徑46c、46c’。如第六圖所示，溝46a與退出路徑46c之各個兩端經由U字形路徑46d而連接，藉由溝46a、溝44a、退出路徑46c、及U字形路徑46d，而形成使滾珠46b循環用之循環路徑。藉由溝46a’、溝44a’及退出路徑46c’亦形成同樣之循環路徑。 Inside the moving block 46, four exit paths 46c, 46c' which are substantially parallel to the respective grooves 46a are provided. As shown in the sixth figure, each of both ends of the groove 46a and the exit path 46c is connected via a U-shaped path 46d, and the groove 46a, the groove 44a, the exit path 46c, and the U-shaped path 46d are formed to circulate the ball 46b. The loop path. The same circulation path is also formed by the groove 46a', the groove 44a', and the exit path 46c'.

因而，移動塊46對軌道44移動時，多數個滾珠46b在溝46a、46a’、44a、44a’中轉動而在循環路徑中循環。因而，即使在軌道軸方向以外之方向施加大負載，由於仍可以多數個滾珠支撐移動塊，並且藉由滾珠46b轉動，減少軌道軸方向之阻力而保持，因此，可使移動塊46對軌道44平滑地移動。另外，退出路徑46c及U字形路徑46d之內徑比滾珠46b之直徑稍大。因而，在退出路徑46c及U字形路徑46d與滾珠46b間發生的摩擦力極小，藉此不妨礙滾珠46b之循環。 Therefore, when the moving block 46 moves the rail 44, the plurality of balls 46b rotate in the grooves 46a, 46a', 44a, 44a' to circulate in the circulation path. Therefore, even if a large load is applied in a direction other than the direction of the track axis, since the moving block can be supported by a plurality of balls and is held by the rotation of the balls 46b to reduce the resistance in the direction of the track axis, the moving block 46 can be made to the track 44. Move smoothly. Further, the inner diameter of the exit path 46c and the U-shaped path 46d is slightly larger than the diameter of the ball 46b. Therefore, the frictional force generated between the exit path 46c and the U-shaped path 46d and the ball 46b is extremely small, thereby preventing the circulation of the balls 46b.

如圖所示，被溝46a與44a夾著的二列滾珠46b之列形成接觸角概略為±45°之正面組合型之角滾珠軸承。此時之接觸角係溝46a及44a與滾珠46b接觸之各接觸點的連線，對線性導軌的逕向方向(從移動塊向軌道之方向，第五圖中之下方向)形成之角度。如此形成之角滾珠軸承可支撐反逕向方向(從軌道向移動塊之方向，第五圖中之上方向)及橫方向(與逕向方向及移動塊之進退方向兩者正交的方向，第五圖中之左右方向)的負載。 As shown in the figure, the rows of the two rows of balls 46b sandwiched by the grooves 46a and 44a form a front-side type angular ball bearing having a contact angle of ±45°. At this time, the line connecting the contact points of the contact angle grooves 46a and 44a with the balls 46b is formed at an angle to the radial direction of the linear guide (the direction from the moving block to the track, the lower direction in the fifth figure). The angular ball bearing thus formed can support the reverse radial direction (the direction from the track to the moving block, the upper direction in the fifth figure) and the lateral direction (the direction orthogonal to both the radial direction and the advancing and retracting direction of the moving block, The load in the left and right direction in the fifth figure.

同樣地，被溝46a’與44a’夾著之二列的滾珠46b之列形成接觸角(溝46a’及44a’與滾珠46b接觸之各接觸點的連線，對線性導軌的反逕向方向形成之角度)概略為±45°之正面組合型之角滾珠軸承。該角滾珠軸承可支撐逕向方向及橫方向的負載。 Similarly, the rows of the balls 46b of the two rows sandwiched by the grooves 46a' and 44a' form a contact angle (the line connecting the contact points of the grooves 46a' and 44a' with the balls 46b, and the reverse radial direction of the linear guide Angle of formation) An angular combination of a front-end type of angular bearing of ±45°. The angular ball bearing can support loads in the radial direction and the lateral direction.

此外，被溝46a與44a之一方(圖中左側)與溝46a’與44a’之一方(圖中左側)分別夾著之二列的滾珠46b之列也形成正面組合型之角滾珠軸承。同樣地，被溝46a與44a之另一方(圖中右側)與溝46a’與44a’之另一方(圖中右側)分別夾著之二列的滾珠46b之列也形成正面組合型之角滾珠 軸承。 Further, the row of the balls 46b of the two rows sandwiched by one of the grooves 46a and 44a (the left side in the drawing) and one of the grooves 46a' and 44a' (the left side in the drawing) also form a front combined type angular ball bearing. Similarly, the other pair of grooves 46a and 44a (the right side in the drawing) and the other of the grooves 46a' and 44a' (the right side in the figure) are arranged in a row of the balls 46b of the two rows, and the front combined type angular balls are also formed. Bearing.

如此，本實施例中，具有多數個滾珠46b之正面組合型的角滾珠軸承係對分別作用於逕向方向、反逕向方向及橫方向的負載而支撐，而可充分支撐施加於軌道軸方向以外方向之大負載。 As described above, in the present embodiment, the front side combined type angular ball bearing having a plurality of balls 46b is supported by the load acting in the radial direction, the reverse radial direction, and the lateral direction, respectively, and can be sufficiently supported to be applied to the track axis direction. Large load in the direction of the outside.

其次，就本實施例之通用測試機台1的控制計測部之構成作說明。第七圖係本實施例之通用測試機台1的控制計測部200之區塊圖。本實施例之通用測試機台1可以短時間進行疲勞測試，並可在測試片上以短周期施加反覆負載。 Next, the configuration of the control measuring unit of the universal testing machine 1 of the present embodiment will be described. The seventh diagram is a block diagram of the control measurement unit 200 of the universal test machine 1 of the present embodiment. The universal testing machine 1 of the present embodiment can perform fatigue testing in a short time and can apply a reverse load on the test piece in a short cycle.

通用測試機台1之控制計測部200具有：設定值指示單元210、驅動控制單元220及測定單元250。 The control measurement unit 200 of the universal test machine 1 includes a set value instruction unit 210, a drive control unit 220, and a measurement unit 250.

設定值指示單元210係用於指示如何使下部載台31(第一圖)移動的單元。具體而言，係將下部載台31從初期位置之變位量(目標位置)作為訊號而輸出，並傳送至驅動控制單元220之單元。設定值指示單元210具有：輸入介面212及波形產生電路214。 The set value indicating unit 210 is a unit for indicating how to move the lower stage 31 (first figure). Specifically, the displacement amount (target position) of the lower stage 31 from the initial position is output as a signal, and is transmitted to the unit of the drive control unit 220. The set value indicating unit 210 has an input interface 212 and a waveform generating circuit 214.

輸入介面212係用於連接設定值指示單元210與無圖示之工作站的介面。通用測試機台1之操作者操作工作站，而指示如何使下部載台31變位。如係進行靜態之拉伸測試時，操作者操作工作站，輸入施予下部載台31之變位速度，並送訊至輸入介面212。此外，進行在測試片上施加反覆負載之疲勞測試時，操作者操作工作站，輸入下部載台31之振幅、頻率及波形(使用正弦波或三角波之波形等)，並送訊至輸入介面212。輸入於輸入介面212之指示傳送至波形產生電路214。 The input interface 212 is used to connect the interface between the set value indicating unit 210 and a workstation (not shown). The operator of the universal test machine 1 operates the workstation and indicates how to displace the lower stage 31. If a static tensile test is performed, the operator operates the workstation, inputs the displacement speed applied to the lower stage 31, and sends it to the input interface 212. Further, when performing a fatigue test in which a reverse load is applied to the test piece, the operator operates the workstation, inputs the amplitude, frequency, and waveform of the lower stage 31 (using a waveform of a sine wave or a triangular wave, etc.), and transmits it to the input interface 212. The indication input to the input interface 212 is passed to the waveform generation circuit 214.

波形產生電路214解釋從輸入介面212送訊之指示，逐次運算下部載台31從初期位置之變位量，並將其送訊至驅動控制單元220。另外，進行疲勞測試時，不限於以單一之正弦波或三角波的一定波形、頻率驅動下部載台31，亦可依據從具有各種振幅或頻率之函數所合成之函數來驅動下部載台31。如亦可依據乘以頻率不同之正弦波的函數，使下部載台31之振幅隨時間變化地驅動下部載台31。 The waveform generation circuit 214 interprets the instruction to transmit from the input interface 212, sequentially calculates the amount of displacement of the lower stage 31 from the initial position, and transmits it to the drive control unit 220. Further, when performing the fatigue test, the lower stage 31 is not limited to being driven by a constant waveform or frequency of a single sine wave or a triangular wave, and the lower stage 31 may be driven by a function synthesized from functions having various amplitudes or frequencies. The amplitude of the lower stage 31 can be driven to change the lower stage 31 as a function of time, as a function of the sine wave multiplied by the frequency.

下部載台31之變位量作為數位訊號而從波形產生電路214輸出。因而，從波形產生電路214送訊至驅動控制單元220之訊號，首先輸入D/A 轉換器222而轉換成類比訊號。其次，轉換成類比訊號之下部載台31的變位量資訊傳送至放大器224。而後，放大器224將從D/A轉換器222傳送之下部載台31的變位量資訊放大而輸出。 The displacement amount of the lower stage 31 is output from the waveform generation circuit 214 as a digital signal. Therefore, the signal sent from the waveform generating circuit 214 to the drive control unit 220 is first input into the D/A. The converter 222 converts to an analog signal. Next, the amount of displacement information converted to the analog stage lower stage stage 31 is transmitted to the amplifier 224. Then, the amplifier 224 amplifies and outputs the displacement amount information transmitted from the D/A converter 222 to the lower stage 31.

如前述，本實施例中，AC伺服馬達35係藉由驅動下部載台31而進行各種測試。此處，AC伺服馬達35內藏有用於檢測驅動軸35a(第一圖)之轉數的編碼器，編碼器檢測出之轉數送訊至驅動控制單元220之現在位置運算電路226。 As described above, in the present embodiment, the AC servo motor 35 performs various tests by driving the lower stage 31. Here, the AC servo motor 35 incorporates an encoder for detecting the number of revolutions of the drive shaft 35a (first map), and the number of revolutions detected by the encoder is sent to the current position calculation circuit 226 of the drive control unit 220.

現在位置運算電路226依據AC伺服馬達35之編碼器的檢測結果，運算下部載台31之現在位置而輸出。而後，將放大器224之輸出與現在位置運算電路226之輸出的差分(亦即相當於下部載台31之目標位置與現在位置之差的訊號)送訊至電流產生電路228。 The position calculation circuit 226 calculates the current position of the lower stage 31 and outputs it based on the detection result of the encoder of the AC servo motor 35. Then, the difference between the output of the amplifier 224 and the output of the current position calculating circuit 226 (i.e., the signal corresponding to the difference between the target position of the lower stage 31 and the current position) is sent to the current generating circuit 228.

電流產生電路228依據收訊之訊號，產生輸出至AC伺服馬達35之三相電流，並將其輸出至AC伺服馬達。結果驅動AC伺服馬達35，而使下部載台31到達目標位置。 The current generating circuit 228 generates a three-phase current output to the AC servo motor 35 based on the received signal and outputs it to the AC servo motor. As a result, the AC servo motor 35 is driven to bring the lower stage 31 to the target position.

藉由驅動下部載台31而施加於測試片的負載，藉由內藏於通用測試機台1之附件28(第一圖)的負載傳感器254，及取出負載傳感器254之變形量作為電訊號用的橋接電路256來檢測。檢測出之負載值藉由A/D轉換器258轉換成數位訊號，經由輸出介面259而送訊至工作站。工作站統計從輸出介面259送訊之負載值，產生如將時間軸作為橫軸，將施加於測試片之應力作為縱軸的圖形而表示。 The load applied to the test piece by driving the lower stage 31 is used as a signal signal by the load sensor 254 built in the attachment 28 (first figure) of the universal test machine 1 and the deformation amount of the load sensor 254. The bridge circuit 256 is detected. The detected load value is converted into a digital signal by the A/D converter 258 and sent to the workstation via the output interface 259. The workstation counts the load value sent from the output interface 259, and generates a graph in which the stress applied to the test piece is plotted on the vertical axis as the horizontal axis.

此外，亦可進行將A/D轉換器258之輸出的負載值傳送至波形產生電路214，因應負載而使下部載台31之變位行動變化的所謂反饋控制。如下部載台31之變位量與負載值並非正比關係，亦即測試片產生升降時，可進行擴大下部載台之振幅等的控制。 Further, so-called feedback control for transmitting the load value of the output of the A/D converter 258 to the waveform generation circuit 214 and changing the displacement action of the lower stage 31 in response to the load may be performed. The displacement amount of the following stage 31 is not proportional to the load value, that is, when the test piece is lifted and lowered, the amplitude of the lower stage can be controlled.

藉由使用以上構成之通用測試機台1，可進行測試片之靜態破壞測試及疲勞測試等。此處，本實施例中係使用反應性高，且高扭矩之AC伺服馬達35驅動下部載台31。因而，通用測試機台1可將最大達數百kN之負載施加於測試片，此外，亦可以數百Hz之高頻而將反覆負載施加於測試片。因此，採用本實施例之通用測試機台1時，可在短時間內評估測試片之疲勞 特性，且可謀求縮短測試時間。 By using the universal test machine 1 constructed as above, static break test and fatigue test of the test piece can be performed. Here, in the present embodiment, the lower stage 31 is driven by the AC servo motor 35 having high reactivity and high torque. Therefore, the universal test machine 1 can apply a load of up to several hundred kN to the test piece, and a reverse load can be applied to the test piece at a high frequency of several hundred Hz. Therefore, when the universal testing machine 1 of the embodiment is used, the fatigue of the test piece can be evaluated in a short time. Features and can reduce test time.

此外，採用本實施例之構成時，如第二圖所示，用於使下部載台31移動之動力來源的AC伺服馬達35，與將AC伺服馬達35之驅動軸35a的旋轉運動轉換成上下運動時使用的滾珠螺桿用之軸承151及線性導軌40固定於同一板面的工作台33上。藉此，可高精確度地定位用於導引AC伺服馬達35之驅動軸35a、滾珠螺桿36及下部載台31的線性導軌40等之相對位置而安裝。因而，可輕易且更正確地進行AC伺服馬達35之驅動軸35a及滾珠螺桿36之軸部36b的高精確度定心。此外，藉由在同一板面上全部配置相對位置需要高精確度之元件而構成，可高精確度地穩定維持已定位之各元件的相對位置。 Further, when the configuration of the present embodiment is employed, as shown in the second diagram, the AC servo motor 35 for power source for moving the lower stage 31 and the rotational motion of the drive shaft 35a of the AC servo motor 35 are converted into upper and lower sides. The bearing 151 for the ball screw and the linear guide 40 used for the movement are fixed to the table 33 of the same plate surface. Thereby, the relative position of the drive shaft 35a for guiding the AC servo motor 35, the ball screw 36, and the linear guide 40 of the lower stage 31 can be positioned with high precision and mounted. Therefore, the high-precision centering of the drive shaft 35a of the AC servo motor 35 and the shaft portion 36b of the ball screw 36 can be performed easily and more accurately. Further, by arranging all of the elements on the same board surface to require a high-precision element, it is possible to stably maintain the relative position of each of the positioned components with high accuracy.

如此，採用本實施例之構成時，因為可高精確度地進行AC伺服馬達35之驅動軸35a及滾珠螺桿36的定心，所以因定心誤差而作用於AC伺服馬達35之驅動軸35a及滾珠螺桿36的軸部36b之彎曲應力較小。通常用於聯結伺服馬達與進給螺桿的聯結器，係使用藉由介有低剛性之材料(橡膠及金屬彈簧等)，以吸收彎曲應力而構成的軟性聯結器。但是，本實施例中，如上述，因為可高精確度地進行2軸之定心，所以可使用以剛性高之材料所形成的剛性聯結器34。因而，可以高反應性使作用於AC伺服馬達35之驅動軸35a的扭矩傳達至滾珠螺桿36之軸部36b。因此，即使以高周期使AC伺服馬達35之驅動軸35a來回旋轉，因為滾珠螺桿36仍可正確地追隨驅動軸35a之移動，所以，即使測試片係鋼等高剛性者，且以數十Hz以上之高速使十字頭31b來回運動時，仍可將所設定之負載(應變)正確地施加於測試片。亦即，本實施例之通用測試機台1可在短時間進行測試片之疲勞測試。 As described above, in the configuration of the present embodiment, since the drive shaft 35a of the AC servo motor 35 and the ball screw 36 are centered with high accuracy, the drive shaft 35a of the AC servo motor 35 is applied by the centering error and The bending stress of the shaft portion 36b of the ball screw 36 is small. A coupling that is commonly used for coupling a servo motor and a feed screw is a soft coupling formed by absorbing a bending stress by a material having a low rigidity (rubber, metal spring, or the like). However, in the present embodiment, as described above, since the centering of the two axes can be performed with high precision, the rigid coupler 34 formed of a material having high rigidity can be used. Therefore, the torque acting on the drive shaft 35a of the AC servo motor 35 can be transmitted to the shaft portion 36b of the ball screw 36 with high reactivity. Therefore, even if the drive shaft 35a of the AC servo motor 35 is rotated back and forth at a high cycle, since the ball screw 36 can correctly follow the movement of the drive shaft 35a, even if the test piece is high rigidity such as a steel, and is in the order of several Hz When the above high speed causes the crosshead 31b to move back and forth, the set load (strain) can still be correctly applied to the test piece. That is, the universal testing machine 1 of the present embodiment can perform the fatigue test of the test piece in a short time.

另外，本實施例中，如第二圖所示，係分別將軌道44固定於導引框42，將移動塊46固定於下部載台而構成，不過，亦可分別將移動塊固定於導引框，將軌道固定於下部載台(亦即與進給螺桿卡合之螺母)而構成。 In addition, in the present embodiment, as shown in the second figure, the rail 44 is fixed to the guide frame 42 and the moving block 46 is fixed to the lower stage. However, the moving block can be separately fixed to the guide. The frame is constructed by fixing the rail to the lower stage (that is, the nut that engages with the feed screw).

此外，本實施例中，使通用測試機台之十字頭上下移動的機構係使用線性驅動器，不過，該線性驅動器除了通用測試機台之外，如第八圖亦可利用於使汽車C在上下方向激振用的激振測試機台1'。亦即，根據本實施 型態係備有4組可移動部30與線性導軌40(第一圖)的線性驅動器，而將其分別固定於被基座B支撐的機台框架部10’。而後，將各個十字頭31b固定於汽車C之車輪W，藉由驅動可移動部30之AC伺服馬達35，可使汽車C激振。此種激振測試機台可以高振動頻率激振如汽車C之重量大的受測體。 In addition, in the embodiment, the mechanism for moving the cross head of the universal test machine up and down uses a linear driver. However, the linear drive can be used to make the car C up and down in addition to the universal test machine. Excitation test machine 1' for direction excitation. That is, according to this implementation The type is provided with a linear actuator of four sets of movable portions 30 and linear guides 40 (first drawing), and is fixed to the machine frame portion 10' supported by the base B, respectively. Then, each of the crossheads 31b is fixed to the wheel W of the car C, and the car C is excited by the AC servo motor 35 that drives the movable portion 30. The vibration test machine can excite a subject with a large weight such as the weight of the automobile C at a high vibration frequency.

此外，本實施例中，剛性聯結器34聯結滾珠螺桿36之軸部36b與AC伺服馬達35之驅動軸35a(第三圖)。但是，本發明並非限定於上述之構成，亦可使用在扭力方向具有高剛性之其他聯結器。此種聯結器如為其次說明之本發明第二實施例的半剛性聯結器。 Further, in the present embodiment, the rigid coupling 34 couples the shaft portion 36b of the ball screw 36 with the drive shaft 35a of the AC servo motor 35 (third diagram). However, the present invention is not limited to the above configuration, and other couplers having high rigidity in the torque direction may be used. Such a coupling is a semi-rigid coupling of a second embodiment of the invention as described second.

將藉由半剛性聯結器聯結滾珠螺桿與AC伺服器之驅動軸的通用測試機台，作為本發明之第二實施例而說明於下。另外，本發明之第一實施例與第二實施例，僅聯結滾珠螺桿與AC伺服馬達之驅動軸的聯結器不同，其他均相同。因此，本實施例中，在與第一實施例相同之構件或元件上賦予與第一實施例同一符號，而省略此等之詳細說明。 A general-purpose test machine in which a ball screw and a drive shaft of an AC servo are coupled by a semi-rigid coupling is described as a second embodiment of the present invention. Further, in the first embodiment and the second embodiment of the present invention, only the coupling of the ball screw and the drive shaft of the AC servo motor is different, and the others are the same. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the same reference numerals are given to the same members or elements as those of the first embodiment, and the detailed description thereof will be omitted.

第九圖係顯示本實施例中之半剛性聯結器300，及經由該半剛性聯結器300而彼此聯結之AC伺服馬達35的驅動軸35a與滾珠螺桿36之軸部36b的放大剖面圖。本實施例之半剛性聯結器300構成扭力剛性極高，可以高反應性使施加於AC伺服馬達35之驅動軸35a的扭矩傳達至滾珠螺桿36。此外，構成藉由內部之樹脂構件而柔軟地吸收長度方向之軸的變位，使從AC伺服馬達35之驅動軸35a傳導之AC伺服器發生的軸方向振動大幅衰減，而不易傳導至滾珠螺桿36。 The ninth diagram shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of the semi-rigid coupling 300 of the present embodiment, and the drive shaft 35a of the AC servo motor 35 and the shaft portion 36b of the ball screw 36 which are coupled to each other via the semi-rigid coupling 300. The semi-rigid coupling 300 of the present embodiment constitutes extremely high torque rigidity, and can transmit the torque applied to the drive shaft 35a of the AC servo motor 35 to the ball screw 36 with high reactivity. Further, the displacement of the shaft in the longitudinal direction is softly absorbed by the internal resin member, and the axial vibration generated by the AC servo conducted from the drive shaft 35a of the AC servo motor 35 is largely attenuated, and is not easily transmitted to the ball screw. 36.

如第九圖所示，半剛性聯結器300由尼龍製之內輪360、一對硬鋁製之外輪320及340、以及固定此等之複數(本實施例係6個)螺栓382而構成。在內輪360之中央，於內部相互連絡之圓孔362a、362b設於同軸上。圓孔362a之內徑係可無間隙地***AC伺服馬達35之驅動軸35a的大小，圓孔362b之內徑成為可無間隙地***滾珠螺桿36之軸部36b的大小。另外，本實施例中，由於滾珠螺桿36之軸部36b的直徑比AC伺服馬達35之驅動軸35a小，因此圓孔362b之外徑比圓孔362a之外徑小。 As shown in the ninth figure, the semi-rigid coupling 300 is composed of an inner wheel 360 made of nylon, a pair of outer rings 320 and 340 made of hard aluminum, and a plurality of bolts 382 (six in this embodiment). In the center of the inner wheel 360, the circular holes 362a, 362b which are internally connected to each other are disposed coaxially. The inner diameter of the circular hole 362a is inserted into the drive shaft 35a of the AC servo motor 35 without a gap, and the inner diameter of the circular hole 362b is inserted into the shaft portion 36b of the ball screw 36 without a gap. Further, in the present embodiment, since the diameter of the shaft portion 36b of the ball screw 36 is smaller than the drive shaft 35a of the AC servo motor 35, the outer diameter of the circular hole 362b is smaller than the outer diameter of the circular hole 362a.

在內輪360之軸方向中央，形成有從內輪360之外周延伸於半徑方向 朝外的凸緣部360a。從凸緣部360a之兩面中央部分別形成有延伸於軸方向之錐形部。錐形部之外側面364、366成為隨著接近軸方向頂端而外徑逐漸變小之圓錐狀的錐形面。此外，在夾著內輪360之一對外輪320、340的中央分別形成有具有錐形形狀的內側面322、342的貫穿孔。外輪320與340分別將內側面322、342之錐形面打開方向朝向內輪360側而配置。外輪320、340之錐形形狀的內側面322、342分別具有與內輪360之外側面364、366相同的錐角。而後，外輪320之內側面322與內輪360之外側面364、外輪340之內側面342與內輪360之外側面366重疊地，在外輪320、340之貫穿孔中***形成於內輪兩端的錐形部。 In the center of the axial direction of the inner wheel 360, a radial direction extending from the outer circumference of the inner wheel 360 is formed. The outward flange portion 360a. A tapered portion extending in the axial direction is formed from a central portion of both surfaces of the flange portion 360a. The tapered outer surface 364 and 366 are conical tapered surfaces whose outer diameter gradually decreases as approaching the distal end in the axial direction. Further, a through hole having tapered inner side surfaces 322 and 342 is formed in the center of each of the outer wheels 320 and 340 sandwiching the inner wheel 360. The outer wheels 320 and 340 are disposed such that the tapered surface opening directions of the inner side surfaces 322 and 342 are directed toward the inner wheel 360 side. The tapered inner side surfaces 322, 342 of the outer wheels 320, 340 each have the same taper angle as the outer sides 364, 366 of the inner wheel 360. Then, the inner side surface 322 of the outer wheel 320 and the outer side surface 364 of the inner wheel 360 and the inner side surface 342 of the outer wheel 340 overlap with the outer side surface 366 of the inner wheel 360, and are inserted into the through holes of the outer wheels 320 and 340 to be formed at both ends of the inner wheel. Conical part.

此外，在外輪340之貫穿孔的周圍，與形成於螺栓382之頂端部的陽螺紋卡合的陰螺紋344，在將貫穿孔之軸作為中心的圓周上等間隔地形成有複數個。此外，外輪320與內輪360之凸緣部360a中，亦在對應於陰螺紋344之位置分別形成有螺栓孔324、368。而後，6個螺栓382插通於外輪320之螺栓孔324及內輪360之螺栓孔368，而與外輪340之陰螺紋344卡合。 Further, the female screw 344 engaged with the male screw formed at the distal end portion of the bolt 382 around the through hole of the outer ring 340 is formed in plural at equal intervals on the circumference centering the shaft of the through hole. Further, in the flange portion 360a of the outer ring 320 and the inner wheel 360, bolt holes 324, 368 are formed at positions corresponding to the female screw 344, respectively. Then, the six bolts 382 are inserted into the bolt holes 324 of the outer wheel 320 and the bolt holes 368 of the inner wheel 360 to engage with the female threads 344 of the outer wheel 340.

在內輪360之圓孔362a中，從下方***AC伺服馬達35之驅動軸35a的頂端，在圓孔362b中，從上方***滾珠螺桿36之軸部36b的頂端後，而緊固螺栓382時，內輪360被外輪320與外輪340從兩側強力夾著，而內輪360之2個錐形部分別深深嵌入外輪320、340之貫穿孔內。因而，藉由楔形之原理，從內輪360之圓孔362a、362b至AC伺服馬達35之驅動軸35a及滾珠螺桿36之軸部36b分別施加強側壓。因此，在圓孔362a、362b與驅動軸35a、滾珠螺桿36之軸部36b之間分別發生強力之摩擦力，驅動軸35a與滾珠螺桿36經由內輪360而一體地聯結。結果，半剛性聯結器300構成之聯結部的扭力剛性與滾珠螺桿36及AC伺服馬達35之驅動軸35a相等或比其大。 In the circular hole 362a of the inner ring 360, the distal end of the drive shaft 35a of the AC servo motor 35 is inserted from below, and the distal end of the shaft portion 36b of the ball screw 36 is inserted into the circular hole 362b from above, and the bolt 382 is tightened. The inner wheel 360 is strongly sandwiched by the outer wheel 320 and the outer wheel 340 from both sides, and the two tapered portions of the inner wheel 360 are deeply embedded in the through holes of the outer wheels 320, 340, respectively. Therefore, the strong side pressure is applied from the circular holes 362a and 362b of the inner ring 360 to the drive shaft 35a of the AC servo motor 35 and the shaft portion 36b of the ball screw 36 by the principle of the wedge shape. Therefore, a strong frictional force is generated between the circular holes 362a and 362b and the drive shaft 35a and the shaft portion 36b of the ball screw 36, and the drive shaft 35a and the ball screw 36 are integrally coupled via the inner ring 360. As a result, the torsional rigidity of the coupling portion constituted by the semi-rigid coupling 300 is equal to or larger than the driving shaft 35a of the ball screw 36 and the AC servo motor 35.

如第九圖所示，在外輪320與340之間，僅以黏彈性體之尼龍樹脂而形成之內輪支撐。此外，在半剛性聯結器300中，AC伺服馬達35之驅動軸35a的頂端與滾珠螺桿36之軸部36b的頂端離開微小(如約1毫米)之間隔而聯結。因此，從馬達施加壓縮軸之方向的力時，內輪360彈性變形， 該驅動軸35a與滾珠螺桿36之間隔狹窄，在半剛性聯結器300內吸收軸方向之力，可使傳導至滾珠螺桿36側之力大幅衰減。本實施例中，內輪360之振動衰減率在驅動軸35a的固有振動數中概略為最大。藉此，可使驅動軸35a之軸方向或軸之半徑方向的振動有效地衰減。 As shown in the ninth figure, between the outer rings 320 and 340, the inner wheel is formed only by the nylon resin of the viscoelastic body. Further, in the semi-rigid coupling 300, the tip end of the drive shaft 35a of the AC servo motor 35 is coupled to the tip end of the shaft portion 36b of the ball screw 36 at a minute (e.g., about 1 mm) interval. Therefore, when the force in the direction of the compression shaft is applied from the motor, the inner wheel 360 is elastically deformed. The distance between the drive shaft 35a and the ball screw 36 is narrow, and the force in the axial direction is absorbed in the semi-rigid coupling 300, so that the force transmitted to the side of the ball screw 36 can be greatly attenuated. In the present embodiment, the vibration damping rate of the inner ring 360 is roughly the largest in the natural vibration number of the drive shaft 35a. Thereby, the vibration in the radial direction of the drive shaft 35a or the radial direction of the shaft can be effectively attenuated.

另外，如上述，AC伺服馬達35之驅動軸35a的頂端與滾珠螺桿36之軸部36b的頂端之間隔短達1毫米程度，此外，各軸之頂端的全周與內輪一體化。因而，在返回方向充分地剛性聯結，可將AC伺服馬達35之驅動軸35a的旋轉驅動正確地傳達至滾珠螺桿36。 Further, as described above, the distance between the distal end of the drive shaft 35a of the AC servo motor 35 and the distal end of the shaft portion 36b of the ball screw 36 is as short as about 1 mm, and the entire circumference of the distal end of each shaft is integrated with the inner ring. Therefore, the rotation drive of the drive shaft 35a of the AC servo motor 35 can be accurately transmitted to the ball screw 36 in a sufficiently rigid connection in the return direction.

以上說明之本發明的第一及第二實施例，係關於使用進給螺桿機構的通用測試機台者。但是，本發明除了通用測試機台之外，亦可適用於以下說明之本發明的第三實施例之其他種類的材料測試機台中。 The first and second embodiments of the present invention described above relate to a universal test machine using a feed screw mechanism. However, the present invention can be applied to other types of material testing machines of the third embodiment of the present invention described below in addition to the universal testing machine.

第十圖係本發明第三實施例之扭力測試機台的前視圖。此外，第十一圖係本實施例之扭力測試機台的俯視圖。本實施例之扭力測試機台501中，長條狀之測試片S係在其長軸方向概略水平地藉由卡盤572、574之爪572a、547a把持兩端的狀態下進行扭力測試。另外，為了明確說明扭力測試機台501之構造，測試片S及把持該測試片之卡盤572、574僅顯示於第十圖中。亦即，第十一圖係測試片S及卡盤572、574被拆下狀態的扭力測試機台501之俯視圖。 The tenth drawing is a front view of the torque testing machine of the third embodiment of the present invention. Further, the eleventh drawing is a plan view of the torque testing machine of the present embodiment. In the torque testing machine 501 of the present embodiment, the long test piece S is subjected to a torque test in a state where the longitudinal ends thereof are substantially horizontally held by the claws 572a and 547a of the chucks 572 and 574. In addition, in order to clarify the configuration of the torque testing machine 501, the test piece S and the chucks 572, 574 holding the test piece are only shown in the tenth figure. That is, the eleventh drawing is a plan view of the torque testing machine 501 in which the test piece S and the chucks 572, 574 are removed.

如第十圖所示，本實施例中，在固定於基座B上之下部框架510之上設有：用於固定支撐測試片S之一端(固定端)的固定端支撐部520，與可旋轉地支撐測試片S之另一端(驅動端)的驅動端支撐部530。而後，藉由從驅動端支撐部530賦予旋轉軸A周圍之指定扭矩至測試片，可在測試片S上施加扭力應力而扭轉。 As shown in the tenth embodiment, in the embodiment, a fixed end support portion 520 for fixing one end (fixed end) of the test piece S is provided on the lower frame 510 fixed to the base B, and The drive end support portion 530 of the other end (drive end) of the test piece S is rotatably supported. Then, by imparting a specified torque around the rotating shaft A from the driving end support portion 530 to the test piece, a torsional stress can be applied to the test piece S to be twisted.

固定端支撐部520具有安裝凸緣527，其係用於安裝把持測試片S之固定端用的固定端側卡盤572。從安裝凸緣527之與安裝了固定端側卡盤572之面的相反側之面，支撐軸526延伸於概略水平方向。 The fixed end support portion 520 has a mounting flange 527 for mounting a fixed end side chuck 572 for holding the fixed end of the test piece S. The support shaft 526 extends in a substantially horizontal direction from the surface of the mounting flange 527 opposite to the surface on which the fixed end side chuck 572 is mounted.

支撐軸526之頂端聯結於扭矩計測用之負載傳感器562之一端。在支撐軸526之頂端與負載傳感器562之一端分別形成有連接用之凸緣，藉由以螺栓固定各凸緣，而聯結支撐軸526與負載傳感器562。負載傳感器562 之另一端固定於固定端支撐部520之固定端側的側框架522。側框架522藉由螺栓固定、焊接等之裝置而強固地固定於固定端支撐部520之固定端支撐板521上。固定端支撐板521固定於下部框架510上。此處，側框架522係具有L字狀之剖面形狀的板狀構件，且其角落部中形成有補強用之肋條522a。因而，側框架522成為剛性高者。由於固定端支撐板521強固地固定於下部框架510，因此側框架522可視為與基座B一體之剛體，不過詳細如後述。 The top end of the support shaft 526 is coupled to one end of the load cell 562 for torque measurement. A flange for connection is formed at one end of the support shaft 526 and one end of the load cell 562, and the support shaft 526 and the load cell 562 are coupled by bolting the flanges. Load sensor 562 The other end is fixed to the side frame 522 on the fixed end side of the fixed end support portion 520. The side frame 522 is strongly fixed to the fixed end support plate 521 of the fixed end support portion 520 by means of bolting, welding, or the like. The fixed end support plate 521 is fixed to the lower frame 510. Here, the side frame 522 is a plate-like member having an L-shaped cross-sectional shape, and a reinforcing rib 522a is formed in a corner portion thereof. Therefore, the side frame 522 becomes a rigid one. Since the fixed end support plate 521 is strongly fixed to the lower frame 510, the side frame 522 can be regarded as a rigid body integrated with the base B, but will be described later in detail.

如此，測試片S之固定端經由固定端側卡盤572、安裝凸緣527、支撐軸526、負載傳感器562而固定於側框架522。此處，固定端側卡盤572、安裝凸緣527、支撐軸526、負載傳感器562對測試片S充分地提高扭力剛性，藉由在測試片S之驅動端施予扭矩，可使測試片S之內部發生因應扭矩大小之扭力應力。而後，藉由負載傳感器562計測施加於測試片S之扭矩的大小。 Thus, the fixed end of the test piece S is fixed to the side frame 522 via the fixed end side chuck 572, the mounting flange 527, the support shaft 526, and the load sensor 562. Here, the fixed end side chuck 572, the mounting flange 527, the support shaft 526, and the load sensor 562 sufficiently increase the torsional rigidity of the test piece S, and the test piece S can be made by applying a torque to the driving end of the test piece S. Torque stress in response to the torque is generated inside. Then, the magnitude of the torque applied to the test piece S is measured by the load sensor 562.

此外，支撐軸526在其中途藉由固定端側軸承524可旋轉地支撐。固定端側軸承524亦藉由螺栓固定、焊接等之裝置而強固地固定於固定端支撐板521上。 Further, the support shaft 526 is rotatably supported in the middle by the fixed end side bearing 524. The fixed end side bearing 524 is also strongly fixed to the fixed end support plate 521 by means of bolting, welding, or the like.

其次，就用於將固定端支撐板521固定於下部框架510的機構作說明。如第十一圖所示，在下部框架510之上面形成有一對溝511。使用該溝511與螺栓512而將固定端支撐板521固定於下部框架510。另外，在固定端支撐板521上，沿著各溝511各設有7個(亦即合計14個)插通螺栓512之貫穿孔521a，藉由在此等貫穿孔521a之全部安裝螺栓512，固定端支撐板521強固地固定於下部框架510。 Next, a description will be given of a mechanism for fixing the fixed end support plate 521 to the lower frame 510. As shown in the eleventh figure, a pair of grooves 511 are formed on the upper frame 510. The fixed end support plate 521 is fixed to the lower frame 510 by using the groove 511 and the bolt 512. Further, on the fixed end support plate 521, seven (that is, a total of 14) through holes 521a of the insertion bolts 512 are provided along the respective grooves 511, and the bolts 512 are mounted on all of the through holes 521a. The fixed end support plate 521 is strongly fixed to the lower frame 510.

其次，就藉由螺栓512而固定固定端支撐板521的構造詳細說明。第十二圖係第十一圖之II-II剖面圖。如第十二圖所示，溝511係下部511b之寬度比上部511a之寬度大的附階差之溝。此外，螺栓512係在頭部形成了六角扳手用之六角孔512a的所謂附六角孔螺栓。該螺栓512與配置於溝511之下部511b的螺母513卡合。螺母513之尺寸僅比下部511b之寬度稍小，且比上部511a之寬度大，因此在螺栓512之頭部與螺母513之間緊固固定端支撐板521與溝511之上部511a。結果固定端支撐板521強固地固 定於下部框架510。 Next, the configuration of fixing the fixed end support plate 521 by the bolt 512 will be described in detail. The twelfth figure is a sectional view of II-II of the eleventh figure. As shown in Fig. 12, the groove 511 is a groove having a width smaller than the width of the upper portion 511a. Further, the bolt 512 is a so-called hexagonal hole bolt in which a hexagonal hole 512a for a hexagonal wrench is formed on the head. The bolt 512 is engaged with a nut 513 disposed at a lower portion 511b of the groove 511. The size of the nut 513 is only slightly smaller than the width of the lower portion 511b and larger than the width of the upper portion 511a. Therefore, the end support plate 521 and the upper portion 511a of the groove 511 are fastened between the head of the bolt 512 and the nut 513. As a result, the fixed end support plate 521 is firmly fixed Set at the lower frame 510.

其次，就驅動端支撐部530之構成作說明。 Next, the configuration of the drive end support portion 530 will be described.

如第十圖所示，驅動端支撐部530具有安裝凸緣537，其係用於安裝把持測試片S之驅動端用的驅動端側卡盤574。在安裝凸緣537之與安裝了驅動端側卡盤574之面相反側之面上設有減速機構536。具體而言，係在減速機構536之輸出軸上形成有安裝凸緣537。減速機構536將其輸入軸之高速、低扭矩的旋轉運動轉換成輸出軸之低速、高扭矩的旋轉運動。輸出軸之旋轉運動經由凸緣537、卡盤574而傳達至測試片S之驅動端。 As shown in the tenth diagram, the drive end support portion 530 has a mounting flange 537 for mounting a drive end side chuck 574 for holding the drive end of the test piece S. A speed reduction mechanism 536 is provided on a surface of the mounting flange 537 opposite to the surface on which the drive end side chuck 574 is mounted. Specifically, a mounting flange 537 is formed on the output shaft of the speed reduction mechanism 536. The speed reduction mechanism 536 converts the high speed, low torque rotary motion of its input shaft into a low speed, high torque rotary motion of the output shaft. The rotational motion of the output shaft is transmitted to the driving end of the test piece S via the flange 537 and the chuck 574.

該減速機構536固定於驅動端支撐部530之驅動端側之側框架532。驅動端側之側框架532藉由焊接於驅動端支撐部530之驅動端支撐板531之上而強固地固定。驅動端支撐板531藉由與固定端支撐板521同樣之固定裝置而固定於下部框架510上。此處，側框架532係概略垂直於旋轉軸A之板狀的構件，且在藉由側框架532與驅動端支撐板531而形成之角落部形成有補強用肋條532a。該肋條532a亦焊接於驅動端支撐板531與驅動端側之側框架532。因此，側框架532與驅動端支撐板531以高剛性而一體化。如前述由於驅動端支撐板531強固地固定於下部框架510，因此側框架532可視為與基座B一體之剛體。 The speed reduction mechanism 536 is fixed to the side frame 532 on the drive end side of the drive end support portion 530. The side frame 532 on the driving end side is strongly fixed by being welded to the driving end support plate 531 of the driving end support portion 530. The drive end support plate 531 is fixed to the lower frame 510 by the same fixing means as the fixed end support plate 521. Here, the side frame 532 is a plate-shaped member that is substantially perpendicular to the rotation axis A, and a reinforcing rib 532a is formed at a corner portion formed by the side frame 532 and the driving end support plate 531. The rib 532a is also welded to the drive end support plate 531 and the side frame 532 on the drive end side. Therefore, the side frame 532 and the driving end support plate 531 are integrated with high rigidity. As described above, since the driving end support plate 531 is strongly fixed to the lower frame 510, the side frame 532 can be regarded as a rigid body integral with the base B.

在下部框架510之中央部(溝511、511之間)形成有空洞部514。在該空洞部514中設有用於使驅動端支撐部530對下部框架510滑動於旋轉軸A方向的進給螺桿機構。如第十及第十一圖所示，在空洞部514中設有在與旋轉軸A平行之方向延伸的進給螺桿544。進給螺桿544之兩端藉由一對軸承545、546(第十圖)而可旋轉地支撐。此外，在驅動端支撐板531之下面固定有與該進給螺桿544卡合之螺母548。因而，在驅動端支撐板531未固定於下部框架510之狀態(亦即旋鬆用於固定驅動端支撐板531的螺栓之狀態)下，藉由使進給螺桿544轉動，可使驅動端支撐部530沿著進給螺桿544而移動。另外，在進給螺桿544之一端(軸承545側)設有使進給螺桿544轉動用之手柄542。本實施例中，如此藉由使驅動端支撐部530移動，可因應測試片S之尺寸而調整固定端支撐部520與驅動端支撐部530之間隔。 A cavity portion 514 is formed in a central portion of the lower frame 510 (between the grooves 511 and 511). The cavity portion 514 is provided with a feed screw mechanism for sliding the drive end support portion 530 to the lower frame 510 in the direction of the rotation axis A. As shown in the tenth and eleventh figures, the cavity portion 514 is provided with a feed screw 544 extending in a direction parallel to the rotation axis A. Both ends of the feed screw 544 are rotatably supported by a pair of bearings 545, 546 (Fig. 10). Further, a nut 548 that engages with the feed screw 544 is fixed to the lower side of the drive end support plate 531. Therefore, in a state where the driving end support plate 531 is not fixed to the lower frame 510 (that is, the state in which the bolt for fixing the driving end supporting plate 531 is loosened), the driving end can be supported by rotating the feeding screw 544. The portion 530 moves along the feed screw 544. Further, a handle 542 for rotating the feed screw 544 is provided at one end of the feed screw 544 (on the side of the bearing 545). In this embodiment, by moving the driving end supporting portion 530, the interval between the fixed end supporting portion 520 and the driving end supporting portion 530 can be adjusted in accordance with the size of the test piece S.

此外，在側框架532之安裝凸緣537的下部安裝有編碼器538之皮帶輪538a。安裝凸緣537之外周部537a亦具有作為皮帶輪之功能，而在編碼器538之皮帶輪538a與安裝凸緣537之皮帶輪537a上架設無端皮帶539。編碼器538藉由檢測皮帶輪538a之旋轉角，運算安裝凸緣537之旋轉數、對安裝凸緣537之初期位置的旋轉角度及反覆測試時之周期數等，可將其顯示於編碼器538之顯示部538b。因此，扭力測試機台501之操作者可從編碼器538之顯示部538b的顯示內容確認扭力測試之進展狀況等。 Further, a pulley 538a of the encoder 538 is mounted at a lower portion of the mounting flange 537 of the side frame 532. The outer peripheral portion 537a of the mounting flange 537 also functions as a pulley, and an endless belt 539 is erected on the pulley 538a of the encoder 538 and the pulley 537a of the mounting flange 537. The encoder 538 can display the rotation angle of the pulley 538a, the number of rotations of the mounting flange 537, the rotation angle of the initial position of the mounting flange 537, and the number of cycles during the repeated test, etc., which can be displayed on the encoder 538. Display unit 538b. Therefore, the operator of the torque testing machine 501 can confirm the progress of the torque test or the like from the display content of the display portion 538b of the encoder 538.

其次，就減速機構536之輸入軸536a與在該輸入軸上施加扭矩之AC伺服馬達535的配置作說明。第十三圖係第十一圖之III-III剖面圖。如第十三圖所示，減速機構536之輸入軸536經由剛性聯結器533而與AC伺服馬達535之驅動軸535a聯結。因此，藉由驅動AC伺服馬達535可在測試片S上施加扭力應力。此外，如圖所示，AC伺服馬達535經由馬達支撐框架534而固定於側框架532上。 Next, the arrangement of the input shaft 536a of the speed reduction mechanism 536 and the AC servo motor 535 that applies torque to the input shaft will be described. The thirteenth picture is a sectional view of the III-III of the eleventh figure. As shown in the thirteenth diagram, the input shaft 536 of the reduction mechanism 536 is coupled to the drive shaft 535a of the AC servo motor 535 via a rigid coupling 533. Therefore, a torsional stress can be applied to the test piece S by driving the AC servo motor 535. Further, as shown, the AC servo motor 535 is fixed to the side frame 532 via the motor support frame 534.

另外，減速機構536埋入側框架532上形成之開口532b中而強固地固定。本實施例中，減速機構536係波動齒輪減速機構。波動齒輪減速機構具有輸入軸與輸出軸為同軸的特徵。因而，本實施例中，旋轉軸A與AC伺服馬達535之驅動軸535a成為同軸。由於旋轉軸A與AC伺服馬達535之驅動軸535a成為同軸，因此成為扭力測試機台501對包含旋轉軸A之垂直面概略對稱之形狀。因而，測試機台501之重量平衡佳，於測試時不易發生振動。此外，波動齒輪減速機構具有齒隙極小之特徵。因而，藉由在將反覆負載施加於測試片之疲勞測試機台中導入波動齒輪減速機，可大幅提高疲勞測試之精確度。就本發明人所瞭解之範圍內，還不存在先前之疲勞測試機台中利用波動齒輪減速機者。 Further, the speed reduction mechanism 536 is embedded in the opening 532b formed in the side frame 532 to be firmly fixed. In the present embodiment, the speed reduction mechanism 536 is a wave gear reduction mechanism. The wave gear reduction mechanism has a feature that the input shaft and the output shaft are coaxial. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the rotation axis A and the drive shaft 535a of the AC servo motor 535 are coaxial. Since the rotation axis A is coaxial with the drive shaft 535a of the AC servo motor 535, the torque test machine 501 has a shape that is substantially symmetrical with respect to the vertical plane including the rotation axis A. Therefore, the test machine 501 has a good balance of weight and is less prone to vibration during testing. In addition, the wave gear reduction mechanism has a feature that the backlash is extremely small. Therefore, the accuracy of the fatigue test can be greatly improved by introducing the wave gear reducer into the fatigue test machine that applies the reverse load to the test piece. To the extent that the inventors are aware, there is no previous use of a wave gear reducer in a fatigue testing machine.

本實施例之剛性聯結器533構成扭力剛性極高，可以高反應性使施加於AC伺服馬達535之驅動軸535a的扭矩傳達至減速機構536的輸入軸536a。以下，就剛性聯結器533之構造作說明。第十四圖係顯示剛性聯結器533及經由該剛性聯結器533而彼此聯結的AC伺服馬達535之驅動軸535a與減速機構536之輸入軸536a的放大剖面圖。 The rigid coupling 533 of the present embodiment constitutes extremely high torque rigidity, and can transmit the torque applied to the drive shaft 535a of the AC servo motor 535 to the input shaft 536a of the speed reduction mechanism 536 with high reactivity. Hereinafter, the configuration of the rigid coupling 533 will be described. The fourteenth diagram shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of the rigid coupling 533 and the drive shaft 535a of the AC servo motor 535 and the input shaft 536a of the speed reduction mechanism 536 which are coupled to each other via the rigid coupling 533.

如圖所示，剛性聯結器533全體成為中空之階梯形圓棒形狀(亦即， 階梯形厚度之圓筒)。亦即，剛性聯結器533具有：具備***減速機構536之輸入軸536a的輸出側開口部533c之輸出側圓筒部533a，及具備***AC伺服馬達535之驅動軸535a的輸入側開口部533d之輸入側圓筒部533b。本實施例中，因為減速機構536之輸入軸536a的直徑比AC伺服馬達535之驅動軸535a小，所以輸出側圓筒部533a之外徑比輸入側圓筒部533b之外徑小。 As shown, the rigid coupling 533 as a whole has a hollow stepped round bar shape (i.e., a cylinder of stepped thickness). In other words, the rigid coupling 533 has an output side cylindrical portion 533a that includes an output side opening 533c that is inserted into the input shaft 536a of the speed reduction mechanism 536, and an input side opening portion 533d that is provided with a drive shaft 535a that is inserted into the AC servo motor 535. The input side cylindrical portion 533b. In the present embodiment, since the diameter of the input shaft 536a of the speed reduction mechanism 536 is smaller than the drive shaft 535a of the AC servo motor 535, the outer diameter of the output side cylindrical portion 533a is smaller than the outer diameter of the input side cylindrical portion 533b.

此外，在輸出側圓筒部533a及輸入側圓筒部533b之內側(第十四圖中，輸出側圓筒部533a之右側及輸入側圓筒部533b之左側)分別形成有狹窄部533e及533f。狹窄部533e及533f之直徑分別與減速機構536之輸入軸536a及AC伺服馬達535之驅動軸535a的直徑概略相等。因而，在狹窄部533e及533f之內周面與減速機構536之輸入軸536a與AC伺服馬達535之驅動軸535a的外周幾乎無間隙的狀態下，減速機構536之輸入軸536a與AC伺服馬達535之驅動軸535a收容於狹窄部533e、533f。 Further, inside the output-side cylindrical portion 533a and the input-side cylindrical portion 533b (in the fourteenth diagram, the right side of the output-side cylindrical portion 533a and the left side of the input-side cylindrical portion 533b) are formed with narrow portions 533e and 533f. The diameters of the narrow portions 533e and 533f are substantially equal to the diameters of the input shaft 536a of the speed reduction mechanism 536 and the drive shaft 535a of the AC servo motor 535, respectively. Therefore, in the state where the inner peripheral surface of the narrowed portions 533e and 533f and the input shaft 536a of the speed reducing mechanism 536 and the outer circumference of the drive shaft 535a of the AC servo motor 535 have almost no gap, the input shaft 536a of the speed reducing mechanism 536 and the AC servo motor 535 are provided. The drive shaft 535a is housed in the narrow portions 533e and 533f.

輸出側開口部533c及輸入側開口部533d之直徑分別構成比減速機構536之輸入軸536a及AC伺服馬達535之驅動軸535a的外徑大。為了將輸出側開口部533c及輸入側開口部533d分別固定於減速機構536之輸入軸536a及AC伺服馬達535之驅動軸535a，而使用固定用環630及640。 The diameters of the output side opening 533c and the input side opening 533d are respectively larger than the outer diameters of the input shaft 536a of the speed reduction mechanism 536 and the drive shaft 535a of the AC servo motor 535. The fixing rings 630 and 640 are used to fix the output side opening 533c and the input side opening 533d to the input shaft 536a of the speed reduction mechanism 536 and the drive shaft 535a of the AC servo motor 535, respectively.

固定用環630具有：內輪632、外輪634及螺栓636。內輪632之外周面632a成為直徑朝向AC伺服馬達側(圖中右側)而變小的錐形面。此外，內輪632之內周面632b成為比減速機構536之輸入軸536a的外徑稍大程度之圓筒面。在內輪632之減速機構側(圖中左側)形成有擴大於半徑方向外側的凸緣部632c。凸緣部632c中設有複數將螺栓636插通於旋轉軸A方向的螺栓孔632d。外輪634之內周面634a成為直徑朝向AC伺服馬達側而變小的錐形面。此外，外輪634之外周面634b成為比輸出側開口部533c之直徑稍小的圓筒面。再者，外輪634中形成有複數與螺栓636卡合之陰螺紋634c。將外輪634及內輪632***輸出側開口部533c與減速機構536之輸入軸536a間的間隙，其次藉由螺栓636將內輪632固定於外輪634，進一步藉由緊固螺栓636，而內輪632之內周面632b強力壓迫減速機構536之輸入軸536a，外輪634之圓筒面634b強力壓迫輸出側開口部533c。結果， 藉由發生之靜摩擦力，減速機構536之輸入軸536a強固地固定於剛性聯結器533之輸出側圓筒部533a，而兩者形成一體。另外，圖中係分別各顯示二組螺栓636、螺栓孔632d及陰螺紋634c，不過，實際上在將減速機構536之軸作為中心的圓周上設有多數個(例如10組)。 The fixing ring 630 has an inner wheel 632, an outer wheel 634, and a bolt 636. The outer circumferential surface 632a of the inner ring 632 has a tapered surface whose diameter is smaller toward the AC servo motor side (the right side in the drawing). Further, the inner circumferential surface 632b of the inner ring 632 is a cylindrical surface slightly larger than the outer diameter of the input shaft 536a of the speed reduction mechanism 536. A flange portion 632c that is enlarged in the radial direction outer side is formed on the speed reduction mechanism side (the left side in the drawing) of the inner wheel 632. The flange portion 632c is provided with a plurality of bolt holes 632d through which the bolts 636 are inserted in the direction of the rotation axis A. The inner circumferential surface 634a of the outer ring 634 has a tapered surface whose diameter is smaller toward the AC servo motor side. Further, the outer circumferential surface 634b of the outer ring 634 is a cylindrical surface slightly smaller than the diameter of the output side opening portion 533c. Further, a plurality of female threads 634c that engage with the bolts 636 are formed in the outer wheel 634. The outer wheel 634 and the inner wheel 632 are inserted into the gap between the output side opening 533c and the input shaft 536a of the speed reduction mechanism 536, and the inner wheel 632 is fixed to the outer wheel 634 by the bolt 636, further by the fastening bolt 636, and the inner wheel The inner circumferential surface 632b of the inner surface 632 strongly presses the input shaft 536a of the speed reduction mechanism 536, and the cylindrical surface 634b of the outer wheel 634 strongly presses the output side opening portion 533c. result, The input shaft 536a of the speed reduction mechanism 536 is strongly fixed to the output side cylindrical portion 533a of the rigid coupling 533 by the static friction generated, and the two are integrally formed. In addition, in the figure, two sets of bolts 636, bolt holes 632d, and female threads 634c are respectively displayed, but actually, a plurality of (for example, 10 sets) are provided on the circumference around which the shaft of the speed reduction mechanism 536 is centered.

同樣地，固定用環640具有：內輪642、外輪644及螺栓646。內輪642之外周面642a成為直徑朝向減速機構側而變小的錐形面。此外，內輪642之內周面642b成為比AC伺服馬達535之驅動軸535a的外徑稍大程度的圓筒面。在內輪642之下端形成有擴大於半徑方向外側之凸緣部642c。在凸緣部642c中設有複數將螺栓646插通於旋轉軸A方向的螺栓孔642d。外輪644之內周面644a成為直徑朝向減速機構側而變小之錐形面。此外，外輪644之外周面644b成為比輸入側開口部533d之直徑稍小的圓筒面。再者，外輪644中，在與螺栓孔642d對應之位置形成有複數與螺栓646卡合之陰螺紋644c。將外輪644及內輪642***輸入側開口部533d與AC伺服馬達535之驅動軸535a間的間隙，其次藉由螺栓646將內輪642固定於外輪644，進一步藉由緊固螺栓646，而內輪642之圓筒面642b強力壓迫AC伺服馬達535之驅動軸535a，外輪644之外周面644b強力壓迫輸入側開口部533d。結果藉由發生之靜摩擦力，AC伺服馬達535之驅動軸535a強固地固定於剛性聯結器533之輸入側圓筒部533b，兩者形成一體。另外，圖中係分別各顯示二組螺栓646、螺栓孔642d及陰螺紋644c，不過，實際上在將AC伺服馬達535之驅動軸535a的旋轉中心軸作為中心的圓周上設有多數個(例如10組)。 Similarly, the fixing ring 640 has an inner wheel 642, an outer wheel 644, and a bolt 646. The outer circumferential surface 642a of the inner ring 642 has a tapered surface whose diameter is smaller toward the speed reduction mechanism side. Further, the inner circumferential surface 642b of the inner ring 642 is a cylindrical surface slightly larger than the outer diameter of the drive shaft 535a of the AC servo motor 535. A flange portion 642c that is enlarged to the outer side in the radial direction is formed at a lower end of the inner ring 642. A bolt hole 642d that inserts the bolt 646 in the direction of the rotation axis A is provided in the flange portion 642c. The inner circumferential surface 644a of the outer ring 644 is a tapered surface whose diameter is smaller toward the speed reduction mechanism side. Further, the outer circumferential surface 644b of the outer ring 644 is a cylindrical surface slightly smaller than the diameter of the input side opening portion 533d. Further, in the outer ring 644, a plurality of female threads 644c that engage with the bolts 646 are formed at positions corresponding to the bolt holes 642d. The outer wheel 644 and the inner wheel 642 are inserted into the gap between the input side opening 533d and the drive shaft 535a of the AC servo motor 535, and the inner wheel 642 is fixed to the outer wheel 644 by the bolt 646, and further tightened by the bolt 646. The cylindrical surface 642b of the wheel 642 strongly presses the drive shaft 535a of the AC servo motor 535, and the outer peripheral surface 644b of the outer ring 644 strongly presses the input side opening 533d. As a result, the drive shaft 535a of the AC servo motor 535 is strongly fixed to the input side cylindrical portion 533b of the rigid coupling 533 by the static friction generated, and the two are integrally formed. In addition, in the figure, two sets of bolts 646, bolt holes 642d, and female threads 644c are respectively displayed, but actually, a plurality of them are provided on the circumference centering on the central axis of rotation of the drive shaft 535a of the AC servo motor 535 (for example, 10 groups).

因為剛性聯結器533之輸出側圓筒部533a及輸入側圓筒部533b的厚度充分大，所以剛性聯結器533實質地可視為剛體。因此，剛性聯結器533可將作用於AC伺服馬達535之驅動軸535a的扭矩，以高反應性傳達至減速機構536。 Since the thickness of the output side cylindrical portion 533a and the input side cylindrical portion 533b of the rigid coupling 533 is sufficiently large, the rigid coupling 533 can be substantially regarded as a rigid body. Therefore, the rigid coupling 533 can transmit the torque acting on the drive shaft 535a of the AC servo motor 535 to the speed reduction mechanism 536 with high reactivity.

其次，就本實施例之扭力測試機台501的控制計測部之構成作說明。第十五圖係本實施例之扭力測試機台501的控制計測部700之區塊圖。本實施例之扭力測試機台501可在短時間進行疲勞測試，並可以短周期(每一秒鐘數十周期程度)在測試片上施加反覆扭力負載。 Next, the configuration of the control measuring unit of the torque testing machine 501 of the present embodiment will be described. The fifteenth diagram is a block diagram of the control measuring unit 700 of the torque testing machine 501 of the present embodiment. The torque testing machine 501 of the present embodiment can perform the fatigue test in a short time, and can apply a reverse torque load on the test piece in a short cycle (a few tens of cycles per second).

扭力測試機台501之控制計測部700具有：設定值指示單元710、驅動控制單元720及測定單元750。 The control measurement unit 700 of the torque test machine 501 includes a set value instruction unit 710, a drive control unit 720, and a measurement unit 750.

設定值指示單元710係用於指示如何在測試片S上施加扭力應力的單元。具體而言，設定值指示單元710係將安裝凸緣537(或減速機構536之輸出軸)與初期位置之角度作為訊號，而輸出至驅動控制單元720的單元。設定值指示單元710具有：輸入介面712與波形產生電路714。 The set value indicating unit 710 is a unit for indicating how to apply a torsional stress on the test piece S. Specifically, the set value instructing unit 710 outputs the angle of the mounting flange 537 (or the output shaft of the speed reducing mechanism 536) to the initial position as a signal, and outputs it to the unit of the drive control unit 720. The set value indicating unit 710 has an input interface 712 and a waveform generating circuit 714.

輸入介面712係用於連接設定值指示單元710與圖上未顯示之工作站的介面。扭力測試機台501之操作者操作工作站，指示如何使下部載台531變位。如係進行靜態扭力測試時，操作者操作工作站，輸入每單位時間之扭力角度，並送訊至輸入介面712。此外，進行在測試片S上施加反覆負載之疲勞測試時，操作者操作工作站，而輸入扭力角度之振幅、頻率及波形(使用正弦波或三角波之波形等)，並送訊至輸入介面712。輸入於輸入介面712之指示傳送至波形產生電路714。 The input interface 712 is used to connect the interface between the set value indicating unit 710 and a workstation not shown. The operator of the torque test machine 501 operates the workstation to indicate how to displace the lower stage 531. If a static torque test is performed, the operator operates the workstation, inputs the torque angle per unit time, and sends it to the input interface 712. Further, when performing a fatigue test in which a reverse load is applied to the test piece S, the operator operates the workstation, inputs the amplitude, frequency, and waveform of the torsion angle (using a sine wave or a triangular wave waveform, etc.), and sends it to the input interface 712. The indication input to input interface 712 is passed to waveform generation circuit 714.

波形產生電路714解釋從輸入介面712送訊之指示，逐次運算安裝凸緣537與初期位置之角度的變量，並將其送訊至驅動控制單元720。另外，進行疲勞測試時，不僅限於以單一之正弦波或三角波之一定波形、頻率扭轉測試片S，亦可依據從具有各種振幅及頻率之函數所合成的函數扭轉測試片S。如亦可依據乘以頻率不同之正弦波的函數，扭力角之振幅隨時間變化地使安裝凸緣537驅動。 The waveform generation circuit 714 interprets the indication of the transmission from the input interface 712, successively calculates the variable of the angle of the mounting flange 537 from the initial position, and sends it to the drive control unit 720. Further, when performing the fatigue test, the test piece S is not limited to being twisted by a constant waveform or frequency of a single sine wave or a triangular wave, and the test piece S may be twisted in accordance with a function synthesized from functions having various amplitudes and frequencies. The amplitude of the torsion angle can also be driven by the mounting flange 537 as a function of time, depending on the function of multiplying the sine waves of different frequencies.

安裝凸緣537之角度作為數位訊號而從波形產生電路714輸出。因而，從波形產生電路714送訊至驅動控制單元720之訊號，首先輸入D/A轉換器722轉換成類比訊號。轉換成類比訊號之安裝凸緣537的角度資訊其次傳送至放大器724。而後，放大器724將從D/A轉換器722傳送之安裝凸緣537的角度資訊放大後輸出。 The angle of the mounting flange 537 is output from the waveform generating circuit 714 as a digital signal. Therefore, the signal sent from the waveform generating circuit 714 to the drive control unit 720 is first converted into an analog signal by the input D/A converter 722. The angle information converted to the mounting flange 537 of the analog signal is transmitted to the amplifier 724. Then, the amplifier 724 amplifies the angle information of the mounting flange 537 transmitted from the D/A converter 722 and outputs it.

如前述，本實施例中，係藉由AC伺服馬達535驅動安裝凸緣537而進行各種測試。此處，AC伺服馬達535內藏用於檢測驅動軸535a(第十圖)之轉數的編碼器，編碼器檢測出之轉數送訊至驅動控制單元720之現在位置運算電路726。 As described above, in the present embodiment, various tests are performed by driving the mounting flange 537 by the AC servo motor 535. Here, the AC servo motor 535 has an encoder for detecting the number of revolutions of the drive shaft 535a (the tenth diagram), and the number of revolutions detected by the encoder is sent to the current position calculation circuit 726 of the drive control unit 720.

現在位置運算電路726依據AC伺服馬達535之編碼器的檢測結果，運 算安裝凸緣537之現在角度而輸出。而後，將放大器724之輸出與現在位置運算電路726之輸出的差分(亦即相當於安裝凸緣537之目標角度與現在角度之差的訊號)送訊至電流產生電路728。 The position calculation circuit 726 now operates according to the detection result of the encoder of the AC servo motor 535. The angle at which the mounting flange 537 is now angled is output. Then, the difference between the output of the amplifier 724 and the output of the current position calculating circuit 726 (i.e., the signal corresponding to the difference between the target angle of the mounting flange 537 and the current angle) is sent to the current generating circuit 728.

電流產生電路728依據收訊之訊號，產生輸出至AC伺服馬達535之三相電流，並將其輸出至AC伺服馬達535。結果，驅動AC伺服馬達535使安裝凸緣537之角度到達目標角度。 The current generating circuit 728 generates a three-phase current output to the AC servo motor 535 based on the received signal and outputs it to the AC servo motor 535. As a result, the AC servo motor 535 is driven to bring the angle of the mounting flange 537 to the target angle.

藉由驅動安裝凸緣537而施加於測試片S的扭矩大小，藉由負載傳感器562及用於將負載傳感器562之變形量作為電訊號而取出的橋接電路756而檢測。檢測出之扭矩的大小藉由A/D轉換器758轉換成數位訊號，並經由輸出介面759而送訊至工作站。工作站統計從輸出介面759送訊之扭矩的大小，產生如將時間軸作為橫軸，將施加於測試片之扭力應力作為縱軸的圖形而顯示。 The magnitude of the torque applied to the test piece S by driving the mounting flange 537 is detected by the load cell 562 and the bridge circuit 756 for taking out the amount of deformation of the load cell 562 as an electrical signal. The magnitude of the detected torque is converted to a digital signal by A/D converter 758 and sent to the workstation via output interface 759. The workstation counts the magnitude of the torque transmitted from the output interface 759, and displays a graph in which the time axis is the horizontal axis and the torsional stress applied to the test piece is plotted on the vertical axis.

此外，亦可進行將A/D轉換器758之輸出的扭矩大小傳送至波形產生電路714，因應扭矩而使測試片S之扭力的行動變化之所謂反饋控制。如安裝凸緣537之旋轉角度與扭矩並非正比關係，亦即測試片S產生升降時，可進行擴大扭力角度之振幅等的控制。 Further, a so-called feedback control in which the magnitude of the torque output from the A/D converter 758 is transmitted to the waveform generation circuit 714 and the torque of the test piece S is changed in response to the torque may be performed. If the rotation angle of the mounting flange 537 is not proportional to the torque, that is, when the test piece S is lifted and lowered, the amplitude of the torsion angle can be controlled.

藉由使用以上構成之扭力測試機台501，可進行測試片之靜態破壞測試及疲勞測試等。此處，本實施例中係使用反應性高，且高扭矩之AC伺服馬達535而扭轉測試片S。因而，扭力測試機台501可將最大達數百kN．m之扭矩施加於測試片S，此外，亦可以數十Hz之高頻而將反覆負載施加於測試片S。因此，採用本實施例之扭力測試機台501時，可在短時間內使測試片疲勞破壞，且可謀求縮短測試時間。 By using the above-described torque testing machine 501, static breaking test, fatigue testing, and the like of the test piece can be performed. Here, in the present embodiment, the test piece S is twisted by using the AC servo motor 535 having high reactivity and high torque. Thus, the torque test machine 501 can be up to hundreds of kN. The torque of m is applied to the test piece S, and in addition, a reverse load can be applied to the test piece S at a high frequency of several tens of Hz. Therefore, when the torque testing machine 501 of the present embodiment is used, the test piece can be fatigue-damaged in a short time, and the test time can be shortened.

此外，採用本實施例之構成時，如第十三圖所示，用於扭轉測試片S之動力來源的AC伺服馬達535，與用於將AC伺服馬達535之驅動軸535a的旋轉減速的減速機構536固定於同一板面的側框架532上。藉此，可將AC伺服馬達535之驅動軸535a與減速機構536之輸入軸536a的相對位置高精確度地定位而安裝。因而，可輕易且更正確地進行AC伺服馬達535之驅動軸535a與減速機構536之輸入軸536a的定心。此外，藉由在同一板面上全部配置相對位置需要高精確度之元件而構成，可高精確度地穩定維 持已定位之各元件的相對位置。 Further, when the configuration of the present embodiment is employed, as shown in Fig. 13, the AC servo motor 535 for reversing the power source of the test piece S is decelerated with the rotation for decelerating the rotation of the drive shaft 535a of the AC servo motor 535. The mechanism 536 is fixed to the side frame 532 of the same board. Thereby, the relative position of the drive shaft 535a of the AC servo motor 535 and the input shaft 536a of the speed reduction mechanism 536 can be accurately positioned and mounted. Therefore, the centering of the drive shaft 535a of the AC servo motor 535 and the input shaft 536a of the speed reduction mechanism 536 can be easily and more accurately performed. In addition, by arranging all the components on the same board surface with high precision components, high dimensional stability can be achieved. Hold the relative position of each component that has been positioned.

如此，採用本實施例之構成時，可使偏心為數十μm以內而高精確度地進行AC伺服馬達535之驅動軸535a及減速機構536之輸入軸536a的定心。因而，因定心誤差而作用於AC伺服馬達535之驅動軸535a及減速機構536之輸入軸536a間的彎曲應力較小。通常用於聯結伺服馬達與減速機構之輸入軸的聯結器，係使用藉由有低剛性之材料(橡膠等)介入，以緩和彎曲應力而構成的軟性聯結器。但是，本實施例中，如上述，因為可高精確度地進行兩軸之定心，所以可使用以剛性高之材料所形成的剛性聯結器533。因而，可以高反應性使作用於AC伺服馬達535之驅動軸535a的扭矩傳達至減速機構536之輸入軸536a。 As described above, in the configuration of the present embodiment, the centering of the drive shaft 535a of the AC servo motor 535 and the input shaft 536a of the speed reduction mechanism 536 can be performed with high eccentricity within several tens of μm. Therefore, the bending stress acting on the drive shaft 535a of the AC servo motor 535 and the input shaft 536a of the speed reduction mechanism 536 due to the centering error is small. A coupler that is generally used for coupling an input shaft of a servo motor and a speed reduction mechanism is a soft coupler constructed by interposing a material having low rigidity (rubber or the like) to relieve bending stress. However, in the present embodiment, as described above, since the centering of the two shafts can be performed with high precision, the rigid coupling 533 formed of a material having high rigidity can be used. Therefore, the torque acting on the drive shaft 535a of the AC servo motor 535 can be transmitted to the input shaft 536a of the speed reduction mechanism 536 with high reactivity.

另外，本實施例中，係藉由剛性聯結器533而聯結AC伺服馬達535之驅動軸535a與減速機構536之輸入軸536a，不過，本發明並非限定於上述構成者。亦即，亦可取代剛性聯結器，而使用本發明第二實施例之半剛性聯結器，聯結AC伺服馬達535之驅動軸535a與減速機構536之輸入軸536a而構成。 Further, in the present embodiment, the drive shaft 535a of the AC servo motor 535 and the input shaft 536a of the speed reduction mechanism 536 are coupled by the rigid coupling 533, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described constituents. That is, instead of the rigid coupling, the semi-rigid coupling of the second embodiment of the present invention may be used to couple the drive shaft 535a of the AC servo motor 535 with the input shaft 536a of the speed reduction mechanism 536.

如以上之說明，本發明第一及第二實施例中，係在單一之支撐板(工作台33)上固定伺服馬達、線性導軌及軸承，此等構件以支撐板作為基準而組合。因而，確保各構件之精確度容易。此外，因為可使伺服馬達、線性導軌及軸承間之距離較小，所以可將熱膨脹造成之誤差抑制在最小限度。此外，因為將從滾珠螺桿至伺服馬達之驅動軸的連接點數量抑制在最小限度，所以，一旦精密地進行進給螺桿與伺服馬達之驅動軸的定心後，維持使馬達之驅動軸的旋轉中心與進給螺桿之旋轉中心精確地(誤差數為數十μm以內)一致的狀態容易。因而，可將藉由進給螺桿與馬達之驅動軸的非直線性聯結(偏心及聯結角)而在旋轉部上發生之彎曲應力抑制為極小。藉此，可以扭力剛性高之剛性聯結器或半剛性聯結器聯結進給螺桿與馬達之驅動軸，可以高反應性使進給螺桿旋轉驅動。因而，採用本發明之實施例的構成時，可實現使用進給螺桿機構驅動十字頭，且以高周期將反覆負載(應變)正確地施加於測試片的通用測試機台。此外，此種線性驅動器即使對於如在十字頭上固定供測試體之狀態下，驅動線性驅動器，而 激振供測試體之激振測試機台亦有用。此外，聯結器之聯結部宜具有與進給螺桿及伺服馬達之驅動軸相等或其以上之扭力剛性。 As described above, in the first and second embodiments of the present invention, the servo motor, the linear guide, and the bearing are fixed to a single support plate (table 33), and these members are combined with the support plate as a reference. Thus, it is easy to ensure the accuracy of each member. In addition, since the distance between the servo motor, the linear guide, and the bearing can be made small, the error caused by thermal expansion can be minimized. Further, since the number of connection points from the ball screw to the drive shaft of the servo motor is minimized, once the centering of the drive shaft of the feed screw and the servo motor is precisely performed, the rotation of the drive shaft of the motor is maintained. It is easy that the center is exactly the same as the center of rotation of the feed screw (the number of errors is within several tens of μm). Therefore, the bending stress generated in the rotating portion by the non-linear coupling (eccentricity and coupling angle) of the feed screw and the drive shaft of the motor can be suppressed to be extremely small. Thereby, the rigid coupling or the semi-rigid coupling with high torque can be coupled to the drive shaft of the feed screw and the motor, and the feed screw can be rotationally driven with high reactivity. Thus, with the configuration of the embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to realize a general-purpose test machine that drives the crosshead using the feed screw mechanism and applies the reverse load (strain) correctly to the test piece at a high cycle. In addition, such a linear actuator drives a linear actuator even when the test body is fixed on the crosshead, for example. It is also useful to stimulate the vibration test machine for the test body. Further, the coupling portion of the coupler preferably has a torsional rigidity equal to or greater than a drive shaft of the feed screw and the servo motor.

此外，剛性聯結器具有與進給螺桿及伺服馬達之旋轉軸相等或其以上的剛性之筒狀本體，並分別從其一端***進給螺桿，且從另一端***伺服馬達之驅動軸而與筒狀本體固定。筒狀本體中，***進給螺桿及伺服馬達之驅動軸的內孔之一部分宜成為與進給螺桿及伺服馬達之驅動軸的圓周面概略無間隙地收容之狹窄部。此外，宜藉由在剛性聯結器之筒內周面與進給螺桿及前述馬達之驅動軸的圓周面之間嵌入固定用環，而固定進給螺桿及馬達之驅動軸與剛性聯結器。如固定用環具有：外周為錐形面之內輪；內周為對應於內輪之外周的錐形面之外輪；及在內輪之外周抵接外輪之內周的狀態下，將內輪及外輪之任何一方向另一方擠壓於其軸方向的擠壓裝置。如此構成時，可更強固地聯結馬達之驅動軸與進給螺桿，可以更高之反應性使馬達之驅動軸的扭矩傳達至進給螺桿。 In addition, the rigid coupling has a rigid cylindrical body equal to or above the rotation axis of the feed screw and the servo motor, and is inserted into the feed screw from one end thereof, and the drive shaft of the servo motor is inserted into the cylinder from the other end. The body is fixed. In the cylindrical body, it is preferable that one of the inner holes of the drive shaft into which the feed screw and the servo motor are inserted is a narrow portion that is accommodated substantially without a gap with the circumferential surface of the drive shaft of the feed screw and the servo motor. Further, it is preferable to fix the feed shaft of the feed screw and the motor and the rigid coupling by inserting a fixing ring between the inner circumferential surface of the cylindrical body of the rigid coupling and the circumferential surface of the feed screw and the drive shaft of the motor. For example, the fixing ring has an inner wheel whose outer circumference is a tapered surface; the inner circumference is a tapered outer surface corresponding to the outer circumference of the inner wheel; and the outer circumference of the inner wheel abuts the inner circumference of the outer wheel, the inner wheel And any one of the outer wheels and the other side is pressed against the axial direction of the pressing device. According to this configuration, the drive shaft of the motor and the feed screw can be more strongly coupled, and the torque of the drive shaft of the motor can be transmitted to the feed screw with higher reactivity.

本發明第一及第二實施例之通用測試機台及線性驅動器，亦可取代剛性聯結器而使用半剛性聯結器。 The universal testing machine and the linear actuator of the first and second embodiments of the present invention can also use a semi-rigid coupling instead of the rigid coupling.

藉由以在彎曲方向具有撓曲性，且阻礙傳達在馬達之驅動軸的延長方向之振動的半剛性聯結器聯結馬達之驅動軸與進給螺桿，可以高反應性驅動進給螺桿，且即使有若干軸偏差，仍不致發生極端大之內部翹曲，而可平滑地驅動，並且可遮斷馬達驅動軸方向之振動。 By feeding the drive shaft and the feed screw of the motor with a semi-rigid coupling that has flexibility in the bending direction and hinders vibration in the direction of extension of the drive shaft of the motor, the feed screw can be driven with high reactivity, even if There are a number of axis deviations that still do not cause extreme internal warping, but can be driven smoothly and can block vibrations in the direction of the motor drive shaft.

半剛性聯結器宜具備由樹脂或橡膠形成之黏彈性元件。此外，半剛性聯結器係構成伺服馬達之驅動軸的振動衰減率以驅動軸之固有振動數為最大。藉由此種構成，半剛性聯結器內之黏彈性元件可有效地衰減從馬達經由驅動軸而傳送之軸方向或軸之半徑方向的振動，使此種振動幾乎不致傳達於輸出側。 The semi-rigid coupling should preferably have a viscoelastic element formed of resin or rubber. Further, the semi-rigid coupling constitutes a vibration damping rate of the drive shaft of the servo motor to maximize the natural vibration number of the drive shaft. With such a configuration, the viscoelastic member in the semi-rigid coupling can effectively attenuate the vibration in the radial direction of the shaft or the shaft transmitted from the motor via the drive shaft, so that the vibration is hardly transmitted to the output side.

此外，半剛性聯結器宜具備：屬於剛體元件之一對外輪；及配置於該一對外輪之間，而包含彈性元件或黏彈性元件的內輪。分別在外輪之中心形成有錐形孔，並在內輪之中心形成有用於通過聯結之軸的圓柱狀之貫穿孔。此外，在內輪之外周的軸方向兩端形成有可分別與一對外輪之錐形孔的內周卡合的錐形面。在內輪之貫穿孔中***進給螺桿及伺服馬達之驅動 軸，使內輪之錐形面抵接一對外輪之錐形孔的內周，藉由以螺栓彼此固定該一對外輪，並經由內輪而聯結其軸。藉由如此構成，可以極簡單之構成實現以高反應性傳達軸輸出，且吸收軸方向之振動的半剛性聯結器。藉此，實現振動雜訊少且反應性高之線性驅動器。 In addition, the semi-rigid coupling preferably includes: an outer wheel belonging to one of the rigid body members; and an inner wheel disposed between the outer wheel and including the elastic member or the viscoelastic member. A tapered hole is formed in the center of the outer wheel, and a cylindrical through hole for passing the coupled shaft is formed at the center of the inner wheel. Further, tapered ends which are respectively engageable with the inner circumference of the tapered hole of the outer wheel are formed at both ends in the axial direction of the outer circumference of the inner ring. Insert the feed screw and servo motor drive into the through hole of the inner wheel The shaft is such that the tapered surface of the inner wheel abuts against the inner circumference of the tapered hole of the outer wheel, and the outer wheel is fixed to each other by bolts, and the shaft is coupled via the inner wheel. According to this configuration, it is possible to realize a semi-rigid coupling that realizes high-reactivity transmission of the shaft output and absorbs vibration in the axial direction. Thereby, a linear actuator with less vibration noise and high reactivity is realized.

此外，亦可構成在支撐板上設有插通進給螺桿之開口部，在開口部中固定可旋轉地支撐進給螺桿的軸承之外輪。如此構成時，因為軸承、線性導軌及伺服馬達形成一體，所以可維持更精確地使馬達之驅動軸的旋轉中心與進給螺桿之旋轉中心一致的狀態。 Further, an opening portion through which the feed screw is inserted may be formed on the support plate, and a bearing outer wheel that rotatably supports the feed screw may be fixed in the opening portion. According to this configuration, since the bearing, the linear guide, and the servo motor are integrated, it is possible to maintain a state in which the center of rotation of the drive shaft of the motor and the center of rotation of the feed screw are more accurately aligned.

此時，軸承係正面組合形之組合角滾珠軸承而構成時，於測試時，可以軸承支撐施加於進給螺桿之推力方向的大負載，且可旋轉地支撐進給螺桿。 At this time, when the bearing is formed by combining the combined angular ball bearings, the bearing can support a large load applied to the thrust direction of the feed screw and rotatably support the feed screw.

此外，亦可為進給螺桿係滾珠螺桿，且螺母係滾珠螺桿用之螺母而構成，亦即十字頭以滾珠螺桿機構而驅動之構成。如此構成時，可以小齒隙使十字頭高速來回運動，而使負載之反覆速度更加高速。 Further, it may be configured by feeding a screw-type ball screw and a nut-based nut for a ball screw, that is, a crosshead driven by a ball screw mechanism. In such a configuration, the crosshead can be moved back and forth at a high speed with a small backlash, and the speed of the load can be made higher.

此外，宜構成具有線性導軌之固定部與可移動部的一方具有軌道，且另一方與軌道卡合，而可沿著軌道移動之移動塊，移動塊具有：包圍軌道之凹部；沿著移動塊之移動方向而形成於該凹部的溝；與形成於移動塊內部之溝形成閉路地與溝之前述移動方向兩端連繫的退出路徑；及在閉路中循環，並且位於溝內時與前述軌道抵接之複數滾珠。再者，須構成移動塊中形成有四個上述閉路，該四個閉路中，兩個閉路之配置於各個溝的滾珠具有對線性導軌之逕向方向概略為±45度之接觸角，其他兩個閉路之配置於各個溝的滾珠具有對線性導軌之反逕向方向概略為±45度之接觸角。 In addition, it is preferable to form a moving block having a track having a fixed portion and a movable portion of the linear guide and having the other side engaged with the track and movable along the track, the moving block having: a concave portion surrounding the track; a groove formed in the concave portion in a moving direction; an exit path formed in a closed path with the groove formed inside the moving block and connected to both ends of the groove in the moving direction; and a cycle in the closed circuit and located in the groove and the track Abut the plural balls. Further, four closed circuits are formed in the moving block, and among the four closed circuits, the balls disposed in the respective grooves of the two closed paths have a contact angle of ±45 degrees in the radial direction of the linear guide, and the other two The balls disposed in each of the closed channels have a contact angle of ±45 degrees to the reverse radial direction of the linear guide.

使用如此構成之線性導軌時，即使在測試片上施加大負載時，進給螺桿機構之螺母不致搖晃，可平滑地沿著線性導軌移動。 When the linear guide thus constructed is used, even if a large load is applied to the test piece, the nut of the feed screw mechanism is not shaken and can smoothly move along the linear guide.

此外，本發明第三實施例之扭力測試機台，在固定於框架之第一支撐構件(驅動端側之側框架532)上固定有伺服馬達與減速機構。 Further, in the torque testing machine of the third embodiment of the present invention, a servo motor and a speed reduction mechanism are fixed to the first supporting member (the side frame 532 on the driving end side) fixed to the frame.

如此，本發明之構成中，單一構件之第一支撐構件上固定伺服馬達與減速機構兩者，此等構件係以第一支撐構件作為基準而組合。因而，確保各構件之精確度容易。此外，因為可使伺服馬達與減速機構間之距離較小， 所以可將熱膨脹造成之誤差抑制在最小限度。此外，因為將從伺服馬達之驅動軸至減速機構之輸入軸的連接點數量抑制在最小限度，所以一旦精密地進行伺服馬達之驅動軸與減速機構之輸入軸的定心後，維持使馬達之驅動軸的旋轉中心與進給螺桿之旋轉中心精確地(誤差為數十μm以內)一致的狀態容易。因而，可使藉由減速機構之輸入軸與馬達之驅動軸的非直線性聯結(偏心及聯結角)而在旋轉部上發生之彎曲應力極小。因而，可以具有高扭力剛性之剛性聯結器或半剛性聯結器聯結減速機構之輸入軸與馬達之驅動軸，可以高反應性使減速機構之輸入軸旋轉驅動。因而，採用本發明之構成時，可實現使用減速機構扭轉測試片，且以高周期將扭力負載反覆施加於測試片的扭力測試機台。聯結減速機構之輸入軸與前述伺服馬達之驅動軸的聯結器之聯結部，宜具有與減速機構之輸入軸及伺服馬達之驅動軸相等或其以上的扭力剛性。 As described above, in the configuration of the present invention, both the servo motor and the speed reduction mechanism are fixed to the first support member of the single member, and the members are combined with the first support member as a reference. Thus, it is easy to ensure the accuracy of each member. In addition, because the distance between the servo motor and the speed reduction mechanism can be made small, Therefore, the error caused by thermal expansion can be minimized. In addition, since the number of connection points from the drive shaft of the servo motor to the input shaft of the speed reduction mechanism is minimized, once the center of the drive shaft of the servo motor and the input shaft of the speed reduction mechanism are precisely centered, the motor is maintained. The state in which the center of rotation of the drive shaft coincides with the center of rotation of the feed screw accurately (within an error of several tens of μm) is easy. Therefore, the bending stress generated in the rotating portion by the non-linear coupling (eccentricity and coupling angle) of the input shaft of the speed reduction mechanism and the drive shaft of the motor can be made extremely small. Therefore, the rigid coupling or the semi-rigid coupling of the high-torque coupling can be coupled to the input shaft of the speed reduction mechanism and the drive shaft of the motor, and the input shaft of the speed reduction mechanism can be rotationally driven with high reactivity. Therefore, when the configuration of the present invention is employed, it is possible to realize the use of the speed reduction mechanism to twist the test piece, and to apply the torsion load to the torque test machine of the test piece at a high cycle. Preferably, the coupling portion of the input shaft of the coupling speed reduction mechanism and the coupling shaft of the drive shaft of the servo motor has a torque rigidity equal to or higher than an input shaft of the speed reduction mechanism and a drive shaft of the servo motor.

此外，宜進一步具有固定於框架上之第二支撐構件(固定端側之側框架522)，第二把持部具有軸部，藉由將軸部懸臂梁狀地固定支撐於前述第二支撐構件，第二把持部固定於前述框架上。該構成中，如在軸部與第二支撐構件之間固定用於計測作用於測試片之扭矩的負載傳感器。更宜具有固定於框架且可旋轉地支撐第二把持部之軸部的固定端側軸承裝置。 Further, it is preferable to further have a second support member (a side frame 522 on the fixed end side) fixed to the frame, and the second grip portion has a shaft portion, and the shaft portion is fixedly supported by the second support member in a cantilever manner. The second grip is fixed to the aforementioned frame. In this configuration, a load sensor for measuring the torque acting on the test piece is fixed between the shaft portion and the second support member. More preferably, there is a fixed end side bearing device fixed to the frame and rotatably supporting the shaft portion of the second grip portion.

此外，減速機構宜係波動齒輪減速機構。與蝸輪機構及行星齒輪機構之其他減速機構不同，因為波動齒輪減速機構反覆扭轉測試片時之齒隙小，所以可以說適於高周期之疲勞測試。波動齒輪減速機構宜埋入第一支撐構件而固定，藉此以高剛性而與第一支撐構件一體化。 In addition, the speed reduction mechanism should be a wave gear reduction mechanism. Unlike the worm gear mechanism and other speed reduction mechanisms of the planetary gear mechanism, since the wave gear reduction mechanism has a small backlash when the test piece is reversed, it can be said that it is suitable for a high cycle fatigue test. The wave gear reduction mechanism is preferably fixed by being embedded in the first support member, thereby being integrated with the first support member with high rigidity.

1‧‧‧通用測試機台 1‧‧‧Universal test machine

10‧‧‧機台框架部 10‧‧‧Machine Frame Department

11‧‧‧腳部 11‧‧‧ feet

12‧‧‧導桿 12‧‧‧guides

13‧‧‧頂部 13‧‧‧ top

13a‧‧‧貫穿孔 13a‧‧‧through holes

20‧‧‧固定部 20‧‧‧ Fixed Department

21‧‧‧上部載台 21‧‧‧Upper stage

21a‧‧‧貫穿孔 21a‧‧‧through holes

21b‧‧‧螺栓孔 21b‧‧‧Bolt hole

21c‧‧‧螺栓 21c‧‧‧ bolt

22‧‧‧進給螺桿 22‧‧‧feed screw

23a‧‧‧螺母 23a‧‧‧Nuts

23b‧‧‧從動皮帶輪 23b‧‧‧ driven pulley

24a‧‧‧逕向滾珠軸承 24a‧‧‧radial ball bearings

24b‧‧‧軸承支撐部 24b‧‧‧bearing support

25‧‧‧馬達 25‧‧‧Motor

25a‧‧‧驅動軸 25a‧‧‧Drive shaft

Claims (13)

一種線性驅動器，其具備：設有貫通孔的支撐板；伺服馬達，固定於前述支撐板之一面；進給螺桿，與前述伺服馬達之驅動軸連結；螺母，與前述進給螺桿卡合；線性導軌，將前述螺母在前述進給螺桿之軸方向能滑動自如地支撐，固定於前述支撐板之另一面；軸承，將前述進給螺桿能旋轉自如地支撐；以及軸承安裝構件，將前述軸承能拆下地支撐；其中將前述軸承安裝構件在***前述支撐板貫通孔之狀態固裝於前述支撐板，而使前述軸承安裝於前述支撐板。 A linear actuator comprising: a support plate provided with a through hole; a servo motor fixed to one surface of the support plate; a feed screw coupled to a drive shaft of the servo motor; a nut engaged with the feed screw; linear a guide rail that slidably supports the nut in an axial direction of the feed screw and is fixed to the other surface of the support plate; a bearing that rotatably supports the feed screw; and a bearing mounting member that enables the bearing The ground support is removed; wherein the bearing mounting member is fixed to the support plate in a state of being inserted into the through hole of the support plate, and the bearing is attached to the support plate. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之線性驅動器，其中前述軸承安裝構件包含：第一軸承安裝構件，固裝於前述支撐板；以及第二軸承安裝構件，在與前述第一軸承安裝構件之間將前述軸承之外圈從軸方向兩側夾住，以螺絲固定於前述第一軸承安裝構件。 The linear actuator of claim 1, wherein the bearing mounting member comprises: a first bearing mounting member fixed to the support plate; and a second bearing mounting member between the first bearing mounting member and the first bearing mounting member The outer ring of the bearing is clamped from both sides in the axial direction, and is screwed to the first bearing mounting member. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項所述之線性驅動器，其中前述第一軸承安裝構件具有：圓筒部，***前述支撐板之貫通孔；以及凸緣部，從前述圓筒部之軸方向一端往半徑方向外側擴大形成，該凸緣部之一邊的面與前述支撐板之一邊的面抵接；前述第一軸承安裝構件在前述凸緣部固裝於前述支撐板。 The linear actuator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first bearing mounting member has a cylindrical portion through which a through hole of the support plate is inserted, and a flange portion from one end of the axial direction of the cylindrical portion The surface of one side of the flange portion is in contact with the surface of one side of the support plate, and the first bearing attachment member is fixed to the support plate at the flange portion. 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項所述之線性驅動器，其中前述第一軸承安裝構件藉由焊接固裝於前述支撐板。 The linear actuator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first bearing mounting member is fixed to the support plate by welding. 如申請專利範圍第1至4項中任一項所述之線性驅動器，其中前述螺母被夾著前述進給螺桿相向配置之一對線性導軌所支撐。 The linear actuator of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the nut is supported by the linear guide by one of the opposing configurations of the feed screw. 如申請專利範圍第1至5項中任一項所述之線性驅動器，該線性驅動器更具備導引框；前述線性導軌透過前述導引框固定於前述支撐板。 The linear actuator according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a guide frame; the linear guide is fixed to the support plate through the guide frame. 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之線性驅動器，其中前述導引框具有夾著前 述進給螺桿相向配置之一對壁部。 The linear actuator of claim 6, wherein the aforementioned guide frame has a front clamp One of the wall portions is disposed in the opposite direction of the feed screw. 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之線性驅動器，其中前述線性導軌具備：一對軌道，分別固定於前述一對壁部；以及移動塊，固定於前述螺母，與前述一對軌道中的各個導軌卡合。 The linear actuator of claim 7, wherein the linear guide comprises: a pair of rails respectively fixed to the pair of wall portions; and a moving block fixed to the nut and each of the pair of rails Engage. 如申請專利範圍第8項所述之線性驅動器，該線性驅動器更具備馬達支撐框架；前述伺服馬達透過前述馬達支撐框架支撐於前述支撐板；前述馬達支撐框架具有一對第二壁部，該一對第二壁部夾著前述伺服馬達之驅動軸相向配置，各自之一端固定於前述支撐板。 The linear actuator of claim 8, further comprising a motor support frame; the servo motor is supported by the support plate through the motor support frame; the motor support frame has a pair of second wall portions, the one The second wall portion is disposed to face the drive shaft of the servo motor, and one end thereof is fixed to the support plate. 如申請專利範圍第9項所述之線性驅動器，其中前述馬達支撐框架具有連結板，該連結板連結前述一對第二壁部之另一端；前述伺服馬達安裝於前述連結板。 The linear actuator according to claim 9, wherein the motor support frame has a connecting plate that connects the other ends of the pair of second wall portions, and the servo motor is attached to the connecting plate. 如申請專利範圍第1至10項中任一項所述之線性驅動器，其中前述進給螺桿係滾珠螺桿。 The linear actuator of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the aforementioned feed screw is a ball screw. 一種機械測試機，其具備申請專利範圍第1至11項中任一項所述之線性驅動器。 A mechanical testing machine comprising the linear actuator of any one of claims 1 to 11. 如申請專利範圍第12項所述之機械測試機，該機械測試機係振動測試機。 The mechanical testing machine according to claim 12, wherein the mechanical testing machine is a vibration testing machine.