TW201236331A - Method and device utilizing new-type zig-zag transformer in a multi-stage voltage source converter system with selective harmonics elimination strategy - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a method and a device utilizing a new-type zig-zag transformer in a multi-stage voltage source converter, for controlling a converter system and analyzing waveform by selective harmonics elimination PWM (SHE PWM). The present invention is characterized by eliminating odd harmonics other than 24n &plusmn 1 by the new-type zig-zag transformer structure. Compared with a general PWM converter without the new-type zig-zag transformer, the present invention can reduce the trigger times of periodic switches, and improve efficiency. In addition, for high power application, by using the multi-stage converter structure, the output capacity can be distributed in multiple sets of power switch components for decreasing voltage and current switching stress on each switch component, and increasing service life of the switch. By synthesizing harmonics at the secondary side of the transformer into an approximate sine wave of an output waveform, the harmonics contained in the output waveform can be reduced. In the triggering signal, the main design is to control the fundamental wave and eliminate the 23rd, 25th, 47th and 49th harmonics, and shifts the phase of the fundamental wave generated by the triggering signal. The purpose is to configure uncontrolled harmonics, and further obtain better THD% angle solution, in order to obtain better power quality.

Description

201236331 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明所涉及之賴包含電力電子、交流/錢錢技術、電 m動㈣等鱗，本發明提出—個新型曲折繞接線變壓 器架構朝在㈣層賴賴流料並使祕定諧波消除之脈波 寬度调變’藉由各模組變壓!!二次側電壓波形相加合成近似正弦 波輸出波形。在高神_場合巾，制錯層變流H架構，由 ;將輸出分散於纽裤開關元件上，目此可降低每個開關 凡件上之電壓、電流切換應力，及降低關元件切換損失，提升 系統效率’並提供良好的輸出人電源隔離效果。 【先前技術】 在工業領域中，傳統的二階層變流器架構中，常運用提高開 關切換頻率的方式來降低輸出賴與電流_波量，但在高功率 應用時’ ϋ功率半導體元倾承受高賴與高電流祕應力，且 員車又長的切換時間，為了使開關切換損失，及高電壓與高電流開 關切換應力降低，通常會降低開關切換頻率，相較一般使用場合 低導致系統輸出電壓或電流含有較高的諧波量，易影響電力品 質。另外纽於功率半導體元件製程技術的細，神半導體元 ^白具有耐壓、耐流與切換速度上的關，若要追求高耐壓、耐 叹與切換迷度的功率半導體元件其價格往往不便宜。 因此’當在高神制時’目前已有考慮使用多階層變流器 201236331 架構’將輪出容量分散於多組功率開關元件上，降低每個開關元 件上之電壓、電流應力，以及藉由變流器輸出合成多階波形，以 降低輸出波形之總諧波含量。 多階層變流器大多數元件都是藉由半導體元件之切換裝置及 電各式電壓源所組成，藉由適當的控制切換裝置來產生低諧波失 真的步級輪出波形’由於這些多階變頻器能克服傳統的脈波寬度 調變的缺點’因此被製造廠廣泛的和認可為-個新的電力轉 換方法，—般的商用多階層變流器架構大致可被分為:多階層電壓 原术構和層電流源架構兩大類，本發明彳賴電壓源架構。 利用曲折繞麟變麵也是達成多階層變締的—種技術， 傳統曲折繞接賴壓H，能齡12n±1次㈣、2、3.·.)以外的奇 -人柏波，但考慮更高功率需求之朗場合及更低的諧波失真，本 發明提出新型曲折繞接線變壓器如圖…示，本架構能消除2如±1 次以外的奇次諧波，也就是變壓器二次側輸出僅含二十三、二十 五、四十七、四十九等24n±1㈣、2、3，·.)…次譜波。 再者特定諧波消除發展已有相當的賴，其主要的優點在於 利用較少關_換次數提高纽率，控觸需的·值，適合 利用在可變速之馬達，或是需_有蚊諧波之系統。本發明特 定譜波消除之脈波寬度調魏略，以錄二十三、二十五、四十 四十九入白;皮並月bS周變控制三相多階層電壓源變流器之輸 出基本波且配合新型曲折繞接線變壓器，使輸出側至励次内的 201236331 使系統能得 、縮小濾波 諸波僅剩七十—、七_ 七十二、九十五、九十七次譜波， 到更好的輪出、提升電壓品質、降低變流ϋ耐壓耐流 器體積且㈣具麵H隔離效果。 【發明内容】 本發明之目的即在提供更麟波失真、更低的關切換損提 高效^及降低_元件龍電流應力，適驗較高轉場合之 •-相父/;IL電源。因此，在高功率應用場合中’使用本新型曲折繞 接線變壓n之細層輯源變流綠構，除了將輸出容量分散於 多組功率開關元件上，降低每個開關元件上之電壓、電流切換應 力，以及藉由各模組變壓器二次側波形相加合成以獲得一近似正 3波輸it!波形’並使S特定諸波消除之脈波寬度調變(Seiective201236331 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to a power electronic, an AC/money money technology, an electric power (four) scale, etc. The present invention proposes a new zigzag winding transformer structure toward (4) The layer width is adjusted and the pulse width of the harmonic elimination is changed. 'By changing the voltage of each module!! The secondary side voltage waveform is added to synthesize an approximate sine wave output waveform. In the high god _ occasion towel, the wrong layer of the variable flow H structure, by; the output is distributed on the switch components of the pants, in order to reduce the voltage and current switching stress on each switch, and reduce the switching loss of the off component Improve system efficiency' and provide good output power isolation. [Prior Art] In the industrial field, in the traditional two-level converter architecture, the switching frequency is often used to reduce the output and current _ wave amount, but in high power applications, the ϋ power semiconductor element is subjected to High-relief and high-current secret stress, and the long switching time of the passenger car, in order to make switching loss, and high-voltage and high-current switching switching stress, usually reduce the switching frequency of the switch, resulting in system output lower than the general use case Voltage or current contains a high amount of harmonics, which easily affects power quality. In addition, the processing technology of power semiconductor components is fine, and the semiconductor semiconductors have the characteristics of withstand voltage, current resistance and switching speed. If you want to pursue high voltage, sigh and switching power, the price of power semiconductor components is often not Cheap. Therefore, 'when in high gods', it has been considered to use multi-level converter 201236331 architecture to spread the wheel capacity on multiple sets of power switching elements, reducing the voltage and current stress on each switching element, and by The converter outputs a composite multi-order waveform to reduce the total harmonic content of the output waveform. Most of the components of the multi-level converter are composed of switching devices of semiconductor components and various voltage sources, and the steps of the low-harmonic distortion are generated by appropriate control switching devices. The frequency converter can overcome the shortcomings of the traditional pulse width modulation. Therefore, it is widely recognized and recognized by the manufacturer as a new power conversion method. The general commercial multi-level converter architecture can be roughly divided into: multi-layer voltage The original structure and the layer current source architecture are two major categories, and the present invention relies on the voltage source architecture. The use of twists and turns around the face is also a multi-level transformation of the technology - the traditional twists and turns around the pressure H, the age of 12n ± 1 (4), 2, 3...) other than the odd-human Bobo, but consider In the case of higher power demand and lower harmonic distortion, the present invention proposes a new zigzag winding transformer as shown in the figure. This architecture can eliminate odd harmonics such as ±1 times, that is, the secondary side of the transformer. The output only contains twenty-three, twenty-five, forty-seven, forty-nine, etc. 24n±1 (four), 2, 3, ·.)... sub-spectral waves. Furthermore, the development of specific harmonic elimination has been quite dependent. The main advantage is that it uses less switching times to increase the rate, control the required value, and is suitable for use in a variable speed motor, or Harmonic system. The pulse width of the specific spectral wave elimination of the invention is adjusted to be black, to record the twenty-three, twenty-five, forty-fourth and ninety-nine white; the skin and the monthly bS change control the output of the three-phase multi-level voltage source converter The basic wave is matched with the new zigzag winding transformer, so that the output side to the 201236331 in the excitation stage enables the system to obtain and reduce the filtering. Only seventy-seven, seven, seventy-two, ninety-five, ninety-seventh spectral waves remain. , to better turn-out, improve voltage quality, reduce the volume of the variable-flow ϋ pressure-resistant flow reducer and (4) with surface H isolation effect. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to provide more lining distortion, lower switching loss, high efficiency, and lower _ element dragon current stress, and to be suitable for high-turn occasions. Therefore, in the high-power application, 'using the new zigzag winding connection to transform the fine layer of the source and the variable current green structure, in addition to dispersing the output capacity on the plurality of sets of power switching elements, reducing the voltage on each switching element, The current switching stress, and the summation of the secondary side waveforms of each module transformer to obtain an approximate positive 3 wave input it! waveform 'and the pulse width modulation of the S specific wave elimination (Seiective)

Harmonic Elimination Pulse -Width Modulation, SHE-PWM)來控制 三相多階層電壓源變頻器系統之電壓基本波，消除特定譜波以降 鲁低輸出波形之错波含量，產生低失真之三相弦波輸出電壓。 脈波寬度調變之規劃使用牛頓-瑞福森法(NeMon-Raphsm method)求開關切換之特定角度，作為二階層電壓源變頻器切換開 關的觸發訊號，以滿足谐波規劃之要求。而求得特定角度可用以 控制電壓基本波的大小並消除第二十三、二十五、四十七、四十 九次諳波，此外，再藉由基本波的位移尋求更低THD%的開關觸 發角度。 本發明之控制驅動裝置主要是由數位方式實現，只有三相整Harmonic Elimination Pulse - Width Modulation, SHE-PWM) to control the voltage fundamental wave of the three-phase multi-level voltage source inverter system, eliminate the specific spectral wave to reduce the error wave content of the low output waveform, and produce a low distortion three-phase sine wave output. Voltage. The pulse width modulation scheme uses the NeMon-Raphsm method to find the specific angle of switching, and acts as a trigger signal for the two-level voltage source inverter switching switch to meet the requirements of harmonic planning. The specific angle can be used to control the magnitude of the fundamental wave of the voltage and eliminate the twenty-third, twenty-fifth, forty-seventh, and forty-ninth chopping waves. In addition, the lower THD% is sought by the displacement of the fundamental wave. Switch trigger angle. The control driving device of the invention is mainly realized by digital mode, only three-phase whole

S 201236331 流濾波電路、電壓感測電路、電力開關驅動電路是以類比元件如 電阻、電容、運算放大器、光耦合隔離驅動器等所組成。電壓感 測電路主要是將實際電壓轉換成數位微處理器内的類比/數位模 組可接受的信號範圍。而數位方式的實現可使用數位信號處理器 (DSP)，用以處理回授訊號、偵測、運算以及提供開關的觸發訊號 命令，並經電力開關驅動電路驅動變流器之電力開關，完成本發 明之控制驅動裝置。 • 本發明所使用之數位控制器在此為TMS320F2812數位信號 處理器，亦可使用其他具本發明所需功能之數位控制器，而變流 器所使用的電力開關是由高功率半導體元件，如閘極絕緣雙極性 電晶體(IGBT)、雙極性接面電晶體(BJT)等可控開關所組成。 【實施方式】 本發明之系統電路架構如圖2，前級電源由一組 • 直流電源102提供，並聯四組二階層電壓源變流器1〇3,運用特定 諧波消除之脈波寬度調變策略，將特定的角度解作為四組變流器 開關切換之觸發訊號，四組變流器輸出端再連制新型曲折繞接 線變壓H 1〇4 ’經由變壓器二次側輸出，產生低請波失真輸出波 形，最後透過滤波器1〇5，僅需濾除4KHZ以上之諧波，便可獲得 三相正弦波電壓。 7 201236331 首先本發明提出之新型曲 圖卜變壓器一次側A 、""接線變壓器架構如 側為delta連接， 以-娜連接方式，此外變壓$ 人側為 p , u ^ 〇n ^ 又叶Μ為0度、％為_15 度％為-30度、（/4為__4 X 且變壓器每相各差120 又。一次侧與二次側匝數比定義如下： 一次侧匝比定義為： 乂 =Wi=vi，=^2=v2=w2S 201236331 The flow filter circuit, voltage sensing circuit, and power switch drive circuit are composed of analog components such as resistors, capacitors, operational amplifiers, and optically coupled isolation drivers. The voltage sensing circuit primarily converts the actual voltage into an acceptable signal range for the analog/digital module in the digital microprocessor. The digital mode implementation can use a digital signal processor (DSP) to process the feedback signal, detect, calculate, and provide the trigger signal command of the switch, and drive the power switch of the converter through the power switch driving circuit to complete the present. The inventive control drive device. • The digital controller used in the present invention is here a TMS320F2812 digital signal processor, and other digital controllers having the functions required by the present invention can be used, and the power switch used by the converter is composed of high power semiconductor components, such as Gate-insulated bipolar transistor (IGBT), bipolar junction transistor (BJT) and other controllable switches. [Embodiment] The circuit structure of the system of the present invention is shown in Fig. 2. The front stage power supply is provided by a group of DC power supplies 102, and four sets of two-layer voltage source converters are connected in parallel, and the pulse width modulation is eliminated by using specific harmonics. Variable strategy, the specific angle solution is used as the trigger signal for the switching of the four sets of converters, and the output of the four sets of converters is connected to the new zigzag winding transformer H 1〇4 'through the secondary side output of the transformer, resulting in low Please wave distortion output waveform, and finally pass the filter 1〇5, only need to filter out harmonics above 4KHZ, you can get three-phase sine wave voltage. 7 201236331 Firstly, the new type of graphu transformer transformer proposed on the primary side A, "" wiring transformer structure, such as the side of the delta connection, to -Na connection, in addition to the transformation of the human side is p, u ^ 〇n ^ Leafhopper is 0 degrees, % is _15 degrees% is -30 degrees, (/4 is __4 X and the transformer has 120 differences per phase. The ratio of primary to secondary turns is defined as follows: Primary side ratio definition For: 乂=Wi=vi,=^2=v2=w2

= W3=V3=W3=M4=V4=Vt；4 =w11: = ^3.= ：V31 = ：W31 = w12 = w32: = V32： = W32 = W21 =w41 = U42 = V42 = W42 二次側匝比定義為： Λ^ι =uu = vn =： N4=U4l =V41 其心％、ί3、'的阻比為= W3=V3=W3=M4=V4=Vt;4 =w11: = ^3.= :V31 = :W31 = w12 = w32: = V32: = W32 = W21 =w41 = U42 = V42 = W42 Secondary side The 匝 ratio is defined as: Λ^ι =uu = vn =: N4=U4l =V41 The resistance ratio of the heart %, ί3, '

(1) np'n''n;.n‘.n，\Ha..‘ V3 3 + V3 V3 因此，變流器各輸出線對線電壓（即變壓器一次側繞組 間線對線電壓）與變壓器各二次側繞組間輸出線對線電 壓關係為 vuv(1) np'n''n;.n'.n,\Ha..' V3 3 + V3 V3 Therefore, the output line-to-line voltage of the converter (ie the line-to-line voltage between the primary windings of the transformer) The output line-to-line voltage relationship between the secondary windings of the transformer is vuv

V V3( V6+V2 ΑΒ 2 ^+V2^2+^3+V3^4)/^ (2) (3) 201236331 其系統輸出相電壓方程式為 ~ ί^42 - Vw4] + Vun - ^ Vw2l + Vvn - Vw, 因此系統輸出線電壓方程式為 V Vu-Vy Ku _ . K-vw Vw-Vv (4) ▼ _(3)、（4)式可驗證該變壓器輪出可以消除24w±1以外的奇次譜 波變壓器輸出最低四個奇讀波為第二十三、二十五、四十七、 时九次。ID該變壓相變流財作輸人端，與同功 =利用一組二階三相變流器相比，本發明可降低開關之耐壓、耐 机’且具輸it}人隔離效果，故本系、統適合驗高壓、高功率系統 中。 # 基於上述，本發明再利用SHE方法來規劃控制電壓基本波以 及/肖除第—十二、二十五、四十七及第四十九次諧波利用該方 法大部份需預先設定觸發訊號的波形，由於所設定的波皆為_ 或cos成分所組成’故需利用疊代法求解其非線性方程組以獲得 切換角度，疊代法有幾種方法可參考，本文在此利用牛頓-瑞福森 法(Newton-Raphsonmethod)求得開關元件之切換角度，此方法可 以較快的收斂求出其解，而SHE方法需規劃觸發波形，在波形設 计上，為使求解簡單化，一般皆假設為四分之一對稱的半波奇函 9 201236331 皮心"皮屯利用傅利葉級數㈤㈣沈展開的變餘 v可易於求解’進而控制該波形基本波及消除特定的譜波。 在說明SHE控制策略前，傅立葉級數中一般非正弦波頻率仍之 週期波，可展開表示為 〇〇 1 fit) ' F〇 +Σ Λ (0 = - 〇〇 + Σ {ah cos(^) + b. Sin(to)} (5) 1 Z Λ=1 其中為平均值，且 /(〇cos(/z^)i/(^) /? = 0，〜〇〇 ⑹ 1 1π bh"~^[nϊ^)ύη{Ηωί)ά{ωί) ；2 = 0，…〇〇 (7) 平均值由(5)及⑹可得： F〇 =去°。= 士㈣= (⑽ （8) (5)式中每個頻率成份[/Α(ί) =αΑ cos(/i£yi) + sin(/Ky/)]均可以相量來表 示， (9) (10) 其中振幅巧為一 rms值 相位么為 (11)V V3( V6+V2 ΑΒ 2 ^+V2^2+^3+V3^4)/^ (2) (3) 201236331 The system output phase voltage equation is ~ ί^42 - Vw4] + Vun - ^ Vw2l + Vvn - Vw, so the system output line voltage equation is V Vu-Vy Ku _ . K-vw Vw-Vv (4) ▼ _ (3), (4) can verify that the transformer wheel can eliminate 24w ± 1 The odd-order spectral transformer outputs the lowest four odd-reading waves for the twenty-third, twenty-five, forty-seven, and nine times. ID The variable voltage phase change flow is used as the input end, and the same work = the use of a set of second-order three-phase current converters, the invention can reduce the pressure resistance, the resistance of the switch and the isolation effect of the person. Therefore, this system is suitable for testing high voltage and high power systems. # Based on the above, the present invention further utilizes the SHE method to plan the fundamental voltage of the control voltage and/or removes the 12th, 25th, 47th, and 49th harmonics. Most of the methods need to be preset to trigger. The waveform of the signal, because the set wave is composed of _ or cos components, so it is necessary to solve the nonlinear equations by the iterative method to obtain the switching angle. There are several methods for the iterative method. This article uses Newton here. - Newton-Raphson method to obtain the switching angle of the switching elements, this method can find the solution faster, and the SHE method needs to plan the trigger waveform. In the waveform design, in order to simplify the solution, generally It is assumed that the quarter-symmetric half-wave odd function 9 201236331 皮心"皮屯Using the Fourier series (5) (4) The expansion of the residual v can be easily solved' to control the basic wave of the waveform and eliminate the specific spectral wave. Before describing the SHE control strategy, the periodic wave of the general non-sinusoidal frequency in the Fourier series is expandable and expressed as 〇〇1 fit) ' F〇+Σ Λ (0 = - 〇〇+ Σ {ah cos(^) + b. Sin(to)} (5) 1 Z Λ=1 where is the mean and /(〇cos(/z^)i/(^) /? = 0,~〇〇(6) 1 1π bh"~ ^[nϊ^)ύη{Ηωί)ά{ωί) ;2 = 0,...〇〇(7) The average value is obtained by (5) and (6): F〇=de°. = 士(四)= ((10) (8) (5) Each frequency component [/Α(ί) =αΑ cos(/i£yi) + sin(/Ky/)] can be expressed by phasors, (9 (10) where the amplitude is a phase of rms value (11)

aH 在(5)至(8)式中，/z為/似之諧波次數，如h=l為該波形之基本波， 201236331 2,/T為該周期性波形的角頻率。若⑺式等於q，僅剩 則該波形稱為偶函數’其條件需滿足(12)式；同樣的，若⑹式y、 〇，僅剩下⑺式，則該波形為奇函數，其條件需滿足⑽式於 /(-0 = /(0 (12) /(-〇 = -/(0 v (13) 而四/刀之-週期對稱且為奇函數波形除f滿切3)式外，需再滿足 (14)式之條件，該波形僅剩奇數譜波才有諧波值。aH In equations (5) to (8), /z is the harmonic order of /like, such as h = l is the fundamental wave of the waveform, 201236331 2, /T is the angular frequency of the periodic waveform. If (7) is equal to q, only the waveform is called the even function 'the condition needs to satisfy the formula (12); similarly, if the formula (6) y, 〇, only the formula (7) is left, the waveform is an odd function, and the condition It is necessary to satisfy the formula (10) in /(-0 = /(0 (12) /(-〇= -/(0 v (13) and four/knife-periodic symmetry and is an odd function waveform except f full cut 3) The condition of (14) needs to be satisfied again, and only the odd-numbered spectrum is left in the waveform to have harmonic values.

(14) 如圖6所示為四分之-對稱半波奇函數波形，由傅利葉級數 展開，可表示為 m = ^[-1 + 2cos(^) - 2cos(/,a2) + 2cos(to3) - 2cos(to4) + 2cos(, 厶=1，3,5 …〇〇 (15) 其SHE控制策略即利用(15)式作為基礎，本發明在此規劃該二階 波形’利用該波形所規_凹陷角度有五個自由角度(W %、 4 ,as)故可藉由控制該五個自由角度變化來改變基本波大小並 且齡四個特定譜波數，故在SHE控制策略中若有/個自由角度， 則可控制其基核與^個触，以獲得_難制條件" Λ丨(α 丨，α2，...α,.) V % 八(a,，ct2，... ) _八(《丨，α2，...α,') Λ. (16) 201236331 ’、中’代表自由角度的個數 譜波y•為欲控制/個譜波中ntb、n域控 i人的 也就是該諧波的量。第7個齡兀^為期望的控制條件， 將⑽式之非雜林式_立，料觀 …、♦所求得的解用來控制其功率開關之觸發訊號，=·. 除該特定的諧波並控制基本波大小。 、4 四十九次諧波， 本發明之觸發訊號設定為四分之一奇函數半波對稱波形且控 制基本波大小及消除第二十三、二十五、四十七、 經由(5)、（13)、（14)式條件整理後可得 % = 0 (17) π 4 & = — jf /Wsin(/m)i)c/(⑽） (18) hJ-\ + 2cos(ha{) - 2cos(/2«2) + 2cos(/2«3) -2cos(haA) + 2cos(/za5)] 且 (Ο,π 2π Αί)ά(ωί) (19) 將(17)至(19)式代入(16)可得(14) As shown in Fig. 6, the waveform of the quarter-symmetric half-wave odd function is expanded by the Fourier series and can be expressed as m = ^[-1 + 2cos(^) - 2cos(/, a2) + 2cos( To3) - 2cos(to4) + 2cos(, 厶=1,3,5 ...〇〇(15) The SHE control strategy is based on the formula (15), in which the present invention plans the second-order waveform to utilize the waveform The _ sag angle has five free angles (W %, 4 , as ). Therefore, by controlling the five free angle changes to change the basic wave size and age four specific spectral wave numbers, if there is any in the SHE control strategy / Free angle, you can control its base and ^ touch to get _ difficult condition " Λ丨(α 丨,α2,...α,.) V % 八(a,,ct2,.. . ) _八("丨,α2,...α,') Λ. (16) 201236331 ',中' represents the number of spectral waves of the free angle y• is the ntb, n domain control in the control/sense spectrum The i-person is the amount of the harmonic. The 7th age is the desired control condition, and the solution obtained by the non-mixed forest type (10) is used to control its power switch. Trigger signal, =·. In addition to the specific harmonic and control the fundamental wave size 4, forty-nineth harmonic, the trigger signal of the present invention is set to a quarter-odd function half-wave symmetric waveform and control the basic wave size and eliminate the twenty-third, twenty-fifth, forty-seventh, via (5) , (13), (14) conditions can be obtained after finishing = 0 (17) π 4 & = — jf /Wsin(/m)i)c/((10)) (18) hJ-\ + 2cos(ha {) - 2cos(/2«2) + 2cos(/2«3) -2cos(haA) + 2cos(/za5)] and (Ο,π 2π Αί)ά(ωί) (19) will (17) to (19) substituted for (16)

r. 1 r23 r2S ^47 J -V -1 + 2 cos(a, )-2 cos(a2 ) + 2 cos(a3 )-2 cos(a4 ) + 2 cos(a5) _4_ hn -1 + 2cos(23a,) - 2cos(23a2) + 2cos(23a3) - 2cos(23a4) + 2cos(23a5) -1 + 2 cos(25a, )-2 cos(25a2) + 2 cos(25a3 )-2 cos(25a4 ) + 2 cos(25a5) -1 + 2 cos(47aj) - 2 cos(47a2) + 2 cos(47a3 )-2 cos(47a4 ) + 2 cos(47a5) -1 + 2 008(49^ )-2 cos(49a2) + 2 cos(49a3) - 2 cos(49a4 ) + 2 cos(49a5) 12 (20) (21) 201236331 移項可得 1 χ/] 4 23 χ r23 =—X π 25 χ r25 47xr47 •49xV r49K)。 -1 + 2 cos(a,) - 2 cos(a2) + 2 cos(a3) - 2 cos(a4) + 2 cos(a5) -1 + 2005(23^)-2005(23^) + 2005(23^)-2008(23^/+2008(23¾) -1 + 2008(25^)-2^8(25^) + 2008(25^)-2^8(25^) + 2^8(25^) -1 + 2 cos(47a,) - 2 cos(47a2) + 2 cos(47a3) - 2 cos(47a4) + 2 cos(47a5) -1 + 2 cos(49a,) - 2 cos(49a2) + 2 cos(49a3) - 2 cos(49a4) + 2 cos(49a5) 其中令期望基本波的量、S=〇、匕=〇、&=〇r. 1 r23 r2S ^47 J -V -1 + 2 cos(a, )-2 cos(a2 ) + 2 cos(a3 )-2 cos(a4 ) + 2 cos(a5) _4_ hn -1 + 2cos( 23a,) - 2cos(23a2) + 2cos(23a3) - 2cos(23a4) + 2cos(23a5) -1 + 2 cos(25a, )-2 cos(25a2) + 2 cos(25a3 )-2 cos(25a4 ) + 2 cos(25a5) -1 + 2 cos(47aj) - 2 cos(47a2) + 2 cos(47a3 )-2 cos(47a4 ) + 2 cos(47a5) -1 + 2 008(49^ )-2 cos (49a2) + 2 cos(49a3) - 2 cos(49a4 ) + 2 cos(49a5) 12 (20) (21) 201236331 The shift can get 1 χ/] 4 23 χ r23 =—X π 25 χ r25 47xr47 •49xV r49K). -1 + 2 cos(a,) - 2 cos(a2) + 2 cos(a3) - 2 cos(a4) + 2 cos(a5) -1 + 2005(23^)-2005(23^) + 2005( 23^)-2008(23^/+2008(233⁄4) -1 + 2008(25^)-2^8(25^) + 2008(25^)-2^8(25^) + 2^8(25 ^) -1 + 2 cos(47a,) - 2 cos(47a2) + 2 cos(47a3) - 2 cos(47a4) + 2 cos(47a5) -1 + 2 cos(49a,) - 2 cos(49a2) + 2 cos(49a3) - 2 cos(49a4) + 2 cos(49a5) where the amount of the fundamental wave is expected, S=〇, 匕=〇, &=〇

因方程式(21)為一非線性之函數，本發明利用牛頓_瑞福森之 數值分析法來求解，求解之軟體使用Matlab模擬軟體撰寫求解程 式’而求出的方程式之角度解(αι、％、％、①、A)，可能有多 組解’故本發_ THD最小值作為最佳化條件纽。如基核為 0.7時之THD%最小角度解為％ = 〇搬。、％ = % % 1〇、= 46 6〇5。、 «4 =54.631。及％=76.209。，其 THD°/〇列於表 1。 再者基本波的大小可隨著膝變化而變化，軸可達到所預 定的消除特定諧波以及_其基核，而其絲受_譜波卻已 經是蚊無歧變及織，如七十_、七十三、九十五、九十七 次譜波。此外’本發觸發誠假設為半波對稱波形，則可控 制基本波树’改_發之纽，在基本波大小及齡二十三: -十五、四十七、四十九未變的條件下，進而得到了肋更低之角 度解。 至於四分之-對稱半波奇函數波形，該波型可由六個波型（一 個方波與五個近似方波)所域，％近似方波巾之方程式為 4Since equation (21) is a non-linear function, the present invention uses Newton_Rifson's numerical analysis method to solve the problem, and the solved software uses the Matlab simulation software to write the solution program's angle solution (αι, %, %, 1, A), there may be multiple sets of solutions, so the original _ THD minimum is used as the optimization condition. If the base nucleus is 0.7, the THD% minimum angle solution is % = 〇 move. , % = % % 1〇, = 46 6〇5. , «4 = 54.631. And %=76.209. , THD ° / 〇 is listed in Table 1. Furthermore, the size of the fundamental wave can change with the change of the knee, and the axis can reach the predetermined elimination of the specific harmonic and its base nucleus, while the wire is subjected to the _ spectral wave but the mosquito has no distorted and woven, such as seventy _, seventy-three, ninety-five, ninety-seven times. In addition, 'the trigger of the hair is assumed to be a half-wave symmetric waveform, then the basic wave tree can be controlled to change the new wave, and the basic wave size and age are twenty-three: -15, forty-seven, forty-nine. Under the conditions, a lower angle solution of the rib is obtained. As for the quarter-symmetric half-wave odd-function waveform, the waveform can be in the domain of six waveforms (one square wave and five approximate square waves), and the equation of the approximate square wave towel is 4

Fa'h = — X 2 cos na, ηπ 1 (22) 13 201236331 圖7 (a)中為未相移時為=〇。的波形圖，其方程式即為式 (22) ’圖7⑹中’電壓基本波已相移，所產生之基本波相移角為， 其波形已魏半麟稱之波形，絲雜侧葉級數展開後可表 示成(23)、（24)式： eal =~x 2cosnax x cosηφχ (23) (24) p1 imag _ ^ λ a'h = - — x ^ COS «α, X sin ηφχFa'h = — X 2 cos na, ηπ 1 (22) 13 201236331 Figure 7 (a) is = 〇 when there is no phase shift. The waveform diagram, the equation is equation (22) 'In Figure 7 (6), the voltage fundamental wave has been phase-shifted, and the resulting fundamental wave phase shift angle is the waveform of the Weibo half-strand waveform. It can be expressed as (23), (24): eal =~x 2cosnax x cosηφχ (23) (24) p1 imag _ ^ λ a'h = - — x ^ COS «α, X sin ηφχ

η 1 3、5…〇〇專奇數才有值，即表示已消除其偶次數譜波，當 ㈣時’則公式即恢復方程式(22)，絲式⑽與⑽即為半波 對稱函數，而由此_至《2、％、％、％並絲其方波相結 合，即可得到一方程式（25)及(26) f =rpC〇s(A)=—士 (1+攻(_iy c〇s 〜α, χ刪义） /=1η 1 3,5...〇〇Special odd numbers have values, that is, the even-numbered spectral waves have been eliminated. When (4), the formula is to restore the equation (22), and the filaments (10) and (10) are half-wave symmetric functions. Thus _ to "2,%,%,% and the square wave combined, you can get a program (25) and (26) f = rpC 〇 s (A) = - 士 (1 + attack (_iy c 〇s ~α, χ χ) /=1

Fh 8 =rpsm(fiP) = ~(21£(-iy cosn^xsinn^.) ί—1 η = 1,3,5......〇〇 ^=1,2,3 (26) (27) 小，第二十三、 其中〃表示欲控制的大小(在此表示控制基本波大 二十五、四十七及第四十九次触為零），歸示將㈣位移的度 數，户表示控制η個諧波中為第p個諧波元素(故為控制基本波及 四個咱波）’ 1表示共控制了幾個譜波共有k個譜波被控制(含基本 波）j表虛數。该動作將原來五個自由角度即五個變數，可控制 201236331 其基本波及四個諧波數擴張至十個變數，由方程式(25)、（26)可整 理出欲消二十三、二十五、四十七、四十九次諧波之聯立方程式 如下(28)式。Fh 8 =rpsm(fiP) = ~(21£(-iy cosn^xsinn^.) ί—1 η = 1,3,5...〇〇^=1,2,3 (26) ( 27) small, twenty-third, where 〃 indicates the size to be controlled (here, the control basic wave is twenty-five, forty-seventh and forty-ninth touches are zero), and the degree of displacement of (iv) is shown. The user indicates that the nth harmonic is the pth harmonic element (thus controlling the fundamental wave and the four chopping waves)' 1 means that a total of several spectral waves are controlled, and a total of k spectral waves are controlled (including basic waves). Imaginary. This action will be the original five free angles, that is, five variables, which can control 201236331 and its basic wave and four harmonic numbers are expanded to ten variables. Equations (25) and (26) can be sorted out. The simultaneous equations for the twenty-fifth, forty-seventh, and forty-ninth harmonics are as follows (28).

Ρ{α,φ).Ρ{α, φ).

1)” X 2 cos sin 泛 [(— 1)" x 2 cos 23αη sin 23^n ] n=ly*] [(- l)n x 2 cos 25an sin 25φη ] n=l [(— l)rt x 2 cos 47an sin ΑΊφη ] [(-1)" x 2 cos 49an sin 49^n ] /1=1 -1 + X] [(- l)(n+l) X 2 cos an cos φη 1 n«l J •l + y][(- l)(n+l) x 2 cos 23an cos 23^,] /i=l -l + y^[(~ l)(n+1) x 2 cos 25an cos 25φη -1 + έ 1(- 1)(”+丨)X 2 cos 47α" COS 47么 1 /1=1 • 1 + έ [(- 1)(”+丨)X 2 cos 49α„ cos 49糾 r, sin βχ 1 23r23sin 爲3 25r25sin；025 47r47 sin^47 49r49 sinyS49 η cos 23¾ cos/?23 25r25 cos/325 47r47cos^47 49r49 cos/?49j (28) 由於欲解具有相移角度的基本波’因有十個變數所以會有十個方 程式組，因疊代法求解時會有初始值問題，求解時會有其一定的 難度，故會先利用(21)式將基本波未相移時的角度求出(可視為五 個變數）’再以此角度作為下一個相移的初始值，即由基本波〇产 角度解作為初始值，疊代解出基本波_度角度解，再由讀度 的角度解作為初始值’疊代解出0.02度之角度解，以此類推至^ 度’利用此方法可較快速求得所需之新觸發角度。而本發明所求 15 201236331 之基本波0.02〜1.26最佳的角度解列於表1。 本發明之TMS320腿2程式流程，如圖8所示。開始先設定 周邊控㈣存㈣能，和放人基本波大小為⑽〜126的開關訊 號表，其初始值設定為基本波為〇·7(變壓器設計基本波為〇·7時 輸出線電壓有效值為蕭），並設定本祕之計數器η·為 60HZ，因 360 39062 0.0〇9 ’其精確度約可到〇· 〇1度。 當程式開始時便依照Time計數器查表，當計數器小於 39062 ’則依計數器所對應的時間表和開關角度表來作切換；當計 數值大於39062 ’便完成-週期，計數歸〇，重新計數。其中輸出 線糕控制在有效值蕭，以213V和作上下調幅⑽界， 因每增加基本波調變指數〇. 〇2輸出電壓約增加有效值& 2V，當 輸出電麗下降時便去增加基本波的調變指標，以維持輸出電壓。 综合上述，本發明提出—個新型曲折繞接線變壓器在多階層 電壓源變流H巾’在高;神細場合中，讀出容量分散於纽 功率開關it件上，降低每_關元件上之電壓、電流切換應力， 另卜24n±l -人以外之奇次谐波不會出現在本纽賴器輸出側， 加上觸發信號紐制賴的基本波朗除第二十三、二十五、 十七以及第时九次觀，再將未受控的雜藉由基本波位移^ 做規劃，得到THD%更低的角度解，使麵器輸出魅觸 的譜波僅剩七十-、七十三、九十五、九十七，系統因能得到更 好的輸出，提升賴品質、降低變流⑼撞耐流、縮小據波 201236331 積且系統具變壓器隔離效果。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1為本發明之新型曲折繞接線連接方式； 圖2為本發明之新型曲折繞接線變壓器架構在多階層電壓源 變流器系統； 圖3為本發明之三相整流濾波器； 圖4為本發明之電壓感測電路； 圖5為本發明之功率開關元件驅動電路； 圖6為二階層四分之一半波對稱波形； 圖7為四分之一半波對稱與半波對稱波形比較； 圖8為本發明之DSP程式流程圖； 表1為所求得最佳THD%角度解； 【主要元件符號說明】 101 :新型曲折繞接線變壓器架構在多階層電壓源變流器系 統； 102 :直流電源； 103 :四組三相變流器； 104 :新型曲折繞接線變壓器； 105 :三相濾波器； 106 :三相整流濾波電路； 107 :電壓感測電路； 108 :數位控制器（TMS320F2812); 109 :功率開關元件驅動電路； 17 201236331 201 :功率開關元件IGBt ; 202 :三相橋式整流器； 203 :濾波器； 204 .電壓感測元件； 205 :運算放大器； 206 :諧振電容； 207 :譜振電感； 208 :光耦合器；1)" X 2 cos sin pan [(-1)" x 2 cos 23αη sin 23^n ] n=ly*] [(- l)nx 2 cos 25an sin 25φη ] n=l [(- l)rt x 2 cos 47an sin ΑΊφη ] [(-1)" x 2 cos 49an sin 49^n ] /1=1 -1 + X] [(- l)(n+l) X 2 cos an cos φη 1 n «l J •l + y][(- l)(n+l) x 2 cos 23an cos 23^,] /i=l -l + y^[(~ l)(n+1) x 2 cos 25an Cos 25φη -1 + έ 1(- 1)("+丨)X 2 cos 47α" COS 47 what 1 /1=1 • 1 + έ [(- 1)("+丨)X 2 cos 49α„ cos 49 Correction r, sin βχ 1 23r23sin is 3 25r25sin; 025 47r47 sin^47 49r49 sinyS49 η cos 233⁄4 cos/?23 25r25 cos/325 47r47cos^47 49r49 cos/?49j (28) Due to the fundamental wave with phase shift angle 'Because there are ten variables, there will be ten equations. When the iterative method is solved, there will be initial value problems. It will have certain difficulty when solving. Therefore, the basic wave will not be phase-shifted first by using (21). The angle is obtained (can be regarded as five variables)' and this angle is used as the initial value of the next phase shift, that is, the fundamental wave is produced as the initial value, and the iterative solution is used to solve the basic wave_degree angle solution. Reading degree Solutions as an initial value of 'iterative solution of the angle of 0.02 degrees solution, and so the degree to ^' using this method may be faster new firing angle necessary to obtain. The optimum angle of the fundamental wave 0.02 to 1.26 obtained by the present invention is 2012. The TMS320 leg 2 program flow of the present invention is shown in FIG. Start by setting the peripheral control (4) memory (4) and the switching signal table with the basic wave size of (10)~126. The initial value is set to the basic wave 〇·7 (the output line voltage is valid when the basic wave of the transformer design is 〇·7). The value is Xiao), and the counter of the secret is set to η· is 60HZ, because 360 39062 0.0〇9 'the accuracy is about 〇· 〇1 degree. When the program starts, it will check the table according to the Time counter. When the counter is less than 39062 ′, it will switch according to the schedule corresponding to the counter and the switch angle table; when the count value is greater than 39062 ’, the cycle is completed, the count is blamed, and the counter is counted again. The output line cake is controlled at the effective value of Xiao, with 213V and the upper and lower amplitude modulation (10) boundary, because each increase of the basic wave modulation index 〇. 〇 2 output voltage is increased by the effective value & 2V, when the output is reduced, it goes Increase the fundamental wave modulation index to maintain the output voltage. In summary, the present invention proposes a novel zigzag-wound wiring transformer in a multi-layer voltage source to convert a H-belt' in a high-detailed occasion, the readout capacity is dispersed on the neon power switch on the piece, and the on-off component is lowered. Voltage and current switching stress, and the odd harmonics other than 24n±l - human will not appear on the output side of this New Zealander, plus the basic wave of the trigger signal New Zealand, except for the twenty-third, twenty-fifth , 17 and the 9th time, then uncontrolled miscellaneous borrowing from the basic wave displacement ^ to plan, to get a lower THD% angle solution, so that the output of the charm of the charm is only seventy - Seventy-three, ninety-five, ninety-seven, the system can get better output, improve the quality, reduce the flow (9) hit the current, reduce the data 201236331 and the system has transformer isolation effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a new zigzag winding connection of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a novel zigzag winding transformer structure of the present invention in a multi-layer voltage source converter system; Figure 4 is a voltage sensing circuit of the present invention; Figure 5 is a power switching element driving circuit of the present invention; Figure 6 is a two-level quarter-wave symmetric waveform; Figure 7 is a quarter-wave symmetric Compared with the half-wave symmetric waveform; Figure 8 is a flowchart of the DSP program of the present invention; Table 1 is the best THD% angle solution obtained; [Major component symbol description] 101: The new zigzag winding transformer is constructed in a multi-layer voltage source Converter system; 102: DC power supply; 103: four sets of three-phase converter; 104: new zigzag winding transformer; 105: three-phase filter; 106: three-phase rectification and filtering circuit; 107: voltage sensing circuit; 108: digital controller (TMS320F2812); 109: power switching element driving circuit; 17 201236331 201: power switching element IGBt; 202: three-phase bridge rectifier; 203: filter; 204. voltage sensing element; Amplifier; 206: resonance capacitor; 207: vibration spectrum inductor; 208: optical coupler;

209 .電流感測元件； 210 :運算放大器； 211 :光耦合器； 212 : Zener 二極體； 213 :快速二極體； 214 ·’電容器；209. Current sensing element; 210: operational amplifier; 211: optical coupler; 212: Zener diode; 213: fast diode; 214 · 'capacitor;

Gr Gr :第一組變流器相電壓； 匕2'匕2、匕2 :第二組變流器相電壓； G3' G3、匕3 :第三組變流器相電壓； G4、^4、匕4 :第四組變流器相電壓； 匕、d :新型曲折繞接線變壓器輪出相電壓； 七、申請專利範圍： 並以特定触^^^^^^在乡_ t獅變流器系統 四組三相變流器電路：每置^括有： 、個功率開關元件組成，提供新型 曲折繞接、__所需電壓波形。Gr Gr : phase voltage of the first group of converters; 匕2'匕2, 匕2: phase voltage of the second group of converters; G3' G3, 匕3: phase voltage of the third group of converters; G4, ^4 , 匕 4: the fourth group of converter phase voltage; 匕, d: the new zigzag winding transformer wheel out phase voltage; VII, the scope of application for patent: and specific touch ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ in the township _ t lion flow Four sets of three-phase converter circuits: each set includes: , a power switching component, providing a new zigzag winding, __ required voltage waveform.

Claims (1)

201236331 201 :功率開關元件IGBt ; 202 :三相橋式整流器； 203 :濾波器； 204 .電壓感測元件； 205 :運算放大器； 206 :諧振電容； 207 :譜振電感； 208 :光耦合器；201236331 201: power switching element IGBt; 202: three-phase bridge rectifier; 203: filter; 204. voltage sensing element; 205: operational amplifier; 206: resonant capacitor; 207: spectral inductance; 208: optical coupler; 209 .電流感測元件； 210 :運算放大器； 211 :光耦合器； 212 : Zener 二極體； 213 :快速二極體； 214 ·’電容器； Gr Gr :第一組變流器相電壓； 匕2'匕2、匕2 :第二組變流器相電壓； G3' G3、匕3 :第三組變流器相電壓； G4、^4、匕4 :第四組變流器相電壓； 匕、d :新型曲折繞接線變壓器輪出相電壓； 七、申請專利範圍： 並以特定触^^^^^^在乡_ t獅變流器系統 四組三相變流器電路：每置^括有： 、個功率開關元件組成，提供新型 曲折繞接、__所需電壓波形。 201236331 -新歸輪峨_賴物觀編 24«±1以外的奇次譜波。 月“除 控制與驅動電路：其中包含一一 -電壓感測電路、—數位二相整流渡波電路、 微處理器、一功率開關源件驅動電路， 並輸出變流器電力開關驅動信號。 2. 如中§t專利顧第丨項所述之新型曲魏接線麵 階層電壓源變流器季續，JL& &209. Current sensing element; 210: operational amplifier; 211: optical coupler; 212: Zener diode; 213: fast diode; 214 · 'capacitor; Gr Gr: phase voltage of the first group of converters; 2'匕2,匕2: phase voltage of the second group of converters; G3' G3, 匕3: phase voltage of the third group of converters; G4, ^4, 匕4: phase voltage of the fourth group of converters;匕, d: new zigzag winding transformer wheel out phase voltage; VII, the scope of application for patents: and specific touch ^^^^^^ in the township _ t lion converter system four sets of three-phase converter circuit: each ^Includes:, a power switching component, providing a new zigzag winding, __ required voltage waveform. 201236331 - The new rim _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Month "In addition to the control and drive circuit: which includes a one-voltage sensing circuit, a digital two-phase rectification wave circuit, a microprocessor, a power switch source drive circuit, and output converter power switch drive signal. For example, the new Qu Wei wiring surface-level voltage source converter described in the §t patent Gu Di丨, JL&& _ 糸、、先其中四組電壓源變流器直流電源輸入端 此和電源並聯或串連分壓構成，視使用者而定。 3. 如申„月專利關第丨項所述之新型曲折繞接線變壓器在 階層電壓源變流器系統之裝置，其中控制驅動裝置之輕感測電 ^ ’將减中電壓職低之魏錢給數健聽理器，以 提供輸出開關驅動信號之依據。 ’士申明專利涵第1項所述之制新型曲折繞接線變壓器 在多階層電壓源變流H系統之裝置，其愤位信號處理器提供四 模組二相變流器驅動電路信號，以驅動四喊流器之高功率固態 電子開關’產生所需之波形。 5. 如申凊專_圍第1項所述之使用於新型曲折繞接線變壓 器在夕層電壓源變流H系統之裝置，其中數位微處理器褒置偵 =電壓回授信驗，更換㈣基本波大小的開_換表，使輸出 端電源具可控之功能，以控制電壓大小。 6. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之使用於新型曲折繞接線變壓 益在多階層電壓源變流器系統之裝置，其中變流器之電力開關為 201236331_ 糸, first four of the voltage source converter DC power input terminal This and the power supply in parallel or serial voltage divider, depending on the user. 3. For the new type of zigzag winding transformer as described in the patent application section, the device of the hierarchical voltage source converter system, wherein the light sensing power of the control device will reduce the low voltage of the medium voltage. Give the number of health listeners to provide the basis for the output switch drive signal. 'Shen Shenming patent culverts the new type of zigzag winding transformers described in item 1 in the multi-level voltage source converter H system device, its anger position signal processing The four-module two-phase converter drive circuit signal is provided to drive the high-power solid-state electronic switch of the four shunts to generate the required waveform. 5. The application is as described in the first item of the application. The device for twisting and winding the transformer in the voltage circuit of the H-level voltage source H, the digital microprocessor is set to detect the voltage feedback test, and replaces the (four) basic wave size of the open_change table, so that the output power supply can be controlled. To control the voltage. 6. As described in the scope of claim 1, the device used in the new zigzag winding transformer is a multi-layer voltage source converter system, wherein the power switch of the converter is 201236331 高功率固態電子開關，而電子開關係由功率半導體元件所組成。 7.如申請專利範圍第1項所述之特定諧波消除之波形不含第 二十三、二十五、四十七、四十九次及偶次譜波，此外也可再延 伸增加其凹陷波，使其波形不含二十三、二十五、四十七、四十 九、七十一、七十三、九十五、九十七等諧波。 20A high power solid state electronic switch, and an electronic open relationship consists of power semiconductor components. 7. The waveform of the specific harmonic elimination described in item 1 of the patent application scope does not include the twenty-third, twenty-five, forty-seventh, forty-ninth and even-order spectral waves, and may be further extended to increase its The concave wave is such that its waveform does not contain harmonics such as twenty-three, twenty-five, forty-seven, forty-nine, seventy-one, seventy-three, ninety-five, ninety-seven. 20