200949063 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種汽缸頭結構，尤指一種適用於機車 或其他引擎動力裝置之汽缸頭結構。 【先前技術】200949063 IX. INSTRUCTIONS: TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a cylinder head structure, and more particularly to a cylinder head structure suitable for use in a locomotive or other engine power unit. [Prior Art]
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引擎汽缸頭之設計有多種類型，例如可區分成一體式 /飞紅頭及为離式K缸頭，其中分離式汽缸頭主要是將汽 缸頭構造上半部分離出一汽缸頭蓋。分離式汽缸頭之設計 在習知上主要又有如下三種形態：分離式凸輪轴座、一體 式2輪轴座、以及汽缸頭/凸輪軸座一體成型。圖1為一體 式汽缸頭1之示意圖；圖2至圖4則分別繪示上述三種分離式 汽缸頭，但圖2與圖3皆已將汽缸頭蓋省略。 分離式汽缸頭的優點在於調整汽門間隙比一體式汽缸 頭方便，故有助於維修。圖2之分離式凸輪軸座的缺點除汽 缸頭的整體剛性較弱外’凸轴軸座為上下對開之定位轴承 所、’成為了形成完整定位轴承座必須先組合加工再將 其^解’導致製程複雜而成本增加。另外，上述三種分離 式/飞紅頭中’―體式凸輪轴座、及汽虹頭與凸輪轴座一體 ，型了者的_較高’且沒有分離式凸輪轴座之定位轴承 主的製程複雜問題’因此常作為分離式汽缸頭的發展目標。 再者’上述分離式汽虹頭之油路設計—直是令人困擾 蟫二題、。圖2與圖3的汽缸頭油路主要是使潤滑油依序經過 ”通道4(9)、搖臂轴内埋油道5⑽、及搖臂出油孔6⑴） 20 200949063 而向外濺灑出。但此種油路型態會造成搖臂軸2(7)及搖臂 3(8)之設計複雜化，成本較高且出油量較小。 5 ❹ 10 15 20 在圖4中，汽缸頭16與凸輪軸座18 頭油路包括需於汽缸㈣之結合面12下方額外設置H 滑油通道14，此潤滑油通道14經過螺栓通道13，並開口於 疋位轴承座15之油室（圖中未示出至於潤滑油通道μ另一 端則將之封閉形成一封閉端17(栓塞未繪出）。 刖述油至疋指開設於定位轴承座内、用於與凸輪軸内 部中空槽相連通之空間，其主要提供潤滑油直接進入凸輪 軸之途徑。 凸輪軸座18之主體部分為平行設置之-對前、後定位 軸承座’且二座體間係具有相連結而成為一體之關係。另 外，凸輪轴座18上還設有兩組搖臂支樓孔21用以放置搖臂 裝置（圖未示）°狂頭16與汽缸頭蓋裝結合時，螺栓件 22穿通螺栓通道13突出於凸輪軸㈣之頂緣面⑻，最後鎖 附於汽缸頭蓋2G H頭蓋2G之底部面會對應結合於結合 面12上。汽虹頭蓋2〇與凸輪軸座18之頂緣面⑻間還夹設有 業界慣用、用以平均鎖附力量之墊片19。 潤滑油即依序經過螺栓通道13、濁滑油通道Μ而至定 位抽承座15表面排出潤滑。此種油路設計其加工路徑較 長’且其加工性受汽紅頭結合面12之高度影響。而且由於 :閉端π是位在汽缸頭16外部，若因加工 變異而導致㈣失效，潤滑油便料料損失並汙染環/ 因此本發明是為了提供一種簡單而有效的引擎汽缸頭 6 200949063 之油路結構’解決擾人的油路設計問題。 5 Ο 10 15 ❹ 20 【發明内容】 本發明之引擎汽缸頭結構包括—汽缸頭蓋一汽紅 頭、及-凸輪軸座。上述汽缸頭包括有一結合面，汽缸頭 蓋係結合於結合面。 凸輪轴座是固設在汽叙頭，並包括有一第一定位轴承 座、-螺栓通道、及_内埋通道，其中内埋通道連通於定 位軸承座之油室’定位轴承座之頂緣面㈣有—座頂槽，座頂槽連通螺栓通道及内埋通道，且座頂槽上方覆蓋有— 阻撞板。 、，藉由上述結構，可將阻擋板當作一般鎖附墊片來產生 平均受力的制’而且本發明之引擎汽缸頭結構可以利用 模具設計而—體成型製作出，省卻習知通道加工之步驟。 上述阻播板可為门型板或一字型板。上述凸輪轴座可 更包括有獨立且相對於第—定位軸承座之—第二定位轴承 座。在-定位軸承座互為獨立之結構下，若採用门型阻播 板將其跨接鎖附在二位軸承座之頂緣面上，更具有抑制 二定位軸承座受搖臂機構㈣、維持凸輪轴座結構完整性 之功效。第-、二定位軸承座之頂緣面可高於搖臂轴支 孔’使前述結構維持效果更佳。 上述凸輪軸座與汽缸頭可為一體成型、或互為獨立分 7 200949063 5 ❹ 10 15 ❹ 20 【實施方式】 參考圖5與圖6，分別為本發明一較佳實施例之分離式 汽缸頭分解圖、及立體圖。本實施例所描述者係為一具有 分離式汽缸頭之機車引擎，其中汽缸頭32與凸輪軸座33為 一體成型者。需特別說明的是，本發明之汽缸頭構造並不 限於實施例之機車用途，其他引擎動力裝置例如割草機亦 同樣適用。 圖中顯示出一汽缸頭蓋31、一汽缸頭32、一凸輪轴座 33、以及一凸輪軸驅動輪38，汽缸頭32係透過四鎖附螺栓 36固定於汽缸（圖未示）上。汽缸頭32具有一環狀結合面 321，汽缸頭蓋31即是結合於汽缸頭32之結合面321上。 凸輪軸座33是一體地固定在汽缸頭32上，且凸輪轴座 33主要包括第一定位軸承座331、與第二定位轴承座332、 及成對位於每一定位軸承座兩側之四螺检通道（為求簡 化，圖中僅標示其中一螺栓通道333)。螺栓通道是延伸於 包括汽缸頭32與凸輪軸座33二者内部之通孔。 二定位軸承座331與332是相互獨立且對置，並有二搖 臂機構組39與40分別可樞轉地套設在二定位轴承座331與 332之間。第一定位軸承座331之頂緣面335還凹設有一座頂 槽34。 此處另同時參考圖7。在凸輪軸座33内，也是在第一定 位軸承座331内，形成有一内埋通道334，其連通至定位軸 承座331之油室337。上述設於頂緣面335之座頂槽34兩端分 別與螺栓通道333、及内埋通道334連通。 8 200949063 在進行汽缸頭32鎖固於汽缸之前，先使用一阻擋板35 覆蓋住座頂槽34，本例中為一门型板。此门型阻擋板35除 覆蓋住座頂槽34外、更延伸位於四鎖附處近旁，亦即阻擋 板35是同時跨置在二定位軸承座331與332之頂緣面335與 5 336 上。 來自潤滑油箱之潤滑油之流動路徑為：經汽缸頭32内 與凸輪軸座33内之螺栓通道333、座頂槽34、内埋通道334， 最後進入油室337。 ❹ 由上述可知，當進行鎖附步驟時，阻擋板35亦可發揮 1〇 鎖附墊片之功效、不須另外使用正規之墊片構件。本發明 之油路結構即使在座頂槽34上方之阻擋板35遮蔽不甚完整 而導致微量漏油時，潤滑油仍是留置在汽缸頭32内而不會 造成損失與汙染環境。 而本發明之另一優點在於上述汽缸頭結構是可透過模 15 具設計而一次成型出，不須如習知之設計般進行油路孔洞 加工、栓塞封閉等步驟（如圖4)，可節省相當的製程時間。 _ 此外，在搖臂機構组39與40運轉受力過程中，會發生 ❿ 二獨立且相對之定位軸承座33 1與332受搖臂機構組39與40 振動擴撐之作用而有分離傾向，對於搖臂機構組39與40之 20 運動特性的確實性有不良影響。而利用本實施例之门型阻 擋板35則可在上述情形發生時將二定位轴承座331與332拘 束住，增加剛性以維持結構的原始性。特別是在如本實施 例鎖附處，即定位軸承座331之頂緣面335是高於用於支撐 搖臂機構組之搖臂軸支撐孔37之情況中，此種门型阻擋板 9 200949063 35因為是在變位最大處發揮限制拘束之功能，因此有較佳 的維持效果》 雖在本實施例中汽缸頭結構特徵是實施於第一定位轴 承座331，但當然也可以設計在靠近凸輪軸驅動輪38之第二 5 定位軸承座3 3 2，此為熟知此技藝者可輕易思及之變化。 參考圖8,其為本發明第二較佳實施例之分離式汽缸頭 分解圖。本實施例中，汽缸頭42與凸輪軸座43為相互獨立 分件，需透過鎖附方式將凸輪軸座43固定在汽缸頭42上。 Q 另外，二定位轴承座431與432具有相連之關係，亦即於兩 10 侧旁各以連接側壁435a與435b而連接，有二搖臂機構組 436a與436b對應樞設在二連接侧壁435a與435b。 同樣地，於第一定位軸承座431之頂緣面437上凹設一 座頂槽44，分別與螺栓通道433及内埋通道434相連通。一 门型阻擋板45跨接鎖附在二定位軸承座431、432之頂緣面 15 437、438上，除了作為覆蓋座頂槽44以形成油路、防止漏 油外，亦發揮鎖附塾片之功能。 Ο 參考圖9,係本發明第三較佳實施例之分離式汽缸頭分 解圖。本實施例大致與第一實施例相同，主要是說明阻擋 板51也可改用一字型板，其同樣可形成油路並防止潤滑油 20 自座頂槽34洩漏出，且於第一定位軸承座331之鎖附處發揮 墊片之功效。 上述實施例僅係為了方便說明而舉例而已，本發明所 主張之權利範圍自應以申請專利範圍所述為準，而非僅限 於上述實施例。 200949063 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1係習知一體式汽缸頭立體圖。 圖2係習知具有分離式凸輪轴座之分離式汽缸頭立體圖。 5圖3係習知具有一體式凸輪軸座之分離式汽缸頭立體圖。 圖4係習知具有一體成型凸輪軸座/汽缸頭之分離式汽缸頭 立體圖》 圖5係本發明第一較佳實施例之分離式汽缸頭分解圖。 ©圖6係圖5之組裝立體圖’其中省略了汽缸頭蓋及搖臂機構 10 組’且汽缸頭與凸輪軸座部份斷開。 圖7係沿圖6之A-A線之剖視圖。 圖8係本發明第二較佳實施例之分離式汽缸頭分解圖。 圖9係本發明第三較佳實施例之分離式汽缸頭分解圖。 搖臂軸2,7 螺栓通道4,9，13 搖臂出油孔6,11 潤滑油通道14 汽缸頭16 凸輪轴座18 墊片19 搖臂支撐孔21 15 【主要元件符號說明】 一體式汽缸頭1 〇 搖臂3,8 搖臂軸内埋油道5，10 結合面12 定位軸承座15 封閉端17 頂緣面181 汽缸頭蓋20 螺栓件22 11 200949063 汽缸頭32,42 凸輪軸座33,43 螺栓通道333,433 頂緣面 335,336,437,438 座頂槽34,44 汽缸頭蓋3 1 結合面321 定位軸承座331，332,431，432 内埋通道334,434 油室337 阻擋板35,45,51 鎖附螺栓36 搖臂軸支撐孔37 凸輪軸驅動輪38 搖臂機構組39,40,436a，436b 連接側壁435a，435bThere are many types of engine cylinder head designs, such as an integral/flying red head and a separate K cylinder head, wherein the split cylinder head is mainly to separate the upper part of the cylinder head structure from a cylinder head cover. The design of the split cylinder head has three main forms in the prior art: a split camshaft seat, an integral 2-wheel axle seat, and a cylinder head/camshaft seat integrally formed. 1 is a schematic view of the integrated cylinder head 1; and FIGS. 2 to 4 respectively illustrate the above three separate cylinder heads, but both FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 have omitted the cylinder head cover. The advantage of the split cylinder head is that it is easier to adjust the valve clearance than the integrated cylinder head, which is helpful for maintenance. The disadvantages of the split camshaft seat of Fig. 2 are that the overall rigidity of the cylinder head is weaker except that the 'protruding shaft shaft seat is a locating bearing that is up and down, 'become a complete positioning bearing housing must be combined and processed and then solved' This leads to complex processes and increased costs. In addition, in the above three separate/flying red heads, the "body type camshaft seat, and the steam head and the cam shaft seat are integrated, the type of the _higher" and the positioning of the locating bearing without the separate camshaft seat are complicated. 'Therefore, it is often the development goal of a separate cylinder head. Furthermore, the design of the oil circuit of the above-mentioned separate type of steam head is awkward. The cylinder head oil passages of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 mainly discharge the lubricating oil out through the passage 4 (9), the rocker shaft inner oil passage 5 (10), and the rocker oil outlet 6 (1) 20 200949063. However, this type of oil circuit will complicate the design of the rocker shaft 2 (7) and the rocker arm 3 (8), and the cost is high and the oil output is small. 5 ❹ 10 15 20 In Figure 4, the cylinder The head 16 and the camshaft seat 18 oil passages include an additional H oil passage 14 disposed below the joint surface 12 of the cylinder (4). The lubricating oil passage 14 passes through the bolt passage 13 and opens into the oil chamber of the clamp bearing housing 15 ( It is not shown in the figure that the other end of the lubricating oil passage μ is closed to form a closed end 17 (the plug is not shown). The oil to the finger is opened in the positioning bearing seat for connecting with the hollow groove inside the camshaft. The space is mainly provided for the direct access of the lubricating oil to the camshaft. The main part of the camshaft seat 18 is arranged in parallel - the front and rear positioning bearing housings, and the two bodies are connected and integrated into one another. In addition, the camshaft seat 18 is further provided with two sets of rocker arm floor holes 21 for placing the rocker arm device (figure When the mad head 16 is combined with the cylinder head cover, the bolt member 22 protrudes through the bolt passage 13 from the top edge surface (8) of the cam shaft (4), and finally is locked to the cylinder head cover 2G. The bottom surface of the head cover 2G is coupled to the joint surface. On the 12th, the steam head cover 2〇 and the top edge surface (8) of the camshaft seat 18 are also provided with a gasket 19 which is conventionally used in the industry for the average locking force. The lubricating oil sequentially passes through the bolt passage 13, and the lubricating oil The passage is so as to discharge the lubrication on the surface of the positioning suction seat 15. This oil path is designed to have a long processing path and its workability is affected by the height of the steam red head joint surface 12. And since the closed end π is located at the cylinder head 16 Externally, if (4) fails due to processing variation, the lubricant will lose material and contaminate the ring. Therefore, the present invention is to provide a simple and effective engine cylinder head 6 200949063 oil circuit structure 'solving disturbing oil circuit design problem 5 Ο 10 15 ❹ 20 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The engine cylinder head structure of the present invention comprises a cylinder head cover, a steam red head, and a camshaft seat. The cylinder head includes a joint surface, and the cylinder head cover is coupled to the joint surface. The shaft seat is fixed on the steam head and includes a first positioning bearing seat, a bolt passage, and a buried passage, wherein the buried passage communicates with the oil chamber of the positioning bearing seat to position the top surface of the bearing seat (4) There is a top slot, the top slot communicates with the bolt passage and the buried passage, and the top slot is covered with a blocking plate. With the above structure, the blocking plate can be regarded as a general locking gasket to generate an average The engine's cylinder head structure of the present invention can be fabricated by using a mold design, which eliminates the steps of conventional channel processing. The above-mentioned blocking board can be a door type plate or a flat plate type. The second positioning bearing housing can be further included independently and relative to the first positioning bearing housing. In the structure where the positioning bearing housings are independent of each other, if the door type blocking board is used to attach the jumper lock to the top edge surface of the two-position bearing seat, the two-position bearing housing is restrained by the rocker arm mechanism (4) and maintained. The effectiveness of the structural integrity of the camshaft seat. The top surface of the first and second positioning bearing seats can be higher than the rocker shaft support hole to make the aforementioned structure maintain better. The camshaft seat and the cylinder head may be integrally formed or independent of each other. 7 200949063 5 ❹ 10 15 ❹ 20 [Embodiment] Referring to FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, respectively, a separate cylinder head according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention Exploded view, and perspective view. The embodiment described in the present embodiment is a locomotive engine having a split cylinder head in which the cylinder head 32 and the camshaft seat 33 are integrally formed. It is to be noted that the cylinder head structure of the present invention is not limited to the locomotive use of the embodiment, and other engine power units such as lawn mowers are also applicable. The figure shows a cylinder head cover 31, a cylinder head 32, a camshaft seat 33, and a camshaft drive wheel 38. The cylinder head 32 is fixed to a cylinder (not shown) via a four-bolt bolt 36. The cylinder head 32 has an annular joint surface. The cylinder head cover 31 is coupled to the joint surface 321 of the cylinder head 32. The camshaft seat 33 is integrally fixed to the cylinder head 32, and the camshaft seat 33 mainly includes a first positioning bearing seat 331, a second positioning bearing housing 332, and a pair of four screws on both sides of each positioning bearing housing. Inspection channel (for simplicity, only one of the bolt channels 333 is indicated in the figure). The bolt passage is a through hole extending through both the cylinder head 32 and the cam shaft seat 33. The two positioning bearing blocks 331 and 332 are independent and opposed to each other, and the two rocker mechanism groups 39 and 40 are pivotally sleeved between the two positioning bearing blocks 331 and 332, respectively. The top edge surface 335 of the first positioning bearing block 331 is further recessed with a top groove 34. Here also refer to Figure 7 at the same time. In the camshaft seat 33, also in the first positioning bearing block 331, a buried passage 334 is formed which communicates with the oil chamber 337 of the positioning bearing housing 331. The two ends of the top groove 34 provided on the top edge surface 335 are in communication with the bolt passage 333 and the inner passage 334, respectively. 8 200949063 Before the cylinder head 32 is locked to the cylinder, a top plate 34 is covered with a blocking plate 35, in this case a door plate. The door type blocking plate 35 is disposed in the vicinity of the four locking portions except the cover top groove 34, that is, the blocking plate 35 is simultaneously spanned on the top edge faces 335 and 5 336 of the two positioning bearing blocks 331 and 332. . The flow path of the lubricating oil from the lubricating oil tank is: through the bolt passage 333 in the cylinder head 32 and the cam shaft seat 33, the seat top groove 34, the buried passage 334, and finally enters the oil chamber 337. ❹ As can be seen from the above, when the locking step is performed, the blocking plate 35 can also function as a locking spacer without using a separate spacer member. The oil passage structure of the present invention retains the lubricating oil in the cylinder head 32 even when the barrier plate 35 above the seat pan 34 is not completely shielded and causes a slight oil leakage without causing loss and environmental pollution. Another advantage of the present invention is that the cylinder head structure can be molded in one piece through the design of the mold 15 without the steps of oil hole machining and plug sealing as shown in the prior art (Fig. 4), which can save considerable Process time. _ In addition, during the operation of the rocker arm mechanism groups 39 and 40, the two independent and opposite positioning bearing blocks 33 1 and 332 are separated by the vibration expansion of the rocker arm mechanism groups 39 and 40, and there is a tendency to separate. There is an adverse effect on the authenticity of the motion characteristics of the rocker arm mechanism groups 39 and 40. With the gate type baffle plate 35 of this embodiment, the two positioning bearing blocks 331 and 332 can be restrained when the above situation occurs, and the rigidity is increased to maintain the originality of the structure. Particularly in the case of the locking portion of the present embodiment, that is, the top edge surface 335 of the positioning bearing block 331 is higher than the rocker shaft supporting hole 37 for supporting the rocker arm mechanism group, the door type blocking plate 9 200949063 35 is a function of restricting restraint at the maximum displacement, so there is a better maintenance effect. Although the cylinder head structural feature is implemented in the first positioning bearing block 331 in the present embodiment, it is of course also possible to design it close to the cam. The second 5 of the shaft drive wheel 38 is positioned in the bearing housing 3 3 2, which is a change that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art. Referring to Figure 8, there is shown an exploded view of a split cylinder head in accordance with a second preferred embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the cylinder head 42 and the camshaft seat 43 are independent of each other, and the camshaft seat 43 is fixed to the cylinder head 42 by a locking method. Further, the two positioning bearing blocks 431 and 432 have a connected relationship, that is, the connecting side walls 435a and 435b are connected to the sides of the two 10 sides, and the two rocker arm mechanism groups 436a and 436b are respectively pivotally disposed on the two connecting side walls 435a. With 435b. Similarly, a top groove 44 is recessed in the top edge surface 437 of the first positioning bearing block 431 to communicate with the bolt passage 433 and the inner passage 434, respectively. A door type blocking plate 45 is attached to the top edge faces 15 437, 438 of the two positioning bearing blocks 431, 432, and functions as a cover groove 44 to form an oil passage to prevent oil leakage. The function of the film. Referring to Figure 9, there is shown a split view of a split cylinder head in accordance with a third preferred embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is substantially the same as the first embodiment, mainly to illustrate that the blocking plate 51 can also be replaced with a flat plate, which can also form an oil passage and prevent the lubricating oil 20 from leaking from the seat top groove 34, and in the first positioning. The lock of the bearing seat 331 functions as a gasket. The above-described embodiments are merely examples for the convenience of the description, and the scope of the claims is intended to be limited by the scope of the claims. 200949063 [Simplified description of the drawings] Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a conventional integrated cylinder head. 2 is a perspective view of a conventional split cylinder head having a separate camshaft seat. 5 is a perspective view of a conventional split cylinder head having an integral camshaft seat. Figure 4 is a perspective view of a separate cylinder head having an integrally formed camshaft seat/cylinder head. Figure 5 is an exploded view of the split cylinder head of the first preferred embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 6 is an assembled perspective view of Fig. 5 in which the cylinder head cover and the rocker arm mechanism 10 group' are omitted and the cylinder head and the cam shaft seat portion are disconnected. Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 6. Figure 8 is an exploded view of a split cylinder head in accordance with a second preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 9 is an exploded view of a split cylinder head in accordance with a third preferred embodiment of the present invention. Rocker shaft 2,7 bolt channel 4,9,13 rocker oil outlet 6,11 oil passage 14 cylinder head 16 camshaft seat 18 washer 19 rocker arm support hole 21 15 Head 1 〇 rocker arm 3, 8 rocker shaft buried oil passage 5, 10 joint surface 12 locating bearing seat 15 closed end 17 top edge surface 181 cylinder head cover 20 bolt member 22 11 200949063 cylinder head 32, 42 cam shaft seat 33, 43 Bolt channel 333,433 Top edge surface 335,336,437,438 Seat groove 34,44 Cylinder head cover 3 1 Joint surface 321 Positioning bearing block 331,332,431,432 Buried channel 334,434 Oil chamber 337 Blocking plate 35,45,51 Locking bolt 36 Rocker shaft Support hole 37 camshaft drive wheel 38 rocker mechanism set 39, 40, 436a, 436b connecting side wall 435a, 435b
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