200847221 九、發明說明： •【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明侧於-㈣紐及其製造方法。狀，本發明 於一種具有改善亮度的螢光燈及其製造方法。 【優先權】 、 祕係基於並主張日本專利申請轉·7—7756〇號 容藉由參i:獻於2’年3月23曰’其揭露内 【先前技術】 、#H0 5螢絲巾，通過電極的龍施加會使容納在例如玻璃管之 有㈣產生游離並且使游離的稀有氣體碰撞電極， ：ΐίί：ΐ 253*7nm ^ °對於猎由減少使用之燈管數量或電能消耗現^， 的榮光燈已被要求改善來自螢光體的螢光照明“ 12b。在光通過每一個界面時，總光量二:面1】=界， 通過透明管之前，透射光Lt的光量會 以及照明效;二升自τ ί勞在螢光燈』 線所引起之透明管:如由^:== 200847221 ^Γ.ίί成更低的勞光透射率。有鐘於此種不便之處，吾人可 :===¾佈透明管的内部表面，而 以將低折射劑均利^^3)。，，吾人難 面。若僅以低折射劑塗佈透明管的^矣ς =、甘透明官的内部表 極為有益的效果。 ？哪數里的增加，吾人亦無法獲得 螢光嶋等等的 分的氧其主要顆粒為球形或實t屬 包主成 至75nm的粒徑；以及氧化鋁（專利文獻幻、；y亚八有攸4〇削 曰本專利公開公報第·6-342023號 :曰曰ii，公報第2〇 : 公開公報第购3307號 獻4]·日本專利公開公報第2003-51284號 【發明内容】 ，加使用之材料種類數量以及處理☆ 本案發明人已對用以保護例如破璃管 用的氧化灿及對抗自汞所發射之, 的丨υ所使 究。如圖6所示，習知螢光燈u訊右开且進行透徹的研 層13之_保護層14，此保護=管u與螢光體 吾人使用氧化幻4a料Γ 以對抗紫外線， 形或實質上為球形’所以自榮光艘;發射的 200847221 的表面所散射。因此，螢光燈的螢光透射率係趨於降低。 制位於保護層的反射，吾人可使用如® 1所示之薄片狀氧化纪顆 粒形成保護層4,圖1係顯示經由電子顯微鏡輸出的影像。五人可 發現到：相較於提供使用球形或實質上球形之氧化紀顆粒&形成 之習知保護層而導致約⑽的總螢光量損失，提供此觀護 螢光置損失降低至總螢光量的1%。基於此種發現與知識，五产 可達成本發明。 " 亦即’本發明係關於一種螢光燈，此螢光燈包含：透明管， 將稀有氣體以及藉由放電而產生紫外線的汞封入透明管中丨電 極，設置在透明管的兩端部份魏體層，形成在透明管的 内部表面上，其中折射率調整層被設置在延伸於透明管之 面與螢光體層之間的一表面以及透明管之外部表面至少其中 上，以及折射率調整層含有平均粒徑不大於3〇〇nm的氧化釔。 同樣地，本發明係關於一種製造螢光燈的方法，此螢光燈包 含^其中封人稀有氣體以及用以藉由放電而產生紫外線之采= 明g、$又置在透明管之兩端部份附近的電極、以及形成在透明 之内部表面上㈣光體層，此方法包含將含有具林大於細咖 之平均直徑之薄片狀氧化釔的分散液施加至延伸於透明管之内 表面與螢光體層之間的一表面以及透明管之外部表面至少豆^ 一，以形成折射率調整層。 /、 基奸的$紐可對於自螢光體所發_榮絲現出顯 2善的，率，以在實現電能_、沒有增加使狀材料種類 數$以及處理步驟數量的同時獲得高亮度。 依知、本發明的螢光燈製造方法可以低成本製造此種螢光燈。 【實施方式】 依照本發明之螢光燈的特徵為包含：透明管，於其中人 有氣體以及肋藉由放電產生紫外線的汞；電極，設^在透J 的兩端部份附近；以及螢光體層，形成在透明管的内部表面上， 7 200847221 整層係設置在延伸於透明管的内部表面 率調具/不大於獅徑的以及折射 料所形成，例如_。翻t可且有牙過的任何材 含：直管形、彎曲形、環形2开$列任何其中一種形狀，包 人透織__-起封 子=;=;= ρ，明管在兩端部份的附近設有—對電極，此對電極可 雷^水外線的放電。此種極可為熱電極或冷陰極型 ，極:此種熱電極的範例包含各自包含塗佈相如鎖 等之氧化物發光體材料之鎢線圈等等的埶電極。舍電祧^而 Ϊ 氣體離子會與電極碰撞而引起輝光放 ，如上财，猎由放f所產生的電子可激發汞，而使汞發射 =彼此面對?方式配置此對電極，每—個電極可_、鉑等等所 鑄造。當電壓被施加通過冷陰極型電極時，小量存在於透明管内 的電子會與稀有氣體碰撞而使稀魏體_。由此種方式所游離 的稀有氣齡子會與雜碰撞*胁放電。藉由放電所產生的電 子會與汞碰撞而激發汞原子，因此使汞原子發射紫外線。 形成在此種透明管之内壁上光體層可含有#以自采原子 所發射之253.7nm紫外線照射時可發射可見光的螢光體。較佳係 螢光體不易因熱而劣化，並且具有較差的汞吸附能力。在一些情 形中，於螢光燈發光期間，高汞蒸氣壓力條件可維持一段時間。 甚至在此種情形巾，雛的螢紐可抑制目螢紐·汞所引起 8 200847221 的透明官劣化。此種螢光體的範例&H2〇3U :Eu; saPfPO )C Tb'EU)MgAll〇°17 ； (Ba'Sr'EuXMg'Mn)Al10O17 ； ϊ έUC發射之253.7nm紫外線激發時可發射 :性=辄圍内之各種可見光的細，因卿^ 依照本發明㈣紐包含婦率罐層 -===部細咖層之_— 〜在透日^之參之上。對於從勞光體所發射的可見光，設置 f透月g之)^卩表面上的折射率織層具有高於透之内部空 二ΐ::ί::ΪΓ射率’並且用以抑制因為在透明管界面反汾 :ϊ=ί 對於從螢光體所發射的可見光，設置在透 = 的折射率調整層具有低於透明管且高於大氣的 ，射率，並且用以抑制因為在透明管界面反射所狀的螢光量 氏。此種折射率言周整層含有平均粒徑不大於300nm的氧化記。氧 ^乙的平均粒徑較佳係在從20mn至15Gnm的範圍内，最佳係在 ^"!絲_。提做祕有不狀3_m平均粒 二iif形成的折射率調整層可降低透明管界面所反射的螢 定ΐ相ϊίΐ的顆粒較佳係薄片狀。薄片狀氧化紀的粒徑可被界 疋成^於其面積為等於薄片在平面上之投影面積的圓直徑。 喊^此，ί由繞射粒子尺寸分佈分析儀(丨_雌⑽“ 在形成此種折射率調整層時，氧化釔被研磨 下列裝置進行研磨，例如:喷::機二 、、玻珠磨祛專專。吾人可利用包含下列步驟的方法· 着 研:的分散：;將分散液施加至透明管的 紀分散液的特定分散介質範例包含:水;例如酒匕化 9 200847221 以及一甲本的有機溶劑；以！呈、、日人你。 塗佈、浸潰、喷塗等等任何其’中』：。乾二方法可為 具有預定厚度之塗膜的方法範例包含自秋戶f施加而 在強制乾燥的情形中，當送風等等的速° 表面會乾得較快，而__的抒度太糾、，塗膜的 作為在塗膜的表面與内部，此會“可能破會導致應力 燥較佳係受到例如送風的溫度與速的因素。因此，乾 糖本ίΓ®統包含_率相及反射抑 間“面 在另:表面上。反射抑制雜佳係具有低於透 以形成此種反射抑制層的材料範例包含—種或以上 ，:此，匕物係選自氧化矽、氧化鋁、氧化釔、乳 折射率之氧_等的中空====== 具有從約5nm至約100職之主要粒及、:嫌的祀例包含 隙比的顆粒。反射抑制層的厚度範圍可例如 孔 上述材料可㈣當結合㈣献射抑糖 2=綱1制f可藉由包含下列步驟的方法加m ，粉狀化合物製備分散液；將分散液施加至於其上^ ==讀_崎卜部絲；_咖此_所施200847221 IX. Description of the invention: • [Technical field to which the invention pertains] The present invention is directed to - (four) and its manufacturing method. The present invention relates to a fluorescent lamp having improved brightness and a method of manufacturing the same. [Priority], the secret system is based on and advocates the Japanese patent application transfer 7-7756 〇 藉 参 : : : : : : : : : : 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 其 其 其 其 其The application of the dragon through the electrode will cause (for example) the glass tube to be freed and cause the free rare gas to collide with the electrode, :ΐίί: 253 253*7nm ^ ° for reducing the number of lamps used or the power consumption is now ^ , the glory lamp has been asked to improve the fluorescent illumination from the phosphor "12b. When the light passes through each interface, the total amount of light is two: face 1] = bound, before passing through the transparent tube, the amount of light transmitted through the light Lt and illumination Effective; two liters from the τ ί 劳 in the fluorescent light 』 line caused by the transparent tube: such as ^: == 200847221 ^ Γ. ίί into a lower light transmittance. There are clocks in this inconvenience, I Can: ===3⁄4 cloth the inner surface of the transparent tube, and the low refractive agent is equal to ^^3)., I am difficult to face. If only the low refractive agent is coated with the transparent tube ^ 矣ς =, transparent The official internal table is extremely beneficial. In which number of increases, we can not get the oxygen of the fluorescent sputum, etc. The main particles are spherical or solid t-packages to a particle size of 75 nm; and alumina (patent document illusion; y ya ya 攸 4 〇 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 · · · 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 , the second bulletin of the Gazette: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. 2003-51284 The oxidation of the tube and the enthalpy of the emission from the mercury, as shown in Fig. 6, the conventional fluorescent lamp is turned on right and the transparent layer 13 of the protective layer 14 is protected. Tube u and phosphors use oxidized phantom 4a to resist ultraviolet rays, shape or substantially spherical 'so self-glorious; the surface of the emitted 200847221 is scattered. Therefore, the fluorescence transmittance of fluorescent lamps tends to Reducing the reflection in the protective layer, we can use the flaky oxidized particles as shown in ® 1 to form the protective layer 4, Figure 1 shows the image output through the electron microscope. Five people can find: compared to the use Spherical or substantially spherical oxidized particles & The formation of a conventional protective layer results in a total amount of fluorescence loss of about (10), which provides a reduction in the protection of the fluorescent light loss to 1% of the total amount of fluorescence. Based on this discovery and knowledge, the five productions can reach the cost of the invention. That is, the present invention relates to a fluorescent lamp comprising: a transparent tube, which encloses a rare gas and mercury which generates ultraviolet rays by discharge into a transparent tube, and is disposed at both ends of the transparent tube. Forming on an inner surface of the transparent tube, wherein the refractive index adjusting layer is disposed on at least a surface extending between the surface of the transparent tube and the phosphor layer and at least an outer surface of the transparent tube, and the refractive index adjusting layer contains an average Cerium oxide having a particle diameter of not more than 3 〇〇 nm. Similarly, the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a fluorescent lamp comprising: a rare gas sealed therein and an ultraviolet ray for generating ultraviolet light by discharge; a portion of the nearby electrode and the (four) photo-layer formed on the transparent inner surface, the method comprising applying a dispersion containing flaky cerium oxide having an average diameter larger than that of the fine coffee to the inner surface of the transparent tube and the firefly A surface between the photobody layers and an outer surface of the transparent tube are at least one to form a refractive index adjusting layer. /, the traitor's $News for the self-fluorescent body _ Rongsi is showing 2 good, rate, in order to achieve power _, without increasing the number of types of materials and the number of processing steps while achieving high brightness . It is known that the fluorescent lamp manufacturing method of the present invention can manufacture such a fluorescent lamp at low cost. [Embodiment] A fluorescent lamp according to the present invention is characterized by comprising: a transparent tube in which a person has a gas and a rib to generate ultraviolet rays by discharge; and an electrode disposed adjacent to both end portions of the J; The light body layer is formed on the inner surface of the transparent tube, 7 200847221 The entire layer is disposed on the inner surface rate of the transparent tube / not larger than the lion's diameter and formed by the refracting material, such as _. Any material that can be turned over and has teeth: straight tube shape, curved shape, ring shape 2 open $ column any one of the shapes, the package is transparent __-from the seal ===== ρ, the tube is in two In the vicinity of the end portion, there is a counter electrode, which can discharge the water outside the wire. Such a pole may be a hot electrode or a cold cathode type, and the pole: examples of such a hot electrode include tantalum electrodes each including a tungsten coil coated with an oxide luster material such as a lock or the like. The electric gas will collide with the electrode to cause the glow to be emitted. As the above, the electrons generated by the f can excite the mercury, and the mercury emission = face each other. The pair of electrodes are arranged. The electrode can be cast by _, platinum or the like. When a voltage is applied through the cold cathode type electrode, a small amount of electrons present in the transparent tube collide with the rare gas to make the weak body _. The rare gas ages that are released in this way will collide with the miscellaneous collisions. The electrons generated by the discharge collide with the mercury to excite the mercury atoms, thus causing the mercury atoms to emit ultraviolet rays. The phosphor layer formed on the inner wall of such a transparent tube may contain a phosphor which emits visible light when irradiated with 253.7 nm of ultraviolet light emitted from the recovery atom. Preferably, the phosphor is less susceptible to deterioration by heat and has a poor mercury adsorption capacity. In some cases, high mercury vapor pressure conditions may be maintained for a period of time during illumination of the fluorescent lamp. Even in this case, the young shoots can suppress the deterioration of the transparency of the 2008-0821 caused by the fluorescing. An example of such a phosphor &H2〇3U :Eu; saPfPO )C Tb'EU)MgAll〇°17 ; (Ba'Sr'EuXMg'Mn)Al10O17 ; ϊ έUC emitted by 253.7nm ultraviolet excitation can emit: Sex = the fineness of various visible light in the circle, because of the Qing (in accordance with the invention) (4) New York contains the rate of the cans -=== part of the fine coffee layer _ - ~ on the day of the sun ^ ginseng. For the visible light emitted from the luminous body, the refractive index woven layer on the surface of the surface is set to be higher than the internal empty ΐ::ί:: ΪΓ 率 ' and used to suppress The transparent tube interface is reversed: ϊ = ί For the visible light emitted from the phosphor, the refractive index adjusting layer disposed at the transparent layer has a lower transmittance than the transparent tube, and is used to suppress the light in the transparent tube. The amount of fluorescence reflected by the interface reflection. Such a refractive index layer has an oxidation mark having an average particle diameter of not more than 300 nm. The average particle diameter of oxygen is preferably in the range of from 20 nm to 15 Gnm, and is preferably in the range of ^"! The secret refractive index adjusting layer formed by the iif can reduce the fluorescence of the transparent tube interface, and the particles are preferably flaky. The particle size of the flaky oxidized zone can be defined as a circle diameter whose area is equal to the projected area of the lamella on the plane. Shout ^ this, ί by the diffraction particle size distribution analyzer (丨_女(10)" When forming such a refractive index adjustment layer, the cerium oxide is ground by grinding the following devices, for example: spray: machine 2, glass bead mill祛Specialized. We can use the method including the following steps: Research: Dispersion: An example of a specific dispersion medium for applying a dispersion to a dispersion of a transparent tube: water; for example, wine mashing 9 200847221 and a Organic solvent; to make, Japanese, you. Coating, dipping, spraying, etc. Any of the 'medium': The dry method can be applied to a sample film having a predetermined thickness. In the case of forced drying, when the speed of the air supply, etc., the surface will dry faster, and the twist of the __ is too correct, the coating film acts as the surface and the inside of the coating film, which may "break the meeting." The stress drying is better influenced by, for example, the temperature and speed of the air supply. Therefore, the dry sugar system contains the _ rate phase and the reflection suppression surface on the surface: the reflection suppression is better than the penetration. Examples of materials that form such a reflection inhibiting layer include ,: The sputum is selected from the group consisting of cerium oxide, aluminum oxide, cerium oxide, oxygen of the refractive index of the milk, etc. ====== There are main particles from about 5 nm to about 100, and: Examples of particles comprising a gap ratio. The thickness of the reflection inhibiting layer may range, for example, from the above-mentioned materials. (IV) When combined (4), the anti-sugar 2 can be obtained by adding the m, the powdery compound is used to prepare a dispersion. Applying the dispersion to it ^ == reading _ sakibu silk; _ _ this _
ri吾人可顧㈣絲錄設£並且可雜輸以及產生高辩 =衝^動器型照明電路，作為驅動本發明之螢光燈的昭明J ΐ壓體成型並且含有包含電極預熱電路及 升【電路之蚊齡崎啟動贿明電路作為_電路。吾人 =使用含有高頻換流電路賴流型綱電路作為照，路:斑此 „路-體化的榮光燈可以係屬於球型，此 “ 圍以球狀物包覆的彎曲或屈曲翻f、以及連接至該照明電路= 200847221 具有露出於外部的此種結構類型。 的=本^的螢光燈贱提供縣體而藉由自汞原子所發射 =5可，當抑制透明管界面的螢光反射時可通過=ί; 以顯著增強電燈的亮度。 Β猎 依照製造此觀光燈的綠，吾人將上騎射糊整層以 形成在透明管上。較佳係，製備於其中以溶劑^散螢 3 ’然後#由浸潰、喷灑等等的處理施加至折射率贺 正層或反射抑制層而形成具有預定厚度的塗膜。之五可= 電極設置在透明管的末端部份，然後以各自具有2 之外部引線的套蓋將透明管加以密封等等彳五，接 製造螢光燈。. 了Μ心種方式’吾人可 ，本發明將以示範實施例詳加說明，而這此實施例決非 限制本發明的技術範圍。 一貝也例决非 [示範實施例1] 將具有_nm粒徑的薄片狀氧化紀添加至異丙醇以 ίίΓΓίί,° f 15« = 厚度的折射率 醇 而^具施峰_晴射氧化賴粒添加至乙 分散液旋轉塗佈至納 ίΐΓ 厚射抑制層，然後進行乾燥而產生 又，將與樣品2完全相同的折射率調整声 相同的反射抑制層形成在納玻璃的相對邊上^1元王 uv_2着‘版 比此種方式所獲得之樣品1至3以及作為 匕對樣印之鈉玻璃G的各自透射率。這些結果如圖2所示。 200847221 [示範實施例2] 3。上—_被顯示於圖 明管的相對端加以密封。顯示的密封構件將透 間具有從1 Pa至10 Γ皁能在1燈發光期 其中以具有㈣Tgit_、力祕力，關如躺财氣體被封入 片狀成折射率調整層4。將具有800而粒徑的薄 =，至，醇而製造3質侧分散液。藉由將玻璃| 厚^㈣彳 射，_祕有獅™ 藉由下列方法形成反射抑· 6。將具有從}。胍至2〇咖之 立么的二空^夕顆粒添加至乙醇而製備分散液。藉由浸 /貝將，、有lOOnm#度的反射抑制層形成在透明管的外部表面上。 以如上所述除了不設置折射率調整層4與反射抑制層6 的相同方式製造螢光燈以作為比對樣品。 藉由亮度計裝置(SR-3 : TOPCON CORPORATION的產品）各別量 測以此種方式所獲得之螢光燈從透明f射出的透射光亮度: =例的螢絲亮度係較崎樣品的螢光燈亮度高約6%二通過示 範貫施例之螢光燈的螢光被顯示於圖4。 依照本發_縣燈可有效地被制在具有㈣極或冷陰極 型電極的㈣燈。又，此縣燈可在沒有增加功率消耗的情況下 表現出改善的壳度’並且可以低成本加以製造。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1(a)及1(b)係顯示用於依照本發明之螢光燈之氧化紀的 12Ri 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾 吾[The circuit of the mosquito ages to start bribery circuit as _ circuit. We = use the high-frequency commutation circuit as the illuminating model circuit, the road: the singularity of the road-body glory can be a ball type, this "circle surrounded by a spherical bending or buckling f And connected to the lighting circuit = 200847221 has this type of structure exposed to the outside. The fluorescent lamp of the present = 贱 provides the county body and emits from the mercury atom = 5, when suppressing the fluorescent reflection at the transparent tube interface, it can pass = ί; to significantly enhance the brightness of the lamp. Β According to the green color of the sightseeing light, we will ride the whole layer to form a transparent tube. Preferably, it is prepared by applying a treatment to the refractive index or the reflection suppressing layer by a treatment such as dipping, spraying, or the like to form a coating film having a predetermined thickness. The fifth electrode can be placed at the end of the transparent tube, and then the transparent tube can be sealed with a cover having an external lead of 2, etc., to manufacture a fluorescent lamp. The present invention will be described in detail by way of exemplary embodiments, and this embodiment does not limit the technical scope of the present invention. One example is also not [Exhibit Example 1] A flaky oxidized epoch having a _nm particle size is added to isopropyl alcohol to ίίίί, ° f 15« = thickness of the refractive index alcohol and has a peak _ sunny oxidation The granules are added to the B dispersion and spin-coated to the nano-powder thick-reflection layer, and then dried to produce a reflection-inhibiting layer having the same refractive index adjustment sound as the sample 2 formed on the opposite side of the nano-glass. The 1st king uv_2 has the respective transmittances of the samples 1 to 3 obtained in this way and the soda glass G as the sample. These results are shown in Figure 2. 200847221 [Exhibition Example 2] 3. Upper - _ is shown sealed at the opposite end of the tube. The sealing member is shown to have a permeability of from 1 Pa to 10 Torr. The toner can be enclosed in a sheet-like refractive index adjusting layer 4 in a light-emitting period of one lamp with (4) Tgit_, force, and gas. A three-side dispersion liquid having a thickness of 800 and a particle diameter of ? to the alcohol was produced. By smashing the glass | thick ^ (four), _ secret lion TM forms reflections by the following methods. Will have from}. The second liquid 夕 颗粒 particles of 〇 〇 〇 添加 添加 添加 添加 添加 添加 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 A reflection suppressing layer having a thickness of 100 nm was formed on the outer surface of the transparent tube by dipping/being. A fluorescent lamp was fabricated as a comparative sample in the same manner as described above except that the refractive index adjusting layer 4 and the reflection suppressing layer 6 were not provided. The brightness of the transmitted light emitted from the transparent f by the fluorescent lamp device (SR-3: product of TOPCON CORPORATION) is measured by the brightness meter device (the product of SR-3: TOPCON CORPORATION): The brightness of the light is about 6% high. The fluorescence of the fluorescent lamp of the exemplary embodiment is shown in Fig. 4. According to the present invention, the county lamp can be effectively fabricated in a (four) lamp having a (four) pole or a cold cathode type electrode. Moreover, the county lamp can exhibit improved shellness without increasing power consumption' and can be manufactured at low cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figures 1(a) and 1(b) show the oxidation of the fluorescent lamp used in accordance with the present invention.
200847221 電子顯微照片，· 制層之圖透刻棘㈣^光财之㈣率輕層與反射抑 光燈的'結構;二:1 τ作為_本發日狀*絲之-範例之直管螢 圖；圖4铜喊縣剌之縣紅—制的義螢光剖視 及 【主要元件符號說明】 1螢光燈 2透明管 3螢光體層 4折射率調整層 5電極 6 反射抑制層 Π 習知螢光燈 12透明管 12a 内部界面 12b外部界面 13螢光體層 14保護層 14a 氧化釔 13200847221 Electron micrograph, · The picture of the layer is transparent (4) ^ The light of the (four) light layer and the reflection of the 'light structure'; two: 1 τ as _ this hair day * silk - the straight tube of the example Figure 4: 喊 剌 县 county 铜 县 县 红 红 红 及 及 及 及 及 及 及 及 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Conventional fluorescent lamp 12 transparent tube 12a internal interface 12b external interface 13 phosphor layer 14 protective layer 14a yttrium oxide 13