200807794 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種粉末燃料雷、、Λ么 7十電池糸統，特別是指一種具有 低成本、能量密度高、高效率，可 卞 J以減少重量及能源使用量的 粉末燃料電池 【先前技術】 為將化學能轉換為電能及再轉換回去之能力，已為人熟 知’然而—些應用如電動車，則對高能量密度、高能量變換效 率、低成本、長週期生命安全性、方便性及環境效應，都是生 產時，對於許多制之電池需加人考量的因素，在—般情況下， 則會增加-般電池組成重量及體積，因此建構可操作、安全方 便的商業化實用電池時很難達到的。 燃料電池係電化學震置，其中化學反應之部分能量，則會 直接轉化成直流電能量。能量之直接轉化成直流電能量消除了 轉化$2：至熱的需求’因而避免產生卡諾循環效應限制，如沒 有卡諾循環效應之限制，理論上燃料電池效率比傳統能源產生 敦置（如内燃機）高至2倍至3倍。 而燃料電池係依燃料分類為： (a)氣體燃料電池（氫、-氧化碳、氣體碳化氫）。 (b )液體燃料電池（醇、搭、、碳化氮、化學化 合物）。 (c)固體燃料電池（煤碳、木碳、焦碳、金屬片）。 200807794 口近年來能源短缺和溫室效應，以及對乾淨能源高效能需 求或用於運輸或電力負荷，獨立電源急切的需求，促使了對 新的電化學電池之顯著研究，典型的燃料電池係聚合物的電解 質離子隔膜(PEM)，其以離子交換聚合物膜為主，作為一種電解 貝々離子父換膜。離子隔膜係夹在陽極與陰極這兩個氣體擴散 電極之間，氣體擴散電極係暴露於個自的反應還原劑與氧化劑 氣體。 故當電化學反應發生時，則於兩個接點（三相介面）間之 每一個接點，均為電極之一電解質聚化物與反應物氣體之界 面，例如當氧氣為氧化劑氣體，而氫氣為還原劑氣體時，則氫 氣係供應給陽極，而氧氣供應給陰極。 k個總化學反應為2H2+〇2 — >2H2〇，在貴金屬催化劑位 置上發生的電化學反應係如下所示··200807794 IX. INSTRUCTIONS: [Technical field of the invention] The present invention relates to a powder fuel mine, a battery system, and particularly a low cost, high energy density, high efficiency, and Powder fuel cell with reduced weight and energy usage [Prior Art] It is well known to convert chemical energy into electrical energy and convert it back. However, some applications such as electric vehicles have high energy density and high energy conversion. Efficiency, low cost, long-term life safety, convenience and environmental effects are all factors that need to be considered for many batteries during production. In general, they will increase the weight and volume of the battery. Therefore, it is difficult to achieve commercial, practical and practical batteries that are operable, safe and convenient. The fuel cell is electrochemically vibrated, and part of the energy of the chemical reaction is directly converted into direct current energy. The direct conversion of energy into DC energy eliminates the need to convert $2: to heat' and thus avoids the limitation of the Carnot cycle effect. Without the limitation of the Carnot cycle effect, the fuel cell efficiency is theoretically better than that of conventional energy sources (such as internal combustion engines). Up to 2x to 3x. Fuel cells are classified according to fuel: (a) Gas fuel cells (hydrogen, carbon monoxide, gaseous hydrocarbon). (b) Liquid fuel cells (alcohols, argon, nitrogen carbides, chemical compounds). (c) Solid fuel cells (coal, wood, coke, metal flakes). 200807794 In recent years, energy shortages and greenhouse effects, as well as high-efficiency demand for clean energy or for transportation or electrical loads, the need for independent power supply eagerness has led to significant research on new electrochemical cells, typical fuel cell polymers Electrolyte ion membrane (PEM), which is mainly composed of an ion exchange polymer membrane, is used as a parent membrane for electrolysis of beryllium ions. The ion membrane is sandwiched between two anodes and a cathode of the gas diffusion electrode, and the gas diffusion electrode is exposed to a reaction reducing agent and an oxidant gas. Therefore, when an electrochemical reaction occurs, each junction between the two junctions (three-phase interface) is the interface between the electrolyte polymer and the reactant gas, for example, when oxygen is the oxidant gas and hydrogen In the case of a reducing agent gas, hydrogen is supplied to the anode, and oxygen is supplied to the cathode. The k total chemical reactions are 2H2+〇2 — > 2H2〇, and the electrochemical reaction occurring at the noble metal catalyst position is as follows...
% 極反應· 2H2 — > 4H + 4e —E1/2 = 0.828 V 陰極反應：02+4H+++4e—— 40ΗΕ1/2=〇·4〇ιν 這是目前市面上所熟悉的各種氫氧燃料電池，技術上也已 臻成熟，但仍然無法取代現今的内燃機，因有以下的缺點： 1·價格咼··因需使用高價位離子隔膜。電極觸媒必須使用 到高價之貴金屬，如··鉑、釘。 2·能量密度低：理論上一公斤的儲氫材料，只約15WT%， 價格昂貴或採用高壓氫或液態氫，能源密度更低。 6 200807794 3·安全性：很危險，氫氣燃燒速度快，易燃易爆。 4. 能源效率低：只有3〇%〜6〇%的效率。 5. 方便性：不管是高壓氫歧態氫或金屬儲氫材料，於儲 氫與釋氫過程中都要適當的熱管理。因此沒有汽油快、 方便、用多少補多少之優點。 以上5項是燃料電池實用化最大困難。況且高純度的氣氣 製造也困難（不純的氳氣會毒化電極），所以氫氣的價格會比石油 貴上好幾倍。 為改善這些問題，近年來有科學家提出液態燃料電池為— 種化學化合物：如氫硼化鈉為其反應為：% pole reaction · 2H2 — > 4H + 4e —E1/2 = 0.828 V Cathodic reaction: 02+4H+++4e——40ΗΕ1/2=〇·4〇ιν This is the various hydrogen and oxygen currently familiar on the market. Fuel cells are technically mature, but they still cannot replace today's internal combustion engines because of the following shortcomings: 1. Price 咼·· Due to the need to use high-priced ion separators. Electrode catalysts must be used with expensive noble metals such as platinum and nails. 2. Low energy density: Theoretically, one kilogram of hydrogen storage material is only about 15 WT%, expensive or using high-pressure hydrogen or liquid hydrogen, and the energy density is lower. 6 200807794 3·Safety: Very dangerous, hydrogen burning fast, flammable and explosive. 4. Low energy efficiency: only 3〇%~6〇% efficiency. 5. Convenience: Regardless of whether it is a high-pressure hydrogen-discriminated hydrogen or a metal hydrogen storage material, proper thermal management is required in the process of hydrogen storage and hydrogen release. Therefore, there is no advantage that gasoline is fast, convenient, and how much to use. The above five items are the biggest difficulty in the practical use of fuel cells. Moreover, the production of high-purity gas is also difficult (impurity of helium will poison the electrode), so the price of hydrogen will be several times more expensive than oil. In order to improve these problems, in recent years, scientists have proposed liquid fuel cells as a chemical compound: such as sodium borohydride for its reaction:
陽極反應：ΒΗΓ + 80Η—~>B02+6H2〇+8eEi/2= i 24V 陰極反應：2〇2 十 4H20+8e-—8011飞1/2=〇4〇1\" 加起來為：ΒΗ4 + 202->802+Η20~>Ε()=ι·64ν 此化合物正極溶於強鹼，負極溶於強酸，雖可解決儲存及 能源密度之問題，但能源無法完全消耗，跟一般電池一樣會殘 留10%〜20%無法轉換。因其化合物很容易受到空氣影塑而氧 化污染釋出氫氣’故為避免自我放電必須使用昂貴離子隔膜 (ΡΕΜ)及稀有金屬’在安全上於重新添加燃料其間，化合物可能 漏出及污染環境，或因強鹼、強酸補充時易造成使用者傷宝， 如有洩漏則易造成危險，在其技術上也尚未成熟。 另有金屬空氣燃料電池，係以電池可以藉由在一電池中以 7 200807794 -適當的電解液’以將—反應金屬電極電化科合到—空氣電 極，如同在該技術領域中所熟知的，該電解液為一般苛性液體 或氯化鈉，其_子導性但料電性；取，线陰極都是片 狀的形成，並且具有相反的表面以各料暴露在—電池的電解 液及大氣之中’在其中（電池運作期間）大氣中的氧氣會分解，同 0才陽極的金屬會進打氧化，因而提供—適當的電流流經連接陽 極以及陰極料部電路。並且—定與用於外部電路之導電先件 合併。 而辞金屬空氣燃料電池其反應式如下： % 〇2+Η2〇+2^α20Η—0—0.401 V 陰極起電反應 Zn+20H4Zn〇+H2〇+2e — -1.245V 陽極起電反應 /2 〇2 + Zn= ZnO— 1.645V 理論起電力 實際開路電壓約h5V，其可氧化之金屬材料包括鋅、鐵、 鎮、鈣、錫、紹、鋰及合金，且可以為金屬或其氧化物存在。 在現今所使用的商業金屬空氣電池中，雖然價格低，但體 積龐大，能源密度小，補充電力需更換整顆電池或充電，每次 使用無法完全消耗，都會剩下10。/。〜20%未氧化，浪費電力，影 響效率極為不方便，況且金屬空氣燃料電池之另一障礙為空氣 (乳化劑）及熱之管理與金屬之固有體積膨脹，鋅電極之膨脹為金 屬鋅氧化成為氧化辞與氫氧化鋅之體積差異而發生，因鋅粉比 重為7· 14，氧化鋅比重為5 〇6，因比重不同，因此鋅粉在進行 8 200807794 氧化後體積會膨脹，產生電解液溢流及陽極之彎曲係由金屬鋅 氧化之體積變化而造成；金屬空氣燃料電池之再一障礙為陽極 變質產生之電池失效，不均勻放電會降低電池之輸出動力，所 以要取代汽油很難。 如圖一與圖二所示，為習知典型金屬片燃料電池或顆粒燃 料電池串聯組裝後所會面臨，如：風流管理、熱管理、金屬澎 漲、電解液溢流洩漏的問題因而衍生眾多專利，如美國專利申 請號·· 60/340,592、60/380,048、60/387,355、60/285,850、 60/384, 547、60/384, 550、60/391，860、60/340, 592、60/389, 82卜 60/386, 121、60/326, 432、60/346, 128、09/805, 419、09/621，836、 09/893, 163、60/288, 675、60/292, 237、09/258, 573、09/584, 875、 60/301，558、60/312, 659、09/695, 698、09/695, 699、60/290, 945、 60/286, 199、09/594, 649、09/414, 874、60/275, 786、09/695, 697、 60/358, 229、60/274, 337、09/827, 982、60/344, 546、60/324, 867、 60/340, 697、60/298, 537、60/295, 634、60/267, 819、60/286, 198、 60/263, 174、60/270,952、60/267,933、60/261，126 在這些都有提 到上述的問題，在本發明中可一併解決這些問題，相當實用化。 【發明内容】 本發明之目的即在於提供一種可有效解決燃料電池風流管 理、熱管理、金屬澎漲、電解液溢流與洩漏之粉末燃料電池。 本發明之次一目的係在於提供一種可直接利用粉粒狀燃料 9 200807794 補充進入燃料室，Α 鱼屬虱化物混合電解液，接觸電流收集哭 以提供電力之粉末燃㈣池系統。 源 本發明之另—目的係在於提供一種操作更簡單’電池常溫 即可運作’且高能量密度、高效率、低成本、耐長久 性、方便性、高環保及容易輯、電力轉換儲存且具移動性電 水久性獨立電源之粉末燃㈣池系統。 °達成上述’$明目的之粉末燃料電池系統，包括有： 電流收集器，由導電材料構成，供收集電子傳導； 燃枓室’提供純狀簡儲存空間，以進行電池氧化反應； /孔性隔膜，其提供燃料經反應後之氧化物通過，並阻隔 未匕反應之燃料’其開設有複數個孔洞，而氧化物則由此孔洞 進行通過至後述之電解液室； 電解液至，提供電解液儲存空間得以傳導離子，以及提供 經反應後氧化物收集空間； 氣體擴政電極，其至少一側面形成供氧化劑之進出催化， 以取得電子及離子傳導。 【實施方式】 明參閱圖二’本發明所提供之粉末燃料電池系統其組合上 視圖，主要包括有：該電流收集器丨，由導電材料構成，供收集 電子傳導，該燃料室2，提供粉粒狀燃料A儲存空間，以進行電 池氧化反應；該多孔性隔膜3,其提供粉粒狀燃料A經反應後之 200807794 子，以及提供經反應後氧化物β 極5,其至少一側面形成供氧化劑 子傳導。 氧化物B通過，並阻隔未經反應之粉粒，其多孔性隔膜 3設置有複數個孔洞’而氧化物6則由此孔洞進行通過至後述之 電解液室4;該電解液室4，提供電解液w存空間得以傳導離 收集空間；以及該氣體擴散電 之進出催化，以取得電子及離 為更詳盡說明本發明，請再參閱圖四、圖五與圖六，該電 流收集器1可為板材，並由導電材料構成，供收集電子傳導， 該導電材料包含銅、亞鐵金屬、不銹鋼、_、碳、電導性聚合 物（導電橡膠）、電導性材皙、s ^ 柯冑石墨、玻璃、金屬，但不限於此； 而熟習此項技藝者能決定其他材料，均可被使用。 該燃料室2，提供錄㈣料A儲存空間，以進行電池氧化 反應’該燃料室2為絕緣材料所成型第—框體，其頂端部分或 一端面係被架構成允許粉粒狀燃料A通過，且在該燃料室2頂 端或-端面至少開設一開口 21而相連，該燃料室2之第_框 體’可硬體也為彈性體之軟性材料，可通過超音波焊接、或經 塗佈粘著劑、或經壓縮成為密封第一框體，其能防止電解液c 漁漏’此為可熟習此項技藝者能明瞭技術，但並非用以限制。 該多孔性隨3,其形成有複數個孔洞，提供_狀燃料a 經反應後之氧化物B通過多孔性隔膜3，並阻隔未經反應之粉粒 狀燃料A ’該孔洞之孔徑最好為3〜·mi⑽n間，但並非用以限 200807794 制，視粉粒狀燃料A大小而定（一般金屬粉末體積為3〜5mcr〇n 以上）也可以經加工為5micr〇n以上，該粉粒狀燃料A 一但經 過反應氧化後，其氧化物B之粉末粒徑為〇· 8micr⑽以下，因 此經電解液C流通或振動多孔性隔膜3時，可使氧化物B通過 孔洞，而粉粒狀燃料A會被多孔性隔膜3阻止未通過，因金屬 之粉粒狀燃料A很容易氧化，因此能使新的粉粒狀燃料a得以 由燃料至2頂端開口 21繼續進行補充放電，因習用金屬片空氣 電極無法排出氧化物’容易在其表面生成氧化物薄膜，成為不 動悲產生壓降影響放電效率。本發明其粉粒狀燃料A之生成物 為奈米級氧化物B易溶於電解液c而通過多孔性隔膜3,隨著電 解液c抽出、然後再補送新的粉粒狀燃_ A，不僅可以繼續放電 也無法殘留燃料，也不會因金屬之粉粒狀燃料A體積的膨騰， 造成陽極與陰極間之_不平均而使效㈣低，或電解液c溢 流與電池結構的損傷之問題發生； 其中，該多孔性隔膜3其可為編織網、沖孔網、拉伸網、 夕孔性陶t單獨構成，可塗佈枯著劑披覆固定在塑類、礦物類、 ㈣之絕緣硬體所成形之第—框架31上，或在模具内與第一框 条31澆注成型，或經壓出/射出與第一框架31 一體成型，此為 可沾白此項技藝者能明瞭技術，但並非用以限制，·而本發明之 夕孔性隔膜3在大型化構件中亦可再增加強度，其可採取二層 不同孔洞材料，第一層為上述3〜2〇〇micr〇n之孔洞，另一層為 12 200807794 200micron以上的大孔洞，為勃羽 ”、、…、白此項技藝者能決定之孔洞尺 寸，均可被使用，並非用以限制。 電解液室4,提供電解液「蚀六 之L儲存空間得以傳導離子，以及提 供經反應後氧化物B收集空間，令雷/ °亥電解液室4為一絕緣材料所 成型第二框體，該第二框體可硬體也為彈性體之軟性材料，可 通過超音波焊接、或經塗佈枯著劑、或經壓縮成為密封而成， 其月b防止電解液C Ά漏，此為可孰羽卜 与J減白此項技藝者能明瞭技術， 但並非用以限制； 其電解液室4頂端部分或一端面係被架構成允許水電解液 C與非水電解液C通過，且在該電解液室4頂端或―端面至少開 設-補充口41而相連，而該電解液室4底端或_端面部分另被 架構成允許電解液C循環出口及氧化物㈠非出口之循環排出口 42 〇 該氣體擴散電極5，係形成固定於第二框架51，具有一氣 體入口 52及一氣體出口 53,且其至少一側面形成供氧化劑進： 催化之複數氣體流道54,使其氣體流道54<間形成擴散區域， 該氣體流道54並以一預定之間隔距離設置或依—固定間隔距離 排列，而该氣體流道54則與該氣體入口 52及該氣體出口 μ連 接’其中該氣體人口 52及該氣體出σ 53以不相鄰的兩頂點對 角線設置，使氧化劑從該氣體入口 52經由任_氣體流道54至 氣體出口 5 3日守’均能等距從氣體入口 5 2流動至氣體出口 5 3 13 200807794 以使乳化劑均勾擴散面積，因流體之氧化劑於流動時是走最近 、 $使氧化劑擴散需做設計管理，進而使氧化劑及氣體 擴散電極增加接觸面積； 本發明氣體擴散電極面對電解液面其操作上，擴散電極可 何4知或未知氣體擴散電極5，通常包含一活性構件及一 碳基板與合適連接電流收集器1，該氣體擴散電極5亦可具雙功 能性，例如多孔性鎳極或石墨或在碳基板表面披覆-層多孔性 鎳孔基板，其能在放電與在充電之間運轉，基板典型的氣體擴 政電極5揭示在美國專利號6, 368, 751中發表，名稱：燃料電 池用之電化學電池，此為可熟習此項技藝者能明瞭技術，但並 非用以限制； 如圖六所不，氣體擴散電極5面對電解液c操作上不必彼 覆絕緣隔膜56，為防止補充系統故障，防止氧化物b囤積於氣 體擴政電極5而直接接觸發生短路，亦能繼續放電直到維修站， 或小型3C電子產品或電動腳踏車，其設計不採用自動循環補充 系、、充而採用人工進行補充，也需要披覆至少一層絕緣隔膜56 以防止短路，此絕緣隔膜56可為此為塑類、玻璃纖維類、礦物 類之織物、不織布、拉伸膜、固體電解質隔膜、固體離子隔膜、 離子隔膜、高分子隔膜均可使用，此為可熟習此項技藝者能明 瞭技術，但並非用以限制。 如圖七與圖八所示，為本發明次一實施例之示意圖，其中 200807794 該氣體流道54另可自由選擇以凸柱55(或導電凸柱55”）依間 隔距離所設置形成之氣體流道54,該凸柱55(或導電凸柱55”） 可為單數可為複數，可以為導電體或不導電體，但至少有一凸 ，55為導電材料，以免去外部導線連接，同時具有氧化劑風流 官理之功能，其氣體流道54被設計成等寬、等深以及等距使 氧化劑更均句分佈在氣體擴散電極5每―地方，以提升氣體擴 散電極5使用效率。 本發明之氣體擴散電極5構件更如圖五與圖六所示，其於 氣體入σ 52及4 /氣體出口 53以不相鄰的兩頂點對角線設置， 使氧化劑從該氣體入口 52經由任一氣體流道54至氣體出口 Μ 時，均能等距（相等的距離）從氣體入口 52流動至氣體出口 53, 且該氣體流道54之反面，其另可披覆_層絕緣隔膜56以防止 短路，此隔膜可為塑類、玻璃纖維類、紙、織物、不織布，拉 伸膜，此為熟習此項技藝者能明瞭技術，但並非用以限制。 請再參閱圖九至圖十，為本發明另一種實施例之人工補充 粉末燃料電池系統實施例之示意圖，主要包括有：該電流收集 恭1 ,该燃料室2，為固定於絕緣材料所成型之框體7，設有一 開口 21，该多孔性隔膜3 ;該電解液室4，為固定於絕緣材料所 成型之框體7,設有補充口 4卜排出口 43與一排氣元件44,該 排氣元件44其内貫穿有通氣孔441，而該通氣孔441中更設置 有一通氣濾網442,該通氣濾網442為透氣疏水性，但不透水的 15 200807794 拉伸膜或奈米級不織布透氣膜；以及該氣體擴散電極5。 該人工補充粉末燃料電池系統，又如圖十一至圖十四所 不’其與上述構件之差異在於該氣體擴散電極5形成於第二框 架51上’其至少一側面形成供氧化劑進出催化之複數氣體流道 54 ’該側面並於第二框架51上構成一氣體入口 52及一氣體出 口 53 ’而於氣體流道54之反面披覆有一層絕緣隔膜56。 請再參閱圖十五所示，其為複數粉末燃料電池所構成之人 工補充粉末燃料電池系統，如圖所示該燃料電池之側邊可顯現 有氣體入口 52或氣體出口 53,且該系統之頂端可加設有燃料補 充盒8 ,該燃料補充盒8則設置有可活動掀開之上蓋81、補充 燃料區82以及電解液溢流緩衝區83，該補充燃料區犯提供補 充粕粒狀燃料A或經由粉末燃料室2之開口 21，將粉粒狀燃料 A補充進入燃料室2;該電解液溢流緩衝區83設置於電解液室& 其上端，且該電解液室4頂端至少開設一補充口 41而相連於電 解液溢流緩衝區83,而電解液溢流緩衝區83則再設有排氣元件 44，或與該補充燃料區82其間設有排氣元件44，該電解液室4 底端部分則被架構成允許電解液C及氧化物b排出之排出口 43 ;且該系統底部則可另加設氧化物β與電解液c之收集盒9， 該收集盒9可採用抽取式或活動式之構造，方便氧化物β與電 解液C回收用，而該粉粒狀燃料a與電解液（^之補充，。 另一J·""加 δ又燃料感應债測器6 0 6與5亥電解液感應偵測器6 〇 7判定。 16 200807794 請再參閱圖十六，為本發明又一種實施例之人工補充粉末 燃料電池系統實施例之示意圖，主要包括有：該電流收集器1 ; 该燃料電解液室2”，為供粉粒狀燃料a與電解液c混合後之儲 存空間，其設有補充口 21”、排出口 23”與一排氣元件44，該排 氣元件44其内貫穿有通氣孔441，而該通氣孔441中更設置有 一通氣濾網442，該通氣濾網442為透氣疏水性，但不透水的拉 伸膜或奈米級不織布透氣膜；該氣體擴散電極5，係批覆一層絕 緣隔膜56,以防短路；以及該框體7，其底部彼覆有一層多孔 性隔膜71，該多孔性隔膜71可通過氧化物B提供至收集盒卜 請參閱圖十七所示，本系統也可以設計與圖十五與圖二十一之 率統相同功效，於該系統之頂端可加設有燃料補充盒8以及電 解液溢流緩衝區83,而底部另可加設收集盒9，以供粉粒狀燃 料A與電解液c補充與回收。 如圖十八與圖十九所示，為本發明又一實施例之示意圖， 包括有：電流收集框體2，，設有氣體人口 21，、氣 體出口心該氣體擴散電極3，，係形成固定於第_框架31，， 設有氣體流道34，，該翁鹗、、&、苦〇 JL斤 、4 。亥逸璁34，由氣體入口 32，、氣體出口 料接；該第-框體4，，設有一補充口 41，及一循環排出口 42，，該多孔性隔膜5，，係形成固定於第二框架51，；該第二框 體6”設有一開口 61，。本發明利用電流收集器Γ、第—框"，、 氣體擴散電極3,、第二框體4’、多孔性隔膜5,、及第三框體6, 17 200807794 組成一個單元 池〇 如此可以串聯組成數個單元形成所 需之燃料電 "本發明之電流收集器卜第一框體2，、氣體擴散電極3，、 弟—框體4，、多孔性隔膜5，、第三框體6，及另—電流收集器厂 依序好後，利用呈薄片狀或爲平狀的第—框體2，、第二框體 4’、第三框體6’可以使電流收集器i，、氣體擴散電極3，、多孔 性隔膜5’以及另一電流收集器!，間形成一定之空間，分別作為 氣體流道34’、電解液室及粉末燃料室；其電解液室之補充口 41’，被架構成允許電解液c通過’而該電解液室底端之循環排 出口 42’，被架構成允許電解液c循環出口及氧化物_出口； 而該粉末燃料室頂端所開設—開σ 61，，被架構成允許粉粒狀燃 料Α通過之補充流道。 另外，該電流收集器1，與氣體擴散電極3,相對向之表面側 另設有凸柱35,（或導電凸柱35，，）、該凸柱35,（或導電凸柱35，，) 可以作緊密接觸於氣體擴散電極3,後一體成型，或該凸柱35, 可於電流收集器1，一體成型，以形成同一導體免去外部導線而 直接連接陰極、陽極以形成一電路迴路，而其二凸柱，相間隔 之空間形成一氣體流道34,，氣體流道34,並與氣體入口 32,、 氣體出口 33’連接空氣及排放空氣；該氣體擴散電極3,更如圖十 八所示，以間隔距離設置氣體流道34,，該氣體流道34,並與該 氣體入口 32,及該氣體出口 33,連接；或如圖十九之次一實施 18 200807794 例，於該氣體擴散電極3,其氣體流道34,之反面，披覆有一層絕 緣隔膜36’以防止短路；或如圖二十與圖二十一之另一實施例 該氣體流道34,另可自由選擇以凸柱35,（或導電凸柱35，，）依間 隔距離所設置形成之氣體流道34，，該凸柱35，（或導電凸柱35，， 可為單數可為複數，可以為導電體或不導電體，但至少有—凸 柱35’為導電材料。 氣體擴散電極3,與多孔性隔膜5,利用第二框體4，於其間形 成電解液室，供電解液c儲存及氧化物6收#，該第二框體4, 設置之補充口 41，可供置入電解液c，而循環排出口 42,作為電 解液C循環出口與氧化物b之排出口。 多孔性隔臈5,與另-電流收集器i，利用第三框㈣，於其間 形成粉末燃料室，作為燃料儲存空間，並利用第三框體6，之開 口 61 ’作為粉粒狀燃料a補充之入口。 該多孔性隔膜5,其能單獨構成；或可將隔膜51，披覆在一絕 緣之第二框體4,上，或將隔膜51，在模具内紐成型，或將隔膜 51’經壓出/射出-體成型；或可披覆在—絕緣之第二框體4,上 後，再與第三框體6,以壓製、燒結或其他黏著劑黏結而成此 為可熟習此項技藝者能明瞭技術，但並非用以限制。 圖十一所不’為本發明粉末燃料電池其補充循環系統 之示意圖。本發明之燃料電池’如上述金屬空氣燃料電池的起 電公式，該金屬粉末燃_ 6G1内之粉粒狀燃料a與電解液儲 19 200807794Anode reaction: ΒΗΓ + 80Η-~>B02+6H2〇+8eEi/2= i 24V Cathodic reaction: 2〇2 十4H20+8e-—8011 fly 1/2=〇4〇1\" Add up to: ΒΗ4 + 202->802+Η20~>Ε()=ι·64ν The positive electrode of this compound is soluble in strong alkali, and the negative electrode is soluble in strong acid. Although it can solve the problem of storage and energy density, energy cannot be completely consumed. The battery will remain 10%~20% and cannot be converted. Because the compound is easily affected by air shadowing and oxidizes and releases hydrogen, so in order to avoid self-discharge, expensive ion separators (ΡΕΜ) and rare metals must be used. In safety, when the fuel is re-added, the compound may leak out and pollute the environment, or Due to the strong base and strong acid supplement, it is easy to cause damage to the user. If there is a leak, it is easy to cause danger, and its technology is not yet mature. In addition, a metal air fuel cell can be electrically connected to the air electrode by a battery in a battery with 7 200807794 - a suitable electrolyte ', as is well known in the art. The electrolyte is a general caustic liquid or sodium chloride, and its conductivity is electrical; the wire cathode is formed in a sheet form, and has opposite surfaces to expose the materials to the electrolyte and atmosphere of the battery. Among them, 'the oxygen in the atmosphere will be decomposed during the operation of the battery, and the metal of the anode will be oxidized, thus providing a suitable current to flow through the connecting anode and cathode circuit. And - combined with the conductive components for external circuits. The reaction formula of the metal air fuel cell is as follows: % 〇2+Η2〇+2^α20Η—0—0.401 V Cathodic electrification reaction Zn+20H4Zn〇+H2〇+2e — -1.245V Anode electrification reaction/2 〇 2 + Zn= ZnO— 1.645V The actual open circuit voltage of the power is about h5V. The oxidizable metal materials include zinc, iron, town, calcium, tin, sulphur, lithium and alloy, and may be metal or its oxide. In the commercial metal air battery used today, although the price is low, the volume is large, the energy density is small, and the supplementary power needs to be replaced with a whole battery or charged, and 10 is left for each use. /. ~20% is not oxidized, which wastes power, which is extremely inconvenient to affect efficiency. Moreover, another obstacle of metal air fuel cells is the management of air (emulsifier) and heat and the inherent volume expansion of metal. The expansion of zinc electrode is the oxidation of metal zinc. The difference between the oxidation word and the volume of zinc hydroxide occurs because the specific gravity of the zinc powder is 7.4, and the specific gravity of the zinc oxide is 5 〇6. Because of the different specific gravity, the zinc powder expands after the oxidation of 8 200807794, resulting in electrolyte overflow. The bending of the flow and the anode is caused by the volume change of the metal zinc oxidation; another obstacle of the metal air fuel cell is the battery failure caused by the anode deterioration, and the uneven discharge will reduce the output power of the battery, so it is difficult to replace the gasoline. As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the conventional metal flake fuel cell or particulate fuel cell is assembled in series, such as: wind flow management, thermal management, metal ups, and electrolyte overflow leakage. Patents such as U.S. Patent Application No. 60/340,592, 60/380,048, 60/387,355, 60/285,850, 60/384, 547, 60/384, 550, 60/391, 860, 60/340, 592, 60 /389, 82b 60/386, 121, 60/326, 432, 60/346, 128, 09/805, 419, 09/621, 836, 09/893, 163, 60/288, 675, 60/292 , 237, 09/258, 573, 09/584, 875, 60/301, 558, 60/312, 659, 09/695, 698, 09/695, 699, 60/290, 945, 60/286, 199 , 09/594, 649, 09/414, 874, 60/275, 786, 09/695, 697, 60/358, 229, 60/274, 337, 09/827, 982, 60/344, 546, 60 /324, 867, 60/340, 697, 60/298, 537, 60/295, 634, 60/267, 819, 60/286, 198, 60/263, 174, 60/270, 952, 60/267, 933, 60 /261,126 There are mentioned above problems in these, and these problems can be solved together in the present invention, and are quite practical. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a powder fuel cell that can effectively solve the problem of fuel cell airflow management, thermal management, metal swelling, electrolyte overflow and leakage. A second object of the present invention is to provide a powder-fired (four) pool system that can directly utilize the powdered fuel 9 200807794 to be added to the fuel chamber, the salmon mash compound electrolyte, and the contact current collection to cry to provide electricity. The other object of the present invention is to provide a simpler operation 'battery can operate at normal temperature' and high energy density, high efficiency, low cost, long-term durability, convenience, high environmental protection and easy to edit, power conversion storage and Powdered (four) pool system for mobile electro-hydraulic independent power supply. ° Achieving the above-mentioned '$Minimum powder fuel cell system, including: current collector, made of conductive material for collecting electron conduction; combustion chamber' provides pure storage space for battery oxidation reaction; a separator, which provides a fuel through which the reacted oxide passes, and blocks the unreacted fuel from opening a plurality of pores, and the oxide passes through the pores to an electrolyte chamber to be described later; The liquid storage space is capable of conducting ions and providing a post-reaction oxide collection space; and the gas diffusion electrode has at least one side formed to be catalyzed by the oxidant for electron and ion conduction. [Embodiment] Referring to Figure 2, a combination view of a powder fuel cell system provided by the present invention mainly includes: the current collector 丨, which is made of a conductive material for collecting electron conduction, the fuel chamber 2, providing powder a granular fuel A storage space for performing a battery oxidation reaction; the porous separator 3, which provides 200807794 of the powdery fuel A after reaction, and a post-reaction oxide β pole 5, at least one side thereof being formed Oxidant conduction. The oxide B passes through and blocks the unreacted powder particles, and the porous separator 3 is provided with a plurality of pores ' and the oxide 6 passes through the pores to the electrolyte chamber 4 to be described later; the electrolyte chamber 4 provides The present invention is described in more detail in the electrolyte storage space, and the gas diffusion and the ingress and exit catalysis to obtain electrons and ions. Referring to FIG. 4, FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, the current collector 1 can be a sheet material composed of a conductive material for collecting electron conduction, the conductive material comprising copper, ferrous metal, stainless steel, _, carbon, electrically conductive polymer (conductive rubber), electrically conductive material 皙, s ^ 胄 胄 graphite, Glass, metal, but not limited to this; and those skilled in the art can decide other materials can be used. The fuel chamber 2 is provided with a (four) material A storage space for performing a battery oxidation reaction. The fuel chamber 2 is a first frame formed of an insulating material, and the top end portion or the end surface thereof is framed to allow the powdery fuel A to pass. And at least one opening 21 is connected to the top end or the end surface of the fuel chamber 2, and the first body of the fuel chamber 2 can be a soft material of an elastomer, which can be ultrasonically welded or coated. The adhesive, or compressed to form a sealed first frame, which prevents leakage of the electrolyte c, is well understood by those skilled in the art, but is not intended to be limiting. The porosity is in accordance with 3, and a plurality of pores are formed to provide the oxide B after the reaction, and the oxide B of the reaction is passed through the porous separator 3, and the unreacted powdery granular fuel A is blocked. 3~·mi(10)n, but not limited to 200807794, depending on the size of the granular fuel A (generally metal powder volume is 3~5mcr〇n or more), it can be processed to 5micr〇n or more. After the fuel A is oxidized by the reaction, the particle size of the oxide B is 〇·8 micr (10) or less. Therefore, when the electrolyte C flows or vibrates the porous separator 3, the oxide B can pass through the pores, and the granular granule fuel A is prevented from being passed by the porous separator 3, since the metal powdery granular fuel A is easily oxidized, so that the new powdery granular fuel a can be continuously replenished from the fuel to the top end opening 21 due to the use of the metal sheet. The air electrode cannot discharge the oxide', and an oxide film is easily formed on the surface thereof, which causes a pressure drop to affect the discharge efficiency. The product of the powdery granular fuel A of the present invention is such that the nano-sized oxide B is easily dissolved in the electrolytic solution c and passes through the porous separator 3, and is extracted with the electrolytic solution c, and then replenished with new powdery granules. Not only can the battery continue to be discharged, but also the fuel cannot be left, and the volume of the granular fuel A of the metal powder is not swelled, resulting in an unevenness between the anode and the cathode, and the effect is low (iv), or the electrolyte c overflows and the battery structure. The problem of damage occurs; wherein the porous membrane 3 can be composed of a woven mesh, a punched mesh, a stretched mesh, and a porphyritic ceramic, which can be coated with a coating agent and fixed in plastics and minerals, (4) The first frame 31 formed by the insulating hardware is cast or molded in the mold with the first frame strip 31, or is integrally formed by extrusion/ejection with the first frame 31, which is capable of being whitened by the skilled person. The technology is understood, but it is not intended to be limiting, and the etching membrane 3 of the present invention can further increase the strength in the large-sized member, which can take two layers of different pore materials, and the first layer is the above 3~2〇〇micr The hole in the 〇n, the other layer is a large hole above 12 200807794 200micron, The size of the hole that can be determined by the artist, can be used, not for limitation. The electrolyte chamber 4 provides the electrolyte "the etched six L storage space to conduct ions, and provide After the reaction, the oxide B collection space is such that the Ray/°H electrolyte chamber 4 is a second frame formed by an insulating material, and the second frame body can be a soft material of an elastomer and can be ultrasonically welded. Or it is coated with a dry agent or compressed to form a seal. The month b prevents the electrolyte C from leaking. This is a technique that can be used by those skilled in the art, but not for limiting. The top end portion or the end surface of the electrolyte chamber 4 is configured to allow the water-electrolyte C and the non-aqueous electrolyte C to pass through, and is connected at the top end or the end surface of the electrolyte chamber 4 at least with a replenishing port 41, and the The bottom end or the end surface portion of the electrolyte chamber 4 is additionally framed to constitute a circulation discharge port 42 for allowing the electrolyte C to circulate the outlet and the oxide (1) to be non-outlet. The gas diffusion electrode 5 is fixed to the second frame 51 and has a gas. Inlet 52 and a gas outlet 53, and to The lesser side forms a oxidant-incorporating: catalyzed plurality of gas channels 54 such that a gas diffusion path is formed between the gas channels 54<, and the gas channels 54 are arranged at a predetermined interval or at a fixed separation distance. The gas flow path 54 is connected to the gas inlet 52 and the gas outlet μ, wherein the gas population 52 and the gas outlet σ 53 are disposed diagonally opposite each other, so that the oxidant passes through the gas inlet 52. _ gas flow path 54 to gas outlet 5 3 守 ' can all flow equidistantly from the gas inlet 5 2 to the gas outlet 5 3 13 200807794 so that the emulsifier is hooked to the diffusion area, because the oxidant of the fluid is the closest when flowing, The oxidant diffusion needs to be designed and managed to increase the contact area of the oxidant and the gas diffusion electrode. The gas diffusion electrode of the present invention faces the electrolyte surface, and the diffusion electrode can be known or unknown. The active member and a carbon substrate are suitably connected to the current collector 1, and the gas diffusion electrode 5 can also be bifunctional, such as porous nickel or graphite or on a carbon substrate. A coated-layer porous nickel-porous substrate capable of operating between discharge and charging. A typical gas diffusion electrode 5 of a substrate is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 6,368,751, entitled: Electrochemistry for Fuel Cells The battery, which can be understood by those skilled in the art, is not limited thereto; as shown in FIG. 6, the gas diffusion electrode 5 does not have to be insulated with the insulating membrane 56 in order to prevent the system from malfunctioning. Prevent the oxide b from accumulating on the gas expansion electrode 5 and directly contact the short circuit, and continue to discharge until the repair station, or small 3C electronic products or electric bicycles, the design is not supplemented by automatic circulation, and the manual is supplemented by manual charging. It is also necessary to cover at least one insulating diaphragm 56 for plastic, glass fiber, mineral fabric, non-woven fabric, stretch film, solid electrolyte diaphragm, solid ion diaphragm, ion diaphragm. Both polymer membranes can be used. This is a technique that can be understood by those skilled in the art, but is not intended to be limiting. As shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 , a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention, wherein the gas flow channel 54 is freely selectable to be formed by the protrusions 55 (or the conductive protrusions 55 ′′). The flow channel 54, the protrusion 55 (or the conductive protrusion 55") may be singular or plural, may be an electrical conductor or a non-conducting body, but at least one convex, 55 is a conductive material to avoid external wire connection, and has The function of the oxidant airflow is that the gas flow passages 54 are designed to be equal width, equal depth, and equidistant so that the oxidant is more evenly distributed around the gas diffusion electrode 5 to improve the efficiency of the gas diffusion electrode 5. The gas diffusion electrode 5 member of the present invention is further shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 , and is disposed at the gas σ 52 and the 4 / gas outlet 53 at diagonals of two adjacent vertices, so that the oxidant passes through the gas inlet 52. When any of the gas flow passages 54 to the gas outlets Μ, it can flow from the gas inlet 52 to the gas outlet 53 at an equal distance (equal distance), and the reverse side of the gas flow passage 54 can be covered with the _ layer insulating diaphragm 56. In order to prevent short circuits, the separator may be plastic, fiberglass, paper, woven fabric, non-woven fabric, stretched film, which is well known to those skilled in the art, but is not intended to be limiting. Referring to FIG. 9 to FIG. 10 , FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a manual supplemental powder fuel cell system according to another embodiment of the present invention, which mainly includes: the current collection, the fuel chamber 2 is formed by being fixed to an insulating material. The frame body 7 is provided with an opening 21, the porous diaphragm 3; the electrolyte chamber 4 is a frame 7 formed by being fixed to an insulating material, and is provided with a refill port 4 and a discharge port 43 and a venting member 44. The venting member 44 has a venting hole 441 therein, and the venting opening 441 is further provided with a venting screen 442 which is permeable and hydrophobic, but impervious to water. 200807794 Stretching film or nanometer a non-woven gas permeable film; and the gas diffusion electrode 5. The artificially replenished powder fuel cell system, as shown in FIG. 11 to FIG. 14, does not differ from the above-mentioned members in that the gas diffusion electrode 5 is formed on the second frame 51, and at least one side thereof is formed to be oxidant-in and out-catalyzed. The plurality of gas passages 54' define a gas inlet 52 and a gas outlet 53' on the second frame 51 and an insulating diaphragm 56 on the reverse side of the gas passage 54. Referring to FIG. 15 again, it is a manual supplemental powder fuel cell system composed of a plurality of powder fuel cells. As shown, the side of the fuel cell can display an existing gas inlet 52 or a gas outlet 53, and the system can be A fuel replenishing box 8 may be added to the top end, and the fuel replenishing box 8 is provided with a movable cleaving upper cover 81, a refueling zone 82, and an electrolyte overflow buffer 83, which provides a supplemental granular fuel. A or the powdery fuel A is replenished into the fuel chamber 2 via the opening 21 of the powder fuel chamber 2; the electrolyte overflow buffer 83 is disposed at the upper end of the electrolyte chamber & and the top of the electrolyte chamber 4 is at least A replenishing port 41 is connected to the electrolyte overflow buffer 83, and the electrolyte overflow buffer 83 is further provided with a venting element 44, or a venting element 44 is disposed between the refueling zone 82 and the electrolyte. The bottom end portion of the chamber 4 is framed to constitute a discharge port 43 for allowing the electrolyte C and the oxide b to be discharged; and the bottom of the system may be additionally provided with a collection box 9 of an oxide β and an electrolyte c, and the collection box 9 may be used. Easy or removable construction The compound β is recovered with the electrolyte C, and the powdery granular fuel a and the electrolyte (complementary to the ^. Another J·"" plus δ and fuel-sensing debt detector 6 0 6 and 5 Hai electrolyte induction Detector 6 〇7. 16 200807794 Please refer to FIG. 16 again, which is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a manual replenishment powder fuel cell system according to still another embodiment of the present invention, which mainly includes: the current collector 1; the fuel electrolyte The chamber 2" is a storage space for mixing the powdery fuel a and the electrolyte c, and is provided with a replenishing port 21", a discharge port 23" and an exhausting member 44, and the exhausting member 44 is penetrated therein. a gas vent 441, and a ventilating screen 442 is further disposed in the venting hole 441, which is a gas permeable, hydrophobic, water-impermeable stretch film or a nano-grade non-woven gas permeable film; the gas diffusion electrode 5 is a batch a layer of insulating diaphragm 56 to prevent short circuit; and the frame body 7 is covered with a porous diaphragm 71 at the bottom thereof, and the porous diaphragm 71 can be supplied to the collecting box through the oxide B. Please refer to FIG. The system can also be designed with Figure 15 and Figure 21 For the same function, a fuel replenishing box 8 and an electrolyte overflow buffer 83 may be added at the top of the system, and a collecting box 9 may be additionally provided at the bottom for replenishing and recycling the powdered granular fuel A and the electrolyte c. 18 and FIG. 19 are schematic views of still another embodiment of the present invention, including: a current collecting frame 2, a gas population 21, and a gas outlet electrode 3, Formed and fixed to the first frame 31, and provided with a gas flow path 34, the Weng,, &, Bitter JL, 4, Haiyi 34, from the gas inlet 32, the gas outlet material; The frame 4 is provided with a replenishing port 41 and a circulation discharge port 42. The porous diaphragm 5 is fixed to the second frame 51. The second frame 6" is provided with an opening 61. The present invention utilizes a current collector 第, a first frame ", a gas diffusion electrode 3, a second frame 4', a porous membrane 5, and a third frame 6, 17, 200807794 to form a unit cell. The plurality of cells are formed in series to form a required fuel electric power. The current collector of the present invention, the first frame 2, the gas diffusion electrode 3, the body 4, the porous diaphragm 5, and the third frame 6, and another - the current collector factory is in order, using the first frame 2, the second frame 4', the third frame 6' in a sheet shape or a flat shape, the current collector i, a gas diffusion electrode 3, a porous separator 5', and another current collector!, forming a space between the gas flow path 34', the electrolyte chamber and the powder fuel chamber, respectively; ', the frame is configured to allow the electrolyte c to pass through and the circulating outlet 42' of the bottom end of the electrolyte chamber is configured to allow the electrolyte c to circulate the outlet and the oxide_outlet; and the top of the powder fuel chamber is opened σ 61,, framed to allow the addition of powdered granules Road. In addition, the current collector 1 and the gas diffusion electrode 3 are further provided with a protrusion 35 (or a conductive protrusion 35,), a protrusion 35, or a conductive protrusion 35, opposite to the surface side. It can be in close contact with the gas diffusion electrode 3, and then integrally formed, or the stud 35 can be integrally formed in the current collector 1 to form the same conductor without external wires and directly connected to the cathode and the anode to form a circuit loop. And the two protrusions, the spaced spaces form a gas flow path 34, the gas flow path 34, and the gas inlet 32, the gas outlet 33' is connected to the air and the exhaust air; the gas diffusion electrode 3 is further as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 8, the gas flow path 34 is disposed at a separation distance, and the gas flow path 34 is connected to the gas inlet 32 and the gas outlet 33; or as shown in FIG. The gas diffusion electrode 3, on the reverse side of the gas flow path 34, is covered with an insulating diaphragm 36' to prevent short circuit; or the gas flow path 34 of another embodiment of FIG. 20 and FIG. 21 is free. Selecting a column 35, (or a conductive stud 35,,) at a distance The formed gas flow path 34, the stud 35, (or the conductive stud 35, may be a singular number, may be a conductor or a non-conductor, but at least the stud 35' is a conductive material. The gas diffusion electrode 3 and the porous separator 5 are formed by the second frame 4, and an electrolyte solution chamber is formed therebetween, and the electrolyte solution c is stored and the oxide 6 is collected. The second frame 4 is provided with a replenishing port 41. The electrolyte c can be placed, and the discharge port 42 can be circulated as the discharge port of the electrolyte C and the discharge port of the oxide b. The porous separator 5 and the other current collector i use the third frame (four) in between Forming a powder fuel chamber as a fuel storage space, and using the third frame 6, the opening 61' as an inlet for supplementing the granular granular fuel a. The porous diaphragm 5, which can be formed separately; or the diaphragm 51 can be draped Overlying an insulated second frame 4, or forming a diaphragm 51, forming a mold in the mold, or extruding/ejection-forming the diaphragm 51'; or covering the second frame of the insulation 4, after the upper, and the third frame 6, with pressing, sintering or other adhesive bonding, this is familiar The skilled artisan can understand the technology, but is not intended to be limiting. Figure 11 is not a schematic diagram of a supplementary circulation system of the powder fuel cell of the present invention. The fuel cell of the present invention has the electrification formula of the above metal air fuel cell, the metal Powder burning _ 6G1 powder granular fuel a and electrolyte storage 19 200807794
口 608流經濾清器609， 定。（在電池運作期間）空氣由空氣/ 進入氣體擴散電極5的氣體流道54, 其中空氣中的氧氣會分解，同時陽極金屬進行氧化，引起溶解Port 608 flows through filter 609. (during operation of the battery) air from the air/into the gas flow path 54 of the gas diffusion electrode 5, wherein oxygen in the air is decomposed, and the anode metal is oxidized to cause dissolution
達長時間放電。 本發明之粉末燃料電池在常溫及大氣壓下即可運作，且其 電流收集1與氣體擴散電極5之凸柱55(或導電凸柱55”）直 接接觸導電也同時兼具散熱，又因金屬粉粒狀燃料A很容易氧 化。（因習用金屬電片空氣電池，因無法排出氧化物，容易在其 表面形成氧化物薄膜，成為不動態在大電流輸出產生壓降，影 響放電效率）其粉粒狀燃料A之生成物又為奈米級氧化物B易溶 於電解液C，隨著電解液C抽出，系統可再補送新的粉粒狀燃料 A，不僅可以連續放電，也無殘留燃料放電，其效率也高，每平 方公分500mA以上，也有IV的表現。 200807794 電解液電流效率為98%以上，總效率60%以上，同樣的材 質在氫氧燃料電池每平方公分5〇〇mA只有〇·4ν的電壓，原因是 因為沒有氫電極反應的過電壓損及離子隔膜（ρΕΜ)的阻抗（影響 電流效率）因此效率明顯高出許多。高電壓代表著電極數量可以 減少，不僅可以節省成本，其體積相對縮小。 一公升的汽油能源密度為33,〇〇〇KJ焦耳，1KWH=36〇〇KJ =A long time discharge. The powder fuel cell of the invention can operate at normal temperature and atmospheric pressure, and the current collecting 1 is directly in contact with the stud 55 (or the conductive stud 55" of the gas diffusion electrode 5, and also has heat dissipation, and is also caused by metal powder. Granular fuel A is easily oxidized. (Because of the use of metal sheet air batteries, it is easy to form an oxide film on the surface due to the inability to discharge oxides, which becomes a non-dynamic pressure drop at high current output, affecting discharge efficiency.) The product of the fuel A is also a nano-oxide B which is easily dissolved in the electrolyte C. With the extraction of the electrolyte C, the system can replenish a new powdery fuel A, which can be continuously discharged without residual fuel. Discharge, its efficiency is also high, more than 500mA per square centimeter, there are also IV performance. 200807794 electrolyte current efficiency is 98% or more, the total efficiency is more than 60%, the same material in the oxyhydrogen fuel cell 5 mA per square centimeter only The voltage of 〇·4ν is because the overvoltage that does not react with the hydrogen electrode damages the impedance of the ion diaphragm (ρΕΜ) (influencing the current efficiency), so the efficiency is significantly higher. High voltage represents The number of electrodes can be reduced, not only cost savings, its volume is relatively narrow. 1 liter of petrol energy density of 33 Joules 〇〇〇KJ, 1 KWH = 36〇〇KJ =
9. 16KW 一公斤的金屬儲氫材料理論儲存能量為32〇w，而一公斤的 粉粒狀(如：辞粉末）為賴χ1·645ν其能源密度是儲氯材 料4倍多；而一公斤的鋅粉末比重為714，因此一公升的辞粉 能量密度為9. 63 KW略高於汽油。 現有化學化合物液體燃料電池理論上飽和一公升的能源密 度為5.16 KWH，實際上充電時只能做到7成至8成的能量密度， 放電時會殘留20%左右的能量，因而減低其能量密度。 而本發明之粉末燃料電池無此項缺點，如採用鎖或鐘金屬 粉末’其能量密度更高於數倍，本發明之粉末燃料電池重量輕 與汽車引擎整體重量輕太多，其應用於電動車時，效率又高於 汽車二倍至三倍，當電動車於市區行駛時效率比汽車更高達四 倍以上，如此可以減少車子能源的使用量。 本發明之粉粒狀燃料Α(如··鋅粉末）其進一步包含一種選自 m銘、锂、銦、錯、汞、鎵、錫、編、鍺、銻、石西、 21 200807794 鉈及包含前述至少一種組成分之組合組成的組群之合金組成。 本發明燃料箱與汽油車加油一樣可到補充站補充，用多少 加夕少，補充速度快又方便。唯一生成物金屬氧化物B可一併 回收電解再生（一般電池回收再生成本太高，因而不環保），因 此補充站（貝際上僅收電費加上利潤而非金屬粉末）。同時將過 濾後乾淨的空氣導入，使每一氣體擴散電極5都接受到空氣而 進行氧化。 因冷空氣直接接觸電流收集器丨，可以直揍散熱。也可以引 進杧濕工氣加強散熱及活化電極，當氧化物b與電解液〔從電 解液室4底端之循環排出口 42以泵612排出電池外後，會再以 一過濾分離裝置614將電解液C與氧化物β分離，回收之氧化 物B會存放置氧化物回收槽615，而回收之電解液c會再循環至 電解液儲存槽602,而該電池内或電解液儲存槽6〇2可加一溫度 感側益616與-風扇（圖中未示），其中該電解液c另可以經過 冷卻後再進人電池，可以將電池降溫，將視電池内溫度而設定。 燃料補充時電解液C經混合管將金屬粉粒狀燃料a(或粉末 燃料）流進電池内進行，補充電池内燃料，設—燃料感應伯測器 6〇6可以監視電池内燃料使用情況，進行補充或停止。過量補充 會引起短路，過低會影響輸出電力，電解液感應偵測器6〇7需 與燃料感應偵測器606有高度差，可做點滴時間差來偵側電解 Γ循裒τ間而不必一直循環抽送，也可增設一電解器（圖中 22 200807794 未示）將氧化物B直接還原，因此粉末燃料電池有汽油車的方便 也有電池的方便，適合任何地方使用。加上操作簡單幾乎不用 任何保養及消耗品而浪費地球資源。 在電化學理淪上充放電分開，可用效率高的不同電極，電 池的其耐久性超強，效率超高。其環保性又優於任何電池。因 金屬粉末不直接燃燒氧化，不會產生***，適合長久儲存，儲 存方式簡單不用特殊容H，更適合於運輸、電力儲存、電力轉 換安全上百分百。 以上論述中可得知，粉末燃料電池在商業化中對於能量密 度、變換效率、低成本、長週期生命、環境效應、#全性、方 便性及保養等都擁有每—項優點，實屬高度的發明及進步性， 也是人類可以替代石化燃料的開始。 上列詳細說明係針對本發明之一可行實施例之具體說明， 惟該實施例並非用以限制本發明之專利範圍，凡未脫離本發明 技藝精神所為之等效實施或變更，均應包含於本案之專利範圍 綜上所述，本案不但在空間型態上確屬創新，並能較習用 物品增進上述多項功效，應已充分符合新穎性及進步性之法定 發明專利要件’爰依法提出巾請，懇_ ι局核准本件發明專 利申請案，以勵發明，至感德便。 【圖式簡單說明】 23 200807794 圖一為習知金屬片燃料電池組裝示意圖； 圖二為習知顆粒燃料電池示意圖； 圖二為本發明之粉末燃料電池系統其組合示意圖； 圖四為本發明之粉末燃料電池系統儲存粉粒狀燃料與電解 液之上視圖； 圖五為本發明粉末燃料電池系統之立體分解示意圖； 圖六為本發明粉末燃料電池系統另一側面之立體分解示意 圖； 圖七為该氣體擴散電極以導電凸柱依間隔距離設置形成氣 體流道之示意圖； 圖八為氣體擴散電極以凸柱與導電凸柱依間隔距離設置形 成氣體流道之示意圖； 圖九為本發明人工補充之粉末燃料電池系統之剖面組合示 意圖； 圖十為本發明人工補充之粉末燃料電池系統另一實施例之 剖面組合示意圖； 圖十一為本發明人工補充之粉末燃料電池系統再一實施例 之剖面組合示意圖； 圖十二為人工補充之粉末燃料電池系統其氣體擴散電極另 一側面（反面）之示意圖； 圖十二為人工補充之粉末燃料電池系統其多孔性隔膜 24 200807794 側面（反面）之示意圖； 圖十四為人工補充之粉末燃料電池糸統其排氣元件之局部 放大示意圖； 圖十五為複數粉末燃料電池所構成之人工補充粉末燃料電 池系統其剖面示意圖； 圖十六為本發明又/種實施例之人工補充粉末燃料電池系 統實施例之示意圖； 圖十七為本發明又/種實施例之應用於複數粉末燃料電池 所構成之系統其剖面示意圖； 圖十八為本發明又/實施例之粉末燃料電池系統其立體分 解示意圖； 圖十九為圖十八之粉末燃料電池系統其另一侧面（反面）之 立體分解示意圖； 圖二十為圖十八之該氣體擴散電極以導電凸柱依間隔距離 設置形成氣體流道之示意圖； 圖二十一為圖十八之氣體擴散電極以凸柱與導電凸柱依間 隔距離設置形成氣體流道之示意圖； 圖一十二為本發明粉末燃料電池其補充循環系統之示意 圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 1 電流收集器 25 200807794 2 燃料室 2，， 燃料電解液室 21 開口 21，， 補充口 23，， 排出口 3 多孔性隔膜 31 第一框架 4 電解液室 41 補充口 42 擔壞排出口 43 排出口 44 排氣元件 441 通氣孔 442 通氣濾網 5 氣體擴散電極 51 第二框架 52 氣體入口 53 氣體出口 54 氣體流道 55 凸柱 55，， 導電凸柱 200807794 56 絕緣隔膜 601 金屬粉末燃料槽 602 電解液儲存槽 603 混合器 604 混合管 605 泵 606 燃料感應偵測器 607 電解液感應镇測器 608 空氣入口 609 濾清器 610 鼓風機 611 空氣出口 612 泵 613 偵測器 614 過濾分離裝置 615 氧化物回收槽 616 溫度感側器 7 框體 71 多孔性隔膜 8 燃料補充盒 81 上蓋 27 200807794 82 補充燃料區 83 電解液溢流緩衝區 9 收集盒 1， 電流收集器 2, 第一框體 21， 氣體入口 22, 氣體出口 3, 氣體擴散電極 31， 第一框架 32, 氣體入口 33, 氣體出口 34, 氣體流道 35, 凸柱 35，， 導電凸柱 36， 絕緣隔膜 4， 第二框體 41， 補充口 42， 循環排出口 5， 多孔性隔膜 51， 第二框架 6， 第三框體 28 200807794 61，開口 A 粉粒狀燃料 B 氧化物 C 電解液9. The theoretical storage energy of 16KW one kilogram of metal hydrogen storage material is 32〇w, and one kilogram of powdery granularity (such as: powder) is Laiχ1·645ν, its energy density is more than 4 times that of chlorine storage material; and one kilogram The zinc powder has a specific gravity of 714, so the energy density of one liter of pollen is 9.63 KW slightly higher than that of gasoline. The existing chemical compound liquid fuel cell theoretically has a density of 5.16 KWH saturated with one liter. In fact, it can only achieve an energy density of 70% to 80% during charging, and about 20% of energy is left during discharge, thereby reducing its energy density. . However, the powder fuel cell of the present invention has no such disadvantage, such as using a lock or a bell metal powder whose energy density is more than several times. The powder fuel cell of the present invention is light in weight and lighter in weight than the overall engine of the automobile, and is applied to electric power. When driving, the efficiency is two to three times higher than that of the car. When the electric car is driving in the urban area, the efficiency is more than four times higher than that of the car, which can reduce the energy consumption of the car. The powdery granular fuel strontium (such as zinc powder) of the present invention further comprises a material selected from the group consisting of m, lithium, indium, erroneous, mercury, gallium, tin, samarium, yttrium, lanthanum, shixi, 21 200807794 铊An alloy composition of the group consisting of at least one of the foregoing components. The fuel tank of the invention can be replenished to the supplementary station as well as the fueling of the gasoline vehicle, and the use of the fuel tank is small and the replenishing speed is fast and convenient. The only product, metal oxide B, can be recycled together with electrolytic regeneration (generally, the cost of recycling and recycling of the battery is too high, so it is not environmentally friendly), so the station is supplemented (only the electricity bill plus the profit instead of the metal powder). At the same time, the filtered clean air is introduced, so that each gas diffusion electrode 5 receives air and is oxidized. Since the cold air is in direct contact with the current collector, it can be cooled directly. It is also possible to introduce a dampness gas to enhance the heat dissipation and activation of the electrode. When the oxide b and the electrolyte [from the circulating discharge port 42 at the bottom end of the electrolyte chamber 4 are discharged from the battery by the pump 612, a filter separation device 614 will be used again. The electrolyte C is separated from the oxide β, and the recovered oxide B is stored in the oxide recovery tank 615, and the recovered electrolyte c is recycled to the electrolyte storage tank 602, and the battery or the electrolyte storage tank 6〇 2 can add a temperature sense side benefits 616 and - fan (not shown), wherein the electrolyte c can be cooled and then enter the battery, the battery can be cooled, will be set according to the temperature inside the battery. In the fuel replenishment, the electrolyte C flows the metal powder granular fuel a (or powder fuel) into the battery through the mixing tube to supplement the fuel in the battery, and the fuel-inductive detector 6〇6 can monitor the fuel usage in the battery. Add or stop. Excessive replenishment will cause a short circuit. If it is too low, it will affect the output power. The electrolyte induction detector 6〇7 needs to have a height difference from the fuel inductive detector 606, and the time difference can be made to detect the electrolysis Γ 裒 而 τ without having to Cyclic pumping can also be added to an electrolyzer (not shown in Figure 22 200807794) to directly reduce oxide B. Therefore, the powder fuel cell has the convenience of a gasoline car and the convenience of a battery, and is suitable for use anywhere. Plus the ease of operation, almost no maintenance and consumables are wasting the earth's resources. The charge and discharge are separated on the electrochemical mechanism, and different electrodes with high efficiency can be used. The durability of the battery is extremely high and the efficiency is extremely high. Its environmental friendliness is superior to any battery. Because metal powder is not directly burned and oxidized, it will not explode. It is suitable for long-term storage. The storage method is simple and does not require special H. It is more suitable for transportation, power storage and power conversion. As can be seen from the above discussion, powder fuel cells have every advantage in terms of energy density, conversion efficiency, low cost, long-period life, environmental effects, #全性, convenience and maintenance in commercialization. The invention and progress are also the beginning of humanity's ability to replace fossil fuels. The detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In summary, the scope of patents in this case is not only innovative in terms of space type, but also can enhance the above-mentioned multiple functions compared with conventional articles. It should fully comply with the statutory invention patent requirements of novelty and progressiveness. , 恳 _ _ board approved this invention patent application, in order to invent invention, to the sense of virtue. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a conventional metal fuel cell assembly; FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a conventional particulate fuel cell; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a combination of a powder fuel cell system of the present invention; Figure 5 is a perspective exploded view of the powder fuel cell system of the present invention; Figure 6 is a perspective exploded view of another side of the powder fuel cell system of the present invention; The gas diffusion electrode is arranged with a conductive pillar according to a distance to form a gas flow channel; FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the gas diffusion electrode formed by forming a gas flow channel at a distance between the convex column and the conductive protrusion; FIG. 9 is a manual supplement of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of a manually supplemented powder fuel cell system according to the present invention; FIG. 11 is a cross section of still another embodiment of the manually supplemented powder fuel cell system of the present invention; Combination diagram; Figure 12 is a manually supplemented powder fuel cell Schematic diagram of the other side (reverse side) of the gas diffusion electrode; Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the side of the porous membrane 24 of the artificially supplemented powder fuel cell system 200807794 (reverse side); Figure 14 is a manually supplemented powder fuel cell system FIG. 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a manual supplementary powder fuel cell system composed of a plurality of powder fuel cells; FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of an artificial supplementary powder fuel cell system according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 17 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a system for applying a plurality of powder fuel cells according to another embodiment of the present invention; Figure 18 is a perspective exploded view of a powder fuel cell system according to still another embodiment of the present invention; 19 is a perspective exploded view of the other side (reverse side) of the powder fuel cell system of FIG. 18; FIG. 20 is a schematic view showing the gas diffusion channel of the gas diffusion electrode of FIG. Figure 21 is the gas diffusion electrode of Figure 18, with the column and the conductive column separated by a distance A schematic view of the gas flow path is formed; FIG twelve powder fuel cell which is a schematic of the system of FIG refill cycle of the present invention. [Main component symbol description] 1 Current collector 25 200807794 2 Fuel chamber 2, Fuel electrolyte chamber 21 Opening 21, Replenishing port 23, Discharge port 3 Porous diaphragm 31 First frame 4 Electrolyte chamber 41 Refill port 42 Damage discharge port 43 discharge port 44 exhaust member 441 vent hole 442 vent filter 5 gas diffusion electrode 51 second frame 52 gas inlet 53 gas outlet 54 gas flow path 55 stud 55, conductive stud 200807794 56 insulating diaphragm 601 Metal powder fuel tank 602 electrolyte storage tank 603 mixer 604 mixing tube 605 pump 606 fuel sensing detector 607 electrolyte induction detector 608 air inlet 609 filter 610 blower 611 air outlet 612 pump 613 detector 614 filtration Separation device 615 Oxide recovery tank 616 Temperature sensor side 7 Frame 71 Porous diaphragm 8 Fuel replenishment box 81 Upper cover 27 200807794 82 Refueling area 83 Electrolyte overflow buffer 9 Collection box 1, current collector 2, first Frame 21, gas inlet 22, gas outlet 3, gas diffusion electrode 31, First frame 32, gas inlet 33, gas outlet 34, gas flow path 35, stud 35, conductive stud 36, insulating diaphragm 4, second frame 41, replenishing port 42, recirculation discharge port 5, porous diaphragm 51, second frame 6, third frame 28 200807794 61, opening A, granular fuel B, oxide C electrolyte