玖、發明說明： I：發明戶厅屬之技術領域】 發明領域 本發明有關結構蓋板系統且有關包括該系統之複合板 材0 本發明亦有關一種用於製造結構蓋板系統之方法。 本發明特別有關用於建造複合板材之結構蓋板系統。 此結構蓋板系統之一種主要但非唯一的終端使用應用 係在於建造用以形成建築物（此名稱包括停車場)樓板之複 合板材。 此結構蓋板系統之另一種並非唯一的終端使用應用在 於建造用以形成垂直璧片板之複合板材。 【先前技術3 發明背景 (a)習知的複合板材建造 結構鋼蓋板可在用來建造複合鋼/混凝土樓板板材及 樑時具有雙重功能。蓋板可在混凝土硬化前支撐住建造材 料及人員藉以作為結構性模殼（structural f〇rmw〇rk)。此 外：當已經擺設強化鋼(桿及/或網目）且已經將混凝土傾倒 至蓋板上之後，混凝土已經抵達足夠壓縮性強度，蓋板可 與混凝土交互作用藉以作為 仟田盍板作為主強化 寸將在建築物其餘哥命中持續此作用。 此段所述之所有類型的鋼蓋板係與硬化混凝土交互作 用以利用此複合作用的優點。 200427906 奔恩（RL.Bum)等人的澳洲專利申請案12620/70號所 述之蜂巢式片板係為落在此描述以外之一種單向負荷承載 片板。 (b)既有的鋼盖板輪廊 5 習知的結構鋼蓋板係為自扁平鋼條壓軋成形成為具均 勻橫剖面的長片板。蓋板主要由其橫剖面形狀或輪廓的差 異加以區分。現今世界採用的輪廓係大幅變動，譬如具有 “開放肋”的梯形蓋板(請見第1(b)圖），但其皆具有一項共同 因素：片材的標稱厚度在輪廓周邊呈現固定。 10 並且，壓軋成形機只設計用來將鋼片材壓軋至最高達 一特定最大厚度，譬如1.2至1.6公厘。這顯著地限制一具有 設定幾何結構的蓋板之最大撓曲勁度及最終強度。這則會 嚴重地影響可用來達成特定跨距之鋼蓋板的最小整體深 度，此特定跨距本身會顯著地影響複合板材的最小整體深 15 度。 習知的壓軋成形機只用來製造鋼蓋板的一種輪廓。無 法顯著地改變用於界定譬如整體深度等輪廓之幾何特性的 標稱尺寸。 因此，如果需要較大跨接或負荷承載能力且必須改變 20 輪廓，則必須建造新的壓軋成形套組。 因此，隨著現今世界對於使用於多種不同應用中之蓋 板的需求之增加，主要的蓋板製造廠開始自扁平鋼條來製 造一系列的蓋板，其中各蓋板需要不同的壓軋套組。 此系列的蓋板係包括部分很深的蓋板(大於200公厘）且 6 200427906 其用來建造在肋頂部上方具有薄型混凝土覆蓋（一般為50 公厘）之複合板材，因此顯現出單向作用。 用於將任何給定蓋板壓軋成形之扁平鋼條係為同一種 鋼等級。因此，一經壓軋成形的蓋板中所有部分的鋼（凸緣 5 及腹板）皆具有相同的降伏應力。 扁平鋼條上的塗層可以在頂及底表面之間具有特定程 度的變動。譬如，其可在兩表面上電钱但在將形成暴露於 空氣的拱腹（soffit)之側上加以預先漆覆。或者，鋼可在兩 側上未經塗覆，溫和的環境中採行此方式以降低成本。 10 部分蓋板製造廠係在一旦其所生產的蓋板已經壓軋成 形時加以修改。其目的在於改善功能或結構性效能。結構 性效能的重要型態為撓曲勁度及最終強度。撓曲硬度係影 響到在設計中常受到控制之（特別是在濕混凝土重量下）垂 直偏向的量值。關鍵區域的力矩容量及剪容量將影響在設 15 計中亦受到控制之最終強度。 兩型經修改的蓋板在下文中加以論述。 (i)“蜂巢式”蓋板，其藉由將一扁平鋼片熔接橫越各蓋 板片板的整體基底而形成(請見第1(c)圖）。 此配置生成可供特別是電腦用的電纜線等敏感性建築 20 導入件通過之關閉巢室，因此導致所謂的“電氣化樓板”。 藉由將扁平片材附接至蓋板片板，亦可增加原始蓋板 的負荷承載容量及撓曲勁度，其限制條件為片材與蓋板之 間的連接夠強即可。因此，此功能性改良亦可改善蓋板作 為模殼時之結構性效能。 7 200427906 重要的是’就像譬如羅伯森公司（Η.Η· R〇berts〇n Company)的加拿大專利案704842號所揭露，固定至扁平基 片的盍板元件可能不完全，其中基片包含側搭接部。這亦 引領專利的發明人採行熔接W蓋板而無對於相同蓋板底側 5主上下顛倒的搭接部之不常用選擇，藉此形成一關閉的多 桌至盒相蓋板。類似的蓋板顯示於内陸鋼品公司（Inland发明 Description of the invention: I: Technical Field of the Inventor's Office] Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a structural cover system and a composite panel including the system. The present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a structural cover system. The present invention is particularly related to structural cover systems for building composite panels. One of the main, but not the only, end-use applications for this structural cover system is the construction of composite panels used to form the floor of a building (this name includes parking lots). This structural cover system is not the only end-use application for the construction of composite panels used to form vertical panels. [Prior Art 3 Background of the Invention (a) Conventional Composite Slab Construction Structural steel cover plates can have dual functions when used to build composite steel / concrete floor slabs and beams. The cover plate can be used as a structural form (structural form) before the concrete hardens. In addition: After the reinforced steel (rod and / or mesh) has been placed and the concrete has been poured onto the cover plate, the concrete has reached sufficient compressive strength, and the cover plate can interact with the concrete to serve as the main reinforcement of the Putian slab This effect will continue for the rest of the building's hits. All types of steel cover plates described in this paragraph interact with hardened concrete to take advantage of this composite effect. 200427906 The Australian patent application No. 12620/70 of RL. Bum et al. Is a unidirectional load bearing sheet that falls outside this description. (b) Existing steel cover hull 5 The conventional structural steel cover is a long sheet plate with a uniform cross section formed by rolling from flat steel bars. Cover plates are distinguished primarily by differences in their cross-sectional shape or contour. The contour systems used in the world today have changed significantly, such as trapezoidal cover plates with "open ribs" (see Figure 1 (b)), but they all have one thing in common: the nominal thickness of the sheet is fixed around the contour . 10 Furthermore, the roll forming machine is only designed to roll steel sheets up to a specified maximum thickness, such as 1.2 to 1.6 mm. This significantly limits the maximum flexural stiffness and ultimate strength of a cover plate with a set geometry. This will seriously affect the minimum overall depth of the steel cover plate that can be used to achieve a specific span, which itself will significantly affect the minimum overall depth of the composite panel by 15 degrees. Conventional roll forming machines are used to make only one profile of a steel cover plate. The nominal dimensions used to define geometric characteristics such as overall depth cannot be significantly changed. Therefore, if larger span or load carrying capacity is required and the 20 profile must be changed, a new roll forming kit must be constructed. Therefore, with the increasing demand for cover plates used in many different applications in the world today, major cover plate manufacturers have begun to manufacture a series of cover plates from flat steel bars, each of which requires different rolling sleeves. group. The cover plates of this series consist of very deep cover plates (greater than 200 mm) and 6 200427906. They are used to build composite panels with a thin concrete cover (typically 50 mm) above the top of the ribs, so they appear unidirectional effect. The flat steel bars used to press roll any given cover plate are of the same steel grade. Therefore, all parts of the steel (flange 5 and web) in the cover plate formed by rolling have the same stress relief. The coating on flat steel bars can vary to a certain degree between the top and bottom surfaces. For example, it can be charged on both surfaces but pre-painted on the side that will form a soffit exposed to the air. Alternatively, steel can be uncoated on both sides, in a mild environment to reduce costs. 10 Some cover plate manufacturers modify the cover plates once they have been rolled into shape. The purpose is to improve functional or structural performance. Important forms of structural performance are flexural stiffness and ultimate strength. Flexural stiffness affects the amount of vertical deflection that is often controlled in design, especially under the weight of wet concrete. The moment capacity and shear capacity in key areas will affect the final strength that is also controlled in the design. Both types of modified covers are discussed below. (i) A "honeycomb" cover plate formed by welding a flat steel sheet across the entire base of each cover plate sheet (see Figure 1 (c)). This configuration generates sensitive buildings, such as computer cables, which can be used to pass through the enclosure to close the cell, thus leading to the so-called "electrified floor". By attaching the flat sheet to the cover sheet, it is also possible to increase the load bearing capacity and flexural stiffness of the original cover. The limitation is that the connection between the sheet and the cover is strong enough. Therefore, this functional improvement can also improve the structural performance of the cover plate as a mold shell. 7 200427906 It is important 'as disclosed in, for example, Canadian Patent No. 704842 of the Robertson Company, the cymbal plate component fixed to a flat substrate may be incomplete, where the substrate contains side Overlap. This also led the patented inventors to weld the W cover without the infrequent choice for the same cover bottom side 5 main upside down overlap, thereby forming a closed multi-table to box-phase cover. Similar covers are shown at Inland Steel
Steel Products Company)的加拿大專利案692135號。 NKK公司（NKK Corporation)的日本專利案 11 _ 192613 號顯示一種形式的蜂巢式蓋板，其包括梯形肋的腹板中之 10 一系列開口以容納橫向強化肋。無法自此專利案得知蜂巢 式盍板的製造方式。任何案例中，皆將片板的梯形肋形成 為一個元件且因此具有類似習知蓋板之均勻厚度。這些梯 形肋（亦可稱為倒槽）係個別地熔接至一扁平板以形成奔恩 的澳洲專利申請12620/70案號所描述之一倒置形式的蜂巢 15式片板。橫向強化桿似乎夾扣至腹板側中之孔内，且很可 能在一旦混凝土已經硬化時作為最後複合板材中之剪力榫 (shear key)，請注意混凝土將充填蓋板肋且包封住桿。此曰 本專利申請案所顯示的另一種配置似乎包含熔接至梯形肋 頂部之橫向強化桿，預設可再度促進蓋板與混凝土之間的 20 複合作用。 (ii)近來已經在作為模殼時將一連續肋螺鎖至搭接部 的側邊藉以改良澳洲（Stramit，s Condeck HP)製造之一關閉 式肋蓋板的結構性效能(請見第1(d)圖）。 此附接部係定位在蓋板頂面上且以混凝土鑄造並可依 8 據其設計及其對於肋的連接 實蓋板之縱向抗滑性。 強度而疋潛在地提高或降低平 然而’根據製造廠的建議，附接部 側的小賴（-者位於端點切件 /、a =個牙過肋 -者位於㈣距_件端點上）、者位於巾間跨距、 受加強跨距1¾ 4J㈣附件基底且在 (—flred)銷而連接至鋼蓋板 二、螺絲或擊發 匕片材與附件之間的交 互作用極為有限。製造廠無法信 撓曲勁度所達成之任何改善。峰值對於鋼盖板的 力矩區域的力矩容量預 疋會增加，但__增加再次只㈣了蓋板 間 低程度的縱向剪力連接。本發明的另-主要缺點在於， 純於建築物中其最後位置時，必須使附件配合。製^ =法信任_可能對於蓋㈣縱向⑽性具餘何效果， 运可能是不安全的結論。 經修改的蓋板在上列項目 澳洲的一般常見知識。 【明内溶L】 發明概要 (i)及（ii)中的描述並不代表 本發明為-種對於上述系統之替代性結構蓋板李統。 根據本發明，提供-種用於一包括複數個主蓋板片板 的結構盍板系統之主蓋板片板，其中主蓋板片板包括： 、⑷-基底組件，其包括-中央盆及盆各側上的搭接部 以使相鄰的主蓋板片板能夠以重疊關係呈併列狀定位，·及 0>)-蚊至基底組件之-倒置通路構件形式的加強組 200427906 —自個自腹板組件形成之相對倒壁及 的組件且隨後組裝在-起以形成通路構件。為刀離 纟㈣料優點在於H㈣在—^之分離的 組件’將可能對於组件的 刀離的 到最佳化。 Θ “要4使組件的結構要件達 一縱向硬化部。 硬化部與搭接部之間的位置處固 中央銷較佳包括至少 腹板組件較佳在縱向 定至基底組件。 腹板組件較佳對接錄縱向硬化部及/祕接部。 ―較佳將搭接部形成為可將連續蓋板片板的搭接部在另 =幻反片板的搭接部往下_以使—連續蓋板片板對於另 一盖板片板以重疊關係併列狀定位。 力強、.且件較佺在沿著通路構件長度之複數個離 15接位置處固定至基底組件。 較佳藉由將組件互鎖在一起的位置之組件的變形段在 複數個離散的連接位置處使加強組件固定至基底組件。 變形段較佳為钮形。 可將組件固持在一起並從組件一側將諸如鈕部等變形 20 段加壓藉以形成變形段。 腹板組件及頂弦組件較佳係藉由沿著組件長度之複數 個離散的連接位置處固定在一起而組裝在一起。 腹板組件及頂弦組件較佳係藉由位於使組件互鎖在一 起的位置處之組件變形段而在複數個離散的連接位置處被 固定在一起。 變形段較佳為鈕形。 可將組件固持在一起並從組件一側將變形段加壓藉以 形成變形段。 車乂U也’腹板組件包含凸緣且腹板及頂弦組件在凸緣 上固定在一起。 頂弦組件佳包括—個或不只_個縱向硬化部。 硬化部較佳沿著頂弦組件長度延伸。 頂弦組件較佳包括往下彎轉的側。 提供頂弦組件之縱向硬化部及往下彎轉的側以加強蓋 板片板。具體言《，縱向硬化部及往下彎轉的側係提高頂 弦組件的勁度以抵抗縱向壓縮負荷所造成之屈曲。 腹板組件較佳包括褶波部。 褶波部較佳為垂直褶波部。 提供褶波部以加強蓋板片板。具體言之，褶波部係提 高腹板組件的勁度以抵抗垂直及縱向剪力。 腹板組件較佳包括開口以使混凝土流入通路構件内。 蓋板片板可包括複數個平行的加強構件。 根據本發明，亦提供一結構蓋板系統，其藉由具有重 疊關係的搭接部之複數個併列狀定位的上述主蓋板片板所 形成。 結構蓋板系統較佳包括一位於兩主蓋板片板之間之填 貝盍板片板，其中填貫盖板片板包括盆各側上之搭接部， 這些搭接部係與相鄰主蓋板片板的搭接部呈重疊關係。 200427906 根據本發明亦提供一複合板材，其包括上述結構蓋板 系統及位於結構蓋板m之-層經硬化混凝土。 【實施方式】 本發明的最佳實行模式 5 本發明的主蓋板片板及結構蓋板系統之實施例的主要 特性係參照第2至17圖以範例描述於下文中。 a月注意在圖式中將主蓋板片板描述為“混合式，，蓋板片 板。 本發明的結構蓋板系統係基於下列形式的模組： 1〇 (a)主蓋板片板；及 (b)填實蓋板片板。 主及填實蓋板片板一般為2.5至9公尺長。 第6至8圖為與包括下列各物的主蓋板片板之實施例的 縱軸線呈垂直之垂直橫剖視圖： 15 (a)一長形基底組件，其包括一中央盆7及位於盆的各側 上之搭接部9以使相鄰主蓋板片板能夠以重疊關係併列狀 定位；及 (4一長形加強組件，其具有固定至基底組件之單一倒 置通路構件的形式’其中通路構件包括自腹板組件形成之 20兩個相對側11及自一弦組件形成之一頂部13，其中腹板及 頂弦組件製成為分離的組件且隨後組裝在一起以形成通路 構件。 各上述實施例中，沿著組件長度在離散位置處將腹板 組件固定至基底組件且將頂組件固定至腹板組件。在第6至 12 200427906 8圖所不貫施例的案例中，連接部為用於將組件互鎖在一起 之、變形紐部17的形式。組件之間連接的本質進一步描述於 本文稍後部分中。 ®式所示的填實蓋板片板之各實施例係包括一中央盆 5及位於盈的各側上之搭接部以使填實蓋板片板相對於相鄰 主盖板片板的搭接部以重疊關係併列狀定位。 第2(d)圖顯示填實蓋板片板$的兩項特定實施例。圖式 頦不與填貫盍板片板的縱軸線呈垂直之橫剖視圖。第2(d) 圖的下方實施例具有一扁平盆21及搭接部9,上方實施例具 10有一呈梯形輪廓之盆21。 第3至5及10至11圖顯示以併列狀重疊關係連接在一起 之主及填貫盖板片板的一系列不同組合，藉以形成結構蓋 板糸統。 主'°°'板及填貫盍板片板較佳係為狹窄的單一單元（請 Μ見幻及4圖），亦即在主蓋板片板的案例中具有單一加強構 件之單元 般而5，主盍板及填實蓋板片板為2〇〇至350 公厘寬。本發明不限於此配置且擴充至具有不只一個加強 構件=配置。狹窄模組的出現係為了保持低的每單位長度 之重量，並可讓片板以長的長度使用且個別地揚升並容易 20 地在現場由工人操作。 身為主跨接元件之主蓋板片板3可由其本身使用（請見 第 3(a)、4(a)及 10圖）。 或者，因為填實蓋板片板造價比主蓋板片板更便宜， 填實蓋板片板5可配合在主蓋板片板之間以改善經濟效益 13 200427906 (請見第3(b)、4(b)及11圖），並提供諸如降低重量等其他利 益。 利用填實片板5，可以在相鄰主蓋板片板之間導入空隙 27或是容納縱向預施應力纜線或放在一複合板材低處之強 5 化桿。 主蓋板片板3較佳放置在首先用來支撐填實片板5之位 置中，填實片板5只在與主跨距呈垂直的橫方向跨接。 主蓋板片板3較佳從依目的建造的鋼組件組裝而成（請 見第2、9及12圖）。 10 鋼組件的主要尺寸（譬如厚度、寬度及高度)及機械性質 可在製造時改變以對於主蓋板片板提供比已知的上述蓋板 系統更經濟且可滿足更寬廣及更高標準之設計要求範圍， 其中包括達成極長未受支撐的跨距（譬如最高達8至9公尺) 及建造具有最小整體深度之強化混凝土樓板。 15 亦可將各組件的不同耐久性需求列入考慮，且可改變 鋼塗層以改善經濟效益。 主蓋板片板3及填實片板5的組件可有效率地包裝並運 送至遠處的組裝現場。這將可集中主要的生產廠且可節省 運送成本。 20 主盖板片板5的腹板組件可依用途設計以提供南的垂 直剪容量，藉此得以在製造期間將蓋板片板預先拱曲並容 納具有多種用途之規則分佈的大型未強化或經強化開口， 這些用途包括可供橫向鋼強化桿及預施應力的纜線通過。 主蓋板片板3的腹板組件可能包括沿著片板長度衝設 14 200427906 之開口 29。一般的開口顯示於第14及17圖。在需要部份地 或完全地充填通路構件以形成一實心混凝土板材或使橫向 強化桿及纜線及/或建築導入件穿過之情形中，特別需要此 作用。因此，可構成雙向作用的混凝土板材，且相較於單 5向作用的板材可達成結構效率之改良。基於此目的，主蓋 板片板(及填實蓋板片板）的搭接部9較佳應為淺狀， 譬如20 至30公厘。 主蓋板片板的腹板組件中之開口 29可放置靠近端點支 撐件且仍妥善地運作。-般而言，開口29的較近側為端點 10支撐件内載之腹板組件高度的2至3倍。此外，一般而言， 開口 29的高度不大於腹板組件高度的6〇%。此外，_般而 a ’在開口29上方及下方具有至少15%的腹板材料間隙。 可使用電腦控制式衝製設備來沿著腹板組件長度依需要設 置開口 29。 15 主蓋板片板3的腹板組件可能具有深的垂直褶波部 33(請見第7及14圖）。褶波部33較佳具公厘的間距 及3至6公厘的峰谷高度。稽波部22較佳壓印在腹板组件 中。藉由禪波部可能達成具有所允許最薄的鋼片材之高程 度的垂直剪容量。為了更容易成形，相較於其他組件可將 20腹板所用的鋼等級降低，這亦具有經濟利益。為求經濟， 因為隨後將鋼鑄造在混凝土中，所以鋼可保持未受塗覆。 這也是-種使陽光的炫光降低之方式，對於在塗覆有金屬 的蓋板上工作之現場工人來說炫光會構成安全問題。腹板 中開口的高度及間隔可能沿著主蓋板片板長度而改變，链 15 如藉以容納通常會在一板材拱腹上方高度產生變動之橫向 預施應力的鐵線通行之用。 主蓋板片板3的腹板組件較佳在其扁平平面中壓乳成 形設有一拱曲。可在腹板組件的頂及底區之間略微地改變 5 垂直褶波部的間距或將凸緣拉伸，藉以達成此作用。 可將分開成形的頂弦組件、腹板組件及基底組件、連 同具有上述拱曲的腹板組件組裝在一彎曲床上以在主蓋板 片板中產生一永久往上的拱曲（第17圖）。如此可藉由抗彎強 度而非撓曲勁度來控制設計，導致在任何給定狀況下製造 10主盍板片板所需要的鋼量顯著地降低。亦代表可在最後鈇 構中產生一更扁平的拱腹。 為了幫助製造，主蓋板片板3的腹板組件較佳對於垂直 方向呈相同角度組裝，而與其整體高度無關（請見第7及8 圖）。此角度位於較佳60至80。、更佳70至80。的範圍中。 15 主盍板片板3在其連接至基底組件處之腹板組件之間 的距離較佳亦保持固定。因此，主蓋板片板的縱向硬化部 在其頂部上改變覓度，隨著縱向硬化部高度增加而變窄。 主盖板片板3的腹板組件可能具有往外斜角狀凸緣乃 或往内斜角狀凸緣37或往外/往内斜角狀凸緣。選項譬如顯 2〇不於第2至8及10至12圖中。這些選項有利於將腹板組件連 接至頂弦組件及基底組件。 可成具有需要加強腹板組件的上凸緣35、37之情形。 其中種情形係為主蓋板系統受到會將頂弦組件揚升最高 達5至10公厘亚使腹板組件的上凸緣變直之長波屈曲。適當 16 200427906 的加強選項包括將褶縐狀硬化部設置於凸緣及腹板組件的 直立腹板之間的角落中。 主蓋板片板的腹板組件中之開口 29(第14及丨7圖）可在 製造期間部份地受到壓印，使其可依需要在建築現場被選 5 擇性擊倒。 範例中’開口27可在與蓋板跨距呈垂直行進之内壁上 方的部位上被擊倒。因此，蓋板不會在壁上方生成一空隙， 此空隙原本會是聲學或火災額定值方面之問題。 如果支撐件為一鋼樑且剪力連接器即將配合成為靠近 10原本被肋的衝牙所弱化之主蓋板片板的鋼縱向硬化部，亦 可能需要利用此方式在支撐件上方以混凝土局部地充填空 隙。 主盍板片板3的頂弦組件較佳依照用途設計來聚集大 區域比罪近鋼盍板最上端的基底組件更便宜、未塗覆且低 15等級之鋼。這是一種在正或負彎折的條件下極有效率的增 強片板的力矩各1及挽曲勁度之方式。 主盍板片板3的頂弦組件較佳設計成為藉由硬化的混 旋土發展出充分夠高程度的機械阻力，使其可作用成為複 合板材中有效的縱向拉伸或壓縮性強化部。 機械阻力4分係由於頂弦組件與腹板組件之間離散的 連接而形成。 頂弦組件亦可包括縱向延伸的硬化部39(第7、8及⑺至 即）或其侧邊可往下彎轉，至8及難12圖）或變形或衝 壓以改善頂弦組件的勁度及因此亦改善機械阻力而不干擾 17 組件之間連接的完整性。 主蓋板片板的頂弦組件可設計成為不佔體積，亦即產 生其完全潛在的壓縮性容量而不會因為局部屈曲而過早失 效。由於具有比正常鋼蓋板更厚的組件，將有助於此作用。 為了不佔體積，其較佳沿著主蓋板片板長度以緊密的中心 縱向地附接至主蓋板片板的腹板組件。 &主蓋板片板3的頂弦組件較佳較寬以使其形成可供建 杀期間行走的大表面積並對於橫向擺放在組件頂上的強化 桿提供寬闊的支撐件。 10 因 主蓋板片板3的頂弦組件較佳比起正常鋼蓋板更厚， 此對於現場及操作期間的意外損傷而言將大幅更加強固 未—直如Λ ’ —般而t ’頂弦組件的厚度 ::於腹板組件。—般而言，頂弦組件最高達到腹板弦組 件厚度的3至4倍〇 捭t板片板3的頂弦組件之端點可能設有用以進一步 ^ ^ —區域中形成的機械阻力之額外的機械特性（譬如 了雕部及經衝壓推拔孔），因此顯著地降低了負彎折時支樓 區域上方所需要的搭接桿長度。 2〇 :板片板的頂弦組件可能沿著長度設有機械特性 雕°卩41，第6至8及12圖），以改善與硬化混凝土之機 械互鎖。 主盖板片板3的基底組件可依用途設計以聚集大區域 :鋼鋼蓋板最下端附近形成—大的縱向拉力或壓縮 ^疋在正或負彎折的條件下極有效率之用於增強片板 18 的力矩容量及撓曲勁度之方式。 主蓋板片板3的基底組件較佳包括縱向硬化部45後佳 20至30公厘高），請見第6至11圖。 土 基底組件中的硬化部45亦有利於主蓋板片板心且 裝。具體言之’硬化部45與搭接部9之間的基底組件的部分 係形成用於腹板組件的下凸緣35之足跡。 此外，較佳將基底組件中的硬化部“形成為可使腹板 組件之較低往上延伸的部分對接抵住硬化部，且此配置有 助於主蓋板片板的組件之機械互鎖。 主蓋板片板的基底組件可自合理最薄電蝕高拉力鋼片 枒4如G550、0.55公厘加以壓軋成形。電蝕可使蓋板的拱 蝮耐久，亦可基於額外抗腐蝕性或基於外觀與功能之目的 將其預先塗漆。 較佳將連同腹板組件及其連接部之主蓋板片板3的基 底組件設計成為可由經硬化的混凝土形成夠高程度的機械 阻力，使其可在一複合板材中作用成為高度有效的縱向杈 伸性或壓縮性強化件。 可略微地修改主蓋板片板的基底組件以使用組件作為 〜填實蓋板片板。第9圖顯示此可用來作為填實片板之經修 改的片板。第9圖所示的片板係包括浮雕部61並形成有適可 力口壓在相鄰併列狀定位的主蓋板片板之搭接部上方之搭接 部9 〇 填實蓋板片板可依照用途設計以經濟地覆蓋相鄰主芸 板片板之間的一間隙。 19 5 較佳將主及填實蓋板片板3、5的搭接部9設計成為：― 填建物中的其最後位置，則可自頂部裝設 板ST:見第5、1〇及11圖)。此特性瞭解到填實蓋 力。反目又於混合蓋板片板係具有非常有限的縱向跨接能 ^佳祕填實蓋板片板設計成為：由經硬化的混凝土 =夠純度的機械阻力，藉叹財在複合板材中作用 ‘、，、有效的縱向拉伸或壓縮性強化件。為了達成此作用， 10 Z密地設計搭接部以㈣住混凝土並可基於此目的將片 反浮雕（明見第9圖）或以其他方式形成。 填實蓋板片板5可採行多種不同形狀，孽如呈扁 能包括—輕微的糾）以提供-最後騎的減，或呈梯形 以生成一肋狀單向複合板材。 15 、填實蓋板片板亦可配合具有諸如苯乙稀體塊等内部空 隙，以降低混凝土的容積（第^㈡圖）。 為长、、、二濟，片板較佳自合理最薄電蝕高拉力鋼片材譬 G550 G.55公厘加以壓軋成形。電飯可使蓋板的棋腹财 久亦可基於額外抗腐餘性或基於外觀與功能之目的將其 預先塗漆。 20 可將主蓋板片板3的組件組裝在一起而不使用熔接，其 優點來自於可讓預先塗漆及其他型高品質片材塗層使用在 原本可能於_操作顧受損之片板的暴露拱腹上。 非熔接式連接的選項係包括膠接、變形、敲擊(未穿孔） 及習知的機械緊固件。 20 200427906 如上述’-如圖示的較佳非溶接式連接選項係為在連 接位置處自組件加壓之“叙部” 17的形式（第㈣圖具體言 之，利用在連接位置處將2組件固持在—起並將—顧施二 至組件-側且經由組件加壓且使組件變形並自組件另一側 加壓變形材料的-鈕部，藉以形成連接。此製程的終端结 果係為組件在連接位置互鎖，因此連接器可依照一给定設 計之需要來承載縱向及橫向剪力。 藉由將主蓋板片板3的組件連接在—起，可對於硬化的 混凝土中由這些片板形成之機械阻力提供重要貢獻。並 10且，由於使用主蓋板片板時可能經歷之特定負荷及支撐條 件，可依照需要來改變組件的連接特別是沿著片板長度的 連接頻率之設計。 當開口29衝設在主蓋板片板3的腹板組件中時，較佳亦 將小空氣呼吸器同時衝設在腹板組件的頂部中以在傾倒混 15凝土時讓空氣自頂弦組件逸出，藉以利用混凝土適當振動 來確保主蓋板片板的鋼縱向硬化部所形成之空隙有效地充 填混凝土，故得以形成一實心的板材。 頂弦組件亦可設有開口（未圖示）。 特別是當這些片板的鋼硬化部充填混凝土時，主蓋板 20片板3之經褶波的腹板組件係可貢獻作為複合板材中的縱 向鋼，因此使腹板組件嵌夾在混凝土之間而很難縱向滑移。 可將主及填實蓋板片板3、5製成任何長度。 鋼隔膜55(第13圖）可配合成為靠近主蓋板片板3的端 點’以加強腹板組件來抵抗由於這些位置發生的大垂直反 21 200427906 應所造成之屈曲。 這些隔膜55亦可作為對於主蓋板片板的通路構件端點 之插塞，以在需要時防止混凝土入侵。 如果需要加強片板以抵抗由於大垂直反應造成的腹板 5屈曲’可將1部或外部型鋼隔膜配合在使主蓋板片板^ 伸於暫日守或永久性支撐件上方之位置處。 可將中間隔膜或插塞配合在從主蓋板片板3端點之_ 指定距離’且腹板組件中的開口可只在此距離上方衝出。 可達成此作用以增強-複合板材在支撐區域中之垂直剪容 H)量。亦可在複合板材剪式連接至支撐鋼或混凝土標時形成 複合標的貫心混凝土凸緣。 基於類似目的，如果複合樑形成有鋼支撐樑，一對主 蓋板片板3之間及一主蓋板片板3與一填實蓋板片板$之間 的連接部上之小開放搭接部係可局部壓擠在一起或切除以 15消除間隙，因此不會干擾到放置在這些搭接部附近之任何 剪力連接器的效能，不會負面影響主片板的結構性表現。 /、只片板5可固持在任何位置的部位上，以容納垂直建 UV入件可依需要調整片板寬度以適應導入件的佈局。 可使用依用途建造的橋接元件來支撐藉由切割而弱化之任 2〇何主盖板片板，以容納垂直建造導入件，或者從下方暫時 性加以支撐。 主蓋板片板3及填實蓋板片板5可在建造現場上的一工 廠中或地面上預先組裝至較寬的片板内，其中將一給定設 °十^況所需要之任何橫向強化桿配合穿過主蓋板片板的腹 22 200427906 板組件中之開口或定位為坐接在頂弦組件上或與其附接。 這些片板隨後可通常藉由吊具揚升至最後位置内。如果支 撐件不疋扁平狀且可能甚至彎成一拱形，則易於將狹窄的 主及填實蓋板片板且包括橫向強化部調整至支撐件的形 5 狀。 縱向強化桿或後拉張纜線可支撐在位置中以鑄造在主 蓋板片板的相鄰鋼硬化部之間之一複合板材的下區中。 如果主盍板片板的通路構件形成之空隙並未充填有混 凝土，則可視需要使用譬如礦物纖維等替代性材料來改善 10熱反射及絕緣、火燃條件(under fire conditions)及或聲音絕 緣。 一般而a，使用主蓋板片板3及填實蓋板片板5來建造 複合板材。然而，其可容易地以適應非複合及複合樑及板 材配置之不同組合及配置來使用，譬如請見第15及16圖。 15這些類型的應用中，較佳只在主蓋板片板的一側上移除腹 板組件中的開口。 若採用經電蝕的盖板材料，會對於裝設者造成高程度 的反射及眩光。這是經過確認會造成現場安全性及職業健 康與安全性之憂心議題。特別是對於寬頂弦組件及主蓋板 20片板的腹板組件採用單純(dull)(非電蝕）材料，將可大幅地 增強安全性及工人舒適性。 在主及填實蓋板片板3、5之基底組件的盆中使用薄材 料，將導致通路構件之間的橫向偏向，其中此距離愈大則 偏向愈明顯。藉由主蓋板片板的腹板組件對於片板的基底 23 427906 組件之附接，將降低有效橫向跨距且因此降低偏向，藉此 將其盡量降低作為盆厚度的_項設計判斷標準。填實蓋板 片板組件中的空隙亦可具有類似的作用方式，而降低橫向 偏向且可使用極薄材料。 5 彳對於上述之本發明的較佳實施例作ϋ許多修改，而 不脫離本發明之精神與範圍。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1a圖係一具有開放肋的梯形蓋板之一橫截面圖； ία ^ Θ係具有關閉肋的梯形蓋板之一橫截面圖； 第1c圖係一蜂巢式蓋板之一橫截面圖； 第Id圖係具有顯示於第沁圖中型式之關閉肋的二個 機械性連接之梯形蓋板的一橫截面圖； 弟图係本發明之一盍板片部之實施例的基底組件 之； 第2b圖係本發明形成蓋板片部實施例之通路構件側面 的腹板組件之橫截面圖； 第2C圖係本發明形成蓋板片部實施例之一通路構件一 側面的一弦組件之一橫截面圖； 第2d圖係本發明填實蓋板片部之二個實施例之橫截面 2〇圖； 第3 5、ίο·。及15_16圖係本發明蓋板片部之不同實 施例的一系列組合的橫截面圖，以並列重疊關係排列； 第6-8圖係本發明一蓋板片部之實施例的橫截面圖； 第9圖係本發明一蓋板片部之一實施例的一基底組件 25之實施例的—橫戴面圖； 第12圖係一橫截面圖，其詳細描繪本發明一蓋板片部 24 200427906 之一實施例的一通路構件； 第13-14圖本發明蓋板片部之其它實施例的透視圖； 以及 第17圖係本發明一蓋板片部之實施例的一通路構件之 5 側視圖，其說明通路構件中之開口。 【圖式之主要元件代表符號表】 3···主蓋板片板 27,29."開口 5···填實蓋板片板 33…褶波部 7…中央盆 35···往外斜角狀凸緣 9…搭接部 37···往内斜角狀凸緣 11…相對側 39···縱向延伸的硬化部 13…頂部 41，61···浮雕部 17···钮部 45···縱向硬化部 21…扁平盆 55···鋼隔膜 25Steel Products Company) Canadian Patent No. 692135. Japanese Patent No. 11_192613 of NKK Corporation shows a form of honeycomb cover plate including a series of 10 openings in the web of trapezoidal ribs to accommodate lateral reinforcing ribs. It is not possible to know from this patent the manufacturing method of the honeycomb fascia. In any case, the trapezoidal ribs of the sheet are formed as one element and therefore have a uniform thickness similar to a conventional cover plate. These trapezoidal ribs (also referred to as inverted grooves) are individually welded to a flat plate to form a honeycomb type 15 panel of an inverted form as described in Benn's Australian Patent Application No. 12620/70. The transverse reinforcement bar seems to be clipped into the hole in the side of the web and is likely to be used as the shear key in the final composite panel once the concrete has hardened. Please note that the concrete will fill the ribs and cover the cover. Pole. Another configuration shown in this patent application appears to include a transverse reinforcement bar welded to the top of the trapezoidal ribs, which is preset to promote the 20 composite effect between the cover plate and the concrete again. (ii) Recently, a continuous rib has been screwed to the side of the overlap when used as a mold shell to improve the structural performance of a closed rib cover manufactured by Australia (Stramit, s Condeck HP) (see section 1 (d) Figure). This attachment is positioned on the top surface of the cover plate and is cast in concrete and can be designed according to its connection to the ribs. Potentially increase or decrease the strength, but according to the manufacturer's recommendations, the small Lai on the side of the attachment (-is located at the end of the cut /, a = a rib over the rib-is located at the end of the distance_piece ), The span between the towels, the reinforced span 1¾ 4J㈣ attachment base, and (—flred) pin connected to the steel cover 2. The interaction between the screw or firing dagger sheet and the attachment is extremely limited. The manufacturer cannot believe any improvement in flexural stiffness. The peak torque capacity of the moment area of the steel cover plate will increase, but the increase again only affects the low-level longitudinal shear connection between the cover plates. Another major drawback of the present invention is that when purely at its final position in the building, the accessories must be fitted. System ^ = legal trust_ may have no effect on the vertical nature of the cover, and it may be an unsafe conclusion. Modified covers are listed above. General Australian knowledge. [Minerosol L] Summary of the invention The descriptions in (i) and (ii) do not represent that the present invention is an alternative structure cover system for the above system. According to the present invention, there is provided a main cover sheet for a structural fascia system including a plurality of main cover sheets, wherein the main cover sheet includes: ⑷, a base assembly including a central basin and Overlaps on each side of the basin so that adjacent main cover sheets can be positioned side by side in an overlapping relationship, and >)-Reinforcement group in the form of an inverted path member of the mosquito to base assembly 200427906 — own Opposite inverted walls and components formed from the web components are then assembled together to form the access members. The advantage of cutting materials is that the components separated by the H's can be optimized for the cutting of the components. Θ "It is necessary to make the structural elements of the module reach a longitudinal hardened portion. The central pin is preferably located at a position between the hardened portion and the overlap portion, and preferably includes at least a web component, preferably fixed to the base component in the longitudinal direction. The web component is preferred Butt-recording the longitudinal hardened portion and / secret portion. ―It is preferable to form the overlapping portion so that the overlapping portion of the continuous cover sheet can be lowered to the overlapping portion of the other magic sheet to make the continuous cover. The plate plate is positioned side by side in an overlapping relationship with the other cover plate plate. The force is strong, and the pieces are fixed to the base assembly at a plurality of 15 joint positions along the length of the path member. It is better to use the assembly The deformed sections of the components at the interlocked positions secure the reinforcing member to the base module at a plurality of discrete connection positions. The deformed sections are preferably button-shaped. The components can be held together and the button parts can be held from one side of the module The deformation is carried out by pressing 20 segments at equal deformations. The web component and the top chord component are preferably assembled by being fixed together at a plurality of discrete connection positions along the length of the component. The web component and the top chord component are assembled together. Preferably by The deformed sections of the components at the positions where the pieces are interlocked together are fixed together at a plurality of discrete connection positions. The deformed sections are preferably button-shaped. The modules can be held together and the deformed sections can be pressurized from one side of the module Thereby, the deformation section is formed. The car body U also has a web assembly including a flange and the web and the top chord assembly are fixed together on the flange. The top chord assembly preferably includes one or more than one longitudinal hardened portion. The hardened portion is preferably Extend along the length of the top chord assembly. The top chord assembly preferably includes a side turned downward. The longitudinal hardened part of the top chord assembly and the side turned down are provided to strengthen the cover sheet. Specifically, "the longitudinal hardened part And the side system turned downwards increases the stiffness of the top chord component to resist buckling caused by longitudinal compressive load. The web component preferably includes a pleated portion. The pleated portion is preferably a vertical pleated portion. A pleated portion is provided To strengthen the cover sheet. Specifically, the corrugated portion increases the stiffness of the web assembly to resist vertical and longitudinal shear forces. The web assembly preferably includes openings to allow concrete to flow into the passage member. The cover sheet can be Including multiple parallel Reinforcing member. According to the present invention, there is also provided a structural cover plate system formed by a plurality of the above-mentioned main cover plate plates positioned side by side with overlapping portions having overlapping relationships. The structural cover system preferably includes a The filling plate plate between the two main cover plate plates, wherein the filling cover plate plate includes overlap portions on each side of the basin, and these overlap portions are overlap portions with adjacent main cover plate plates. It is overlapped. 200427906 According to the present invention, a composite board is also provided, which includes the structure cover system and the layer-hardened concrete located at the structure cover m. [Embodiment] Best Practice Mode 5 of the present invention The main characteristics of the embodiment of the cover plate and the structure cover system are described below by way of example with reference to Figures 2 to 17. Note that the main cover plate is described in the drawings as "hybrid, cover Slab plate. The structural cover system of the present invention is based on the following modules: 10 (a) the main cover sheet; and (b) the cover sheet. The main and solid cover sheets are generally 2.5 to 9 meters long. Figures 6 to 8 are vertical cross-sectional views perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the embodiment of the main cover sheet including the following: 15 (a) An elongated base assembly including a central basin 7 and a Overlap portions 9 on each side to enable adjacent main cover sheets to be positioned side-by-side in an overlapping relationship; and (4) an elongated reinforcing member in the form of a single inverted path member fixed to the base member, where the path The component includes two opposite sides 11 formed from a web assembly 20 and a top 13 formed from a chord assembly, wherein the web and top chord assembly are made as separate assemblies and then assembled together to form a passage member. Each of the above embodiments In the case, the web assembly is fixed to the base assembly and the top assembly is fixed to the web assembly at discrete positions along the length of the assembly. In the case of the inconsistent embodiment shown in FIGS. 6 to 12 200427906 8, the connection portion is used for The form of the deformed button 17 that interlocks the components together. The nature of the connection between the components is further described later in this article. The embodiments of the solid cover sheet shown in the ® form include a central basin 5 and on The overlapping portions on each side of the plate are positioned side by side in an overlapping relationship with respect to the overlapping portion of the adjacent main cover plate plate. Fig. 2 (d) shows the filling plate plate $ Two specific embodiments. The diagram is not a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the filling plate. The lower embodiment of FIG. 2 (d) has a flat basin 21 and an overlapping portion 9, which are implemented above. The example 10 has a basin 21 with a trapezoidal outline. Figures 3 to 5 and 10 to 11 show a series of different combinations of the main and filled cover sheets connected in a side-by-side overlapping relationship to form a structural cover 糸The main '°°' plate and the filling plate are preferably narrow single units (please see Figure 4 and Figure 4), that is, the unit with a single reinforcing member in the case of the main cover plate. In general, the main fascia and the filling cover sheet are 2000 to 350 mm wide. The present invention is not limited to this configuration and is expanded to have more than one reinforcing member = configuration. The appearance of narrow modules is to keep low Weight per unit length, and allows the sheet to be used in a long length and individually lifted and easily on site Worker operation. The main cover sheet 3, which is the main jumper, can be used by itself (see Figures 3 (a), 4 (a), and 10). Or, because the cover sheet is more expensive than the main The cover sheet is cheaper. The filled cover sheet 5 can be used between the main cover sheets to improve economic efficiency. 13 200427906 (see Figures 3 (b), 4 (b) and 11), and provide Other benefits such as weight reduction. With the padding sheet 5, it is possible to introduce a gap 27 between the adjacent main cover sheet sheets or to accommodate longitudinal prestressed cables or a strong rod placed at a low level on a composite sheet. The main cover sheet 3 is preferably placed in a position that first supports the compact sheet 5. The compact sheet 5 only crosses in a transverse direction perpendicular to the main span. Jia is assembled from purpose-built steel components (see Figures 2, 9 and 12). 10 The main dimensions (such as thickness, width, and height) and mechanical properties of steel components can be changed at the time of manufacture to provide the main cover sheet with more economical than the known cover systems described above and can meet wider and higher standards. The design requirements range from achieving very long unsupported spans (for example up to 8 to 9 meters) and building reinforced concrete floors with minimal overall depth. 15 The different durability needs of each component can also be taken into account, and the steel coating can be changed to improve economic efficiency. The components of the main cover sheet 3 and the compact sheet 5 can be efficiently packed and transported to a remote assembly site. This will centralize major production plants and save shipping costs. 20 The main plate of the main cover plate 5 can be designed according to the application to provide the vertical shear capacity of the south, so that the cover plate can be pre-curved during the manufacturing and accommodate large-scale unreinforced or With reinforced openings, these uses include the passage of transverse steel reinforced rods and prestressed cables. The web assembly of the main cover sheet 3 may include openings 29 200427906 punched along the length of the sheet. General openings are shown in Figures 14 and 17. This effect is particularly needed in situations where it is necessary to partially or completely fill the passage members to form a solid concrete slab or to pass through transverse reinforcing rods and cables and / or building guides. Therefore, it is possible to form a two-way acting concrete plate, and it is possible to achieve an improvement in structural efficiency compared to a single five-way plate. For this purpose, the overlapping portion 9 of the main cover sheet (and the solid cover sheet) should preferably be shallow, such as 20 to 30 mm. The openings 29 in the web assembly of the main cover sheet can be placed close to the end support and still function properly. -In general, the closer side of the opening 29 is 2 to 3 times the height of the web assembly contained in the support of the end point 10. In addition, in general, the height of the opening 29 is not more than 60% of the height of the web assembly. In addition, a 'has a web material gap of at least 15% above and below the opening 29. Computer-controlled punching equipment can be used to set openings 29 as needed along the length of the web assembly. 15 The web assembly of the main cover sheet 3 may have deep vertical corrugations 33 (see Figures 7 and 14). The folds 33 preferably have a pitch of 3 mm and a peak-to-valley height of 3 to 6 mm. The wave detecting section 22 is preferably embossed in the web assembly. With Zenwave, it is possible to achieve vertical shear capacity with the highest allowable height of the thinnest steel sheet. To make it easier to form, the steel grade used for the 20 webs can be reduced compared to other components, which also has economic benefits. For economic reasons, the steel can remain uncoated because the steel is subsequently cast into the concrete. This is also a way to reduce the glare of sunlight, which can pose a safety problem for field workers working on metal-coated covers. The height and spacing of the openings in the web may change along the length of the main cover sheet. The chain 15 is used to accommodate the passage of transverse prestressed iron wires that usually have height variations above the soffit of a sheet. The web assembly of the main cover sheet 3 is preferably formed with an arch in the flat plane. This effect can be achieved by slightly changing the spacing of the 5 vertical pleats or stretching the flanges between the top and bottom areas of the web assembly. The separately formed top chord assembly, the web assembly and the base assembly, together with the web assembly having the above-mentioned arch, can be assembled on a curved bed to create a permanent upward arch in the main cover sheet (Figure 17) ). This allows the design to be controlled by flexural strength rather than flexural stiffness, resulting in a significant reduction in the amount of steel required to make 10 main slabs in any given situation. It also means that a flatter soffit can be produced in the final structure. To assist manufacturing, the web assembly of the main cover sheet 3 is preferably assembled at the same angle in the vertical direction, regardless of its overall height (see Figures 7 and 8). This angle is preferably between 60 and 80. And more preferably 70 to 80. In the range. 15 The distance between the main fascia plate 3 and the web component at the position where it is connected to the base component is preferably kept constant. Therefore, the longitudinally hardened portion of the main cover sheet is changed in its depth on the top, and becomes narrower as the height of the longitudinally hardened portion increases. The web assembly of the main cover sheet 3 may have outwardly beveled flanges or inwardly beveled flanges 37 or outward / inwardly beveled flanges. Options such as 20 are not shown in Figures 2 to 8 and 10 to 12. These options facilitate the connection of the web assembly to the top chord assembly and the base assembly. It may be the case that the upper flanges 35, 37 of the web assembly need to be reinforced. One of these cases is a long wave buckling of the main cover system which lifts the top chord assembly up to 5 to 10 mm to straighten the upper flange of the web assembly. Appropriate 16 200427906 Reinforcement options include placing pleated hardened corners in the corners between the flanges and the upright webs of the web assembly. The opening 29 in the web assembly of the main cover sheet (Figures 14 and 7) can be partially embossed during manufacture, allowing it to be selectively knocked down at the construction site as required. In the example, the 'opening 27' can be knocked down at a position above the inner wall running perpendicular to the span of the cover plate. Therefore, the cover plate does not create a gap above the wall, which would have been an acoustic or fire rating issue. If the support is a steel beam and the shear connector is about to fit into the steel longitudinal hardened part of the main cover sheet that was originally weakened by the rib punch, this method may also need to be used to partially concrete the top of the support. Ground to fill the gap. The top chord assembly of the main fascia plate 3 is preferably designed to gather large areas, which is cheaper, uncoated, and 15 grades lower than the base assembly on the top of the steel fascia. This is a very effective way to increase the torque and twist stiffness of the plate under positive or negative bending conditions. The top chord assembly of the main slab plate 3 is preferably designed to develop a sufficiently high degree of mechanical resistance from the hardened concrete, so that it can function as an effective longitudinal tensile or compressive reinforcement in the composite sheet. The 4 points of mechanical resistance is formed by the discrete connection between the top chord component and the web component. The top chord component can also include a longitudinally extending hardened portion 39 (Figures 7, 8 and 2) or its sides can be bent downwards to 8 and 12) or deformed or stamped to improve the strength of the top chord component. And therefore also improve mechanical resistance without disturbing the integrity of the connections between the 17 components. The top chord assembly of the main cover plate can be designed to take up no volume, that is, to produce its full potential compressive capacity without premature failure due to local buckling. This will be facilitated by having thicker components than normal steel covers. In order not to take up volume, it is preferably attached longitudinally with a tight center along the length of the main cover sheet to the web assembly of the main cover sheet. & The top chord assembly of the main cover sheet 3 is preferably wide so that it forms a large surface area for walking during construction and provides a wide support for reinforcing rods placed laterally on top of the assembly. 10 Because the top chord assembly of the main cover sheet 3 is preferably thicker than the normal steel cover, this will greatly strengthen the accidental damage on site and during operation—just like Λ '— and t' top The thickness of the chord component :: on the web component. -In general, the top chord component can reach a maximum of 3 to 4 times the thickness of the web chord component. The end of the top chord component of the plate plate 3 may be provided with additional ^ ^-additional mechanical resistance formed in the area Mechanical properties (such as carved parts and punched holes), which significantly reduces the length of the lap bar required above the branch area during negative bending. 20: The top chord assembly of the slab may be provided with mechanical characteristics along the length (Figure 41 (Figures 6 to 8 and 12)) to improve the mechanical interlocking with the hardened concrete. The base component of the main cover sheet 3 can be designed to gather a large area according to the purpose: near the lower end of the steel cover plate-large longitudinal tension or compression ^ 疋 It is extremely efficient for use under positive or negative bending conditions A way to enhance the moment capacity and flexural stiffness of the plate 18. The base component of the main cover sheet 3 preferably includes a longitudinally hardened portion 45 (preferably 20 to 30 mm high), see FIGS. 6 to 11. The hardened portion 45 in the soil base assembly is also beneficial to the main cover sheet plate core assembly. Specifically, the portion of the base member between the 'hardened portion 45 and the overlap portion 9 forms a footprint for the lower flange 35 of the web member. In addition, it is preferred that the hardened portion of the base component be "formed such that the lower and upwardly extending portion of the web component abuts against the hardened portion, and this configuration facilitates the mechanical interlocking of the components of the main cover sheet The base component of the main cover sheet can be rolled from the thinnest and most reasonable electro-etched high tensile steel sheet 如 4 such as G550, 0.55 mm. Electro-etching can make the arch of the cover sheet durable, and can also be based on additional corrosion resistance It is pre-painted for the purpose of appearance or function. It is preferable to design the base component of the main cover sheet 3 together with the web component and its connecting portion to form a sufficiently high degree of mechanical resistance from the hardened concrete, It can be used as a highly effective longitudinal branch stretch or compressive reinforcement in a composite sheet. The base component of the main cover sheet can be slightly modified to use the component as a ~ filling cover sheet. Figure 9 This modified sheet can be used as a filling sheet. The sheet shown in Fig. 9 includes a relief 61 and is formed with a main cover sheet that can be positioned adjacent to each other in a parallel manner. Overlap part 9 overfill part The cover sheet can be designed according to the purpose to economically cover a gap between the adjacent main brass sheets. 19 5 It is preferable to design the overlap portion 9 of the main and filled cover sheets 3 and 5 as: At the final position of the filling material, the installation plate ST can be installed from the top (see Figures 5, 10 and 11). This feature can be used to understand the filling and covering force. Conversely, the mixed cover sheet system has a very limited capacity. Longitudinal bridging energy ^ Jiami's filled cover sheet is designed to be: hardened concrete = mechanical resistance of sufficient purity, and the role of the compound in the composite sheet through effective use of longitudinal stretch or compressive reinforcement In order to achieve this effect, 10 Z densely designed the overlap to hold the concrete, and based on this purpose, the sheet can be anti-relief (see Figure 9) or formed in other ways. The cover sheet 5 can be filled. A variety of different shapes, such as flat can include-slight correction) to provide-the last ride reduction, or trapezoidal to create a ribbed unidirectional composite board. 15. Filling the cover sheet can also be equipped with such as benzene Internal voids, such as a block of ethylene, to reduce the volume of the concrete (Figure ^ ㈡). Long, two, and two, the sheet is preferably formed from a reasonable and thinnest electro-etched high tensile steel sheet such as G550 G. 55 mm. Pressing and forming can be made by electric rice. Corrosion or pre-painting based on appearance and function. 20 The components of the main cover sheet 3 can be assembled together without welding, and its advantages come from the pre-painting and other high-quality films. Material coatings are used on exposed soffits that might otherwise be used to handle damaged panels. Options for non-welded connections include glued, deformed, percussive (non-perforated) and conventional mechanical fasteners. 20 200427906 As mentioned above-the preferred non-welded connection option as shown is in the form of the "Section" 17 that presses the component at the connection position (specifically, the second figure uses 2 components at the connection position The connection is made by holding on to the button part of Gu Shi Er to the side of the module and pressing and deforming the module through the module and pressing and deforming the material from the other side of the module. The end result of this process is that the components are interlocked at the connection position, so the connector can carry the longitudinal and lateral shear forces according to the needs of a given design. By connecting the components of the main cover sheet 3 together, an important contribution can be made to the mechanical resistance formed by these sheets in the hardened concrete. Moreover, due to the specific load and support conditions that may be experienced when using the main cover sheet, the connection of the components, especially the design of the connection frequency along the length of the sheet, can be changed as needed. When the opening 29 is punched in the web assembly of the main cover sheet 3, it is also preferable to set a small air respirator in the top of the web assembly at the same time to allow air to escape from the top chord when the 15 concrete is poured. The component escapes, so as to use proper vibration of concrete to ensure that the void formed by the steel longitudinal hardened portion of the main cover sheet is effectively filled with concrete, so a solid plate can be formed. The top chord assembly may also be provided with an opening (not shown). Especially when the steel hardened part of these sheets is filled with concrete, the corrugated web components of the main cover 20 sheets 3 can contribute as longitudinal steel in the composite sheet, so the web components are embedded in the concrete Occasionally difficult to slide vertically. The main and filling cover plates 3, 5 can be made into any length. The steel diaphragm 55 (Fig. 13) can be fitted close to the end point of the main cover sheet 3 to strengthen the web assembly to resist buckling due to the large vertical reaction occurring at these locations. 21 200427906 These diaphragms 55 also serve as plugs to the ends of the access members of the main cover sheet to prevent concrete intrusion when needed. If it is necessary to strengthen the sheet to resist the web due to a large vertical response 5 buckling ', one or an external steel diaphragm can be fitted at the position where the main cover sheet ^ extends above the temporary sun guard or permanent support. The intermediate diaphragm or plug can be fitted at a specified distance from the end of the main cover sheet 3 and the opening in the web assembly can be punched out only above this distance. This effect can be achieved to enhance the vertical shear capacity of the composite sheet in the support area. It is also possible to form a composite standard through-concrete flange when the composite plate is shear-connected to a supporting steel or concrete standard. For similar purposes, if the composite beam is formed with a steel support beam, the small openings at the joints between a pair of main cover sheet 3 and between a main cover sheet 3 and a filled cover sheet $ The joints can be partially squeezed together or cut to eliminate clearance, so it will not interfere with the performance of any shear connectors placed near these overlaps, and will not adversely affect the structural performance of the main board. /. Only the sheet plate 5 can be held at any position to accommodate the vertical UV inserts. The sheet width can be adjusted as needed to fit the layout of the lead-in parts. The purpose-built bridging element can be used to support any of the main cover sheets weakened by cutting to accommodate vertical construction guides, or temporarily supported from below. The main cover sheet 3 and the solid cover sheet 5 can be pre-assembled into a wider sheet in a factory on the construction site or on the ground, where any given setting is required The transverse reinforcing rod cooperates through the opening of the main cover plate plate 22 200427906 or is positioned to sit on or attach to the top chord assembly. These plates can then be lifted into the final position, usually by a spreader. If the supporting member is not flat and may even be bent into an arch, it is easy to adjust the narrow main and filling cover sheet plates and including the transverse reinforcing portion to the shape of the supporting member. Longitudinal stiffening rods or post-tensioned cables may be supported in position for casting in the lower area of a composite panel between adjacent steel hardened portions of the main cover sheet. If the voids formed by the passage members of the main slabs are not filled with concrete, alternative materials such as mineral fibers can be used as needed to improve heat reflection and insulation, under fire conditions, and / or sound insulation. Generally, a, the main cover sheet 3 and the compact cover sheet 5 are used to construct a composite sheet. However, it can easily be used in different combinations and configurations of non-composite and composite beam and plate configurations, see, for example, Figures 15 and 16. 15 In these types of applications, it is preferred to remove the opening in the web assembly only on one side of the main cover sheet. The use of electrically corroded cover materials will cause a high degree of reflection and glare to the installer. This is an issue that has been identified as causing concern for site safety and occupational health and safety. In particular, the use of pure (non-electrolytic) materials for the web components of the wide top chord assembly and the main cover plate of 20 sheets will greatly enhance safety and worker comfort. The use of thin materials in the basins of the base components of the main and filled cover sheet plates 3, 5 will result in a lateral deflection between the passage members, where the larger the distance the more the deflection will be. The attachment of the web assembly of the main cover sheet to the base of the sheet 23 427906 assembly will reduce the effective lateral span and therefore the deflection, thereby minimizing it as a design criterion for the thickness of the pot. Filling the gaps in the cover sheet assembly can also have a similar effect, reducing lateral deflection and using extremely thin materials. 5. Many modifications are made to the preferred embodiment of the invention described above without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. [Schematic description] Figure 1a is a cross-sectional view of a trapezoidal cover with open ribs; ία ^ Θ is a cross-sectional view of a trapezoidal cover with closed ribs; Figure 1c is a honeycomb cover A cross-sectional view; FIG. Id is a cross-sectional view of a trapezoidal cover plate with two mechanical connections of a closing rib of the type shown in FIG. Fig. 2b is a cross-sectional view of a web assembly on the side of a passage member forming an embodiment of a cover sheet portion according to the present invention; Fig. 2C is a passage member 1 of an embodiment of forming a cover sheet portion according to the present invention; A cross-sectional view of one of the chord components on the side; FIG. 2d is a cross-sectional view 20 of two embodiments of the present invention for filling the cover sheet portion; FIG. 35, ίο ·. 15 and 16 are cross-sectional views of a series of combinations of different embodiments of the cover sheet portion of the present invention, arranged in a side-by-side overlapping relationship; FIGS. 6-8 are cross-sectional views of an embodiment of a cover sheet portion of the present invention; FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a base assembly 25 according to an embodiment of a cover sheet portion of the present invention; FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a cover sheet portion 24 of the present invention in detail 200427906 a passage member of one embodiment; FIGS. 13-14 are perspective views of other embodiments of the cover plate portion of the present invention; and FIG. 17 is a fifth view of a passage member of an embodiment of a cover plate portion of the present invention A side view illustrating the opening in the access member. [Representative symbols for the main components of the drawing] 3 ... The main cover sheet 27,29. &Quot; Opening 5 ... Complete the cover sheet 33 ... Folding section 7 ... Central basin 35 ... Outward Beveled flange 9 ... Lap portion 37 ... Inwardly beveled flange 11 ... Opposite side 39 ... Hardened portion 13 extending longitudinally ... Top 41, 61 ... Embossed portion 17 ... 45 ·································