TR2023003509A2 - OLEIC ACID PRODUCTION FROM WASTE OILS - Google Patents
OLEIC ACID PRODUCTION FROM WASTE OILSInfo
- Publication number
- TR2023003509A2 TR2023003509A2 TR2023/003509 TR2023003509A2 TR 2023003509 A2 TR2023003509 A2 TR 2023003509A2 TR 2023/003509 TR2023/003509 TR 2023/003509 TR 2023003509 A2 TR2023003509 A2 TR 2023003509A2
- Authority
- TR
- Turkey
- Prior art keywords
- oleic acid
- methanol
- acid
- mixture
- fatty acids
- Prior art date
Links
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- YEYZNBKNDWPFSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol;urea Chemical compound OC.NC(N)=O YEYZNBKNDWPFSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 26
- 235000007466 Corylus avellana Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 241000723382 Corylus Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000001543 Corylus americana Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 240000007817 Olea europaea Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 240000009226 Corylus americana Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000207836 Olea <angiosperm> Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 41
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 235000019487 Hazelnut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010468 hazelnut oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000001195 (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004857 zone melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N palmitic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(=O)O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 stearic Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TWJNQYPJQDRXPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyanobenzohydrazide Chemical compound NNC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C#N TWJNQYPJQDRXPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical class OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000021360 Myristic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Myristic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCKXLBQYZLBQEK-KVVVOXFISA-M Sodium oleate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O BCKXLBQYZLBQEK-KVVVOXFISA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035876 healing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QWIDXEUVWSDDQX-SVMKZPJVSA-N octadecanoic acid;(z)-octadec-9-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O QWIDXEUVWSDDQX-SVMKZPJVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020777 polyunsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010465 pomace olive oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008149 soap solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octadecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003799 water insoluble solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
Abstract
Buluş, yenilenebilir kaynaklardan olan bitkisel veya hayvansal trigliseritlerden yola çıkarak atık maddelerden oleik asit elde etme yöntemi ile ilgilidir. Buluşta, özellikle zeytin, zeytin atıkları, fındık ve fındık atıklarından üretim sağlanmaktadır. Buna göre yağlardan ilk olarak yağ asitleri elde edilmekte daha sonra üre metanol metodu ve/veya bölgesel eritme işlemi ile saflaştırılabilmektedir. Eğer istenirse de yağ asitleri karışımı etanol veya metanol çözeltisinden kristallendirilebilmektedir. Nihai durumda, %100?e yakın saflıkta oleik asit üretilmektedir.The invention relates to the method of obtaining oleic acid from waste materials using vegetable or animal triglycerides, which are renewable resources. In the invention, production is provided especially from olives, olive wastes, hazelnuts and hazelnut wastes. Accordingly, fatty acids are first obtained from oils, and then they can be purified by the urea-methanol method and/or regional melting process. If desired, the fatty acid mixture can be crystallized from ethanol or methanol solution. In the final case, oleic acid of nearly 100% purity is produced.
Description
TARIFNAME ATIK YAGLARDAN 0LEIK ASIT ÜRETIMI TEKNIK ALAN Bulus, yenilenebilir kaynaklardan olan bitkisel veya hayvansal trigliseritlerden yola çikarak atik maddelerden oleik asit elde etme yöntemi ile ilgilidir. TEKNIGIN BILINEN DURUMU Oleik asit 18 karbonlu ve 9-10 karbonlar arasinda bir çift baga sahip bir yag asididir. Hemen hemen bütün bitkisel ve hayvansal trigliseritlerde bulunmakta olan oleik asidin, en çok bulugundugu yag grubu zeytinyagi ve findik yagidir. Erime noktasi 13,4 0C, kaynama noktasi ise 360 0C olup, molekül kütlesi 282,47 g dir. Oleik asidin yapisi Tipik bir zeytinyagi trigliseridi asagida gösterilmektedir. Zeytinyagi elde edildigi kaynaga bagli olarak %55-83 civarinda, findik yagi ise yine elde edildigi kaynaga bagli olarak %71-91 oraninda oleik asit içermektedir. Don yaginda yaklasik %50, ayçiçek yaginda ise %14-43 oraninda oleik asit bulunmaktadir. Oleik asit dogal olarak elde edilen bir yag asididir. Stearik asit gibi özel katalizörler kullanilarak etilenden elde edilmez. Dogal yaglarda belli oranlarda bulunan oleik asidi saflastirmak gerekmektedir. Bitkisel trigliseritler içerisinden yag asitlerini elde etmek için trigliseritlerin sabunlastirilmasi gerekmektedir. Bunun içinde bazik maddeler kullanilmaktadir. Bunlar sodyum hidroksit, potasyum hidroksit gibi yaygin ve ucuz malzemeler olabilecegi gibi nispeten biraz daha pahali olmakla birlikte sodyum ve potasyum disinda kalan 1A grubu metallerin hidroksitleri, yine 1A grubu metallerin karbonatlari ve bikarbonatlari ile amonyak bu amaçla kullanilabilir. Tipik bir zeytinyagi trigliseridi Asagida zeytinyagindan serbest yag asitlerinin elde edilme süreci verilmektedir. Bu süreçte önce saponifikasyon (sabunlasma) islemi ve ardindan elde edilen sabunlarin uygun bir asit katilmasi islemi ile serbest yag asitlerine döndürülmesi gösterilmektedir. saponifikasyon Sodyum oleat Sodyum stearat Asitlendirme Oleik asit Stearik asit Serbest yag asitlerinin elde edilmesi süreci Kaynak olarak zeytinyagi ve zeytin atiklarindan elde edilen zeytinyaginin kullanilmasi durumunda en düsük %55 en fazla %83 oraninda oleik asit içeren bir karisim elde edilmektedir. Bu islem findik yagi ve findik atiklarindan elde edilen yaglara uygulandiginda ise en az %71 en fazla %91 oleik asit içeren bir karisim üretilmektedir. Oleik asit miktari arttirilmak istenirse elde edilen yag asidi karisimlarina üre/metanol metodu uygulanmaktadir. Bu yöntem ile kullanilan yagdaki doymamis yag asitlerinin de miktarina bagli olarak karisimdaki oleik asit yüzdesi en az %10 oraninda arttirilabilmektedir. Kullanilan üre ve metanol orani ayarlandiginda ve ortamdaki tek doymamis yag asidi olmasi halinde oleik asit yüzdesi %100,lere ulasmaktadir Yag asidi karisiminda çoklu doymamisliga sahip linoleik ve linolenik asitler gibi maddeler varsa bu durumda üre/metanol saflastirilmasi yetersiz kalir. Bu gibi durumlarda üre/metanol metoduna ilaveten iki adim daha uygulanabilmektedir. Bunlar bölgesel eritme (zone melting) ve %50 lik etanol (veya metanol) çözeltisinde bekletme yöntemleridir. Bölgesel eritme metodunda yag asitlerinin erime sicakliklarinin farkli olmasindan faydalanilmaktadir. Stearik, palmitik, oleik, linoleik ve linolenik asitlerin 0C civarinda bekletilirse içindeki stearik ve palmitik asit büyük oranda katilasarak ayrilacaktir. Yag asidi karisimi preslenip filtre edilirse sadece doymamis yag asitleri ortamda kalmis olur. Daha sonra bu doymamis yag asitleri karisimi 5 0C gibi bir sicaklikta bekletilirse sadece oleik asit çökerek ortamdan uzaklastirilmaktadir. Diger saflastirma yöntemi olan etanol veya metanolde kristallendirme yönteminde ise yag asitleri karisiminin etanol veya metanol çözeltilerinden faydalanilmaktadir. Yag asitleri karisiminin %50,lige kadar etanol veya metanol çözeltileri hazirlanabilmektedir. Bu çözeltiler 0 oC,nin altinda uygun görülen sicakliklarda bekletilirse oleik asit kristalleserek ortamdan ayrilmaktadir. Çözelti içerisinde ise linoleik ve linolenik asitler gibi çoklu doymamis yag asitleri kalmaktadir. Sonuç olarak, yukarida anlatilan olumsuzluklardan dolayi ve mevcut çözümlerin konu hakkindaki yetersizligi nedeniyle ilgili teknik alanda bir gelistirme yapilmasi gerekli kilinmistir. BULUSUN KISA AÇIKLAMASI Mevcut bulus, yukarida bahsedilen gereksinimleri karsilayan, tüm dezavantajlari ortadan kaldiran ve ilave bazi avantajlar getiren, oleik asit elde etme yöntemi ile Bulus, mevcut durumlardan esinlenerek olusturulup yukarida belirtilen olumsuzluklari çözmeyi amaçlamaktadir. Bulusun amaci, yenilenebilir kaynaklardan olan bitkisel veya hayvansal trigliseritlerden (özellikle de prina yagi ve findik yagindan) yola çikarak atik maddelerden oleik asit elde etmektir. Bulus konusu yöntemde, prina atiklarindan elde edilen zeytinyagi basta olma üzere, findik yagi ve findik atiklarindan elde edilen yaglar veya atik olmus trigliseritlerden faydalanilmaktadir. Söz konusu kaynaklar oleik asidin disinda stearik, palmitik, linoleik ve linolenik asitler gibi çesitli yag asitlerini içermektedir. Bunlarin arasindan oleik asidin saf olarak eldesi tek islemde mümkün olamamaktadir. Bu sebeple basamaklar halinde degisik saflastirma islem adimlari uygulanabilmektedir. Bulusta trigliseritlerde ilk olarak serbest yag asitlerinin eldesi daha sonra ise bu yag asitleri karisimlarindan ise oleik asidin saflastirilmasi asamalar halinde açiklanmaktadir. SEKILLER Sekil l,de bölgesel eritme (zone melting) sistemi birinci kismi verilmektedir. Sekil 2,de bölgesel eritme sisteminin iç (membran) kismi verilmektedir. Sekil 3,te bölgesel eritme (zone melting) sistemi ikinci kismi verilmektedir. REFERANSLAR l Membran filtre 2 Yag asidi karisimi girisi 3 Doymamis yag asidi çikisi 4 Kati yag asidi çikisi Doymus yag asidi çikisi 6 Birinci üniteden gelen siVi kisim 7 Sivi yag asidi çikisi BULUSUN DETAYLI AÇIKLAMASI Bu detayli açiklamada, bulusa konu olan yöntemin tercih edilen yapilanmalari, sadece konunun daha iyi anlasilmasina yönelik olarak açiklanmaktadir. Bulus, yenilenebilir kaynaklardan olan bitkisel veya hayvansal trigliseritlerden yola çikarak atik maddelerden oleik asit üretim yöntemi ile ilgilidir. Söz konusu üretim yönteminde, ilk olarak, trigliseritlerden yag asitleri elde edilmektedir. Bu islem adiminda, yag asitleri elde edilmesi sürecinde saponifikasyon ve asitlendirme uygulanmaktadir. Örnegin kullabilir alternatiIlerden olan zeytinyagi sabunlastirildiktan (saponifiye edildikten) ve asitlendirildikten sonra en az %55,lik oleik asit elde edilmektedir. Zeytinyagi yerine kaynak olarak findik yagi kullanilirsa en az %70,lik oleik asit elde edilmesi mümkündür. Daha yüksek saIlikta oleik asit isteniyorsa asagida belirtilen ekstra islemlerin uygulanmasi gerekir. Bahsedilen saIlastirma amacina uygun olarak, üre metanol yöntemi ile saIlastirma yapilmaktadir. Bu sayede %80 veya üstü saIlastirma saglandigi tespit edilmistir. Üre yöntemi yeterli gelmezse zone melting denilen bölgesel eritme yöntemi ile saIlastirma uygulanabilmektedir. Eger bölgesel eritme uygun görülmez ise veya ona ilave olarak etanol /metanol gibi bir solventle kristallesme saglanmaktadir. Nihai durumda, %100,e yakin saIlikta oleik asit üretilmektedir. Bulus kapsaminda oleik asit üretim yöntemini olusturan islem adimlarina iliskin örneklere asagida yer verilmektedir. Bu örnekler, herhangi bir kisitlayici anlam ihtiva etmeksizin, bulusun uygulanmasina ve etkinligine iliskin örnek teskil etmektedir. Örnek 1: Atik Yagdan Serbest Yag Asidi Eldesi Mekanik karistirici ile teçhiz edilmis 25 litrelik reaktöre 10 kilogram atik yag eklenir. Bu yag 80 oCaye isitilir. Bu sicaklikta 2,4 kg (%50,lik) sodyum hidroksit ilave edilir. Hizla viskozitesi artan ve macun kivamina gelen karisim en az 2 saat daha karistirilir. Süre sonunda alinan örnek sogudugunda hemen katilasir ve elde yagli bir his birakmaz. Bu asamada saponifikasyon tamamlanmistir denilir ve sicak sabun çözeltisinde asamali olarak uygun bir asidin çözeltisi ilave edilir ve serbest yag asitleri elde edilmis olunur. Kullanilan asidin cinsine bagli olarak bu islem birkaç saat devam eder. Yag asidi eldesi hizlandirilmak istenirse ortama diklorometan, kloroform, etil asetat gibi düsük kaynama noktali ve suda çözünmeyen solventler ilave edilerek yag asitleri karisimi elde edilir. Daha sonra bu solventler uçurulur. Eger istenirse bu yag asitleri karisimi oleik asit yüzdesini arttirmak için sonraki asamalara tabi tutulur. Örnek 2: Üre Metanol Metodu Ile Oleik Asitin SaIlastirilmasi 100 litrelik isiticili, geri sogutucu takviyeli ve karistiricili bir reaktöre 50 litre metanol konur. Isitilmaya baslanan metanole daha sonra istenildigi taktirde 40 kg,a kadar ancak optimal olarak 20 kg,a kadar üre konur. Üre çözünmesini müteakip en fazla 40 kg kadar ancak optimal olarak 20 kg,a kadar oleik asit ilave edilir. Tüm çözelti berraklasana kadar karistirma devam eder. Berraklasan çözelti sogumaya birakilir. Soguyan metanol çözeltisi daha sonra süzülerek üreden arindirilir. Baska bir reaktörde metanol uçurulur ve ortamda öre kalmissa bu karisim 10,ar litrelik suyla 4 kere yikanir ve vakum uygulanarak 4 saat 50 0C sicaklikta kurutulur. Bu islemlerin sonunda yag asidi karisiminin elde edildigi kaynaga bagli olarak %100 saIliga çok yakin bir oleik asit elde edilmektedir. Örnek 3: Bölge Erime Metodu ile Oleik Asidin SaIlastirilmasi litrelik sogutucu sistemli ve filtreli reaktöre 15 kg saf olmayan oleik asit karisimi ilave edilir. Yag asidi karisimi kademeli olarak 5 0Üye kadar sogutulur. Bu asamada yag asidi karisiminda bulunan stearik, plamitik, miristik asit gibi asitler ayrilamaktadir. Bu yag asidi karisimi filtrelenirse siVi kisimda ana bilesen oleik asit olmak üzere linoleik ve linoleinik asit gibi doymamis yag asitlerinide içeren bir karisim elde edilmektedir. Bu karisim tekrar ayni veya farkli bir reaktörde 5 0C sicakliga kadar sogutulursa bu seferde oleik asit donmaktadir. Bu karisim filtrelenirse siVi olan linoleik ve linolenik asitler ayrilacaktir ve %100 saIliga çok yakin bir oleik asit elde edilmektedir. Örnek 4: Etanol Çözeltisi Halinde SaIlastirma 100 litrelik sogutuculu, filtre sistemli ve karistiricili bir reaktöre 50 litre metanol veya etanol konur. Bunun içine 50 kg,a kadar oleik asit karisimi konur. Sogutucu sistemi yardimiyla sicaklik -15 oC,a kadar düsürülür. Bu sicakliga gelene kadar karistirma uygulanir. Daha sonra bu sicaklikta en fazla 1 gün bekletilen karisim süzülür. Filtrenin üstünde kalan oleik asit kristalleri %100,e yakin saIliktadir ve herhangi bir saIlastirma islemine tabi tutulmadan kullanilabilir. TR TR DESCRIPTION OLEIC ACID PRODUCTION FROM WASTE OILS TECHNICAL FIELD The invention relates to the method of obtaining oleic acid from waste materials using vegetable or animal triglycerides, which are renewable resources. STATE OF THE ART Oleic acid is a fatty acid with 18 carbons and a double bond between carbons 9-10. Oleic acid, which is found in almost all plant and animal triglycerides, is mostly found in olive oil and hazelnut oil. Its melting point is 13.4 0C, its boiling point is 360 0C and its molecular mass is 282.47 g. The structure of oleic acid A typical olive oil triglyceride is shown below. Olive oil contains around 55-83% oleic acid, depending on the source it is obtained from, and hazelnut oil contains 71-91% oleic acid, depending on the source it is obtained from. There is approximately 50% oleic acid in tallow and 14-43% in sunflower oil. Oleic acid is a naturally obtained fatty acid. It is not obtained from ethylene using special catalysts such as stearic acid. It is necessary to purify oleic acid, which is found in certain proportions in natural oils. To obtain fatty acids from vegetable triglycerides, triglycerides must be saponified. Basic substances are used for this. These can be common and cheap materials such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, or although they are relatively more expensive, hydroxides of group 1A metals other than sodium and potassium, carbonates and bicarbonates of group 1A metals, and ammonia can be used for this purpose. A typical olive oil triglyceride Below is the process of obtaining free fatty acids from olive oil. In this process, first the saponification process and then the resulting soaps are converted into free fatty acids by an appropriate acid addition process. saponification Sodium oleate Sodium stearate Acidification Oleic acid Stearic acid The process of obtaining free fatty acids. When olive oil and olive oil obtained from olive waste are used as the source, a mixture containing at least 55% and at most 83% oleic acid is obtained. When this process is applied to hazelnut oil and oils obtained from hazelnut waste, a mixture containing at least 71% and at most 91% oleic acid is produced. If it is desired to increase the amount of oleic acid, the urea/methanol method is applied to the fatty acid mixtures obtained. With this method, the percentage of oleic acid in the mixture can be increased by at least 10%, depending on the amount of unsaturated fatty acids in the oil used. When the ratio of urea and methanol used is adjusted and it is the only unsaturated fatty acid in the environment, the percentage of oleic acid reaches 100%. If there are polyunsaturated substances such as linoleic and linolenic acids in the fatty acid mixture, then urea/methanol purification will be insufficient. In such cases, two more steps can be applied in addition to the urea/methanol method. These are zone melting and soaking in 50% ethanol (or methanol) solution. In the regional melting method, the different melting temperatures of fatty acids are used. If stearic, palmitic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids are kept at around 0C, the stearic and palmitic acid in them will solidify and separate to a large extent. If the fatty acid mixture is pressed and filtered, only unsaturated fatty acids remain in the environment. Then, if this mixture of unsaturated fatty acids is kept at a temperature of 5 0C, only oleic acid precipitates and is removed from the environment. In the other purification method, crystallization in ethanol or methanol, ethanol or methanol solutions of the fatty acid mixture are used. Ethanol or methanol solutions of up to 50% of the fatty acid mixture can be prepared. If these solutions are kept at appropriate temperatures below 0 °C, oleic acid crystallizes and separates from the environment. Polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic and linolenic acids remain in the solution. As a result, due to the negativities described above and the inadequacy of existing solutions on the subject, it has become necessary to make a development in the relevant technical field. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention is inspired by the existing situations and aims to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks with the method of obtaining oleic acid, which meets the above-mentioned requirements, eliminates all disadvantages and brings some additional advantages. The aim of the invention is to obtain oleic acid from waste materials using vegetable or animal triglycerides (especially pomace oil and hazelnut oil), which are renewable resources. In the method of the invention, primarily olive oil obtained from pomace waste, hazelnut oil and oils obtained from hazelnut waste or waste triglycerides are used. In addition to oleic acid, the sources in question include various fatty acids such as stearic, palmitic, linoleic and linolenic acids. Among these, it is not possible to obtain pure oleic acid in a single process. For this reason, different purification process steps can be applied step by step. In the invention, firstly obtaining free fatty acids from triglycerides and then purifying oleic acid from mixtures of these fatty acids are explained in stages. FIGURES Figure 1 shows the first part of the zone melting system. Figure 2 shows the inner (membrane) part of the regional melting system. Figure 3 shows the second part of the zone melting system. REFERENCES l Membrane filter 2 Fatty acid mixture inlet 3 Unsaturated fatty acid outlet 4 Solid fatty acid outlet Saturated fatty acid outlet 6 Liquid part coming from the first unit 7 Liquid fatty acid outlet DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In this detailed description, preferred embodiments of the method subject to the invention are only mentioned. It is explained for a better understanding of the subject. The invention relates to the method of producing oleic acid from waste materials using vegetable or animal triglycerides, which are renewable resources. In this production method, firstly, fatty acids are obtained from triglycerides. In this process step, saponification and acidification are applied in the process of obtaining fatty acids. For example, after olive oil, which is one of the available alternatives, is saponified and acidified, at least 55% oleic acid is obtained. If hazelnut oil is used as a source instead of olive oil, it is possible to obtain at least 70% oleic acid. If higher health oleic acid is desired, the extra procedures mentioned below must be applied. In accordance with the mentioned purification purpose, purification is carried out by the urea methanol method. In this way, it has been determined that 80% or above improvement is achieved. If the urea method is not sufficient, healing can be applied with a regional melting method called zone melting. If local melting is not deemed appropriate or in addition, crystallization is achieved with a solvent such as ethanol / methanol. In the final case, almost 100% healthy oleic acid is produced. Examples of the process steps that constitute the oleic acid production method within the scope of the invention are given below. These examples constitute examples of the application and effectiveness of the invention, without containing any restrictive meaning. Example 1: Obtaining Free Fatty Acid from Waste Oil 10 kilograms of waste oil is added to the 25 liter reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer. This oil is heated to 80 oC. At this temperature, 2.4 kg (50%) sodium hydroxide is added. The mixture, whose viscosity increases rapidly and reaches a paste consistency, is stirred for at least 2 more hours. When the sample taken cools down at the end of the period, it hardens immediately and does not leave an oily feeling on the hand. At this stage, saponification is said to be completed and a suitable acid solution is gradually added to the hot soap solution and free fatty acids are obtained. Depending on the type of acid used, this process continues for several hours. If the fatty acid extraction is desired to be accelerated, low-boiling and water-insoluble solvents such as dichloromethane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate are added to the medium to obtain a mixture of fatty acids. These solvents are then evaporated. If desired, this mixture of fatty acids is subjected to subsequent steps to increase the percentage of oleic acid. Example 2: Purification of Oleic Acid Using the Urea-Methanol Method 50 liters of methanol is placed in a reactor with a 100-litre heater, back-cooler reinforcement and stirrer. After the methanol is heated, up to 40 kg of urea is added if desired, but optimally up to 20 kg. Following the dissolution of urea, a maximum of 40 kg of oleic acid, but optimally up to 20 kg of oleic acid, is added. Mixing continues until the entire solution becomes clear. The clarified solution is left to cool. The cooled methanol solution is then filtered to remove urea. In another reactor, methanol is evaporated and if it remains in the environment, this mixture is washed 4 times with 10 liters of water and dried at 50 0C for 4 hours by applying vacuum. At the end of these processes, an oleic acid that is very close to 100% healthy is obtained, depending on the source from which the fatty acid mixture is obtained. Example 3: Purification of Oleic Acid by Zone Melting Method: 15 kg of impure oleic acid mixture is added to the liter reactor with cooling system and filter. The fatty acid mixture is gradually cooled to 5 °C. At this stage, acids such as stearic, plamitic and myristic acid in the fatty acid mixture are separated. If this fatty acid mixture is filtered, a mixture containing oleic acid as the main component in the liquid part and unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic and linoleinic acid is obtained. If this mixture is cooled again to 5 0C in the same or a different reactor, this time oleic acid freezes. If this mixture is filtered, the liquid linoleic and linolenic acids will be separated and an oleic acid that is very close to 100% health is obtained. Example 4: Purification in Ethanol Solution 50 liters of methanol or ethanol are placed in a reactor with a 100-litre cooler, filter system and stirrer. Up to 50 kg of oleic acid mixture is added into it. With the help of the cooling system, the temperature is reduced to -15 oC. Mixing is applied until this temperature is reached. Then, the mixture is kept at this temperature for a maximum of 1 day and is filtered. The oleic acid crystals remaining on the filter are nearly 100% healthy and can be used without any purification process. TR TR
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