TR201808882T4 - A new inorganic, halogen-free flame retardant based on a chemically modified, reconstituted red sludge. - Google Patents
A new inorganic, halogen-free flame retardant based on a chemically modified, reconstituted red sludge. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TR201808882T4 TR201808882T4 TR2018/08882T TR201808882T TR201808882T4 TR 201808882 T4 TR201808882 T4 TR 201808882T4 TR 2018/08882 T TR2018/08882 T TR 2018/08882T TR 201808882 T TR201808882 T TR 201808882T TR 201808882 T4 TR201808882 T4 TR 201808882T4
- Authority
- TR
- Turkey
- Prior art keywords
- flame retardant
- compounds
- iron
- flame
- modified
- Prior art date
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- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 180
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
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- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 131
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Classifications
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
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- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
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- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
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- C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
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- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
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- C05F7/005—Waste water from industrial processing material neither of agricultural nor of animal origin
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
- C09K21/02—Inorganic materials
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- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
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- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/02—Shape or form of insulating materials, with or without coverings integral with the insulating materials
- F16L59/028—Composition or method of fixing a thermally insulating material
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- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
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- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
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- H05K9/00—Screening of apparatus or components against electric or magnetic fields
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- C01F7/04—Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom
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- C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
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- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
- Compounds Of Iron (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Pigments, Carbon Blacks, Or Wood Stains (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
Abstract
Mevcut buluş, ağırlıkça yüzde 10 ila 50 demir bileşiklerini, ağırlıkça yüzde 12 ila 35 alüminyum bileşiklerini, ağırlıkça yüzde 5 ila 17 silisyum bileşiklerini, ağırlıkça yüzde 2 ila 10 titandioksit, ağırlıkça yüzde 0,5 ila 6 kalsiyum bileşiklerini ve varsa önlenemez safsızlıkları kapsayan bir mineral bileşime sahip olan modifiye edilmiş, rekarbonize edilmiş kırmızı çamurdan (MKRS-HT oluşan, yüksek sıcaklık aralığında alev geciktirici olarak kullanılabilen bir inorganik, halojensiz alevden koruyucu madde ile, burada Fe(II)karbonatın, demirin oksitlerine ağırlık oranı en az 1'dir, bir de modifiye edilmiş, rekarbonize edilmiş ve rehidre edilmiş kırmızı çamurdan oluşan, hem düşük sıcaklık aralığında hem de yüksek sıcaklık aralığında alev geciktirici olarak kullanılabilen bir inorganik, halojensiz alevden koruyucu madde ile, onların üretilmesi için öngörülen yöntem ile ve onların alev geciktirici, ornatık veya ornatıcı madde, sinerjist, ısıl stabilizatör, ısı deposu, ısı- ve/veya ses yalıtıcı ve/veya elektromanyetik ışınım kalkanı olarak kullanılması ile ilgilidir.The present invention provides a mineral comprising 10 to 50 weight percent iron compounds, 12 to 35 weight percent aluminum compounds, 5 to 17 weight percent silicon compounds, 2 to 10 weight percent titanium dioxide, 0.5 to 6 weight percent calcium compounds, and any non-avoidable impurities. with an inorganic, halogen-free flame retardant having a modified, reconstituted red sludge (MKRS-HT, which can be used as a flame retardant in the high temperature range, wherein the weight ratio of Fe (II) carbonate to the oxides of iron is at least 1; with an inorganic, halogen-free flame retardant consisting of modified, recombinant and rehydrated red sludge which can be used as flame retardant in both the low temperature range and the high temperature range, by the method for their production and their flame retardant, substitutes. k or substitutes, synergists, thermal stabilizers, heat tanks, heat and / or sound insulators and / or electromagnetic radiation shields.
Description
TARIFNAME KIMYASAL OLARAK MODIFIYE EDILMIS, REKARBONIZE EDILMIS KIRMIZI ÇAMUR BAZLI YENI iNORGANiK, HALOJENSIZ ALEVDEN KORUYUCU MADDE Bulusun Sahasi Mevcut bulus, yüksek sicaklik araliginda alev geciktirici olarak kullanilabilen, modifiye edilmis, karbonlastirilmis kirmizi çamurdan (MKRS-HT) olusan bir inorganik, halojensiz alevden koruyucu madde ile ve hem düsük sicaklik araliginda hem de yüksek sicaklik araliginda alev geciktirici olarak kullanilabilen, modifiye edilmis, karbonlastirilmis ve rehidre edilmis kirmizi çamurdan (MRZS- NT) olusan bir inorganik, halojensiz alevden koruyucu madde ile, onlarin üretilmesi için yöntem ile ve onlarin alev geciktirici olarak kullanilmasi ile ilgilidir. Mevcut bulus, ayrica, yangina karsi korunan bir madde sistemi ve onun üretilmesi için öngörülen bir yöntem ile ilgilidir. Ayrica, bulusa uygun ola alevden koruyucu madde, baska uygulamalarda da, örnegin isi izolasyonu için ve isi depolama için, ses izolasyonu için ve elektromanyetik dalgalarin kalkanlanmasi için, baritin ornatilmasi için ve antimontrioksitin ornatilmasi için kullanilabilmektedir. DESCRIPTION CHEMICALLY MODIFIED, RECARBONIZED RED MUD-BASED NEW INORGANIC, HALOGEN-FREE FLAME PRESERVATIVE Field of Invention The present invention is that which can be used as a flame retardant in the high temperature range, a modified carbonized red mud (MKRS-HT) with inorganic, halogen-free flame retardant and both at low temperature It can be used as a flame retardant in both the temperature range and high temperature range, modified, carbonized and rehydrated red mud (MRZS- NT) with an inorganic, halogen-free flame retardant formed, their by the method for producing them and using them as a flame retardant. is relevant. The present invention also deals with a fire-protected material system and its relates to a prescribed method for producing it. Also, in accordance with the invention flame retardant, also in other applications, eg for heat insulation and for heat storage, sound insulation and electromagnetic waves for shielding, to replace barite, and to replace antimontrioxide can be used.
Bulusun Alt Yapisi ALEV GECIKTIRME Alevden koruyucu maddeler, yanginlarin yayilmasini sinirlandiran, yavaslatan veya engelleyen yangin geciktiricileridir. Background of the Invention FLAME RETARDER Flame retardant substances that limit, slow the spread of fires or prevent fire retardants.
Alevden koruyucu maddeler, potansiyel tutusturucu kaynaklarin bulundugu veya yanabilir malzemelerin kullaniminin bir güvenlik riskini teskil ettigi her yerde kullanilmaktadir. Örnegin insaat sektörü, uçak ve otomobil imalati ile iç 01 82 1-P-0002 donanimlarda güvenligine yönelik gereklerin artmasi ve metaller ile metal alasimlarinin yerine çok kaliteli plastik malzemelerin kullaniminin gittikçe artmasi, alevden koruyucu maddelere yönelik ihtiyacin gittikçe artmasina yol açmistir. Flame retardants, where potential sources of ignition are present or wherever the use of combustible materials poses a safety risk is used. For example, the construction industry, aircraft and automobile manufacturing and domestic 01 82 1-P-0002 increased requirements for the safety of equipment and metals and metal The increasing use of high quality plastic materials instead of alloys increase, the need for flame retardants is increasing. has opened.
Alevden koruyucu maddelerin çalisma prensibi farkli etkilere dayanmaktadir: o malzemenin pirolizi esnasinda olusan gazlarin radikal zincir reaksiyonunun kesilmesi; o oksijen ve isi girisinin önlenmesi için kömürlesmis malzemeden olusan bir koruyucu tabakanin (sisme tipi kaplamanin) olusturulmasi; o bir endotennik ayrismanin tetiklenmesi veya baglanmis suyun buharlastirilmasi yoluyla yanma prosesinin sogutulmasi; . inert, gaz halinde olan maddeler (örnegin karbonatlarin endotermik olarak ayrismasi yoluyla olusan C02) ile, yanabilir gazlarin seyreltilmesi; . sivilastirma yapilmasi; yani yangin bölgesinden disari akan ve ayni zamanda yüzeyi azaltan bir eriyigin olusturulmasi; Çogu alevden koruyucu madde, belirtilen kimyasal-fiziksel etkilerden bir tanesini veya daha fazlasini tetiklemektedir: Bu nedenle, asagida belirtilen 4 alevden koruyucu madde tipi arasinda ayrim yapilmaktadir: eklenik alevden koruyucu maddeler - bunlar, yanabilir maddelerin içine islenmektedir; . reaktif alevden koruyucu maddeler - plastik malzemelerin içine polimerizasyon yoluyla bizzat malzemenin parçasi haline gelen maddelerdir; . içsel alevden koruyucu maddeler - malzemenin kendisi aleve dayaniklidir; . kaplama - alevden koruyucu madde, disaridan, yanabilir maddenin üzerine kaplama olarak uygulanmaktadir. 01 82 1-P-0002 Burada, reaktif alevden koruyucu maddelerde, polimer sistemlerin içinde belirli bir alevden koiuyuculuk elde etmek için, üç farkli ana yaklasim mevcuttur: . Sisen tip FR-sistemleri (Ingilizcesi: flame retardant): örnegin: polimerli melamin türevleri o Halojensiz FR-sistemleri: özellikle alüminyumhidroksit (ATH), magnezyumhidroksit (MDH), amonyumpolifosfat (APP); ve/veya o halojenli FR-sistemleri: örnegin antimontrioksit (Sb203) içeren polivinilklorür (PVC) ve/veya antimontrioksit (Sb203) ve polimer içeren haloj en-organik FR` ler. Önemli reaktif ve içsel, ancak bir de eklenik alevden koruyucu maddeler, artik toksikolojik nedenlerden dolayi, özellikle ayrisma prosesi esnasinda toksik ve çevreye zararli gazlarin olusuyor olmasi nedeniyle, elestiriye ugramistir ve su anda siki bir risk degerlendinnesine tabi tutulmaktadir. Bu, özellikle halojenli alevden koruyucu maddeler için geçerlidir, böylece sifir halojenli alev geciktirici (OHFR)-dolgu maddelerine yönelik büyük bir ihtiyaç mevcuttur ve özellikle inorganik alevden koruyucu maddeler gittikçe daha fazla önem kazanmistir ve daha da kazanmaktadir. The working principle of flame retardants is based on different effects: radical chain of gases formed during the pyrolysis of that material interruption of the reaction; o a charred material to prevent the ingress of oxygen and heat forming the protective layer (inflatable coating); o triggering of an endothenic dissociation or bound water cooling the combustion process by evaporation; . inert, gaseous substances (e.g. carbonates endothermically) dilution of combustible gases with CO2) formed by its decomposition; . liquefying; ie flowing out of the fire zone and the same forming a melt that reduces the surface over time; Most flame retardants have one of the specified chemical-physical effects. or more of: Therefore, it is necessary to distinguish between the following 4 types of flame retardants. being done: added flame retardants - these are inserted into combustible materials is processed; . reactive flame retardants - into plastic materials become part of the material itself through polymerization. are substances; . internal flame retardants - the material itself is flame resistant; . coating - flame retardant, externally, over combustible material applied as a coating. 01 82 1-P-0002 Here, in reactive flame retardants, in polymer systems, certain There are three main approaches to obtaining resilience from a flame: . Sisen type FR-systems (English: flame retardant): eg: polymeric melamine derivatives o Halogen-free FR-systems: especially aluminum hydroxide (ATH), magnesiumhydroxide (MDH), ammoniumpolyphosphate (APP); and/or o halogenated FR-systems: eg containing antimontrioxide (Sb2O3) polyvinylchloride (PVC) and/or antimontrioxide (Sb203) and polymer containing halogen-organic FRs. Important reactive and intrinsic, but also added flame retardants, are no longer For toxicological reasons, especially during the decomposition process, toxic and It has been criticized because of the formation of gases harmful to the environment and water is currently subject to a strict risk assessment. This is especially halogenated Applicable to flame retardants, thus zero halogen flame retardant There is a great need for (OHFR)-fillers and especially Inorganic flame retardants have become more and more important and gains even more.
Alüminyumhidroksit (ATH), miktar bakimindan en önemli inorganik alevden korumadir. Baslaniçta, ATH”ler, özellikle Wire & Cable (W&C) denilen tel & kablo uygulamalari için, poliolefîn sistemlerinin içinde kullanilmistir. Aluminum hydroxide (ATH) is the most important inorganic flame in terms of quantity. is protection. Initially, ATHs, specifically Wire & Cable (W&C) It has been used in polyolefin systems for cable applications.
Geçen yüzyilin 70,1i yillarindan bu yana, bu hususta birçok alternatif, örnegin daha yüksek bir ayrisma sicakligi arz eden ve polipropilen ile poliamid gibi sistemlerde de OHFR-dolgu maddesi olarak kullanilmis olan ve kullanilan magnezyuinhidroksit (MDH) test edilmistir. MDHsde dezavantajli olan, bir yandan onun fiyatinin nispeten yüksek olmasidir ve diger yandan 300° C”nin üzerindeki isleme sicakliklarinda, burada piyasada bulunan ürünler zaten dehidrasyon altinda ayristigi için, sorunlarin ortaya çikiyor olmasidir. 01 82 1-P-0002 ATH,ye paralel olarak amonyumpolifosfat (APP) ile onun türevleri oitaya çikmistir, ancak bunlar, diger dezavantajlarin yani sira, neme karsi duyarli olma dezavantajini (elektrikli bilesenlerde su içerisinde tutma testleri) arz etmektedir ve daha 170°Cllik bir sicaklikta dahi amonyak salimi yapmaktadir. Since the 70.1th of the last century, many alternatives in this regard, for example such as polypropylene and polyamide, which exhibit a higher decomposition temperature used and used as OHFR-filler in systems magnesium hydroxide (MDH) has been tested. Disadvantaged in MDHs, a On the one hand, its price is relatively high, and on the other hand, 300°C's At processing temperatures above the products available on the market are already problems arise because it decomposes under dehydration. 01 82 1-P-0002 Parallel to ATH, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and its derivatives but these, among other disadvantages, are moisture sensitive. presents the disadvantage (in water retention tests on electrical components) and it releases ammonia even at a temperature of 170°C.
Teknik termoplastiklerde, örnegin poliamid”lerde ve polyester71erde, magnezyumhidroksifin yani sira, melaminizosiyanürat, melaminsiyanürat ve melaminpolifosfat gibi melamin türevleri kullanilmistir. In technical thermoplastics, eg polyamides and polyesters, magnesiumhydroxide, as well as melaminesocyanurate, melaminecyanurate and Melamine derivatives such as melamine polyphosphate have been used.
Bunun disinda, aleve karsi korunan polimer bilesiginin içine ilgili OHFR-dolgu maddesinden agirlikça % 65,e varan yükleme derecelerinde, ki bu örnegin istenilen bir yangin sinifina (örnegin UL 94 dikey V-O) ulasilmasi için gerekli olabilmektedir, islemeye yönelik teknik sorunlar (ekstrüzyon davranisi) ile özellikle profili sorunlari (doldurulmamis polimere kiyasla mekanik ve elektriksel degerlerde düsüs) meydana gelmektedir. Bu zorluklar, daha da yüksek yükleme derecelerinde - adeta katlanarak - artmaktadir ve bilesik hazirlama ekipmanlari ile operatörlere yönelik en yüksek gerekleri gerektirmektedir. Bu ifade, FR- bilesiginin, "Euro Classes” denilen Avrupa siniflarina gruplandirilmasi için yeni FR-testlerinin bir kez daha, daha kuvvetli derecede Sikilastirilmis sekilde uygulanmasini gerektiren, Construction Protection Directive ("CPD") denilen yapi koruma direktifi (karsilastirmiz prEN 50399) için daha da kuvvetli ölçüde geçerlidir. Bu denli yüksek doldurma derecelerinde, aleve karsi korunan polimer bilesikleri teknik olarak uygulamada artik teskil edilememektedir ve artik islenememektedir. CPD3ye uygun OHFR polimer bilesiklerinin gelistirilmesi çerçevesinde, ayrica nanoclays denilen nano-killerin sinerjistler olarak kullanimi tarif edilmistir ve örnegin Cloisite ® ve Nanofil ® markalari ile teknik olarak piyasaya sürülmüstür. Apart from that, the corresponding OHFR-filling is incorporated into the flameproof polymer compound. at loading degrees up to 65% by weight of material, which is for example required to achieve a desired fire class (eg UL 94 vertical V-O) with technical problems (extrusion behavior) for processing. especially profile problems (mechanical and electrical compared to unfilled polymer) decrease in values) occurs. These difficulties, even higher loading increases in degrees - almost exponentially - and with compound preparation equipment demands the highest requirements for operators. This expression is FR- new compound to be grouped into European classes called "Euro Classes". FR-tests once again, more strongly compressed the so-called Construction Protection Directive ("CPD"), which requires the implementation of even more strongly for the protection directive (compare prEN 50399) valid. At such high filling degrees, flame resistant polymer compounds can no longer be technically formed in practice and are no longer cannot be processed. Development of OHFR polymer compounds conforming to CPD3 In this framework, the use of nano-clays, also called nanoclays, as synergists has been described and is technically technically available, for example, under the tradenames Cloisite ® and Nanofil ® has been released to the market.
Bunun neticesinde elde edilen polimer bilesik sistemleri gittikçe daha kompleks 01 82 1-P-0002 ve daha yogun maliyetli hale geldigi için, mevcut bulusun mucitleri tamamen bambaska bir yol önermislerdir. The resulting polymer compound systems are becoming more and more complex. 01 82 1-P-0002 and as it becomes more cost-intensive, the inventors of the present invention completely They suggested a completely different route.
Boksitten alüminyum hidroksit (ATH) kazanilmasi için uygulanan Bayer- yönteminde atik ürün olarak olusan kirmizi çamurun, engin OHFR-özelliklerine sahip oldugu bilinmektedir. Bundan böyle, kirmizi çamur (RS) ifadesinden, Bayer-yönteminde boksitten ATH kazanilmasi esnasinda olusan artik anlasilacaktir. Bayer-based application for the recovery of aluminum hydroxide (ATH) from bauxite. The red sludge, which is formed as a waste product in the known to have. Henceforth, from the expression red mud (RS), Residue generated during the Bayer-method ATH recovery from bauxite will be understood.
Belirli sekilde boksit eksi ATH olarak ifade edilebilen kirmizi çamur (RS), kendisinin kimyasal ve mineralojik bilesimi, kendisinin endoterinik özellikleri, kendisinin pH-degeri, vb. bakimindan oldukça heterojen bir maddedir. Red mud (RS), which can be expressed specifically as bauxite minus ATH its chemical and mineralogical composition, its endotheric properties, its pH-value, etc. It is a very heterogeneous substance.
Heterojenligin nedeni, bir yandan kullanilan boksitlerin farkli bilesimleridir, ancak diger yandan, her seyden önce Bayer-yönteminin otoklavla çözündürme ile mi yoksa boruyla çözündürme ile mi çalistigidir. Otoklav yönteminde, sicakliklarda yapilmaktadir, böylece 6 ila 8 barlik bir basinç olusmaktadir. The reason for the heterogeneity is, on the one hand, the different compositions of the bauxite used, but on the other hand, first of all with the autoclave dissolution of the Bayer-method. or whether it works with pipe dissolution. In the autoclave method, It is made at temperatures of 6 to 8 bar so that a pressure of 6 to 8 bar is created.
Boruyla çözündürme yöntemi, sicakligin 270 °C°ye çikartilmasi yoluyla, reaksiyon süresinin 6 ila 8 saatten 1 saatten daha az olan bir süreye indirilmesi için, gelistirilmistir. Ancak, bu sicaklikta, reaktörün sonunda 60 barslik bir su buhari basinci olusmaktadir. Boruyla çözündürmede daha yüksek olan sicakliklar, kirmizi çamurun bilesimini de etkilemektedir. Örnegin, boruyla çözündürme yönteminde, demirhidroksit/oksithidrat sisteminde, denge neredeyse tamamen hematite (Fe203) dogru kaydirilmaktadir. Kirmizi çamurun (RS) heterojenliginden dolayi, kendisinin kullanim olanaklari sinirlidir, böylece söz konusu bu kirmizi çamur, atik olarak, atik alanlarina atilmak zorundadir. edilmis kirmizi çamur (MRZS) bazli bir OHFR-sistemi açiklanir 0, tel & kablo alaninda teknik uygulamalar için veya yapi teknigine ve plastik malzeme teknigine yönelik uygulamalar için uygun maliyetli bir OHFR-sistemi olarak 01 82 1-P-0002 kirmizi çamur yardimiyla, takriben 200°C - 350°Cilik sicaklik araliginda bir alev geciktirici etki elde edilebilmektedir. Alev geciktirici etki, kirmizi çamurun rehidrasyonu esnasinda olusan alüminyum ve demir hidroksitlerinin ve oksithidratlarinin - örnegin gibsitin ve böhmitin veya götitin - oksitler ve su halinde ayrismasindan meydana gelmektedir. Böyle ürünler örnegin PVC veya EVA (PE) gibi polimer sistemlerde kullanilmaktadir. Simdiye kadar piyasada kullanilan ATH veya APP gibi ürünler 180° ile 220° C arasinda reaksiyona girmektedir ve düsük sicaklik ürünleri sayilmaktadir. 220° ile 340° C arasinda, yüksek sicaklik ürünleri sayilan MDH ve brusit gibi ürünler kullanilmaktadir. The tube thawing method, by raising the temperature to 270 °C, reduction of reaction time from 6 to 8 hours to less than 1 hour has been developed for However, at this temperature, 60 bars of water at the end of the reactor vapor pressure. The higher temperatures in tube dissolution, It also affects the composition of red mud. For example, thawing by pipe In the iron hydroxide/oxide hydrate system, the equilibrium is almost completely hematite (Fe2O3) is shifted towards. From the heterogeneity of red mud (RS) therefore, its possibilities of use are limited, so this red sludge has to be disposed of as waste to landfills. Describes an OHFR-system based on regenerated red mud (MRZS) 0, wire & cable for technical applications in the field of construction or plastic materials as a cost-effective OHFR-system for applications 01 82 1-P-0002 With the help of red mud, a flame with a temperature range of approximately 200°C - 350°C delay effect can be achieved. Flame retardant effect, red mud hydroxides of aluminum and iron formed during rehydration and oxidehydrates - eg gibbsite and boehmite or goethite - oxides and water arises from its separation. Such products are for example PVC or It is used in polymer systems such as EVA (PE). on the market so far The products such as ATH or APP used can react between 180° and 220° C. and are considered low temperature products. Between 220° and 340° C, Products such as MDH and brucite, which are considered high temperature products, are used.
RSlden rehidrasyon yoluyla üretilen alev geciktiriciler (MR28) takriben 220° C ile 3500 C arasinda reaksiyona girrnektedir ve böylece, günümüzde alisilmis tanima göre, hem düsük sicaklik- hem de yüksek sicaklik araligini karsilamaktadir. Flame retardants produced by rehydration from RSl (MR28) ca. 220°C It reacts between 3500 °C and 3500 °C and thus, today's customary By definition, it covers both the low-temperature- and high-temperature range. meets.
Ancak, mevcut bulus çerçevesinde, 2200 C ile 350° C,lik sicaklik araligi, düsük sicaklik araligi olarak siniflandirilmaktadir, MR2S, NT (düsük sicaklik) eklentisini almaktadir ve böylece adi MR2S-NTidir. However, within the framework of the present invention, the temperature range of 2200°C to 350°C is low. classified as temperature range, MR2S, NT (low temperature) It takes the extension and thus its name is MR2S-NT.
CN 101 624 457 A alevden koruyucu madde olarak kirmizi çamurdan ve sinerjistlerden olusan bir kombinasyonu ihtiva eden bir PE-polimerini ifsa etmektedir. Burada, örnegin bir Bayer-yöntemine göre elde edilen, ana bilesenler kurutulan alisilmis bir kirmizi çamur kullanilmaktadir. CN 101 624 457 A as flame retardant from red mud and disclose a PE-polymer containing a combination of synergists is doing. Here, the main components obtained, for example, according to a Bayer-method a conventional red mud that is dried is used.
Suni] K. Sharma ile A.A. Ansari, Fire Technology (= yangin teknolojisi), 38, 57- 70, 2002,de, mevcut kirinizi çamurdan elde edilen alisilmis oksitleri ihtiva eden plastik malzemeleri tarif etmektedir ve bu plastik malzemelerin yangina karsi davranisini incelemektedir. Artificial] K. Sharma and A.A. Ansari, Fire Technology (= fire technology), 38, 57- 70, 2002, it was found that your existing dirt containing oxidized oxides describes plastic materials and these plastic materials are resistant to fire. examines his behavior.
Ancak, yüksek sicaklik (HT)-alev geciktiriciler denilen, kendilerinin alev 01 82 1-P-0002 geciktirici etkisini yüksek sicaklik araliklarinda gelistiren inaddelere yönelik gittikçe daha fazla ihtiyaç mevcuttur. Mevcut bulus çerçevesinde, 350° C ile 500° C arasindaki sicaklik araligina, yüksek sicaklik araligi denmektedir. However, so-called high-temperature (HT)-flame retardants are self-igniting. 01 82 1-P-0002 for substances that develop their retarding effect in high temperature ranges more and more needs exist. In the framework of the present invention, 350°C to 500° The temperature range between C is called the high temperature range.
Bulusun Kisa Açiklamasi Bu nedenle, mevcut bulusa, yüksek sicaklik araliginda, özellikle avantajli sekilde hem yüksek sicaklik araliginda hem de düsük sicaklik araliginda bir alev geciktirici etkiye sahip olan uygun maliyetli bir halojensiz alevden koruyucu maddenin saglanmasi görevi temel teskil etmistir. bir modifikasyon ile, yani bir karbonlastirma ile, yüksek sicaklik araligi için uygun olan bir OHFR-sisteminin olusturulabildigi, sasirtici bir sekilde bulunmustur. Brief Description of the Invention Therefore, the present invention is particularly advantageous in the high temperature range. a flame in both the high temperature range and the low temperature range A cost-effective halogen-free flame retardant with a retarding effect The task of providing the substance is fundamental. with a modification, i.e. a carbonization, for the high temperature range surprisingly, that a suitable OHFR-system can be created has been found.
Asitli ortamda kirmizi çamurun redüksiyonu yoluyla, kirmizi çamurun içinde mevcut bulunan Fe(III)-bilesiklerinden Fe(II)-tuz çözeltileri elde edilebilmektedir, onlardan, örnegin NaHCO3, Na2CO3 veya CaCO3 eklenerek, demir(lI)-karbonat (siderit) çöktürülebilmektedir. Bir teoriye bagli olmayi istemeden, mucitler, kirmizi çamur karbonlastirilarak demir(II)-karbonatin olusturulmasi ile, kendisinin endotermik etkisini, 500°C9nin üzerindeki sicakliklara kadar, oksit ve C02 halinde parçalanarak gelistirebilen bir yüksek sicaklik (HT)-alevden koruyucu maddenin elde edilebildigi noktasindan hareket etmektedir. Endotermik reaksiyonun yani sira, açiga çikartilan C02 alevden koruyucu madde olarak etki etmektedir. Through reduction of red sludge in acidic medium, in red sludge Fe(II)-salt solutions can be obtained from existing Fe(III)-compounds, from them, for example by adding NaHCO3, Na2CO3 or CaCO3, iron(II)-carbonate (siderite) can be precipitated. Not wanting to be tied to a theory, inventors, by carbonization of red sludge to form iron(II)-carbonate, its endothermic effect, up to temperatures above 500°C, oxide and from a high-temperature (HT)-flame that can decompose into C02 It starts from the point where the preservative can be obtained. endothermic Besides the reaction, the emitted CO2 acts as a flame retardant. is doing.
Mevcut bulus, bu nedenle asagida belirtilenleri kapsayan bir mineral bilesime sahip olan, modifiye edilmis, karbonlastirilmis kirmizi çamurdan (MKRS-HT) olusan bir inorganik, halojensiz alevden koruyucu madde ile ilgilidir 01 82 1-P-0002 . agirlikça yüzde (agirlikça %) 10 ila 50 demir bilesikleri, . agirlikça yüzde 12 ila 35 alüminyum bilesikleri, . agirlikça yüzde 5 ila 17 silisyum bilesikleri, . agirlikça yüzde 2 ila 10 titandioksit, o agirlikça yüzde 0,5 ila 6 kalsiyum bilesikleri, . varsa önlenemeyen safsizliklar, burada Fe(ll)karbonatin, demirin oksitlerine olan agirlik orani en az lidir. The present invention therefore includes a mineral composition comprising: modified carbonized red mud (MKRS-HT) relates to an inorganic, halogen-free flame retardant 01 82 1-P-0002 . 10 to 50 percent by weight (wt%) iron compounds, . 12 to 35 percent by weight aluminum compounds, . 5 to 17 percent by weight silicon compounds, . 2 to 10 percent by weight of titanium dioxide, o 0.5 to 6 percent by weight calcium compounds, . unavoidable impurities, if any, where Fe(II)carbonate has the least weight ratio to iron oxides.
Bu ürün, karbonlastirma yoluyla olustugu için, MKRS (modifiye edilmis, karbonlastirilmis kirmizi çamur) adini almaktadir. Bir yüksek sicaklik-alev geciktiricisi söz konusu oldugu için, o, HT (yüksek sicaklik) eklentisini almaktadir, yani adi MKRS-HT olmaktadir. Since this product is formed by carbonization, MKRS (modified, carbonized red mud). A high-temperature-flame In the case of a retarder, it uses the HT (high temperature) add-on. It is called MKRS-HT.
Bunun disinda, kirmizi çamurdan, rehidrasyon ve karbonlastirma yoluyla, hem yüksek sicaklik araligi için hem de düsük sicaklik araligi için uygun olan ve böylece çok genis bir sicaklik araligi için küresel olarak kullanilabilen bir alev geciktiriciyi teskil eden, özellikle avantajli olan bir inorganik, halojensiz alevden koruyucu maddenin elde edilebildigi, bulunmustur. Apart from that, from red mud, through rehydration and carbonization, both suitable for both the high temperature range and the low temperature range, and thus a flame that can be used globally for a very wide temperature range. from an inorganic, halogen-free flame which constitutes the retarder, which is particularly advantageous. It has been found that the preservative can be obtained.
Modifiye edilmis, karbonlastirilmis kirmizi çamur özellikle bir modifiye edilmis, karbonlastirilmis ve rehidre edilmis kirmizi çamur olabilinektedir, onda, Fe(ll)karbonatin, demirin oksitlerine olan agirlik orani ve demirhidroksit ile demiroksithidratin toplaminin söz konusu demirin oksitlerine agirlik orani en az 1 ,dir, Bu durumda, tercihen, demirin hidroksitlerinin/oksithidratlarinin ve Fe(ll)- karbonatin yani sira, alüminyumun hidroksitleri/oksithidratlari da mevcut bulunmaktadir, onlar, sahip olduklari endotermik özelliklerden dolayi, bir alev geciktirici etkinin bir diger takviyesini daha olusturabilmektedir. Ilaveten, kirmizi çamurun diger bilesenlerin içindeki faz dönüsümleri, endoterrn olarak etki eder 01 82 1-P-0002 hale gelebilmektedir. Toplamda, bulusa göre olan böyle OHFR-ürünleri ile donatilmis olan polimer bilesikleri ile, 180°C ila 500°C”den fazla olan bir sicaklik araligi boyunca endotermik reaksiyonlar cereyan edebilmektedir. Ilaveten bir de alev geciktirici C02 salimi gerçeklesmektedir. Modified, carbonized red mud especially a modified, carbonized and rehydrated red sludge can be Fe(II)carbonate weight ratio to iron oxides and iron hydroxide the weight ratio of the total of iron oxide hydrate to the oxides of the iron in question should be at least 1 is, In this case, preferably hydroxides/oxidehydrates of iron and Fe(II)- In addition to carbonate, hydroxides/oxidehydrates of aluminum are also present. are present in a flame, due to their endothermic properties. may constitute another reinforcement of the retarding effect. In addition, red phase transformations in the other components of the sludge act as endotherms 01 82 1-P-0002 can become. Altogether, with such OHFR-products according to the invention a temperature of more than 180°C to 500°C, with polymer compounds equipped Endothermic reactions can occur throughout the range. In addition, one flame retardant CO2 is released.
Mevcut bulus, ayrica, moditiye edilmis, karbonlastirilmis kirmizi çamurdan (MKRS-HT), inorganik, halojensiz alevden koruyucu maddenin üretilmesi için öngörülen bir yöntem ile ilgilidir, asagidaki adimlari kapsamaktadir: a) kirmizi çamurun hazir edilmesi, b) kirmizi çamurun içinde ihtiva edilen demir(lII)-bilesiklerinin, asitli çözelti içerisinde, demir(lI)-bilesiklerine indirgenmesi, 0) b) adiminda elde edilen demir(lI)-bilesiklerini ihtiva eden çözeltiye bir karbonat bilesiginin eklenmesi, burada demir(ll)karb0nat (Siderit) olusturulmaktadir. The present invention is also made of modified, carbonized red mud. (MKRS-HT), for the production of inorganic, halogen-free flame retardant relates to a prescribed method, it covers the following steps: a) preparation of red mud, b) iron(III)-compounds contained in red mud, acidic reduction in solution to iron(I)-compounds, 0) Add a solution to the solution containing the iron(II)-compounds obtained in step b). the addition of the carbonate compound, where iron(ll)carbonate (Siderite) is created.
Mevcut bulus, ayrica, modifiye edilmis kirmizi çamurdan, inorganik, halojensiz alevden koruyucu maddenin üretilmesi için öngörülen diger bir yöntem ile ilgilidir, asagidaki adimlari kapsamaktadir: a) kirmizi çamurun (RS) hazir edilmesi, b) kullanima hazir bulunan baslangiç maddelerinden demir(ll)karb0natin ayri olarak üretilmesi; C) RS ile demir(ll)karb0natin karistirilmasi d) modifiye edilmis, karbonlastirilmis kirmizi çamurun (MKRS-hat) elde edilmesi. The present invention is also made of modified red mud, inorganic, halogen-free. by another method intended for the production of the flame retardant is related, it covers the following steps: a) preparation of red mud (RS), b) iron(ll) carbonatine from ready-to-use starting materials produced separately; C) Mixing RS with iron(ll) carbonate d) modified carbonized red mud (MKRS-hat) to be made.
Bu yolla, demir(ll)karb0nat, uygulama teknigine iliskin özel özelliklerin elde edilmesi için, fiziksel ve/veya kimyasal metotlar ile kolayca modifikasyonlara tabi tutulabilmektedir. 01 82 1-P-0002 Mevcut bulus, ayrica, bir yanabilir malzemeyi ve bulusa uygun olan bir alevden koruyucu maddeyi kapsayan bir yangindan korunan madde sistemi ile ilgilidir. In this way, iron(ll) carbonate can be obtained by obtaining special properties related to the application technique. easily subject to modifications by physical and/or chemical methods can be held. 01 82 1-P-0002 The present invention also includes a combustible material and a flame in accordance with the invention. relates to a fire-protective material system comprising a preservative.
Mevcut bulus, ayrica, bulusa uygun olan bir alevden koruyucu maddenin, yanabilir malzemeler için, özellikle yanabilir yapi malzemeleri, lastik, sunta levha malzemesi, plastik malzemeler, özellikle kablo kiliflari, kablo izolasyon bilesikleri veya kablo dolgu bilesikleri için alev geciktirici olarak kullanilmasi ile Mevcut bulus, ayrica, bir yangindan korunan madde sisteminin üretilmesi için öngörülen bir yöntem ile ilgilidir, asagidaki adimlari kapsamaktadir: a) bir yanabilir malzemenin hazir edilmesi, b) yanabilir malzemenin, bulusa uygun olan bir alevden koruyucu madde ile kaplanmasi veya harmanlanmasi, ve bu sayede c) yangindan koruyucu madde sisteminin elde edilmesi. The present invention also provides that a flame retardant according to the invention is for combustible materials, especially combustible building materials, rubber, chipboard material, plastic materials, especially cable sheaths, cable insulation compounds or as a flame retardant for cable filler compounds. The present invention also provides for the production of a fire protection material system. relates to a prescribed method, it covers the following steps: a) preparing a combustible material, b) a flame retardant of combustible material according to the invention coating or blending with c) obtaining the fireproofing agent system.
Ayrica, kimyasal olarak modifiye edilmis, rehidre edilmis ve karbonlastirilmis kirmizi çamur ile ondan olusturulan karisimlarin, takriben 3,8 - 3,9 103 kg/m3 olan bir yogunluga sahip oldugu ve böylece 4,43 103 kg/m3 olan bir yogunluga sahip olan BaSO4,e (barite) yakin oldugu, bulunmustur. BaSO4, kendisinin özgül agirligindan dolayi, digerlerinin yani sira, agir dolgu maddesi olarak da plastik malzemelerin için kullanilmaktadir. Simdi, barit yerine, kirmizi çamur veya onun kimyasal olarak modifiye edilmis varyasyonlari MR2S-NT veya MKRS-HT ya da onlarin karisimlari kullanildiginda, bilesik haline getirilmis olan plastik malzeme ayni zamanda bir alev geciktirici donanim elde etmektedir, yani bir çift etki söz konusudur. Also, chemically modified, rehydrated and carbonized red mud and the mixtures formed from it, approximately 3.8 - 3.9 103 kg/m3 has a density of 4.43 103 kg/m3 It has been found that it is close to BaSO4 (barite), which is BaSO4, its specific due to its weight, plastic is also used as a heavy filler, among other things. used for materials. Now, instead of barite, red mud or its chemically modified variations MR2S-NT or MKRS-HT or when their mixtures are used, the compounded plastic material it also achieves a flame retardant equipment, i.e. a double effect subject.
Ayrica, kimyasal olarak modifiye edilmis, rehidre edilmis ve karbonlastirilmis olan kirmizi çamur ile ondan olusturulan karisimlar, bir tasiyici matris ile kombine edildiginde, bir ses yalitici etki arz etmektedir. Yani, plastik malzemeler 01 82 1-P-0002 veya örnegin yapi malzemeleri, bu ürünler ile donatilmis oldugunda, alev geciktirici etkinin yani sira bir de bir ses yalitici etki olusmaktadir. Bu çift etki, özellikle otomobil yapiminda ve insaat alaninda ilgi çekicidir. Yapi inalzemeleri, sonra uygun bir ses yalitimi arz eden sap, beton, kartonlu alçi levhalar, vs. gibi mineral ürünler de olabilmektedir. Also, chemically modified, rehydrated and carbonized red mud and the mixtures formed from it, with a carrier matrix. when combined, it exhibits a sound-insulating effect. So, plastic materials 01 82 1-P-0002 or eg building materials, when equipped with these products, flame In addition to the delaying effect, there is also a sound-insulating effect. This double effect It is particularly interesting in the field of automobile construction and construction. building materials, Then the handle, concrete, cardboard plasterboards, etc., which provide a suitable sound insulation. as mineral products as well.
Mevcut bulus, ayrica, bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu maddenin ve/veya onun karisimlarinin, özellikle kirmizi çamur ile karisimlarin, avantajli biçimde dolgu maddesi, ornatik veya ornatici madde, sinerjist, isil stabilizatör, isi deposu, isi yalitkani, isi izolatörü, ses yalitkani, sesten koruyucu olarak ve/veya elektromanyetik isinimm zayitlatilmasi veya kalkanlanmasi için malzeme olarak kullanilmasi ile ilgilidir. The present invention also provides for the inventive flame retardant and/or its mixtures, especially those with red mud, are advantageously filler, substitute or replacement agent, synergist, thermal stabilizer, heat reservoir, As a heat insulator, heat insulator, sound insulator, sound protector and/or as material for attenuation or shielding of electromagnetic radiation relates to its use.
Bulusa ait avantajli ileri gelistirrneler, her seferinde alt istemlerin ve uygulama sekillerinin konusudur. Advantageous further developments of the invention ensure that sub-demands and application is the subject of the plots.
Mevcut bulusun bulusa uygun uygulama sekilleri, asagida belirtilen özelliklerden bir tanesine veya daha fazlasina sahip olabilmektedir. The application forms of the present invention in accordance with the invention are among the features stated below. may have one or more.
Mevcut bulusun bulusa uygun uygulama sekillerinin bazilari veya hepsi, belirtilen özelliklerden bir tanesine, daha fazlasina veya hepsine sahip olabilmektedir. Some or all of the inventive forms of application of the present invention It can have one, more, or all of the features.
Bulusun detavli açiklamasi mevcut bulus kapsaminda esanlamli sözcükler olarak anlasilmalidir. Söz konusu bu terimlerden, mevcut bulus anlaminda, özellikle toksik olmayan, halojensiz, inorganik alevden koruyucu maddeler, özellikle modifiye edilmis, karbonlastirilmis kirmizi çamur (MKRS-HT) veya modifiye edilmis, karbonlastirilmis ve rehidre edilmis kirmizi çamur anlasilir. 01 82 1-P-0002 olan sicaklik araligi anlasilir. arasinda olan sicaklik araligi anlasilir. malzemenin bir alev geciktirici madde ile kombine edildigi bir cisim anlasilmaktadir, böylece cismin içinde mevcut olan yanabilir malzemenin, alevle veya asiri isiyla alev alinasi, önlenmektedir veya yavaslatilmaktadir. Özellikle, alev geciktirici madde, yanabilir malzeme ile örnegin harmanlama veya kaplama yoluyla sikica birlestirilmistir. alabilir olan her tür malzemeler, özellikle polimerler ile uçucu olmayan hidrokarbonlar anlasilir. Akrilik dispersiyonlar, akril reçineleri, elastomerler, epoksi reçineleri, lateks dispersiyonlari, melamin reçineleri, poliamid (PA), polietilen (PE), PE-kopolimerleri, tenn0plastik PE-kopolimerleri, çapraz bagli PE-kopolimerleri, fenol reçineleri, polyester reçineleri (UP), poliüretan, polipropilen (PP), polivinilklorür (PVC), PVC-plastisolleri, termoplastik elastomerler, örnegin TPE, TPA, TPU, vb., Vinilester reçieneleri ve bitümen, ömeklerdir. Yanabilir ve alev alabilir burada esanlamli sözcükler olarak anlasilmalidir. Detailed description of the invention are to be understood as synonyms within the scope of the present invention. Aforementioned from these terms, in the sense of the present invention, particularly non-toxic, halogen-free, inorganic flame retardants, especially modified carbonized red mud (MKRS-HT) or modified, carbonized and rehydrated red mud. 01 82 1-P-0002 the temperature range is understood. The temperature range between is understandable. an object in which the material is combined with a flame retardant it is understood that the combustible material present in the object or excessive heat ignition is prevented or slowed down. Especially, flame retardant agent, e.g. blending or coating with combustible material tightly combined. any materials that are receptive, especially polymers and non-volatile hydrocarbons are understood. Acrylic dispersions, acrylic resins, elastomers, epoxy resins, latex dispersions, melamine resins, polyamide (PA), polyethylene (PE), PE-copolymers, tenn0plastic PE-copolymers, cross-linked PE-copolymers, phenol resins, polyester resins (UP), polyurethane, polypropylene (PP), polyvinylchloride (PVC), PVC-plastisols, thermoplastic elastomers, eg TPE, TPA, TPU, etc., vinylester resins and bitumen, are examples. Combustible and flammable here as synonyms should be understood.
Kirmizi çainurdan (RS), Bayer-prosesinde boksitten ATH kazanilirken olusan Al ”den ulasabilirsiniz, söz konusu bu yayinin ifsasi, tüm kapsamiyla, bu noktada, isbu basvuruya, onun ayrilmaz parçasi olarak, dahil edilmektedir. Modifiye edilmis, karbonlastirilmis kirmizi çamur (MKRS-HT) teriminden, kirmizi çamurdan (RS), karbonlastirma ve opsiyonel olarak kurutma, ögütme, baska maddeleri karistirarak ekleme, yüzeyi kaplama vb. yoluyla üretilen bir ürün 01 82 1-P-0002 anlasilir. Modifiye edilmis, karbonlastirilmis, rehidre edilinis kirinizi çamur teriminden, kirmizi çamurdan (RS), karbonlastirma ile rehidrasyon ve opsiyonel olarak kurutma, ögütme, baska maddeleri karistirarak ekleme, yüzeyi kaplama vb. yoluyla üretilen bir ürün anlasilir. Formed from red cainur (RS) while recovering ATH from bauxite in the Bayer-process You can access it from “Al”, the disclosure of this publication in question, in its entirety, at this point, It is included in this application as an integral part of it. modified From the term carbonized red mud (MKRS-HT), red from sludge (RS), carbonization and optionally drying, grinding, further adding by mixing substances, coating the surface, etc. a product produced by 01 82 1-P-0002 understandable. Mud your modified, carbonized, rehydrated dirt term, from red mud (RS), rehydration by carburization and optional as drying, grinding, adding by mixing other materials, coating the surface and so on. A product produced by means of
Mevcut bulus, asagida belirtilenleri kapsayan bir mineral bilesime sahip olan, modifiye edilmis, karbonlastirilinis kirmizi çamurdan (MKRS-HT) olusan bir inorganik, halojensiz alevden koruyucu madde ile ilgilidir o agirlikça yüzde (agirlikça %) 10 ila 50 demir bilesikleri, o agirlikça yüzde 12 ila 35 alüminyum bilesikleri, o agirlikça yüzde 5 ila 17 silisyum bilesikleri, . agirlikça yüzde 2 ila 10 titandioksit, . agirlikça yüzde 0,5 ila 6 kalsiyum bilesikleri ve o varsa önlenemeyen safsizliklar, burada Fe(ll)karb0nat1n, demirin oksitlerine olan agirlik orani en az l7dir. The present invention includes a mineral composition comprising: a modified carbonized red mud (MKRS-HT) relates to inorganic, halogen-free flame retardant o 10 to 50 percent by weight (wt%) iron compounds, o 12 to 35 percent by weight aluminum compounds, o 5 to 17 percent by weight silicon compounds, . 2 to 10 percent by weight of titanium dioxide, . 0.5 to 6 percent by weight calcium compounds, and impurities that cannot be avoided, if any, where Fe(ll)carb0nat1n, the weight ratio of iron to oxides is at least l7.
Modifiye edilmis, karbonlastirilmis kirmizi çamurdan (MKRS-HT) olusan inorganik, halojensiz alevden koruyucu maddenin içinde, Fe(ll)karb0natin, demirin oksitlerine olan agirlik orani en az l”dir, daha da tercihen en az 2”dir, daha da tercihen en az 3°tür, daha da tercihen en az 4,tür, daha da tercihen en az “tir, daha da tercihen en az 7”dir, daha da tercihen en az 93dur, daha da tercihen en az l9sdur. Örnegin Fe(ll)karb0natin, demirin oksitlerine agirlik orani 19 oldugunda söz konusu olan durumu ortaya koymak için ve bütün demir bilesiklerinin ya Fe(ll)karb0nat veya demirin oksitleri olarak mevcut bulundugu kabul edilerek, demir bilesiklerinin agirlikça yüzde 95,i Fe(ll)karb0nat olarak ve demir bilesiklerinin agirlikça yüzde Sii demirin oksitleri olarak mevcut bulunmaktadir. Composed of modified, carbonized red mud (MKRS-HT) Fe(II)carbonatine, in inorganic, halogen-free flame retardant, the weight ratio to oxides of iron is at least 1", more preferably at least 2", even more preferably at least 3°, even more preferably at least 4 types, even more preferably at least is "tir, more preferably at least 7", even more preferably at least 93, even more preferably at least at least l9s. For example, Fe(II)carbonatine, weight ratio of iron to oxides 19 in order to establish the situation in question and all iron compounds exist as either Fe(II)carbonate or oxides of iron. assuming that 95 percent by weight of the iron compounds are Fe(II)carbonate and wt% of iron compounds present as oxides of iron are available.
Modifiye edilmis, karbonlastirilmis kirmizi çamur özellikle bir modifiye edilmis, karbonlastirilmis ve rehidre edilmis kirmizi çamur (MRZS-NT) olabilmektedir, 01 82 1-P-0002 onda Fe(II)karbonatin demirin oksitlerine olan agirlik orani ve demirhidroksit ile demiroksithidratin toplaminin söz konusu demirin oksitlerine agirlik orani en az Modifiye edilmis, karbonlastirilmis ve rehidre edilmis kirmizi çamurdan olusan inorganik, halojensiz alevden koruyucu maddenin içinde, Fe(ll)karb0natin ve demirhidroksitin/oksithidratlarin, demirin oksitlerine olan agirlik orani tercihen en az 1dir, daha da tercihen en az 1,5°tir, daha da tercihen en az 2°dir, daha da tercihen en az 3`tür, daha da tercihen en az 4`tür, daha da tercihen en az 5 °tir, daha da tercihen en az Tdir, daha da tercihen en az 9,dur, daha da tercihen en az 19'dur. Örnegin Fe(II)karbonatin, demirin oksitlerine agirlik orani 2 oldugunda ve demirhidroksit ile demiroksithidratin toplaminin, demirin oksitlerine agirlik orani yine 2 oldugunda söz konusu olan durumu ortaya koymak için ve bütün demir bilesiklerinin ya Fe(II)karb0nat, demirhidroksit, demiroksithidrat veya demirin oksitleri olarak mevcut bulundugu kabul edilerek, demir bilesiklerinin agirlikça yüzde 40'i Fe(II)karbonat olarak, demir bilesiklerinin agirlikça yüzde 4071 demirhidroksit veya demiroksithidrat olarak ve demir bilesiklerinin agirlikça yüzde 20”si demirin oksitleri olarak mevcut bulunmaktadir. Modified, carbonized red mud especially a modified, carbonized and rehydrated red sludge (MRZS-NT), 01 82 1-P-0002 weight ratio of Fe(II)carbonate to iron oxides and with iron hydroxide the weight ratio of the total of iron oxide hydrate to the oxides of the iron in question should be at least Composed of modified, carbonized and rehydrated red mud Fe(II)carbonatine and the weight ratio of iron hydroxide/oxidehydrates to oxides of iron is preferably the highest less than 1, more preferably at least 1.5°, even more preferably at least 2°, even more preferably at least 3, more preferably at least 4, even more preferably at least 5°, more is also preferably at least T, more preferably at least 9, even more preferably at least is 19. For example, when the weight ratio of Fe(II)carbonate to oxides of iron is 2 and weight ratio of the sum of iron hydroxide and iron oxide hydrate to the oxides of iron again to reveal the situation in question when 2 and all iron compounds of either Fe(II)carbonate, ironhydroxide, ironoxidehydrate or iron By weight of the iron compounds, assuming that they are present as 4071 percent by weight of iron compounds as Fe(II)carbonate as iron hydroxide or iron oxide hydrate and by weight of iron compounds 20 percent is present as oxides of iron.
Modifiye edilmis, karbonlastirilmis ve rehidre edilmis kirmizi çamurdan olusan inorganik, halojensiz alevden koruyucu maddenin içinde, tercihen, demirin hidroksitlerinin/oksithidratlarinin ve Fe(ll)-karbonatm yani sira, alüminyumun hidroksitleri/oksithidratlari da mevcut bulunmaktadir, onlar, örnegin sahip olduklari endoterrnik özelliklerden dolayi, bir alev geciktirici etkinin bir diger takviyesini daha olusturabilmektedir. Burada, alüminyumhidroksit ile alüminyumoksithidratin toplaminin, alüminyumoksite agirlik orani tercihen en az lidir, daha da tercihen en az 1,5”tir, daha da tercihen en az 2”dir, daha da tercihen en az 3°tür, daha da tercihen en az 4°tür, daha da tercihen en az 5°tir, daha da tercihen en az 7°dir, daha da tercihen en az 9'dur, daha da tercihen en az 19'dur. 01 82 1-P-0002 Sayet özel olarak farkli bir açiklama yapilmamis ise, asagidaki açiklamalar hem modifiye edilmis, karbonlastirilmis kirmizi çamurdan (MKRS-HT) olusan inorganik, halojensiz alevden koruyucu madde için hem de bulusa göre modifiye edilmis, karbonlastirilmis ve rehidre edilmis olan kirmizi çamurdan (MRZS-NT) olusan inorganik, halojensiz alevden koruyucu madde için geçerlidir, her ikisine birlikte, bundan böyle, kolaylastirma adina, "modifiye edilmis kirmizi çamur” veya "(bulusa uygun) alevden koruyucu madde” de denilecektir. Composed of modified, carbonized and rehydrated red mud in inorganic, halogen-free flame retardant, preferably iron hydroxides/oxidehydrates and Fe(II)-carbonate as well as aluminum hydroxides/oxyhydrates are also available, they have, for example, due to their endothernic properties, one flame retardant effect can create more reinforcement. Here, with aluminum hydroxide The weight ratio of the total alumina to alumina is preferably at least one, more preferably at least 1.5", even more preferably at least 2", even more preferably at least at least 3°, more preferably at least 4°, even more preferably at least 5°, even more preferably at least 7°, even more preferably at least 9, even more preferably at least 19. 01 82 1-P-0002 Unless a different explanation is specifically made, the following explanations are both composed of modified, carbonized red mud (MKRS-HT) for inorganic, halogen-free flame retardant as well as modified according to the invention from red mud (MRZS-NT) that has been carbonized and rehydrated Applies to inorganic, halogen-free flame retardant formed however, henceforth, for the sake of convenience, "modified red mud" or "(in accordance with the invention) flame retardant".
Modifiye edilmis olan kirmizi çamurun mineral bilesimi asagidakileri kapsamaktadir: o agirlikça yüzde 10 ila 50 demir bilesikleri, . agirlikça yüzde 12 ila 35 alüminyum bilesikleri, . agirlikça yüzde 5 ila 17 silisyum bilesikleri, . agirlikça yüzde 2 ila 10 titandioksit, . agirlikça yüzde 0,5 ila 6 kalsiyum bilesikleri ve o varsa önlenemeyen safsizliklar. The mineral composition of the modified red mud is covers: o 10 to 50 percent iron compounds by weight, . 12 to 35 percent by weight aluminum compounds, . 5 to 17 percent by weight silicon compounds, . 2 to 10 percent by weight of titanium dioxide, . 0.5 to 6 percent by weight calcium compounds, and impurities that cannot be avoided, if any.
Burada, modifiye edilmis olan kirmizi çamurun mineral bilesimi agirlikça yüzde alüminyum bilesiklerini ihtiva edebilmektedir. Here, the mineral composition of the modified red mud is in percent by weight. may contain aluminum compounds.
Burada, mineral bilesim, agirlikça yüzde 5 ila 15, 8 ila 17, veya 7 ila 16 silisyum bilesiklerini, özellikle 8102, ihtiva edebilmektedir. Here, the mineral composition is 5 to 15.8 to 17, or 7 to 16 weight percent silicon. compounds, particularly 8102.
Burada, mineral bilesim, agirlikça yüzde 4 ila 10, 2 ila 8, veya 3 ila 9 titandioksit (Ti02 ihtiva edebilmektedir. 1,5 kalsiyum bilesiklerini, özellikle CaO, ihtiva edebilmektedir. 01 82 1-P-0002 Burada, yukarida belirtilen araliklarin her birisi kombine edilebilmektedir. Here, the mineral composition is 4 to 10, 2 to 8, or 3 to 9 weight percent titanium dioxide. (It may contain TiO2. It may contain 1.5 calcium compounds, especially CaO. 01 82 1-P-0002 Here, each of the above-mentioned ranges can be combined.
Bayer-yöntemine tabi tutulan boksitin içinde safsizliklar olarak veya üretim kaynakli olarak olusan veya ürüne girebilen safsizliklar olarak olusan bilesikler anlasilir. Özellikle, giris kisminda belirtildigi gibi, kirmizi çamurun heterojenliginden dolayi, böyle safsizliklar önlenememektedir. Ancak, onlar, modifiye edilmis kirmizi çamurun alev geciktirici etkisine belirleyici Ölçüde katki saglamamaktadir. as impurities in bauxite subjected to the Bayer-method or in production Compounds formed as impurities that may originate from or enter the product understandable. In particular, as stated in the introduction, the red mud Due to its heterogeneity, such impurities cannot be avoided. However, they Decisive contribution to the flame retardant effect of modified red mud it does not provide.
Bulusun bir ileri tasariminda, suda çözünebilir sodyum bilesiklerinin orani, agirlikça yüzde NaZO olarak ifade edildiginde, agirlikça yüzde 0,03”ten fazla olmayan modifiye edilmis kirmizi çamur alev geciktiricisinde tercihen agirlikça 0,003 ila 0,03itür. In an advanced embodiment of the invention, the proportion of water-soluble sodium compounds is More than 0.03 percent by weight, expressed as percent by weight NaZO non-modified red mud flame retardant preferably by weight 0.003 to 0.03.
Bulusun bir ileri tasariminda, modifiye edilmis olan kirmizi çamurun içindeki ortalama partikül büyüklügü (d50), 50 umsden fazla degildir, tercihen 0,5 ila 10 um7dir veya 1 ila 5 um7dir (mikro-ölçekli modifiye edilmis kirmizi çamur) veya kirmizi çamur). In an advanced embodiment of the invention, the modified red mud average particle size (d50) not more than 50 µm, preferably 0.5 to 10 um7 or 1 to 5 um7 (microscale modified red mud) or red mud).
Bulusun diger bir ileri tasariminda, modifiye edilmis kirmizi çamurun artik nemi agirlikça yüzde 0,4,ten fazla degildir, tercihen agirlikça yüzde 0,3,ten fazla degildir, tercihen agirlikça yüzde 0,2,den fazla degildir. In another advanced embodiment of the invention, the residual moisture of the modified red mud is Not more than 0.4 percent by weight, preferably not more than 0.3 percent by weight not more than 0.2 percent by weight.
Kirmizi çamurun kimyasal bilesimi Tablo lide, MKRS-HTnin kimyasal bilesimi Tablo 2°de ve modifiye edilmis, karbonlastirilmis ve rehidre edilmis kirmizi çamurun kimyasal bilesimi Tablo 39te (MRZS-NT) gösterilmektedir. 01 82 1-P-0002 Kirmizi çamur (agirlikça yüzde) Tipik Bant genisligi Demir bilesikleri 40 10 - 50 Alüminyum bilesikleri 25 12 - 35 Silisyum bilesikleri (her seyden önce SiOz) 15 5 - l7 Titan dioksit 7 2 - 10 Sodyum bilesikleri 9 3 - 10 Digerleri 3 O - 3 MKRS - HT Demir bilesikleri Fe(ll)karb0natin, demirin oksitlerine olan agirlik orani en az l,dir Alüminyuin bilesikleri degismeden Al-tuzlari veya A120; olarak Na20 çözünür tercihen agirlikça % 0,03°ten küçüktür veya ona RS”nin diger bilesenleri degisme yok Ortalama partikül tercihen 50 üm,den küçüktür veya ona esittir, büyüklügü (d 50) tercihen 0,5 - 10 pm,dir Artik nem tercihen agirlikça % 0,4,ten küçüktür veya ona 01 82 1-P-0002 MRZS-NT Demir bilesikleri Fe(II)karbonatin ve demirhidroksit ile demiroksithidrat toplaminin, demirin oksitlerine olan agirlik orani en az Alüminyum alüminyumhidroksit ile -oksithidrat toplaminin, bilesikleri alüminyum oksitlerine olan agirlik orani en az l”dir NaZO çözünür tercihen agirlikça % 0,03 ,ten küçüktür veya ona esittir RS,nin diger degisme yok bilesenleri Ortalama partikül tercihen 50 umsden küçüktür veya ona esittir, tercihen büyüklügü (d 50) 0,5 - 10 ünrdir Artik nem tercihen agirlikça % 0,4,ten küçüktür veya ona esittir Ayrica, modifiye edilmis olan kirmizi çamurun yüzeyinin, modifiye edilmis kirmizi çamurun partiküllerinin, bir polimer matrisi ile uyumlulugunu daha iyi hale getiren en az bir madde ile öngörülmüs olmasi tercih edilmektedir. Bu sayede, modifiye edilmis olan kirmizi çamurun, genelde bir polimer matrisini ihtiva eden, korunacak olan yanabilir malzemenin içine islenmesi kolaylastirilabilir ve bilesenlerin baglanmasi iyilestirilebilir. Bu sayede bir de polimer bilesiginin özellik profili hedeIli bir sekilde kontrol edilebilmektedir. Chemical composition of red mud Table lide, chemical composition of MKRS-HT Table 2 and modified, carbonized and rehydrated red The chemical composition of the sludge is shown in Table 39 (MRZS-NT). 01 82 1-P-0002 Red mud (percent by weight) Typical Bandwidth Iron compounds 40 10 - 50 Aluminum compounds 25 12 - 35 Silicon compounds (primarily SiOz) 15 5 - l7 Titanium dioxide 7 2 - 10 Sodium compounds 9 3 - 10 Others 3 O - 3 MKRS - HT Iron compounds Fe(ll)carbonatine, weight to oxides of iron ratio is at least 1 Al-salts or A120 without changing the aluminum compounds; aspect Na2O is soluble preferably less than or equal to 0.03% by weight Other components of the RS no change The mean particle is preferably less than or equal to 50 µm, magnitude (d 50) preferably 0.5 - 10 pm The residual moisture is preferably less than or equal to 0.4% by weight 01 82 1-P-0002 MRZS-NT Iron compounds Fe(II)carbonate and ironhydroxide and ironoxidehydrate the weight ratio of the total to the oxides of iron must be at least The sum of aluminum aluminum hydroxide and -oxidehydrate, Compounds have a weight ratio of at least 1 to aluminum oxides NaZO soluble preferably less than or equal to 0.03% by weight RS has no other changes components The mean particle is preferably less than or equal to 50 µm, preferably size (d 50) 0.5 - 10 units Residual humidity is preferably less than or equal to 0.4% by weight In addition, the surface of the modified red mud better compatibility of red mud particles with a polymer matrix It is preferred that it be prescribed by at least one substance that This Thus, the modified red sludge is usually a polymer matrix. penetrating into the combustible material to be protected, containing can be facilitated and the coupling of components can be improved. In this way, one The property profile of the polymer compound can be controlled deliberately.
Burada, maddenin, organosilanlardan, organotitanatlardan, organo-zirkonyum aluminatlardan, karboksilik asit türevlerinden, yumusaticilardan, oligomer- ve polimer-öncülerinden, iyonomerlerden, borik asitlerden ve onlarin metal tuzlarindan ve türevlerinden, çinko stannatlardan, çinkohidroksistannatlardan veya onlarin kombinasyonlarindan olusan gruptan seçilen bir yüzey modifikasyon maddesi olmasinin avantajli oldugu görülmüstür. Here, the substance is composed of organosilanes, organotitanates, organo-zirconium aluminates, carboxylic acid derivatives, plasticizers, oligomer- and polymer-precursors, ionomers, boric acids and their metal salts and derivatives, zinc stannates, zinc hydroxystannates or a surface modification selected from the group consisting of combinations thereof It has been seen that it is advantageous to have a substance.
Tercih edilen diger bir uygulama seklinde, alevden koruyucu madde, sinerjistler, 01 82 1-P-0002 özellikle organo-killer (nano-killer), kalay bilesikleri ve boratlar ile kombine edilmis halde mevcut bulunmaktadir. Alevden koruyucu maddenin ayrica agirlikça yüzde 70,e varan, tercihen agirlikça yüzde 5 ila 60 olan, daha da tercihen agirlikça yüzde 10 ila 50 olan, daha da tercihen agirlikça yüzde 15 ila 40 olan bir oran kadar olan en az bir diger alev geciktirici katkiyi daha ihtiva etmesi de yine tercih edilmektedir. In another preferred embodiment, flame retardant, synergists, 01 82 1-P-0002 especially in combination with organo-clays (nano-clays), tin compounds and borates available in unfinished condition. In addition to the flame retardant up to 70 weight percent, preferably 5 to 60 weight percent, even more preferably 10 to 50 weight percent, more preferably 15 to 40 weight percent It is also possible to contain at least one other flame retardant additive equal to the ratio is preferred.
Diger alev geciktirici katki olarak özellikle endotermik tepkiyen bir madde, tercihen alüminyumhidroksitten, böhmitten, gibsitten, götitten, magnezyumhidroksitten, huntitten, brusitten veya onlarin karisimlarindan olusan gruptan seçilen bir endotermik tepkiyen madde uygundur. As another flame retardant additive, especially an endothermic reactive substance, preferably from aluminum hydroxide, boehmite, gibbsite, goethite, consisting of magnesium hydroxide, huntite, brucite or mixtures thereof An endothermic reagent selected from the group is suitable.
Mevcut bulus, ayrica, bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu maddenin, yanabilir malzemeler için, özellikle yanabilir yapi malzemeleri, lastik, sunta levha malzemesi, plastik malzemeler, özellikle kablo kiliIlari, kablo izolasyon bilesikleri veya kablo dolgu bilesikleri için alev geciktirici olarak kullanilmasi ile Ayrica, mevcut bulus, bir yanabilir malzemeyi ve bulusa uygun olan bir alevden koruyucu maddeyi kapsayan bir yangindan korunan madde sistemi ile ilgilidir. The present invention further provides that the flame retardant according to the invention is flammable. for materials, especially combustible building materials, rubber, chipboard material, plastic materials, especially cable glands, cable insulation compounds or as a flame retardant for cable filler compounds. Further, the present invention includes a combustible material and a flame in accordance with the invention. relates to a fire-protective material system comprising a preservative.
Yanabilir malzeme olarak, özellikle bir yapi malzemesi, bir lastik ürün, bir sunta levha, bir ön cephe kaplamasi veya bir plastik ürün, özellikle bir kablo kilifi, bir kablo izolasyon bilesigi veya bir kablo dolgu bilesigi söz konusudur. As combustible material, especially a building material, a rubber product, a chipboard sheet, a facade cladding or a plastic product, in particular a cable sheath, a cable insulation compound or a cable filler compound.
Yangindan korunan madde sistemi, alevden koruyucu maddeyi, tercihen agirlikça yüzde 3 ila 95, daha da tercihen agirlikça yüzde 5 ila 90, daha da tercihen agirlikça yüzde 10 ila 80, daha da tercihen agirlikça yüzde 20 ila 75, daha da tercihen agirlikça yüzde 25 ila 70, özellikle agirlikça yüzde 30 ila 60 olan bir oranda ihtiva etmektedir. 01 82 1-P-0002 Bir ileri tasarimda, yangindan korunan sistemin içinde kullanilan alevden koruyucu madde, bulusa göre modifiye edilmis olan kirmizi çamuru, agirlikça yüzde 30 ila 100, tercihen agirlikça yüzde 40 ila 95, daha da tercihen agirlikça yüzde 50 ila 90, daha da tercihen agirlikça yüzde 60 ila 85 olan bir oranda ihtiva etmektedir, ve geriye kalan agirlikça yüzde 0 ila 70, tercihen agirlikça yüzde 5 ila 60, daha da tercihen agirlikça yüzde 10 ila 50, daha da tercihen agirlikça yüzde 15 ila 407lik oran, diger bir alev geciktirici bilesim tarafindan olusturulmaktadir. The fire retardant system should contain the flame retardant, preferably by weight. 3 to 95 percent, more preferably 5 to 90 weight percent, even more preferably 10 to 80 weight percent, more preferably 20 to 75 weight percent, even more preferably 25 to 70 weight percent, especially 30 to 60 weight percent rate contains. 01 82 1-P-0002 In an advanced design, the flame used inside the fire protected system preservative, red mud modified according to the invention, by weight 30 to 100 percent by weight, preferably 40 to 95 percent by weight, more preferably by weight 50 to 90 percent, more preferably 60 to 85 percent by weight. and the remainder is from 0 to 70 weight percent, preferably from 5 weight percent to 60, more preferably 10 to 50 weight percent, more preferably 15 weight percent The ratio of to 407 is formed by another flame retardant composition.
Burada, diger alev geciktirici bilesimin, organik, toksik olmayan, endoterinik reaksiyona giren bir maddeyi, mesela APP, MC, MIC vs. ve/veya bir sinerjisti kapsiyor olmasi, avantaj saglamaktadir. Burada, diger alev gecihtirici bilesimin, tuz hidratlari, hidroksitler, oksithidratlar ve karbonatlar, oksikarbonlar ile hidroksikarbonatlari kapsamasi da yine avantaj saglamaktadir. Here, the other flame retardant composition is organic, non-toxic, endotheric. a reacting substance, eg APP, MC, MIC etc. and/or a synergist coverage provides an advantage. Here, my other flame retardant composition, with salt hydrates, hydroxides, oxyhydrates and carbonates, oxycarbons It is also advantageous to include hydroxycarbonates.
Mevcut bulus, ayrica, bir yangindan korunan madde sisteminin üretilmesi için öngörülen bir yöntem ile ilgilidir, asagidaki adimlari kapsamaktadir: a) bir yanabilir malzemenin hazir edilmesi, b) yanabilir malzemenin, bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu madde ile kaplanmasi veya harmanlanmasi, ve bu sayede c) yangindan koruyucu madde sisteminin elde edilmesi. The present invention also provides for the production of a fire protection material system. relates to a prescribed method, it covers the following steps: a) preparing a combustible material, b) combustible material with a flame retardant according to the invention. coating or blending, and thereby c) obtaining the fireproofing agent system.
Burada, alevden koruyucu maddenin, b) adimindaki kaplama veya harmanlama öncesinde,, tercihen sinerjistler, özellikle organo-killer (nano-killer), kalay bilesikleri ve boratlar, ve/veya en az bir diger alev geciktirici katki ile birlikte, fiziksel olarak islem görmesi, özellikle ögütülmesi veya ayristirilmasi, avantajli olmaktadir. Here, the coating or blending of the flame retardant in step b) before, preferably synergists, especially organo-clays (nano-clays), tin compounds and borates, and/or with at least one other flame retardant additive, It is advantageous if it is physically processed, especially if it is ground or separated. is happening.
Tercihen, b) adiminda belirtilen alevden koruyucu madde bir yüzey modifikasyonuna tabi tutulmaktadir. Söz konusu bu islem, tercihen, yanabilir malzeme ile kaplama veya harrnanlama yapilmadan önce, gerçeklestirilmektedir. Preferably, the flame retardant material specified in step b) subject to modification. This process is preferably combustible. It is carried out before coating or blending with the material.
Alevden koruyucu maddenin yüzey modifikasyonu tecihen alevden koruyucu 01 82 1-P-0002 maddeninin yüzeyinin, organosilanlardan, organotitanatlardan, organo-zirkonyum aluminatlardan, karboksilik asit türevlerinden, yumusaticilardan, oligomer- ve polimer-öncülerinden, iyonomerlerden, borik asitlerden ve onlarin metal tuzlarindan ve türevlerinden, çinko stannatlardan, çinkohidroksistannatlardan veya onlarin kombinasyonlarindan olusan gruptan seçilen bir yüzey modifikasyon maddesi ile öngörülmesini kapsamaktadir. Surface modification of the flame retardant, preferably flame retardant 01 82 1-P-0002 of the surface of the substance, organosilanes, organotitanates, organo-zirconium aluminates, carboxylic acid derivatives, plasticizers, oligomer- and polymer-precursors, ionomers, boric acids and their metal salts and derivatives, zinc stannates, zinc hydroxystannates or a surface modification selected from the group consisting of combinations thereof covered by the article.
Sinerjistlerin, özellikle bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu madde, “Master Batches” (aktif madde konsantreleri) denilen sekilde, elastomer-, termoplastik- ve duromer-sistemlerde kullanildiginda, sivi, macunumsu veya granül halde, isleme esnasinda eklenmesi de yine avantajlidir. The synergists, in particular, the flame retardant according to the invention, "Master elastomer-, thermoplastic- and so-called "batches" (active substance concentrates) When used in duromer-systems, in liquid, pasty or granular form, processing It is also advantageous to add it during
Bulusa göre modifiye edilmis, karbonlastirilmis kirmizi çamurdan (MKRS-HT), inorganik, halojensiz alevden koruyucu maddenin üretilmesi için öngörülen yöntem, asagidaki adimlari kapsamaktadir: a) kirmizi çamurun hazir edilmesi, b) kirmizi çamurun içinde ihtiva edilen demir(III)-bilesiklerinin, asitli çözelti içerisinde, demir(lI)-bi1esiklerine indirgenmesi, 0) b) adiminda elde edilen demir(lI)-bilesiklerini ihtiva eden çözeltiye bir karbonat bilesiginin eklenmesi, burada demir(ll)karb0nat (Siderit) olusturulmaktadir. b) adiminda kullanilabilen, tercih edilen indirgeme maddeleri, kükürt ihtiva eden indirgeme maddeleri, özellikle sodyumditiyonit (N328204) ve kükürtdioksit (SOJdir. Modified according to the invention, carbonized red mud (MKRS-HT), intended for the production of inorganic, halogen-free flame retardant The method includes the following steps: a) preparation of red mud, b) iron(III)-compounds contained in the red mud reduction to iron(II)-compounds in solution, 0) Add a solution to the solution containing the iron(II)-compounds obtained in step b). the addition of the carbonate compound, where iron(ll)carbonate (Siderite) is created. The preferred reducing agents that can be used in step b) are sulfur-containing reducing agents, especially sodium dithionite (N328204) and sulfur dioxide (It's SOJ.
Kirmizi çamurun içinde ihtiva edilen demir(lll)-bilesiklerinin, b) adimina uygun olarak demir(lI)-bilesiklerine indirgenmesi, tercihen hafif asitli olan bir çözeltinin içinde, örnegin 4 ila 6 olan bir pH-degerinde, özellikle 4,5 ila 5,5 olan bir pH- degerinde gerçeklestirilmektedir. 01 82 1-P-0002 c) adiminda kullanilabilen, tercih edilen karbonat bilesikleri alkalikarbonatlar, alkalihidrojenkarbonatlar ve toprakalkalikarbonatlar, özellikle sodyumkarbonat Icabinda, uzman tarafindan, kendisinin sahip oldugu uzmanlik bilgisi sayesinde görülebilecegi gibi, b) adiminda elde edilen asitli demir(II)-bilesiklerini ihtiva eden çözeltinin pH-degeri, c) adimindan önce, bir karbonat bilesigi eklenerek, demir(H)-karbonat (siderit) elde etmek için, uygun sekilde ayarlanmak zorundadir. The iron(III)-compounds contained in the red mud, in accordance with step b) reduction to iron(II)-compounds, preferably in a slightly acidic solution for example at a pH of 4 to 6, in particular at a pH of 4.5 to 5.5 value is carried out. 01 82 1-P-0002 The preferred carbonate compounds that can be used in step c) are alkalicarbonates, alkalihydrogencarbonates and alkaline-earth carbonates, especially sodiumcarbonate In the meantime, by the expert, thanks to his expert knowledge As can be seen, it contains the acidic iron(II)-compounds obtained in step b). The pH-value of the solution, before step c), by adding a carbonate compound, to be properly adjusted to obtain iron(H)-carbonate (siderite) has to.
Bulusa göre olan, modifiye edilmis, karbonlastirilmis ve rehidre edilmis kirmizi çamurdan olusan inorganik, halojensiz alevden koruyucu madde, modifiye edilmis, karbonlastirilmis kirmizi çamurun (MKRS-HT), örnegin yukarida açiklanan sekilde, ve modifiye edilmis, rehidre edilmis kirmizi çamurun (MR2S- üretilmesi ve ardindan birbiriyle karistirilarak modifiye edilmis, karbonlastirilmis ve rehidre edilmis kirmizi çamurun elde edilmesi yoluyla üretilebilmekte olup burada sözü edilen patent, tüm kapsamiyla, bu noktada, buraya dahil edilmektedir. Modified, carbonized and rehydrated red according to the invention inorganic, halogen-free flame retardant consisting of sludge, modified carbonized red sludge (MKRS-HT), for example above as described, and modified, rehydrated red sludge (MR2S- produced and then mixed with each other, modified, carbonized and by obtaining rehydrated red sludge. the patent mentioned herein is incorporated herein in its entirety at this point.
Ancak, reaksiyonun uygun sekilde yürütülmesiyle, kirmizi çamurun içinde hem bir rehidrasyon hem de bir karbonlastirma yapilarak, modifiye edilmis, karbonlastirilmis ve rehidre edilmis olan kirmizi amurun elde edilmesi de mümkündür. Modifikasyonun, hedefli bir sekilde, 0 veya diger yöne yönlendirmek için, örnegin siderit istikametine dogru tercih edilen bir modifikasyon için (oksidatif) inert proses gazi altinda reaksiyon yürütme, özel kurutma ve hemen akabinde yüzey modifikasyonu ("mühürleme") gibi uygun teknik tedbirler uygulanabilmektedir. Buna karsin, agirlikli olarak götit olusacak ise, F e(ll)-tuz çözeltilerini F e(llI)-tuz Çözeltileri halinde oksitleyen hava oksijeni veya alternatif olarak ozon ile çalisilmaktadir. pH-degerinin yükseltilmesiyle, götit olusmakta olup 0 da ayni sekilde kurutulabilmektedir ve yüzeyden mühürlenebilmektedir. 01 82 1-P-0002 Yüzey modifikasyonu/mühürleme, bunun ötesinde, polimer moleküllerinin, OHFR-alev geciktiricisine dönüsmedeki arafazla optimum sekilde baglanmasina yaramaktadir. Bu sayede, bilesik özellikleri hedefli bir sekilde kontrol edilmektedir. However, with proper conduct of the reaction, both in the red sludge modified, by performing both a rehydration and a carbonization, It is also possible to obtain the carbonized and rehydrated red mud. possible. Modification, in a targeted manner, to 0 or the other direction to orient a preferred direction, for example towards the siderite direction. reaction under (oxidative) inert process gas for modification, special suitable for drying and subsequent surface modification ("sealing"). technical measures can be applied. However, a predominant goethite will be formed. air oxygen, which oxidizes F e(ll)-salt solutions into F e(llI)-salt Solutions. or alternatively working with ozone. By raising the pH-value, goethite is formed and can be dried in the same way and removed from the surface. can be signed. 01 82 1-P-0002 Surface modification/sealing, beyond that, of polymer molecules, Optimum bonding with the interface in conversion to OHFR-flame retardant it works. In this way, the compound properties can be controlled in a targeted way. is being done.
Inert gaz veya hava oksijeni altinda hedefli bir proses yürütme, kurutma ve yüzey modifikasyonu ile, istenilen kullanim için özel olarak ayarlanmis, karbonlastirilmis ve rehidre edilmis bir kirmizi çamurun üretilmesi mümkündür. A targeted process run, drying and surface treatment under inert gas or air oxygen specially adjusted for the desired use, with its modification, it is possible to produce a carbonized and rehydrated red sludge.
Inert gaz/koruyucu gaz denilen gaz, oksidatif etki eden bütün bilesenlerden, özel olarak (hava-)oksijeninden arindirilmis olmalidir. Esit oranlar halinde nitrojenden ve argondan (WIG- kaynak- kalitesi yeterli olacak sekilde) olusturulan bir proses gazi kullanilmakta olup söz konusu bu proses gazi dolasim halinde çalistirilmaktadir. The so-called inert gas / shielding gas is one of all the components that have an oxidative effect, special It must be free of (air-)oxygen. From nitrogen in equal proportions and argon (with sufficient WIG-welding-quality) gas is used and this process gas is circulating. is being run.
Bulusa göre olan, modifiye edilmis, karbonlastirilmis ve rehidre edilmis RS”den veya modifiye edilmis, karbonlastirilmis RSiden olusan inorganik, halojensiz alevden koruyucu madde, RS”nin sadece rehidre edilmesi ve demir(III veya demir (ll)-bilesiklerinin izole olarak demir(Il)karb0na dönüstürülmesi ve her iki bilesigin ardindan rasgele sekilde karistirilmasi yoluyla da üretilebilmektedir. From the modified, carbonized and rehydrated RS according to the invention or inorganic, halogen-free, consisting of modified, carbonized RS flame retardant, rehydration of RS only and iron(III or iron Conversion of (II)-compounds to iron(Il)carbon in isolation and both It can also be produced by random mixing of the compound.
Izole olarak üretilen demir(II)karbonat, uygulama teknigi bakimindan özel etkilerin elde edilmesi için, özel sekilde fiziksel ve/veya kimyasal olarak islem görebilmektedir. Nihai ürünler her iki yolla, kimyasal bakimdan ayni üretilebilmektedir. Iron(II) carbonate produced in isolation is special in terms of application technique. specifically physically and/or chemically treated to achieve the effects can see. The final products are chemically identical in both ways. can be produced.
Asagida, Örnekler, deneyler ve diger uygulama sekilleri tarif` edilmekte olup ancak onlar, mevcut bulusun sinirlandirilmasina yol açmaz. Daha ziyade, onlar, bulusa göre olan ögretinin ve onun avantajlarinin ortaya konmasina yaramaktadir. Below, Examples, experiments and other forms of application are described, but they do not limit the present invention. Rather, they find It serves to reveal the teaching and its advantages.
Modifiye edilmis kirmizi çamurun üretilmesi: 01 82 1-P-0002 Örnekler çamura, beher kabinin içinde, 60 ml konsantre hidroklorik asit (0,6 mol) eklenmis ve oda sicakliginda 24 saat karistirilmistir. Production of modified red mud: 01 82 1-P-0002 Examples 60 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid (0.6 mol) was added to the sludge in each beaker. and stirred at room temperature for 24 hours.
Bu sürenin ardindan, 3,2 g,lik bir kalinti ayrilabilmistir, yani 0,8 g Fe203 çözünmüstür (%50). Daha uzun süre karistirma yapildiginda ve daha yüksek sicakliklarda, daha fazla Fe203 çözdürülebilmistir. After this time, a residue of 3.2 g could be separated, ie 0.8 g of Fe2O3 dissolved (50%). Longer mixing and higher At higher temperatures, more Fe2O3 could be dissolved.
Filtrat çözeltisinin PH-degeri, seyreltilmis NaOH (100 ml su içerisinde 0,5 mol ml H20°ya eklenmistir. Birkaç saat sonra, sari çözelti neredeyse renksiz hale gelmistir. Bu çözeltiden, 0,8 g Na2C03 eklenerek, 1,2 g çökelti ürün olusturulmustur. Bu ürün, PXRD9ye göre beher %50 Siderit ve götitten olusmustur. Uzun bir süreden sonra, çöktürülmüs olan ürün ilk önce yesilimsi ve sonra kahverengi olan bir renk almaktadir, yani Fe(ll)karbonat, havada oksitlenerek Fe(III)-bilesiklerine dönüsmüstür. Buna karsin, oksijen izole edildiginde, agirlikli olarak siderit olusinakta olup söz konusu bu Siderit uzun süre stabil kalmaktadir. PH-value of the filtrate solution, diluted NaOH (0.5 mol in 100 ml of water ml H2O was added. After a few hours, the yellow solution becomes almost colorless. has arrived. From this solution, by adding 0.8 g of Na2CO3, 1.2 g of precipitate product has been created. This product is made of 50% siderite and goethite per PXRD9. has been formed. After a long time, the precipitated product is first greenish and then it takes on a brown color, ie Fe(II)carbonate in air oxidized to Fe(III)-compounds. However, oxygen is isolated When taken, siderite is formed predominantly and this siderite in question lasts for a long time. remains stable.
Yani, inert kosullar altinda sideritin, oksidatif kosullar altinda sonunda götitin çöktürüldügü görülmektedir. Siderit ve götit ihtiva eden ara kademeler, her an için yakalanip kurutulabilmektedir ve icabinda yüzeyden mühürlenebilmektedir. That is, under inert conditions, siderite eventually goes out, under oxidative conditions. appears to have collapsed. Intermediate layers containing siderite and goethite It can be caught and dried and, if necessary, sealed from the surface.
Kullanilan cihazlar tercihen uygun sekilde donatilmis olan (Kopenhagada yerlesik NIRO Atomizefden olan) bir püskürtme kulesidir. Burada, kurutulan ve 01 82 1-P-0002 opsiyonel olarak ayni zaman örnegin yüzey modifikasyonu "A'”ya (asagiya bakiniz) göre yüzeyden modifiye edilen malzeme, mikro-ölçekli olusmaktadir. The devices used should preferably be suitably equipped (based in Copenhagen. NIRO Atomizer) is a spray tower. Here, dried 01 82 1-P-0002 optionally at the same time eg surface modification "A" (down (see) surface-modified material consists of micro-scale.
Sayet uygulama teknigine iliskin nedenlerden dolayi, bir nano-ölçekli malzemeye ihtiyaç duyulursa, yüzey kaplamasi, kurutmadan sonra, arkaya bagli olan akiskan karistiricisinin/hizli karistiricinin içinde bir türbülansli akiskanlastiriçi vasitasiyla, uygulanabilmektedir. For reasons of application technique, a nanoscale material if needed, the surface coating, after drying, is the fluid attached to the back. via a turbulent fluid inside the mixer/quick mixer, applicable.
Püskürtme kulesi: Püskürtme kalesinde tercihen kurutma, tane dagilim egrisinin ayari (top-cut; d90, d50 ve le) ve opsiyonel olarak malzemenin yüzey modifikasyonu gerçeklestirilmektedir. Spray tower: Preferably drying in the spray castle, setting the grain distribution curve (top-cut; d90, d50 and le) and optionally surface modification of the material is carried out.
Burada gösterilen durumda, yani yüzey modifikasyonu "A” ile içeri sevk edilecek olan, genis sinirlar içerisinde degistirilebilen, örnegin % 50 olan bir kati madde muhtevasina sahip olan bulamaca, uygun miktarda amino-propil-tris etoksi-silan (kati madde muhtevasina göre agirlikça % 1 Evonik/Degussa ürünü olan AMEO; eklenmektedir. Organosilan, hidroliz yoluyla reaksiyona girip Oligo- organosilanol”e dönüsmekte olup 0, kurutulacak olan malzemenin yüzeyinin üzerini kaplamaktadir ve orada, kovalent baglar olusturularak, sabitlenmektedir (bakiniz Edwin S. Plueddeman, Silane Technology, Elsevier, NY, ABD) Ilaveten, bulainaca (kati madde muhtevasina göre) agirlikça %0,3 DISPEX A 80, bulamacin pompalanabilir hale gelmesine basli basina olanak saglayan dispersleme ve sivilastirma maddesi olarak, eklenmistir. In the case shown here, that is, the surface modification will be shipped in with "A" a solid that can be changed within wide limits, for example 50% The slurry containing the content of an appropriate amount of amino-propyl-tris ethoxy-silane (AMEO, an Evonik/Degussa product of 1% by weight based on solids content; is added. Organosilane reacts by hydrolysis and becomes Oligo- It turns into “organosilanol” and 0 is the surface of the material to be dried. covers it and is fixed there by forming covalent bonds. (see Edwin S. Plueddeman, Silane Technology, Elsevier, NY, USA) In addition, 0.3% by weight (based on solid content) DISPEX A 80, which alone allows the slurry to become pumpable. It is added as a dispersing and thickening agent.
Sekonder partikül büyüklügü (yani istenen aglomerasyon derecesi), proses gazinin (tipik olarak giris sicakliginda ve (tipik olarak çikis sicakliginda, püskürtme diski devir 01 82 1-P-0002 sayisinda, nozul açikliklarinin sayisinda ve geometrisinde, saat basina bulamaç veriminde, sinirlar içerisinde bulamaç konsantrasyonu (kati madde muhtevasi) üzerinden de oynama yapilarak, ayarlanmaktadir. Secondary particle size (ie desired degree of agglomeration) (typically at inlet temperature and (typically At the outlet temperature, the spray disc rotates 01 82 1-P-0002 number of nozzle openings and geometry, slurry per hour yield, slurry concentration within limits (solids content) It is adjusted by playing on it.
Püskürtme kulesi, aminosilan-yüzey modifikasyonu yapilmadan kullanildiginda, (optimizasyon istegine göre yukarida tarif edilen proses yürütmeye uygun olarak) optimize edilmis götit- veya sierit-muhtevasina sahip olan bir mikro-ölçekli MRZS-NT veya MKRS-HT olusmaktadir. When the spray tower is used without aminosilane-surface modification, (according to the process execution described above according to the optimization request) a microscale with optimized goethite- or sliver-content MRZS-NT or MKRS-HT are formed.
Opsiyonel olarak, arkaya baglanmis olan bir pimli degirmende (Fa. Alpine) 1,5 mm (d50) olan bir bant genisligine ayarlanmaktadir. Optionally, in a pin mill (Fa. Alpine) attached to the rear It is set to a bandwidth of 1.5 mm (d50).
Tane dagilim egrisi, yaklasik olarak, ince partiküllü çöktürülen bir alüminyum hidroksitin, örnegin MARTINAL OL 104”ün (Martinswerk/Albemarle) veya SUPERFINE SF4ESD3nin (Alcan Ltd), ya da bir sentetik magnezyumhidroksitin, örnegin MAGNIFIN H5,in (Magnesit Prod. Gesellschaft) tane dagilim egrisine denktir. The grain distribution curve is approximately a fine-particle precipitated aluminum hydroxide, for example MARTINAL OL 104 (Martinswerk/Albemarle) or SUPERFINE SF4ESD3 (Alcan Ltd), or a synthetic magnesium hydroxide, For example, the grain distribution curve of MAGNIFIN H5 (Magnesit Prod. Gesellschaft) is equivalent.
Bu tane dagilim egrisi, çogu tennoplastik ve duroplastik polimer sistemlerinin içinde, bir de kauçuk sistemlerin içinde neredeyse optimum bir bilestirme yapilmasina olanak saglamaktadir. Aynisi, bütün termoplastik elastomer (TPE-)- sistemleri için geçerlidir. This grain distribution curve shows that most tennoplastic and duroplastic polymer systems an almost optimum compounding in rubber systems allows it to be done. Likewise, all thermoplastic elastomer (TPE-)- applicable to systems.
Türbülansli akiskanlastiricinin içinde tercihen bir nano-ölçekli ürünün kurutulmasi ve ayarlanmasi gerçeklestirilmektedir. Preferably a nanoscale product in the turbulent plasticizer drying and setting.
Opsiyonel olan yüzey modifikasyonu sadece arkaya baglanmis olan akiskan karistiricisinin (hizli karistiricinin) içinde yapilmaktadir. 01 82 1-P-0002 Burada, kati, sivi veya macunumsu kivamda olan çok sayida yüzey modifikasyon maddesi kullanilabilmektedir. OHFR-sistemlerinin, mesela MRZS-NT veya MKRS-HT yüzeyinin üzerinde yerinde bir polimerizasyonun yapilmasi da mümkündür. The optional surface modification is only for the fluid attached to the back. It is made inside the mixer (quick mixer). 01 82 1-P-0002 Numerous surface modifications are available here, in a solid, liquid or pasty consistency. substance can be used. OHFR-systems, eg MRZS-NT or Performing an in situ polymerization on the MKRS-HT surface is also possible.
Türbülansli akiskanlastiricinin için, püskürtme kulesinde söz konusu olan ayni proses gaz kosullari altinda, bulusa göre olan malzeme, bir frekans kontrollü tek Vidali konveyör ile, reaksiyon odasinin içine tasinmaktadir. Uygun sekilde konfigüre edilmis olan alet, kurutulacak olan malzemeyi proses gazinin içinde parçalamaktadir, bu esnada agirlikli olarak nano-ölçekli primer partiküller olusmaktadir. For the turbulent plasticizer, the same as in the spray tower under process gas conditions, the material according to the invention is a frequency-controlled single It is transported into the reaction chamber by screw conveyor. Properly The configured tool inserts the material to be dried in the process gas. decomposes, while predominantly nano-sized primary particles is formed.
Saat basina verim, proses gazinin giris ve çikis sicakligi ve bulusa göre olan malzemenin kontrol parametresi olarak seçilen artik nemi, bir de aletin konfigürasyonu ve devir hizi ile, proses, hedetli bir sekilde, ürün nano-ölçekli olusacak sekilde kontrol edilmektedir. The yield per hour, the inlet and outlet temperature of the process gas, and the inventive The residual moisture of the material selected as the control parameter, as well as the With its configuration and turnover rate, the process is targeted, the product is nano-scaled. is controlled as it occurs.
Bir yüzey modifikasyonu yapilacak ise, kuru malzeme (artik nemi normalde % 0,05 olmaktadir) bir döner valf üzerinden dogrudan arkaya baglanmis olan akiskan karistiricisinin içine dozlanmaktadir ve orada "yüzey modifikasyonu A Burada, optimize edilmis olan MRZS-NT veya MKRS-HTinin (tipik olarak 80 °C olan), akiskan karistiricisinin içinde takriben 50 °C denge durumuna soguyan çikis sicakligi, yüzey modifikasyon prosesinin daha verimli tasarlanmasi için kullanilmaktadir, çünkü karistirma ürünü, ilgili reaksiyon sicakligina daha hizli isinmaktadir. If a surface modification is to be made, dry material (residual moisture normally % 0.05) connected directly to the rear via a rotary valve the fluid is dosed into the mixer and there "surface modification A" Here, the optimized MRZS-NT or MKRS-HT (typically 80 °C which is cooled to equilibrium at about 50 °C in the fluid mixer. outlet temperature for more efficient design of the surface modification process. is used because the mixing product reaches the corresponding reaction temperature more rapidly. is warming up.
Sogutmali karistirici, ürünü, oda sicakligina sogutmaktadir, böylece ara siloya depolama yapmadan derhal çuvallara doldurma islemi yapilabilmektedir. 01 82 1-P-0002 DTA- ve 'TG-analizleri: Sekil 1 kirmizi çamurun DTA- ve TG-egrilerini gösterinektedir (karsilastirma örnegi). 220 °C ile 350 °C arasinda endotermik reaksiyonlar görülmektedir, bunlar, artik gibsit/böhmit ve götit muhtevalarindan kaynaklanmaktadir. Kirmizi çamurun içinde, alüminyumun ve demirin hidroksiylerinin/oksithidratlarinin ayrisma zaman araliklari, biraz daha yüksek sicaklik araliklarina kaydirilmistir. The refrigerated mixer cools the product to room temperature so that it is fed into the intermediate silo. It is possible to fill the sacks immediately without storage. 01 82 1-P-0002 DTA- and 'TG-assays: Figure 1 shows DTA- and TG-curves of red mud. (comparison example). Endothermic reactions between 220 °C and 350 °C It is seen that these are leftover from gibbsite/bohmite and goethite contents. originates. In the red mud, aluminum and iron The dissociation time intervals of the hydroxyls/oxyhydrates are slightly more shifted to higher temperature ranges.
Sekil 2, gibsit istikametine dogru rehidre edilmis olan kirmizi çamurun DTA- ve TG-egrilerini göstermektedir (referans örnek). Bu esnada ilaveten götit de olusmustur. Endotermik reaksiyon 210°C ile 350°C arasinda gerçeklesmektedir. Figure 2 shows the red sludge rehydrated towards the gibbsite direction. It shows DTA- and TG-curves (reference example). meanwhile In addition, goethite was also formed. Endothermic reaction 210°C to 350°C takes place between
Sekil 3, götit istikametine dogru rehidre edilmis olan kirmizi çamurun DTA- ve TG-egrilerini göstermektedir (referans örnek). Bu esnada ilaveten gibsit de olusmustur. Endotermik reaksiyon 210°C ile 350°C arasinda gerçeklesmektedir. Figure 3 shows the red mud rehydrated towards the goethite direction. It shows DTA- and TG-curves (reference example). meanwhile In addition, gibbsite was also formed. Endothermic reaction 210°C to 350°C takes place between
Sekil 4, siderit istikametine dogru karbonlastirilmis olan kirmizi çamurun DTA ve TG-egrilerini göstermektedir (bulusa uygun olan örnek: modifiye edilmis, karbonlastirilmis kirmizi çamur (MKRS-HT)). Endotermik reaksiyon 350°C ile 500°C arasinda, yani yüksek sicaklik (HT) araliginda gerçeklesmektedir. Figure 4 shows the red mud carbonized towards the siderite direction. Shows DTA and TG-curves (example according to the invention: modified carbonized red mud (MKRS-HT)). endothermic the reaction takes place between 350°C and 500°C, that is, in the high temperature (HT) range. is taking place.
Sekil 5, hem götit istikametine dogru rehidre edilmis olan hem de siderit istikametine dogru karbonlastirilmis olan kirmizi çainurun DTA ve TG- egrilerini göstermektedir (bulusa uygun olan örnek: modifiye edilmis, karbonlastirilmis ve rehidre edilmis kirmizi çamur (MKRS-HT/MRZS- NT)). Endotermik reaksiyon, götit/gibsit hidroksitleri/oksithidratlari için, düsük sicaklik (NT) araliginda 220°C ile 350°C arasinda ve siderit için, yüksek sicaklik (HT) araliginda takriben 350°C - 500°C arasinda gerçeklesmektedir. Yani, bu tür ürünler, takriben 220°C ila 500°Cilik endoterinik reaksiyonlar göstermektedir. 01 82 1-P-0002 Radyogral'ik analizler: Sekil 6 (diyagram l), gibsit istikametine dogru rehidre edilmis olan kirmizi çamurun bir röntgen diyagramini göstermektedir (Sekil 29deki DTA- ve TG- egrileri ile karsilastiriniz). Çizgi diyagramlari sunlari göstermektedir: Çizgi diyagrami A: Adim zamani: 10. s - Sicaklik: 25 °C (oda) - Baslangiç zamani: 15 s - 2- Içeri aktarma Çizgi diyagrami B: Adim zamani: 10. s - Sicaklik: 25 °C (oda) - Baslangiç zamani: 15 s - 2- 0,161 I Içeri aktarma Semboller 301.926 - l/Ic PDF 01 82 1-P-0002 Primitiv - PcZlb Sekil 7 (diyagram 2), götit istikametine dogru rehidre edilmis olan kirmizi çamurun bir röntgen diyagramini göstermektedir (Sekil 3”teki DTA- ve TG- egrileri ile karsilastiriniz). Çizgi diyagramlari sunlari göstermektedir: Çizgi diyagrami A: °- Adim zamani: 1. s - Sicaklik: 25 °C (oda) - Baslangiç zamani: 17 S - 2 lsleinler: Y Skala Ekleme 83 ~ Aralik Op. A+B içeri aktarma Çizgi diyagrami B: Adim zamani: 10. s - Sicaklik: 25 °C (oda) - Baslangiç zamani: 15 s - 2- Semboller 01 82 1-P-0002 Sekil 8 (diyagram 3), siderit istikametine dogru karbonlastirilmis olan kirmizi çamurun bir röntgen diyagramini göstermektedir (Sekil 4steki DTA- ve TG- egrileri ile karsilastiriniz). Çizgi diyagramlari sunlari göstermektedir: Çizgi diyagrami A: Adim zamani: 16. s - Sicaklik: 25 °C (oda) - Baslangiç zamani: 15 s - 2- Skala Ekleme 167 l Içeri aktarma Çizgi diyagrami B: Adim zamani: 10. s - Sicaklik: 25 °C (oda) - Baslangiç zamani: 16 s - 2- Islemler: Içeri aktarma Semboller .926 - I/Ic PDF 01 82 1-P-0002 293.169 - I/lc PDF 3.6 Primitive - Pc2lb ( Sekil 9 (diyagram 4), hem siderit istikametine dogru karbonlastirilmis olan hem de götit istikametine dogru rehidre edilmis olan kirmizi çamurun bir röntgen diyagramini göstermektedir (Sekil 53teki DTA- ve TG-egrileri ile karsilastiriniz). Çizgi diyagrami sunlari göstermektedir: Çizgi diyagrami A: Sicaklik: 25 °C (oda) - Baslangiç zamani: 14 s - 2-Teta: 5.000 ° - Teta islemleri: Içeri aktarma Semboller 01 82 1-P-0002 293.169 - I/lc PDF 3.6 l/lc PDF 3.4 - S Tartisma Toz halinde olan numunelerin fazdaki mevcudiyetinin nitel ve nicel olarak tayini için öngörülen standart metot, X-isinlari toz kirinim ölçümüdür. O, çok yönlü uygulanabilen, imha gerektirmeyen bir metot olup söz konusu bu metot, hem dogal olusumlu olan hem de sentetik olarak üretilen inalzemelerin atom yapisi ve kristal yapisi hakkinda detayli bilgiler de sunabilmektedir. Burada, her kristalli malzeme, x-isinlari ile isiklandirildiginda, essiz ve karakteristik olan bir kirinim deseni arz etmektedir, söz konusu bu kirinim deseni büyüklük, simetri ve atoin yapisi ile tanimlanmistir ve kesin teshis için kullanilabilmektedir. özelliklerini, sicaklik fonksiyonu olarak ölçen metotlar toplanmaktadir. Burada, termogravimetride (TG), bir numunenin kütlesinde, sicakliga ve/Veya zamana bagli olarak meydana gelen degisiklik ölçülmektedir. Ölçüm cihazinin içine entegre edilmis olan bir termobalans, buna yaramaktadir. Buna karsin, diferansiyel termal analiz (DTA), bir faz geçisinde karakteristik olan isi enerjisi verimini, nicel ve nitel analiz için kullanmaktadir. Burada, numunenin sicakligi, bir referans numunenin sicakligi ile karsilastirilmaktadir. 01 82 1-P-0002 Röntgen diyagramlari ile DTA- ve TG-egrileri, kirmizi çamurun hem rehidre edilebilecegini hem de karbonlastirilabilecegini kanitlamaktadir. Bütün hallerde, boruyla çözündürmede ( olusan kirinizi çamur kullanilmistir. Figure 5 shows both siderite and siderite rehydrated towards the goethite direction. DTA and TG- curves (example according to the invention: modified, carbonized and rehydrated red mud (MKRS-HT/MRZS- NT)). Endothermic reaction, for goethite/gibbsite hydroxides/oxidehydrates, in the low temperature (NT) range between 220°C and 350°C and for siderite, in the high temperature (HT) range from about 350°C to 500°C is taking place. That is, such products are at temperatures of approximately 220°C to 500°C. show endotheric reactions. 01 82 1-P-0002 Radiographic analyzes: Figure 6 (diagram 1) shows the red rehydrated in the gibbsite direction. shows an X-ray diagram of the mud (DTA- and TG- in Figure 29). Compare with curves). Line diagrams show: Line diagram A: Step time: 10. s - Temperature: 25 °C (room) - Start time: 15 s - 2- Import Line diagram B: Step time: 10. s - Temperature: 25 °C (room) - Start time: 15 s - 2- 0.161 I Import symbols 301.926 - l/Ic PDF 01 82 1-P-0002 Primitive - PcZlb Figure 7 (diagram 2) shows the red rehydrated towards the goethite direction. shows an X-ray diagram of the mud (DTA- and TG- in Figure 3). Compare with curves). Line diagrams show: Line diagram A: °- Step time: 1 s - Temperature: 25 °C (room) - Start time: 17 S - 2 lsleins: Adding Y Scale 83 ~ December Op. A+B import Line diagram B: Step time: 10. s - Temperature: 25 °C (room) - Start time: 15 s - 2- symbols 01 82 1-P-0002 Figure 8 (diagram 3) shows the red carbonized towards the siderite direction. shows an x-ray diagram of the mud (DTA- and TG- in Figure 4 Compare with curves). Line diagrams show: Line diagram A: Step time: 16 s - Temperature: 25 °C (room) - Start time: 15 s - 2- Add Scale 167 l Import Line diagram B: Step time: 10. s - Temperature: 25 °C (room) - Start time: 16 s - 2- Actions: Import symbols .926 - I/Ic PDF 01 82 1-P-0002 293.169 - I/lc PDF 3.6 Primitive - Pc2lb ( Figure 9 (diagram 4) shows that both carbonized towards the siderite direction and An x-ray of the red mud that has been rehydrated towards the goethite (Compare the DTA- and TG-curves in Figure 53). The line diagram shows: Line diagram A: Temperature: 25 °C (room) - Start time: 14 s - 2-Theta: 5,000 ° - Theta Operations: Import symbols 01 82 1-P-0002 293.169 - I/lc PDF 3.6 l/lc PDF 3.4 - S Argument Qualitative and quantitative determination of the presence of powdered samples in the phase The standard method for X-rays is dust diffraction measurement. He is versatile It is a method that can be applied and does not require destruction, and this method is both Atomic structure of both naturally occurring and synthetically produced materials and It can also provide detailed information about the crystal structure. Here, every crystal When the material is illuminated with x-rays, a unique and characteristic diffraction This diffraction pattern presents a pattern of size, symmetry and atoin. It is defined by its structure and can be used for definitive diagnosis. Methods that measure properties as a function of temperature are collected. Here, in thermogravimetry (TG), the mass of a sample, temperature and/or time The resulting change is measured. into the measuring device An integrated thermobalance is useful for this. Despite that, differential thermal analysis (DTA), heat energy characteristic at a phase transition uses its yield for quantitative and qualitative analysis. Here, the temperature of the sample is is compared with the temperature of a reference sample. 01 82 1-P-0002 X-ray diagrams and DTA- and TG-curves show that red sludge is both rehydrated and It proves that it can be both carbonized and carbonized. In all cases, mud was used to dissolve your dirt ( formed by pipe).
Karbonlastirmada agirlikli olarak siderit, rehidrasyonda agirlikli olarak gibsit/böhmit ve her seyden önce götit olusmaktadir. Predominantly siderite in carbonization, predominantly in rehydration gibsite/böhmit and, above all, goethite.
Bu ürünlerin üretiminde, kirmizi çamur birinci adimda asitli çözelti içerisinde indirgenmistir. Ikinci adimda, bu çözeltiden, inert kosullar altinda NaHCO3, Na2C03 veya CaCO; eklenerek, siderit çöktürülmüstür. Gibsit veya götit istikametine dogru optimizasyon yapilacagi zaman, oksidatif kosullar altinda pH- degeri arttirilarak götit ve gibsit çöktürülmektedir. In the production of these products, the red mud is in the acidic solution in the first step. is reduced. In the second step, NaHCO3 is extracted from this solution under inert conditions. Na2CO3 or CaCO; by addition, siderite was precipitated. Gibbsite or goethite Under oxidative conditions, pH- By increasing its value, goethite and gibbsite are precipitated.
Yani, toplamda ve bulusa göre, kirmizi çamurdan, rehidrasyoii ve karbonlastirma endotermik alev geciktirici etkisini gelistiren OHFR-sistemleri üretilebilmektedir. That is, in total and according to the invention, from red mud, rehydration and carbonization OHFR-systems that enhance the endothermic flame retardant effect can be produced.
Yani, karbonlastinna ile rehidrasyonun arka arkaya uygulanmasi ya da karbonlastirilmis olan ile rehidre edilmis olan kirmizi çamurun karistirilmasi ile, hem düsük sicaklik araliginda hem de yüksek sicaklik araliginda bütün plastik malzeme sistemleri için talebe özel OHFR-ürünleri üretilebilmektedir. That is, successive rehydration with carbonlastinna or by mixing the carbonized and rehydrated red mud, all plastic in both the low temperature range and the high temperature range Customized OHFR-products can be produced for material systems.
Sekillerden, ya gibsit/böhmit ve götit/lepidokrokit/akaganeit istikametine dogru veya agirlikli olarak siderit istikametine dogru modifiye edilmis olan modifiye edilmis, rehidre edilmis veya modifiye edilmis, karbonlastirilmis kirmizi çamurun nasil ve hangi sicaklik araliklarinda isil olarak ayristigi görülebilmektedir. From the figures, in the direction of either gibbsite/boehmite and goethite/lepidocrocite/akaganeite or modified predominantly towards the siderite direction carbonized red mud that has been rehydrated or modified It can be seen how and in which temperature ranges it decomposes thermally.
Alüminyumun ve demirin hidroksitlerinden veya oksihidratlarindan burada ilgili oksitler ve su olusmaktadir, demir(ll)karbonattan ilgili oksit ve COZ olusmaktadir. From hydroxides or oxyhydrates of aluminum and iron here relevant oxides and water are formed, the corresponding oxide and COZ are formed from iron(ll) carbonate.
Olusan C02 ilaveten yangin söndürücü etki etmektedir. 01 82 1-P-0002 Özellikle siderit, hidroksitlerin ve oksithidratlarin zaten çoktan ayrismis oldugu ve böylece alevden korunmaya efektif bir katkiyi artik saglayamadigi bir sicaklik araliginda ayrismaktadir. The resulting CO2 also acts as a fire extinguisher. 01 82 1-P-0002 Especially siderite, hydroxides and oxyhydrates have already been separated and a temperature at which it can no longer provide an effective contribution to flame protection. differs in the range.
Sideritin belirgin ölçüde daha yüksek olan ayrisma sicakligi, hidroksitlerin ve oksithidratlarin komple dehidrasyonundan sonra UL 94 dikeye göre yapilan testte, yanma isleminin yeniden canlanabiliyor olmasi bakimindan avantajlidir. Yüksek siderit muhtevasina optimize edilmis olan MKRS-HT ile böylece yüksek sicaklik araliklari için uygun olan bir OHFR-alev geciktirici mevcut olmaktadir. The significantly higher decomposition temperature of siderite, the hydroxides and In the test carried out according to UL 94 vertical after complete dehydration of the oxyhydrates, It is advantageous in that the combustion process can be revived. High With MKRS-HT optimized for siderite content, thus high temperature An OHFR-flame retardant suitable for ranges is available.
Toplamda, düsük sicaklik-OHFR-ajanlari, mesela ATH veya götit, lepidokrokit, akaganeit, ile yüksek sicaklik-OHFR-ajanlarinin, mesela tercihen demir(lI)karb0natin akillica kombine edilmesi yoluyla gerekli olan alevden korunmanin, yani sistemin özünde var olan yangin yayginlastirmasinin, her polimer-, yani FR-bilesik-sistemi için optimum OHFR-etkisi elde edilecek sekilde kontrol edilebildigi bir FR-sistemini gelistirme olanagi mevcuttur. Altogether, low-temperature-OHFR-agents such as ATH or goethite, lepidocrochite, akaganeite with high temperature-OHFR-agents, eg preferably from the flame required by intelligently combining iron(II)carbonate protection, that is, fire propagation inherent in the system, so as to obtain the optimum OHFR-effect for the polymer-, ie FR-compound-system There is the possibility to develop an FR-system where it can be controlled.
Yani, modifiye edilmis, rehidre edilmis kirmizi çamur (MRZS-NT) ve/veya karbonlastirilmis kirmizi çamur (MKRS-HT) ile, bulusa göre "talebe özel" OHFR- malzemeleri hedef odakli ve yüksek derecede spesifik bir sekilde sentezlenebilmektedir. MRZS-NT istikametine dogru veya MKRS-HT istikametine dogru modifiye edilmis olan kirmizi çamurlarin karistirilmasi yoluyla, alevden korunmak için böyle ürünlerin üretilmesi de mümkündür. That is, modified, rehydrated red mud (MRZS-NT) and/or with carbonized red sludge (MKRS-HT), "tailor-made" according to the invention OHFR- materials are targeted and highly specific. can be synthesized. towards MRZS-NT or MKRS-HT mixing of red muds modified towards the direction of It is also possible to produce such products for flame protection by means of
Etki bir de tarif edilen yüzey modifikasyonu ve tarif edilen sinerjistler, özellikle nano-killer ile kombinasyon yoluyla yogunlastirilabilmektedir. The effect is a well described surface modification and described synergists, especially It can be densified by combination with nano-clays.
Esas olarak, aleve karsi dayanikli olacak sekilde donatilacak olan malzeme sistemlerinin islenme sicakliginin, modifiye edilmis kirinizi çamurun hangi ürünleri ihtiva edecegini belirledigi, tespit edilmistir. Yüksek sicaklikta alevden koruma alaninda, düsük sicaklikta alevden koruma için öngörülen ürünler, mesela 01 82 1-P-0002 ATH, götit, lepidokrokit ve akaganeit uygun degildir, çünkü bu ürünler daha islenirken ayrismaktadir. Rehidrasyon prosesi veya karbonlastirma prosesi uygun sekilde kontrol edilerek, istenilen kosullari saglayan, bulusa göre spesifik olarak ve hedefli bir sekilde rehidre edilmis ve/veya karbonlastirilmis kirmizi çamurlar üretilebilmektedir. Esasen, tersine, düsük sicaklikta alevden korumada, yüksek sicaklikta alevden koruma ürünleri rahatsiz edici degildir, çünkü bu malzemelerin ayrisma sicakligi, polimer isleme sicakliginin çok üzerindedir. Aksine avantajlidir, çünkü siderit-optimize MKRS-HT7nin ayrismasi, alevden koruma potansiyelini çok arttirmaktadir. Essentially, the material to be equipped to be flame resistant systems, the operating temperature of your modified dirt and mud. It has been determined that it has determined that it will contain the products. high temperature flame products intended for low-temperature flame protection in the protective field, e.g. 01 82 1-P-0002 ATH, goethite, lepidocrocite and akaganeite are not suitable because these products are more it separates while processing. Suitable for rehydration process or carbonization process specifically controlled according to the invention, meeting the desired conditions, and targeted rehydrated and/or carbonized red sludges can be produced. Essentially, on the contrary, in low temperature flame protection, high Flame protection products at temperature are not irritating because these materials The decomposition temperature is well above the polymer processing temperature. On the contrary advantageous because the decomposition of the siderite-optimized MKRS-HT7, flame protection greatly increases its potential.
Yüzey modifikasyonu: Yüzey modifikasyonlarinin, FR-sistemlerinin kalitesine ve onlarin bilesik haline getirilirken islenmesine önemli etkisi vardir. Bunun ötesinde, seçkin yüzey modifikasyonlari, FR-etkisini ve arafazda baglanmayi (uyumluluk etkisini) desteklemektedir. Surface modification: Depending on the quality of the surface modifications, FR-systems and their composition It has a significant effect on processing while being brought. Beyond that, the premium surface modifications, FR-effect and binding at the interface (compatibility effect) supports.
Asagidaki reçeteler, örnek niteliginde, bir yüzey modifikasyonu için kullanilmaktadir: 1) Yüzey modifikasyonu A.' Polimer olmayan bilesenlerin toplam kütlesine göre, Degussa/Evonik ürünü olan n-aminopropil-trietoksi-silan (AMEOYdan agirlikça %1 2) Yüzey modifikasyonu B: Polimer olmayan bilesenlerin toplam kütlesine göre, agirlikça % l EDENOR C 12/, agirlikça % 1,5 SFR 100 (General Electric Silicones, Schenectady, NY, ABD), 01 82 1-P-0002 3) Yüzey modifikasyonu C.' Polimer olmayan bilesenlerin toplam kütlesine göre, agirlikça % 2 Trilene 66 (Uniroyal) (sivi EP(D)M polimeri), agirlikça % l Unichema Unichema, agirlikça % l Levapren , 4) Yüzey modifikasyonu D: Polimer olmayan bilesenlerin toplam kütlesine göre agirlikça % l Lithsolvent PL (F a.Keller& Bohacek, Düsseldorf, Almanya), agirlikça % 2 Epikote Resin 1163, agirlikça % l Edenor C 14 (Henkel), Yüzey modifikasyonu için, çok katli, degistirilebilen bir alete sahip olan ve dis mantosunda sicaklik kontrolünün yapilabildigi bir akiskan karistirici veya da türbinli kanstirici kullanilmaktadir. The following recipes are exemplary for a surface modification. is used: 1) Surface modification A.' By total mass of non-polymer components, product of Degussa/Evonik n-aminopropyl-triethoxy-silane (1% by weight from AMEOY) 2) Surface modification B: 1 % by weight of EDENOR C, based on the total mass of non-polymer components 12/, 1.5% by weight SFR 100 (General Electric Silicones, Schenectady, NY, USA), 01 82 1-P-0002 3) Surface modification C.' According to the total mass of non-polymer components, 2% by weight Trilene 66 (Uniroyal) (liquid EP(D)M polymer), % by weight Unichema Unichema, l % by weight Levaprene , 4) Surface modification D: By total mass of non-polymer components l % by weight Lithsolvent PL (F a.Keller & Bohacek, Düsseldorf, Germany), 2% by weight Epikote Resin 1163, 1% by weight Edenor C 14 (Henkel), For surface modification, multi-layered, with a replaceable tool and external a fluid mixer in the mantle of which temperature control can be made, or turbine mixer is used.
Reaksiyon katkilari ya karistirma çevriminin basinda, modifiye edilecek malzeme ile birlikte, duran veya yavasça çalismaya baslayan turbo-karistiricinin içinden, karistirima/reaksiyon odasinin içine dozlanmaktadir, Modifikasyon katkilarinin sivi ila macunumsu olmasi halinde, onlar, karistiricinin trombesinin içine dozlanmaktadir. At the beginning of the reaction additives or mixing cycle, the material to be modified together with the turbo-mixer, which is stopped or starts to run slowly, It is dosed into the mixing/reaction chamber. if liquid to pasty, they will sink into the stirrer's tromble. is dosed.
Reaksiyon sona erdikten sonra, sicak malzeme, arkaya baglanmis olan sogutmali karistiricinin içinde dikkatlice (tipik olarak 35 °C ila 23 °C olan) oda- veya çuvallara doldurma sicakligina sogutulmaktadir. Bu malzeme, toz teknolojisi 01 82 1-P-0002 bakimindan karakterize edilmektedir ve sonra asagida tarif edilen polimer bilesiklerinin içinde kullanilmaktadir. After the reaction is over, the hot material is transferred to the refrigerated material connected to the back. carefully inside the stirrer (typically 35 °C to 23 °C) in room- or It is cooled to the temperature of filling in sacks. This material is powder technology 01 82 1-P-0002 and then the polymer described below used in its compounds.
Tarif edilen, bulusa göre olan OHFR-malzemeleri üsten uzun süreli dayanikliliga sahiptir ve mümkün mertebe kapali orijinal ambalajlarin içinde teknigine uygun kuru yerde depolama yapilmasi kosuluyla, tarif edilen modifikasyonlarda kimyasal olarak görülebilir bir bozunma süresine sahip degildir. Tane büyüklügü dagilimindan dolayi, münferit bilesenlerin harmanlanmasiyla olusturulan, farkli ortalama tane büyüklügü degerlerine (d50) sahip olan FR-kompozisyonlarda söz konusu oldugu gibi, örnegin tasima islemlerinden dolayi ya da silodan çikis esnasinda ya da bilesik haline getirme ünitesinde bulunan tartidan çikis esnasinda harman bilesenlerinin kismi olarak veya tamamen ayrilmasi daimi tehlikesi söz konusu degildir. Yukarida tarif edilen, bulusa göre olan OHFR -malzemeleri, ilgili bilesik haline getirme islemlerinde, olduklari gibi, yani ön kurutma yapmadan, kullanilabilmektedir. Bulusa göre olan OHFR-malzemesinin özel olarak yüzeyi modifiye edilmis olan varyasyonlari, ortam havasindan nem emmemektedir ve böylece degistirilmeden/ön kurutma yapilmadan, kullanilabilmektedir. The described OHFR-materials according to the invention have long-term durability over the base. and in original sealed packages as much as possible, in accordance with the technique. in the modifications described, provided that it is stored in a dry place. It does not have a chemically visible degradation time. grain size created by the blending of the individual components, due to the distribution of FR-compositions with average grain size values (d50) For example, due to transport operations or exiting the silo. during or when exiting the scale in the compounding unit There is a permanent danger of partial or complete separation of the blend components. is not the subject. The above-described OHFR materials according to the invention in compounding processes, as they are, ie without pre-drying, can be used. In particular, the surface of the OHFR-material according to the invention modified variants do not absorb moisture from the ambient air and thus, it can be used without changing/pre-drying.
Bulusa göre olan malzemelerin örneklerde belirtilen OHFR-bilesikleri Kullanilan deney malzemeleri: Polimerler, i ExxonMobilSden EVA kopolimeri "ESCORENE ULTRA UL 00119” . PP Random kopolimeri "VESTOLENE PP 8400" . BASF°den Polyamid 6 "ULTRAMID B3L” . ICI UKsden PVC DS 7060 Alev geciktiriciler 01 82 1-P-0002 . Birlesik Krallik, Iskoçyaida bulunan Alcan Chemicals Ltd. OHFR-compounds of materials according to the invention mentioned in the examples Test materials used: polymers, i ExxonMobilSden EVA copolymer "ESCORENE ULTRA UL 00119” . PP Random copolymer "VESTOLENE PP 8400" . Polyamide 6 "ULTRAMID B3L” from BASF . PVC DS 7060 from ICI UKs flame retardants 01 82 1-P-0002 . Located in United Kingdom, Scotland, Alcan Chemicals Ltd.
Bumtislandldan alüminyumhidroksit ”SUPERFINE SF4 ESD" (sifir o Avusturya, Breitenau”da bulunan Veitscher Magnesit Produktionsgesellschaft”tan magnezyumhidroksit "Magnifin H 5” (sifir . Pentabromdifenileter p.a. ve antimontrioksit p.a. (Sifir numune) o MRZS-NT (sifir numuneler) o MKRS-HT (bulusa göre olan numune) o MR2S-NT/MKRS-HT (bulusa göre olan numune) Katkilar/Sinerii'stler . Nano-kil: ABD”de bulunan Elementis Incfden "Bentone 104" ya da Almanyalda bulunan Südchemie / Rockwood Clay Additives GmbH`dan 0 Birlesik Krallik”ta bulunan Joseph Storey'den çinkostannat "FLAMTARD Bilesik hazirlama agregalari Belirtilen bütün polimer bilesikler, ilgili tablolarda gösterildigi gibi, asagida belirtilen bilesik hazirlama agregalarinda islenerek ilgili kaliplama karisimlari haline getirilmistir: 1) Ortalama verimi 15 ila 20 kg / saat olan BUSS-ortak eksenli yogurucu 2) Ortalama verimi 12 ila 25 kg/saat olan, ayni istikamete dogru çalisan iki milli(-vidali)-ekstrüder (DSE veya SSE) Wemer & Pfleiderer ZSK 25 ya da onalama verimi 60 ila 250 kg/saat olan, 44 L/Dlli Leistritz GL 50 mm. 01 82 1-P-0002 Dozlama ekipmani Hem ana giriste (Buss-Ko-yogurucuda ELS l) hem de "akis asagisinda” polimerler, katkilar/stabilizatörler ve OHFR-ajanlari için yer alan bütün besleme istasyonlarinda gravimetrik teraziler (Loss-in-weight feeder), burada polimer granül terazisi, master terazisi olarak islev görmektedir. Aluminum hydroxide ”SUPERFINE SF4 ESD” from Bumtisland (zero o Veitscher Magnesit in Breitenau, Austria Magnesiumhydroxide "Magnifin H 5" from Produktionsgesellschaft (zero . Pentabromodiphenylether p.a. and antimontrioxide p.a. (Zero sample) o MRZS-NT (zero samples) o MKRS-HT (sample according to the invention) o MR2S-NT/MKRS-HT (sample according to the invention) Contributions/Sineries . Nano-clay: "Bentone 104" from Elementis Inc., USA, or From Südchemie / Rockwood Clay Additives GmbH in Germany 0 Zincstannate "FLAMTARD" from Joseph Storey in the UK Compound preparation aggregates All the polymer compounds mentioned are listed below, as shown in the respective tables. relevant molding mixtures by processing in specified compound preparation aggregates has been made into: 1) BUSS-coaxial kneader with an average yield of 15 to 20 kg/h 2) Two running in the same direction, with an average yield of 12 to 25 kg/h. spindle(-screw)-extruder (DSE or SSE) Wemer & Pfleiderer ZSK 25 or Leistritz GL 50 mm with 44 L/Dll, with a confirmation yield of 60 to 250 kg/h. 01 82 1-P-0002 dosing equipment Both at the main entrance (ELS l in the Buss-Ko-kneader) and "downstream" All feeds for polymers, additives/stabilizers and OHFR-agents gravimetric balances (Loss-in-weight feeder), where polymer The granule scale functions as a master scale.
OHFR-ajanlari, ayirmali-besleme modunda, her seferinde üç dozlama istasyonuna dagitilmis halde, polimer akimina dozlanmaktadir. OHFR-agents in split-feed mode, to three dosing stations at a time dispersed, it is dosed into the polymer stream.
Granüller halinde mevcut bulunan bilesikler, ardindan, hem enjeksiyon döküm vasitasiyla hem de ekstrüzyon vasitasiyla islenerek DIN / ISO ve ASTM7ye uygun deney numuneleri haline getirilmektedir ve ardindan test edilmektedir. Özgül teinas direncinin test edilmesi için kullanilacak olan deney numuneleri, granüllerin, bir isitilmis/sogutulabilen panel presin içinde isitilmis bir laboratuvar- çift merdanenin üzerinde eritilmesi yoluyla, haddelenmis sac parçalarindan üretilmektedir. Ilgili testten önce, hazir olan deney numuneleri, normal oda ikliminde dengelenmektedir. The compounds, available as granules, are then used in both injection molding in accordance with DIN / ISO and ASTM7 by processing by means of both extrusion and They are made into test samples and then tested. Specific test specimens to be used for testing teinas resistance, granules were prepared in a heated laboratory in a heated/cooled panel press. from rolled sheet pieces by melting on a double roll is produced. Before the respective test, the ready-made test specimens are stored in the normal room. climate is balanced.
Testler (burada ZF Çekme dayanimi [MPa] DIN EN ISO 527 denilmektedir) (burada E-Mod Çekme-E-modülü [MPa] DlN EN ISO 527 denilmektedir) (burada EL Kopma uzamasi [m/m] DIN EN ISO 527 denilmektedir) (burada RF Yirtilma dayanimi [MPa] DIN EN ISO 527 denilmektedir) 01 82 1-P-0002 (Burada a(n) Darbe dayanimi [kg/qm] DIN EN ISO 8256 denilmektedir) (burada LOl Oksijen indeksi [%] DIN EN ISO 4589-2 denilmektedir) (burada a(k) Charpy-darbe dayanimi [kg/qm] DIN EN ISO 179 denilmektedir) UL 94 dikey kalorimetre (burada SDW Özgül temas direnci DIN ISO 53482 [52 x cm] denilmektedir) X°(C)”de ve yük agirligi y (kg)”de (erime akis indeksi) MFI (g/ 10 dakika) cinsinden Burada, EVA /PE,de, zor akan polimerler için normalde 5 kgida veya 10 kg”da 190°C3dir. PP,de, daha zor akan ekstrüzyon tipleri için normalde 230°Clde ve 2,16 kg veya 5 kg yükte. tests (here ZF Tensile strength [MPa] is called DIN EN ISO 527) (here E-Mod It is called Tensile-E-modulus [MPa] DlN EN ISO 527) (here EL Elongation at break [m/m] is called DIN EN ISO 527) (here RF Tear strength [MPa] is called DIN EN ISO 527) 01 82 1-P-0002 (where a(n) Impact resistance [kg/qm] is called DIN EN ISO 8256) (here LOl Oxygen index [%] is called DIN EN ISO 4589-2) (where a(k) Charpy-impact strength [kg/qm] is called DIN EN ISO 179) UL 94 vertical calorimeter (here SDW Specific contact resistance is called DIN ISO 53482 [52 x cm]) At x°(C) and load weight y (kg)” (melting flow index) in MFI (g/ 10 minutes) Here, in EVA /PE, normally at 5 kg or 10 kg for viscous polymers It is 190°C3. In PP, normally at 230°C for more difficult flowing extrusion types and At a load of 2.16 kg or 5 kg.
Tablo 47te, örnek niteliginde, Avrupa,da kablo bilesikleri/kablo kiliflari için alisilmis olan minimum gereklilikler belirtilmektedir Çekme dayanimi > 10 MPa 01 82 1-P-0002 Su emmesi maksimum %5 (100°C”de 24 saat) Genel olarak, bulusa göre olan OHFR-malzemesinin bütün varyasyonlari, (plastik malzeme) endüstrisinde (yüksek derecede) dolgulu polimer bilesiklerin üretimi için kullanilan, örnegin (Banbury-) içten karistirici, çift merdaneli cihazlar; içten karistiricilar, Farrel sürekli mikser (FCM); planet disli ekstrüderler; etkili bir homojenlestinneye olanak saglayan helezonlan bulunan SSE”ler (tek Vidali ekstrüderler) (Maddox-karistirma kafasi, kilitleme halkalari); yogmn karistiricilar gibi bütün isleme makinelerinde/bilesik hazirlama agregalarinda üretilebilmektedir Modifiye edilmis RS,nin hem düsük sicaklik varyasyonunun hem de yüksek sicaklik varyasyonunun yigin yogunlugunun (UTBD) yüksek olmasindan dolayi ve akma kabiliyetinin asiri iyi olmasindan dolayi, malzemeler, mükemmel bir sekilde, hem konvansiyonel hacimsel hem de (tercihen) gravimetrik dozlama ekipmanlari (bunlara örnegin K-Tron-Soderaden veya Brabenderaden temin edilebilen "1055-1n-weight feeder” denilmektedir), bilesik hazirlama makinesine beslenebilmektedir. Table 47, as an example, for cable assemblies/cable sheaths in Europe minimum requirements that are customary are stated Tensile strength > 10 MPa 01 82 1-P-0002 Water absorption maximum 5% (24 hours at 100°C) In general, all variations of the OHFR-material according to the invention (plastic Production of (highly) filled polymer compounds in the materials industry used for eg (Banbury-) internal mixer, double roller devices; sincere mixers, Farrel continuous mixer (FCM); planetary gear extruders; an effective SSEs (single Screw) with augers allowing homogenization extruders) (Maddox-mixing head, locking rings); heavy mixers in all processing machines/compound preparation aggregates such as can be produced The modified RS has both low temperature variation and high Due to the high bulk density (UTBD) of the temperature variation and due to its extremely good flow ability, the materials are an excellent Thus, both conventional volumetric and (preferably) gravimetric dosing equipment (available for example from K-Tron-Soderaden or Brabenderaden) "1055-1n-weight feeder", which can be can be fed.
EVA için örnekler: 0) Sifir numune olarak temel reçete Sonuçlar: 01 82 1-P-0002 UL 94 V(3,2 mm): Açiklama: Bu reçete, kablo endüstrisinde kabul edilen standarda uygundur ve PE/EVA polimer sistemindeki örnekler için karsilastirma esasidir. Examples for EVA: 0) Basic recipe as zero sample Results: 01 82 1-P-0002 UL 94 V(3.2mm): Explanation: This recipe complies with the accepted standard in the cable industry and is PE/EVA is the basis of comparison for samples in the polymer system.
MKRS -HT Sonuçlar: UL 94 V (3,2mm): E 14/E 12 01 82 1-P-0002 *2 son parilti fazla uzundur, bunun neticesinde siniflandirma UL 94 dikey,e göredir : n.e. (saglanmadi) Açiklama: Bu reçetede sadece modifiye edilmis, karbonlastirilmis olan RS (MKRS-HT) kullanilmaktadir. Mekanik degerler, standarda uygundur. Son parilti, uygun sinerjistelerin - örnegin çinkostannatlarin, boratlarin, vs. - eklenmesi yoluyla baskilanabilmektedir. MKRS -HT Results: UL 94V (3.2mm): E 14 / E 12 01 82 1-P-0002 *2 end shine is too long, resulting in classification UL 94 vertical,e according to: n.e. (not provided) Explanation: In this recipe, only modified, carbonized RS (MKRS-HT) is used. Mechanical values are in accordance with the standard. final shine, suitable synergists - eg zincstannates, borates, etc. - by adding can be suppressed.
MKRS -HT % 60; "D” kaplamasi ile yüzey modifikasyonlu Sonuçlar: UL 94 V (3,2 mm): V-l Açiklama: 01 82 1-P-0002 Bu reçetede sadece "D” reçetesine göre yüzey modifikasyonlu olan modifiye edilmis, karbonlastirilmis RS (MKRS-HT) kullanilmaktadir. Mekanik degerler, standarda kiyasla çok iyidir, elektriksel degerler de ayni sekilde çok iyidir, islenebilirlik belirgin derecede (faktör 2 kadar) daha iyi hale getirilmistir. Alevden korunma da ayni sekilde daha iyi hale getirilmistir. Bilesik çok sayida tel&kablo uygulamasi için kullanilabilmektedir. MKRS -HT 60%; Surface modified with "D" coating Results: UL 94 V (3.2 mm): V-l Explanation: 01 82 1-P-0002 In this recipe, only the modified surface modified according to the "D" recipe. carbonized RS (MKRS-HT) is used. mechanical values, very good compared to the standard, electrical values are also very good, machinability is significantly improved (by factor 2). from the flame protection has likewise been improved. Compound lots of wires&cables can be used for application.
MRZS -NT % 30 MKRS-HT % 30 Nano-kil % 5 MRRS ile nano-kil karisimi, "A” yüzey modiûkasyonu ile öngörülmüstür. MRZS-NT 30% MKRS-HT 30% Nano-clay 5% By MRRS, the nano-clay mixture was predicted with the "A" surface modification.
Sonuçlar: UL 94 V (3,2,mm): V-O Açiklama: 01 82 1-P-0002 Bu reçetede, modifiye edilmis, rehidre edilmis RS (MRZS-NT) ile modifiye edilmis, karbonlastirilmis RS (MKRS-HTYnin hedef odakli bir karisimi, yani "A” yüzey modifikasyonu ile öngörülmüs olan bir modifiye edilmis, karbonlastirilmis ve rehidre edilmis kirmizi çamur kullanilmaktadir. Mekanik ve elektriksel degerler çok iyidir. O, özgül temas direnci için mükemmel bir deger arz etmektedir. Alev dayanimi, benzer olan bir ATH-alev korumali bilesige denktir. Results: UL 94 V (3.2,mm): V-O Explanation: 01 82 1-P-0002 In this recipe, modified with rehydrated RS (MRZS-NT) carbonized RS (a target-oriented blend of MKRS-HTY, i.e. “A” a modified, carburized, predicted by surface modification and rehydrated red mud is used. mechanical and electrical the figures are very good. It offers an excellent value for specific contact resistance. is doing. The flame resistance is equivalent to a similar ATH-flame proof compound.
MKRS-HT % 26 Nano-kil % 5 Flamtard S % 3 Bütün polimer olmayan bilesenler "C” yüzey modifikasyonu ile öngörülmektedir. MKRS-HT 26% Nano-clay 5% Flamtard S 3% All non-polymer components are envisaged with the "C" surface modification.
Sonuçlar: UL 94V(l,6 mm): V-O Açiklama: 01 82 1-P-0002 Bu reçetede, konvansiyon bir OHFR-dolgu maddesi (burada: MDH) ile hedef odakli bir sekilde kombine edilmis olan modifiye edilmis, karbonlastirilmis RS (MKRS-HT), sinerjistler (nano-kil, çinkostannat) ile kombine edilerek kullanilmaktadir. Mekanik, elektriksel özellikler ile FR-özellikleri, belirtilen standarda kiyasla, mükemmeldir. Results: UL 94V(1.6mm): V-O Explanation: 01 82 1-P-0002 In this recipe, the convention is targeted with an OHFR-filler (here: MDH). modified, carbonized RS combined with focus (MKRS-HT) in combination with synergists (nano-clay, zinc stannate) is used. Mechanical, electrical properties and FR-properties, specified Compared to the standard, it is excellent.
MKRS-HT nano-ölçekli % 18,5 Nano-kil % 5 Flamtard S % 3 Polimer olmayan bilesenler, "B” yüzey modifikasyonu ile öngörülmüstür. MKRS-HT nano-scale 18.5% Nano-clay 5% Flamtard S 3% Non-polymer components are provided with the "B" surface modification.
Sonuçlar: UL 94 V (1,6 mm): V-O Açiklama: Bu reçetede, 4) numarali reçeteye kiyasla, daha az miktarda alevden koruyucu madde (nano-ölçekli olan MKRS-HT,nin MDH ve sinerjistler (nano-kil ve 01 82 1-P-0002 Flamtard S) ile kombinasyonu), "B" reçetesine göre olan yüzey modifikasyonu ile öngörülmüs olarak kullanilmaktadir. Yine de, 4) numarali reçete ile benzer olan sonuçlar elde edilmektedir. Results: UL 94 V (1.6 mm): V-O Explanation: In this recipe, compared to recipe 4), a lesser amount of flame retardant substance (MKRS-HT, which is nano-scale, MDH and synergists (nano-clay and 01 82 1-P-0002 Flamtard S) with surface modification according to recipe "B" used as prescribed. However, similar to recipe 4) results are obtained.
PVC için örnekler: 0) Sifir numune olarak temel reçete Plasticizer DIOP ATH Superfine SF4 ESD Sonuçlar: Tutusma süresi (saniye) PHRR (KW/m2) THR (MJ/m2) Özgül söndürme alani (m2/kg) Yangin performansi indeksi (m2 s/KW) Duman parametresi (MW/kg) Açiklama: 116,5 Bu reçete, PVC-formülasyonlari için karsilastirma standardidir. 01 82 1-P-0002 Plasticizer DIOP % 12,3 MKRS-HT % 61,7 Sonuçlar: Tutusma süresi (saniye) 69 PHRR (KW/m2) 23,1 Özgül söndürme alani (m2/kg) 122,0 Yangin performansi indeksi (m2 s/KW) 0,7 Duman parametresi (MW/kg) 14 Açiklama: Bu reçetede modifiye edilmis, karbonlastirilmis olan RS (MKRS-HT) kullanilmaktadir. Alevden koruma degerleri, ATH bazli standarda göre daha PP için örnekler: 0) Sifir numune olarak temel reçete 01 82 1-P-0002 PP 8400 % 35 Sonuçlar: Açiklama: Bu reçete, plastik malzeme endüstrisinde kabul edilen MDH bazli karsilastirma standardidir. Examples for PVC: 0) Basic recipe as zero sample Plasticizer DIOP ATH Superfine SF4 ESD Results: Ignition time (seconds) PHRR (KW/m2) THR (MJ/m2) Specific extinguishing area (m2/kg) Fire performance index (m2 h/KW) Smoke parameter (MW/kg) Explanation: 116.5 This recipe is the comparison standard for PVC-formulations. 01 82 1-P-0002 Plasticizer DIOP 12.3% MKRS-HT 61.7% Results: Ignition time (seconds) 69 PHRR (KW/m2) 23.1 Specific extinguishing area (m2/kg) 122.0 Fire performance index (m2 h/KW) 0.7 Smoke parameter (MW/kg) 14 Explanation: Modified, carbonized RS (MKRS-HT) in this recipe is used. Flame protection values are higher than ATH based standard. Examples for PP: 0) Basic recipe as zero sample 01 82 1-P-0002 PP 8400 35% Results: Explanation: This recipe is an MDH based comparison accepted in the plastics industry. is the standard.
PP 8400 % 35 MKRS-HT % 65 Sonuçlar: 01 82 1-P-0002 UL 94 V (3,2 mm): V-2 Açiklama: Bu formülasyonda sadece modifiye edilmis, karbonlastirilmis olan kirmizi çamur (MKRS-HT) kullanilmaktadir. Kopma uzamasi, sifir nuinuneye kiyasla, daha iyidir, alevden koruma, orada belirtilen degerlere seviye bakimindan henüz ulasmamaktadir. PP 8400 35% MKRS-HT 65% Results: 01 82 1-P-0002 UL 94 V (3.2 mm): V-2 Explanation: In this formulation, only modified, carbonized red mud (MKRS-HT) is used. Elongation at break, compared to zero good, the flame protection has not yet reached the values specified there in terms of level. cannot reach.
PP 8400 % 35 MKRS-HT % 60 Polimer olmayan bilesenler, "D” yüzey modifikasyonu ile öngörülmüstür. PP 8400 35% MKRS-HT 60% Non-polymer components are provided with the "D" surface modification.
Sonuçlar: 01 82 1-P-0002 UL 94 V (3,2 mm): V-0 Açiklama: Bu reçetede, modifiye edilmis, karbonlastirilmis kirmizi çamurun (MKRS-HT) yani sira bir de sinerjist olarak nano-kil ve "D” reçetesine göre olan bir yüzey kaplamasi kullanilmaktadir. Mekanik degerler ve alevden korunma degerleri, standarda uygundur. Islenebilirlik kuvvetli derecede iyilestirilmistir. Results: 01 82 1-P-0002 UL 94 V (3.2 mm): V-0 Explanation: In this recipe, modified carbonized red mud (MKRS-HT) as well as nano-clay as a synergist and a surface according to the "D" recipe coating is used. Mechanical values and flame protection values, conforms to the standard. Machinability is strongly improved.
Brom-organik alevden korumali polipropilen için örnekler 0) Sifir numune olarak temel reçete PP 8400 % 63 Pentabromdifenileter % 12 Antimontrioksit % 5 Sonuçlar: 01 82 1-P-0002 UL 94 V( 1,6 mm): V-2 Açiklama: Bu, asagidaki reçeteye karsilastirma numunesi olarak islev gören bir poliolefînik FR-formülasyonunu teskil etmektedir. Examples for bromine-organic flame retardant polypropylene 0) Basic recipe as zero sample PP 8400 63% Pentabromodiphenylether 12% Antimontrousoxide 5% Results: 01 82 1-P-0002 UL 94 V( 1.6mm): V-2 Explanation: This is a polyolefinic that serves as a comparison sample to the recipe below. It represents the FR-formulation.
PP 8400 % 63 Pentabromdifenileter % 6 Antimontrioksit % 2 MKRS -HT 29 Sonuçlar: a(n) kopma yok (0. Br.) UL 94 V (1,6 mm): V-O Yorumlama:(Yüzde cinsinden) halojenorganik/ antimontrioksit- alevden koruyucu- sistem yüklemesi yariya indirildiginde, mika (glimmer) yerine bulusa göre olan MKRS- 01 82 1-P-0002 HT,nin kullanilmasi, UL 94 dikeyîe göre yapilan yangin testinde bir V-0,a ulasan bir bilesik elde edilmesine yol açmaktadir. Bu sayede, mekanik degerler, sifir numuneye nazaran çok daha iyidir. PP 8400 63% Pentabromodiphenylether 6% Antimontrioxide 2% MKRS-HT 29 Results: a(n) no break (0. Br.) UL 94 V (1.6 mm): V-O Interpretation:(in percent) halogenoorganic/ antimontrioxide- flame retardant- system when the loading is halved, the MKRS- 01 82 1-P-0002 The use of HT results in a V-0 in the fire test per UL 94 vertical. leads to the formation of a compound. In this way, the mechanical values are zero. much better than the sample.
Poliamid için örnekler: 0) Sifir numune olarak temel reçete Sonuçlar: UL 94(3,2 mm): V-O Açiklama: PA B3L, digerlerinin yani sira FI-devre kesiciler gibi FR-uygulamalarinda kullanilan çok yaygin bir "Engineering Plastic"-PA için darbe dayanimli modifiye edilmis olan bir modeldir. Examples for polyamide: 0) Basic recipe as zero sample Results: UL 94(3.2mm): V-O Explanation: PA B3L in FR-applications such as FI-circuit breakers, among others Impact resistant modifier for a very common "Engineering Plastic"-PA used It is an established model.
Bu reçete, ilgili plastik malzeme endüstrisinde, alevden korunmali poliamid- karsilastirma standardi sayilmaktadir. 01 82 1-P-0002 MKRS-HT % 55 Sonuçlar: UL 94 V (3,2 mm): V-2 Açiklama: Bu reçetede modifiye edilmis, karbonlastirilmis olan RS (MKRS-HT) kullanilmaktadir. Mekanik degerler uygundur, aleve direnç degeri, standarttan kötüdür. This recipe is used in the relevant plastics industry for flame retardant polyamide- is considered a standard of comparison. 01 82 1-P-0002 MKRS-HT 55% Results: UL 94 V (3.2 mm): V-2 Explanation: Modified, carbonized RS (MKRS-HT) in this recipe is used. Mechanical values are suitable, flame resistance value, from standard is bad.
MKRS-HT % 55 , A yüzey modifikasyonu ile öngörülmüstür Sonuçlar: 01 82 1-P-0002 Açiklama: Bu reçetede, modifiye edilmis, karbonlastirilmis olan RS (MKRS-HT)°nin yani sira "A" reçetesine göre olan bir yüzey modifikasyonu kullanilmaktadir. Yüzey modifikasyonu A özel olarak bilesigin alev dayanimini, söz konusu bu alev dayaniini standart seviyesine henüz ulasmiyor, ancak 1) numarali reçeteye nazaran çok daha iyi olsa da, önemli ölçüde iyilestirmektedir. MKRS-HT 55% envisaged with surface modification A Results: 01 82 1-P-0002 Explanation: In this recipe, the modified, carbonized RS (MKRS-HT) i.e. a surface modification according to recipe "A" is used. Surface Modification A specifically denotes the flame resistance of the compound in question for that flame. It does not reach the standard level of durability yet, but according to recipe 1) Although much better than it does, it improves significantly.
Bunun yani sira, mekanik özellikler de kayda deger ölçüde iyilesmektedir, bu da teknik bakimdan zorlu uygulamalara yardimci olmaktadir. In addition, the mechanical properties are improved considerably, which assists in technically demanding applications.
Reçete:PA B3L % 45 MKRS-HT % 50 Nano-kil % 5 Polimer olmayan bilesenler D yüzey modifikasyonu ile öngörülmüstür. Recipe: PA B3L 45% MKRS-HT 50% Nano-clay 5% Non-polymer components are provided with D surface modification.
Sonuçlar:10 01 82 1-P-0002 Açiklama: Bu reçetede, modifiye edilmis, karbonlastirilmis kirmizi çamurun (MKRS-HT) yani sira bir de nano-kil sinerjisti ve "D” reçetesine göre olan yüzey modifikasyonu kullanilmaktadir. Results:10 01 82 1-P-0002 Explanation: In this recipe, modified carbonized red mud (MKRS-HT) as well as nano-clay synergist and surface according to recipe "D" modification is used.
Bu bilesik formülasyonu mükemmel bir alev dayanimi sunmaktadir, bu da elektrikli bilesenlerin cidar kalinliginin azaltilmasina izin vermektedir. Burada onlar, endüstri standardinin mekanik degerlerine ulasmaktadir. This compound formulation offers excellent flame resistance, which allows the wall thickness of electrical components to be reduced. Here they reach the mechanical values of the industry standard.
Tartisma Bayer-yöntemine göre boksitten ATH kazanilirken atik ürün olarak olusan kirmizi çamurdan, rehidrasyon ve bulusa göre karbonlastirma yoluyla, mükemmel inorganik, halojensiz alevden koruyucu maddeler kazanilabilmektedir. Kirmizi çamur, kimyasal islem görmeden de, belirli bir alev geciktirici etki göstermekte olup söz konusu bu etki, kirmizi çamurun içinde kalinti gibbsit/böhmit veya götit muhtevalarinin bulunuyor olmasindan ve baka sinerjistik etkilerden kaynaklanmaktadir, ancak bu toplamda zayiftir ve çok dalgalanmaktadir, yani tanimsizdir. Ancak RSlnin rehidrasyonu ve her seyden önce karbonlastinnasi yoluyla, tanimli özelliklere sahip olan alev geciktiriciler olusmaktadir. 01 82 1-P-0002 Rehidrasyon yoluyla, alüminyumun ve demirin hidroksit/oksithidrat muhtevasi arttirilmaktadir. Bu ürünler, 220°C ile 350°C arasinda alev geciktirici etki gelistirmektedir. Karbonlastinna yoluyla, kirmizi çamurdan her seyden önce Fe(ll)karbonat olusmakta olup 0, kendisinin alev geciktirici etkisini takriben 350°C ile 500°C arasinda, demiroksite ve C02°ye ayrisarak, gelistirmektedir. Argument Red, which is formed as a waste product while recovering ATH from bauxite according to the Bayer-method from sludge, through rehydration and carbonization according to the invention, excellent Inorganic, halogen-free flame retardants can be obtained. Red The mud shows a certain flame retardant effect even without chemical treatment. This effect is caused by residual gibbsite/boehmite or goethite in the red mud. content and other synergistic effects. but this is weak overall and fluctuates a lot, so is undefined. However, the rehydration of RSl and above all its carbonation By this means, flame retardants with defined properties are formed. 01 82 1-P-0002 Hydroxide/oxidehydrate content of aluminum and iron by rehydration is being increased. These products are flame retardant between 220°C and 350°C. is developing. Through the carbonlastinna, above all from the red mud Fe(II)carbonate is formed and its flame retardant effect is approximately 0. Between 350°C and 500°C, it decomposes into iron oxide and CO2.
Böylece, ya 350°C ila 500°C arasindaki sicaklik araliginda etki eden, yani yüksek sicaklik-alev geciktiricilerini teskil eden ya da 220°C ila 350°C arasinda etki eden, yani düsük sicaklik araligi-alev geciktiricilerini teskil eden ya da özel reaksiyon yürütme yoluyla veya karistirma yoluyla hem düsük sicaklik araligini hem de yüksek sicaklik araligini karsilayan ve böylece 220°C ile 500°C arasinda aktif olan alev geciktiriciler üretilebilmektedir. Thus, it either acts in the temperature range between 350°C and 500°C, i.e. high constituting temperature-flame retardants or acting between 220°C and 350°C, ie low temperature range-forming flame retardants or special reaction both the low temperature range and the meeting the high temperature range and thus active between 220°C and 500°C flame retardants can be produced.
Halen daha kirmizi çamurun içinde mevcut olan, ayni sekilde özgül veya sinerjistik etki eden, silikatlar, alüminyumsilikatlar, TIOz, vs. gibi diger maddeler ile birlikte, böylece her polimer için talebe özel üretilebilen yeni, uygun Iîyatli OHFR-ürünleri saglanmis olmaktadir. Piyasada simdiye kadar sunulan ürünler, 180°C ile takriben 350°C arasinda etki eden ATH ve MDH”lerdir. ATH, 180°C ila takriben 220°C,lik araligi karsilamaktadir. "Yüksek sicaklik-alev geciktiricisi” denilen alev geciktiricisi olarak MDH, 350°C”ye kadar olan araligi karsilamaktadir. Kirmizi çamurdan, rehidrasyon yoluyla veya bulusa göre karbonlastirma yoluyla kazanilan ürünler, tek bir ürün ile, 220°C ile 350°C, karsilamaktadir. which is still present in the red mud, as well as specific or silicates, aluminum silicates, TIOz, etc., acting synergistically. other substances such as together with the new, affordable OHFR-products are provided. Products offered in the market so far, They are ATH and MDHs that act between 180°C and approximately 350°C. ATH, 180°C to approximately 220°C. "High temperature-flame retardant" as a flame retardant called MDH, range up to 350°C meets. From red mud, by rehydration or according to the invention products obtained by carbonization, with a single product, 220°C to 350°C, meets.
Kirmizi çamurdan üretilen ürünler hem fiziksel hem de kimyasal degisikliklere tabi tutulabilmektedir. Fiziksel degisiklikler teriminden özellikle ortalama tane büyüklügünün ayarlanmasi ve kalinti nem anlasilmalidir. Kimyasal degisikliklere, örnegin organosilanlar, organotitanatlar, organozirkonaluminatlar, karboksilik asitler, hidroksi-karboksilik asit türevleri, yumusaticilar, oligomerler, polimer- 01 82 1-P-0002 öncüleri, polimerler, iyonomerler, borik asitler ve onlarin metal tuzu türevleri, çinkostannatlar, çinkohidroksistannatlar veya onlarin kombinasyonlari gibi maddeler ile yüzey kaplamalari dahildir. Ayrica, bu ürünler, örnegin organo-killer (nano-killer), kalay bilesikleri, borik asit, fluoropolimerler (5”ten daha az) vs. gibi sinerjistler ile kombine edilebilmektedir. Örneklerde, asagida belirtilen polimerler ile testler uygulanmistir: EVA, PP, Polyamid 6 ve PVC. Sifir numuneler olarak ATH, MDH pentabromfenileter/antimontrioksit karsisinda test uygulanmistir. Bulusa göre olan ürünler olarak MKRS-HT veya MRZS-NT/MKRS-H kullanilmistir. Products produced from red mud are subject to both physical and chemical changes. may be subjected. From the term physical changes, especially the average grain size and residual moisture should be understood. chemical changes, eg organosilanes, organotitanates, organozirconaluminates, carboxylic acids, hydroxy-carboxylic acid derivatives, plasticizers, oligomers, polymer- 01 82 1-P-0002 precursors, polymers, ionomers, boric acids and their metal salt derivatives, such as zincstannates, zinchydroxystannates or combinations thereof. materials and surface coatings. In addition, these products, for example organo-clays (nano-clays), tin compounds, boric acid, fluoropolymers (less than 5”) etc. as Can be combined with synergists. In the samples, tests were carried out with the following polymers: EVA, PP, Polyamide 6 and PVC. ATH, MDH as zero samples Pentabromphenylether/antimontrioxide was tested against. according to the invention MKRS-HT or MRZS-NT/MKRS-H were used as products.
Asagida belirtilen sonuçlar elde edilebilmistir: Örneklerde belirtilen formülasyonlar ile, çok iyi mekanik degerler, özgül temas direnci için mükemmel degerler ve alevden koruma konusunda ATH ile donatilmis bilesikler ile benzer degerler arz eden bilesikler elde edilmistir. The following results have been achieved: Very good mechanical values, specific contact with the formulations mentioned in the examples with excellent values for resistance and ATH for flame protection. Compounds with similar values were obtained with the equipped compounds.
Bilesikler, bütün tel & kablo uygulamalarinda kullanilabilmektedir. Örnek 1)`de belirtilen reçete, alevden korunma degerleri bakimindan, ATH bazli standarda göre iyilestirilmistir. Örnek 2)”de belirtilen reçete, mekanik degerleri ve alevden korunma degerleri Bromorganik alevden koruyucu ile donatilmis olan PP,de, reçete l),de, sifir 01 82 1-P-0002 numunesine nazaran, pentabromdifenileter/antimonoksit miktari yariya düsürülmüstür ve mika (glimmer) eklenmemistir. Bunun yerine MKRS-HT entegre edilmistir. Bu reçete, daha iyi mekanik özellikler arz etmektedir ve UL 94 dikey (V0) yangin korumasina ulasmaktadir. Örnek 3),te belirtilen formülasyon, mekanik degerler bakimindan standarda ulasmaktadir. Alev dayanimi mükemmeldir. The compounds can be used in all wire & cable applications. The recipe specified in Example 1) is ATH-based in terms of flame protection values. improved to standard. The recipe, mechanical values and flame protection values specified in “Example 2)” PP,de, recipe l),de, zero, equipped with bromoorganic flame retardant 01 82 1-P-0002 Compared to the sample, the amount of pentabromodiphenylether/antimonoxide is halved. It has been reduced and no mica (glimmer) has been added. MKRS-HT instead is integrated. This prescription offers better mechanical properties and is UL 94 reaching vertical (V0) fire protection. The formulation specified in Example 3) conforms to the standard in terms of mechanical values. is reaching. Flame resistance is excellent.
Toplamda modifiye edilmis, karbonlastirilmis kirmizi çamurun (MKRS-HT) ya da modifiye edilmis, rehidre edilmis kirmizi çamurun (MRZS-NT) ya da her ikisinin karisimlarinin, örnegin özel proses yürütme yoluyla ya da MRZS-NT ile MKRS-HTnin karistirilmasi yoluyla, bir ürünün içinde simdiye kadar ATH ve MDH tarafindan karsilanan teknolojiye denk olan OHFR-sistemlerinin olustugu tespit edilmistir. Bulusa göre, artik, MKRS-HT ile, (350°C - 500°C) yüksek sicaklik araligi için en iyi sekilde uygun olan ilave bir ürün piyasaya girmektedir. In total, modified, carbonized red sludge (MKRS-HT) modified, rehydrated red sludge (MRZS-NT) or any mixtures of the two, for example by special process execution or with MRZS-NT By mixing MKRS-HT, ATH and Consisting of OHFR-systems equivalent to the technology provided by MDH has been detected. According to the invention, now with MKRS-HT, (350°C - 500°C) high An additional product enters the market that is best suited for the temperature range.
Ilaveten, modifikasyon yoluyla üretilen MRZS-NT ve/Veya MKRS-HT ürünlerinin onun içine yataklandirilmis oldugu kirmizi çamur matrisi, görünüse göre, alüminyumun ve demirin hidroksitlerinin/oksithidratlarinin etkili oldugu reaksiyon araliklarini, daha yüksek sicaklik araliklarina kaydirmaktadir. Additionally, MRZS-NT and/or MKRS-HT produced by modification the red mud matrix in which its products are bedded, apparently According to the results, hydroxides/oxidehydrates of aluminum and iron are effective. shifts the reaction ranges to higher temperature ranges.
Siderit optimize MKRS-HT-varyasyonunun yüzey modifikasyonu, su depolama konusunda mükemmel bir davranis göstermektedir, yani uygulamada, özgül temas direncinde hiçbir atik gözlemlenmemektedir. Bu, bir mineral alevden koruyucu madde için olaganüstü bir sonuçtur. Surface modification of the siderite-optimized MKRS-HT-variation, water storage It exhibits excellent behavior in terms of specific contact No waste is observed in the resistor. This is a mineral flame protector. This is an outstanding result for the item.
Genel olarak, modifiye edilmis, karbonlastirilmis ve/veya rehidre edilmis kirinizi çamur ile, yani MKRS-HT veya MRZS-NT ya da MKRS-HT/MRZS-NT ile, her polimer için talebe özgü olan, simdiye kadar kullanilan ürünlere nazaran çok daha ekonomik olan, ancak mekanik degerler ve her seyden önce alevden koruma 01 82 1-P-0002 bakimindan benzer sonuçlara ulasan OHFR-sistemlerin bulunabilecegi, tespit edilmistir. Bu OHFR-sistemlerinin, özel etkilerin elde edilmesi veya belirgin hale getirilmesi için piyasada bulunan ürünler ile, örnegin ATH, MDH, Brusit veya Huntit, vs. ile karistirilmasi da mümkündür. In general, your modified, carburized and/or rehydrated soil with mud, ie MKRS-HT or MRZS-NT or MKRS-HT/MRZS-NT, every specific to the demand for the polymer, much more so than the products used so far. economical, but with mechanical values and above all flame protection 01 82 1-P-0002 It is determined that OHFR-systems with similar results in terms of has been made. These OHFR-systems are used to achieve or make specific effects with products commercially available for importing, for example ATH, MDH, Brucite or Huntit, vs. It is also possible to mix with
BARIT SÜBSTITÜSYONU Bulusa göre ayrica, kirmizi çamunin, modifiye edilmis, rehidre edilmis ve karbonlastirilmis kirmizi çamurun ve onlarin karisimlarinin, belirli barit uygulamalarinda, baritin yerine kullanilabilecegi, tespit edilmistir. Bu sekilde donatilmis olan ürünler, bu durumda, "barit karsilastirilabilir etkisi” yani sira ilaveten bir alev geciktirici etki göstermektedir. Yani bir çift etki mevcuttur. Örnegin tamponlar, böyle uygulamalara örneklerdir. BARITE SUBSTITUTION In addition, according to the invention, red pine is modified, rehydrated and carbonized red mud and their mixtures, certain bare It has been determined that it can be used instead of barite in applications. In this way products equipped with, in this case, "barely comparable effect" as well as In addition, it exhibits a flame retardant effect. So there is a double effect. Buffers, for example, are examples of such applications.
SES YALITIMI Bulusa göre ayrica, kirmizi çamurun, modifiye edilmis, rehidre edilmis ve karbonlastirilmis kirmizi çamurun ve onlarin karisimlarinin, ses yalitici bir etkiye sahip oldugu, tespit edilmistir. Yani, bununla donatilmis olan ürünler, alev geciktirici etkinin yani sira bir de bir ses yalitici etki göstermektedir. Burada da bir çift etki mevcuttur. Özellikle insaat alaninda kullanilan plastik malzeme sistemleri, böyle uygulamalara örneklerdir. SOUND INSULATION In addition, according to the invention, the red sludge is modified, rehydrated and carbonized red mud and their mixtures have a sound-insulating effect. has been identified. That is, products equipped with this In addition to the delaying effect, it also shows a soundproofing effect. Here too There are two effects. Plastic material used especially in the field of construction systems are examples of such applications.
Kirmizi çamur, modifiye edilmis, rehidre edilmis ve karbonlastirilmis çamur ile onlarin karisimlari, ses yalitimi amaciyla, mineral madde sistemlerine de eklenebilmektedir. Kartonlu alçi levhalar, saplar, beton, vs., bunlara örneklerdir. Önemli uygulamalar özellikle insaat alaninda yer almaktadir. Red sludge with modified, rehydrated and carbonized sludge their mixtures can also be added to mineral matter systems for sound insulation purposes. can be added. Cardboard plasterboards, handles, concrete, etc. are examples. Important applications are especially in the field of construction.
Yukaridaki ve asagidaki açiklamalarda, "olabilir" veya "olabilmektedir" ifadesinin kullanimi, "tercihen" veya "tercihen....sahiptir” ile es anlamli anlasilmalidir ve bulusa uygun olan diger uygulama sekillerini açiklar. 01 82 1-P-0002 Bulusa uygun olan uygulama sekilleri, yukaridaki ve/veya asagidaki Özelliklerden bir tanesine veya daha fazlasina sahip olabilmektedir. In the above and below explanations, "could" or "could be" use must be synonymous with "preferably" or "preferably has", and describes other modes of application in accordance with the invention. 01 82 1-P-0002 The embodiments of the invention in accordance with the above and/or the following features may have one or more.
ANTIMONTRIOKSIT-SÜBSTITÜSYONU, ISI YALITIMI, ISI DEPOLAMA, ELEKTROMANYETIK DALGALARIN KALKANLANMAS] Bulusa uygun uygulama sekillerinin bazilari veya hepsi, belirtilen özelliklerden bir tanesine, daha fazlasina ve/veya hepsine sahip olabilmektedir. ANTIMONTRIOXIDE-SUBSTITUTE, THERMAL INSULATION, HEAT STORAGE, ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES SHIELDING] Some or all of the embodiments according to the invention are more than the specified features. may have one, more, and/or all.
Bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu maddenin (MKRS-HT ve/veya MRZS-NT tercih edilen avantajli kullanim alanlari, daha önce zaten tarif edilen halojensiz alevden koruma etkisinin yani sira sunlardir: . Antimontrioksitin hem PVC-fonnülasyonlarinin içinde hem de halogen- organo alevden korunan formülasyonlarin içinde kismen, tercihen tamamen sübstitüsyonu; o isi yalitimi: özellikle, ilgili bilesenin, kendisinin çok yönlü tasarim olanaklari halindeki isi yalitiminin yani sira, alevden korunmasinin da bir rol oynadigi yerde; . isinin depolanmasi: özellikle, ilgili bilesenin, kendisinin tüm teknik tasarim olanaklari halindeki isi depolamasinin yani sira, isi yalitiminin ve alevden korunmasinin da bir rol oynadigi yerde; . sesten koruma: özellikle, sesten korumanin yani sira isi depolama ve/veya isi yalitimi gibi özelliklerin ve özellikle bir genisletilmis ve/Veya temel alevden korumanin bir rol oynadigi yerde; ve/veya - elektromanyetik isinimin kalkanlanmasi : özellikle, alevden koruma etkisinin yani sira, isi depolamanin ve/Veya isi yalitiminin ve/veya örnegin çesitli kaynaklardan farkli enerji ile yayilan ve kismen elektrikli ve/veya elektronik bilesenlerin ve/veya sistemlerin bütünlügüne felaket etkileri bulunan elektroinanyetik isinimin ve bir de I'Elektro-Smog" denilen 01 82 1-P-0002 elektronik pusun ilgili insanlar ve/veya hassas insanlar üzerindeki etkilerinin minimize edilecegi yerde. The flame retardant according to the invention (MKRS-HT and/or MRZS-NT) preferred advantageous uses, halogen-free already described Besides the flame protection effect they are: . Antimontrioxide is used both in PVC-formulations and in halogen- partially in organo flame-protected formulations, preferably its complete substitution; o heat insulation: in particular, the versatile design of the respective component itself In addition to the thermal insulation, which is possible, flame protection is also a factor. where it plays a role; . storage of work: in particular, all technical In addition to heat storage in the form of design possibilities, heat insulation and where flame protection also plays a role; . sound protection: in particular, sound protection as well as heat storage and/or features such as thermal insulation, and in particular an extended and/or basic where flame protection plays a role; and/or - shielding of electromagnetic radiation: in particular, flame protection besides the effect of heat storage and/or heat insulation and/or for example radiated with different energy from various sources and partially electrified and/or catastrophic effects on the integrity of electronic components and/or systems of the electromagnetic radiation and the so-called "I'Electro-Smog" 01 82 1-P-0002 electronic haze on people concerned and/or sensitive people. where its effects are minimized.
Bu kullanim alanlari, özellikle, örnegin insaat- ve tesis insasi alaninda, tarif edilen etkilerin yani sira, verimli bir halojensiz alevden korumanin da söz konusu oldugu yerde önemlidir. These areas of use, in particular, for example in the field of construction and plant construction, have been described effects, as well as an efficient halogen-free flame protection. location is important.
Burada, prensip olarak, istenilen özellik profiline ulasmak için, belirtilen tipik etkiler istenen sekilde ve teknik gereklilik dogrultusunda birbiriyle kombine edilebilmektedir. Here, in principle, in order to achieve the desired property profile, the specified typical effects can be combined with each other as desired and in line with technical necessity. can be achieved.
Girisinin zaten yapilmis oldugu gibi, genel olarak incelendiginde, polimer Sistemlerinde belirli bir alevden koruma saglamak için üç ana yaklasim mevcuttur: . Sisen tip FR-sistemleri (örnegin melamin türevleri + polimer; vs.) 0 Halojensiz FR-sistemleri (özellikle: ATH, MDH, APP, vs.); ve/veya o Halojenli FR-sistemleri (örnegin PVC + antimontrioksit; Halojen-organik FR + Sb203 + polimer, vs). Examined generally, as the introduction has already been made, the polymer There are three main approaches to provide specific flame protection in their systems: . Sisen type FR-systems (eg melamine derivatives + polymer; etc.) 0 Halogen-free FR-systems (especially: ATH, MDH, APP, etc.); and/or o Halogenated FR-systems (eg PVC + antimontrioxide; Halogen-organic FR + Sb203 + polymer, etc.).
Halojenli FR-sistemleri için, bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu madde (MKRS- HT ve/veya MR2S-NT, tipki yukarida halojensiz FR-sistemleri için tarif edilen sekilde, optimum biçimde uygundur. Flame retardant according to the invention for halogenated FR systems (MKRS- HT and/or MR2S-NT, as described above for halogen-free FR-systems is optimally suited.
Mevcut bulus, bu nedenle ayrica, bulusa uygun olan bir alevden koruyucu maddenin veya bulusa uygun olan bir alevden koruyucu maddenin kirinizi çamur ile karisimlarinin, özellikle plastik malzeme sistemlerinin içinde, tercihen barit yerine, dolgu maddesi olarak kullanimi ile ilgilidir. Böylece, avantajli biçimde, bilesik haline getirilmis olan plastik malzemelere ayni zamanda bir alev geciktirici donanim kazandirilmasi mümkün olabilmektedir. 01 82 1-P-0002 Bulus, ayrica, bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu maddenin, antimontrioksit (Sb203) için ornatik veya ornatici madde olarak kullanimi ile ilgilidir. The present invention therefore also provides a flame retardant in accordance with the invention. sludge the dirt of the substance or a flame retardant according to the invention. and mixtures, especially in plastic material systems, preferably barite Instead, it is related to its use as a filler. Thus, advantageously, It is also a flame retardant to the composited plastic materials. hardware acquisition is possible. 01 82 1-P-0002 The invention also indicates that the flame retardant according to the invention is antimontrioxide. (Sb203) is related to its use as a substituent or substituent.
Avantajli olan bulusa uygun uygulama sekillerinde, bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu madde, alternatif olarak, en azindan kismen veya tamamen antimontrioksit (Sb203) için ornatik veya omatici madde olarak kullanilabilmektedir. Özellikle PVC-tel & kablo bilesiklerinin içinde oldugu kadar, halogen-organo alevden korunan bilesiklerin (Hal-FR-bilesiklerin) içinde, sinerjist olarak normalde antimontrioksit kullanilmaktadir. In the advantageous inventive application forms, the inventive flame preservative, alternatively, at least partially or completely as a substituent or a matici for antimontrous oxide (Sb2O3) can be used. Especially in PVC-wire & cable compounds as well as halogen-organo as a synergist in flame-proof compounds (Hal-FR-compounds) normally antimonotrioxide is used.
PVC -bilesiginin içinde, yangin durumunda, antimontrioksit, polizde salinan halojen-ara ürünü ile reaksiyona girerek, antimonoksiklorür (SbOCl),e veya antimonoksibromür (SbOBr)”e dönüsmektedir, bunlarin her ikisi de, gaz fazinda radikal yakalayici olarak etkilidir ve bu sekilde yangin islemini kesmektedir. In the PVC-compound, in case of fire, antimontrioxide is released in the polylysis by reacting with the halogen-intermediate, antimonoxychloride (SbOCl),e or converts to antimonoxybromide (SbOBr), both of which are in the gas phase. It is effective as a radical scavenger and thus interrupts the fire process.
Burada, yukarida belirtilen etkili bilesikler, en büyük oranda duman gazi yogunlugundan sorumludur. Yangin durumunda, duman gazi yogunlugu, ilgili kisilerin kaçis yollarini basarili bir sekilde kullanamamasina yol açtigi ve bu nedenle zarar gördügü için, duman gazi yogunlugunun minimize edilmesi, avantajli olmaktadir. Ancak, bu yapilirken, özel olarak toplam sistemdeki yangin önleme, kisitlanmamalidir. Here, the above-mentioned effective compounds are greatest in flue gas. responsible for its density. In the event of fire, the flue gas concentration is cause people to not be able to use their escape routes successfully, and this Minimizing the smoke gas density because it is damaged for this reason, is advantageous. However, while this is being done, specifically the fire in the total system Prevention should not be restricted.
Ancak, normalde kullanilan antimontrioksit birkaç dezavantaj arz etmektedir. However, the normally used antimontrioxide presents several disadvantages.
Bunlar, yukarida belirtilen hususlarin yani sira, hem kanseri tetikleyen teratojenik ve/veya mutajenik etkilere dayali olan toksisitedir hem de gergin bir besleme durumuna yol açan fiyattir. In addition to the above-mentioned aspects, they are both teratogenic and cancer-inducing. and/or toxicity based on mutagenic effects as well as a strained feeding is the price that leads to the condition.
Mümkün olan ornatiklar olarak uygun olan bilesikler, mesela çinkomolibdat, kalsiyummolibdat veya antimonpentoksid, baska dezavantajlari arz etmektedir. 01 82 1-P-0002 Örnegin onlari fiyati, antimontrioksite kiyasla daha yüksektir. Ayrica, onlar, çogu bilesik formülasyonunun içinde önemli stabilite sorunlari olusturmaktadir. Suitable compounds as possible substituents, eg zincmolybdate, calciummolybdate or antimonpentoxide present other disadvantages. 01 82 1-P-0002 For example, their price is higher compared to antimontrioxide. Also, they are most This creates significant stability problems within the compound formulation.
Burada, bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu inaddenin (MKRS-HT ve/veya MRZS-NT); antimontrioksit yerine kullanilmasi, avantajli bir alternatifi olusturmaktadir. Özellikle, bulusa göre olan alevden koruyucu maddenin bulusa göre kullanimi teknik olarak etkili oldugu kadar her seyden önce toksik degildir. Here, the flame retardant inadhesin according to the invention (MKRS-HT and/or MRZS-NT); It is an advantageous alternative to use as a substitute for antimonytrioxide. forms. In particular, the invention of the flame retardant according to the invention According to this, its use is technically effective as well as, above all, non-toxic.
Ayrica, bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu maddenin bulusa göre kullanimi, piyasa hususlari bakimindan da, özellikle kullanilabilirlik ve/veya fiyat bakimindan da, avantaj lidir. In addition, the use of the flame retardant according to the invention according to the invention, also in terms of market considerations, in particular availability and/or price In terms of this, it is advantageous.
Bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu madde (MKRS-HT ve/veya MR2S-NT, piyasadan temin edilebilen antimontrioksit ile benzer bir tane dagilim spektrumuna sahip oldugu için, 0, avantajli biçimde, tipki onun gibi hazirlanabilmektedir. Bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu madde, özellikle, masterbatch olarak, toz olarak veya macun olarak, avantajli biçimde bilesigin içine islenebilmektedir. Bu sayede, avantajli biçimde, bilesik haline getirmede yogun maliyetli ilave adimlarin önlenmesi, mümkün olabilmektedir. Flame retardant according to the invention (MKRS-HT and/or MR2S-NT, a similar dispersion with commercially available antimontrioxide Since it has a spectrum of 0, advantageously, just like can be prepared. The flame retardant according to the invention, in particular, advantageously compound as a masterbatch, as a powder or as a paste. can be embedded in. In this way, advantageously in compounding avoidance of costly additional steps may be possible.
Bulus, ayrica, bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu maddenin, sinerjist olarak kullanimi ile ilgilidir. The invention further provides that the flame retardant according to the invention can act as a synergist. relates to its use.
Avantajli olan bulusa uygun uygulama sekillerinde, sinerjist, özellikle, bir yanginda olusan halojenli ara ürünleri yakalama veya baglama yetenegine sahip olabilmektedir. In embodiments of the invention which are advantageous, the synergist is particularly Capable of capturing or binding halogenated intermediates formed in fire can happen.
Bulus, ayrica, bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu maddenin, isil stabilizatör olarak kullanimi ile ilgilidir. Böylece, avantajli biçimde, bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu maddeyi içeren madde sistemlerinin isil stabilitesinin hedefli bir sekilde arttirilmasi veya genel olarak kontrol edilmesi, mümkün olabilmektedir. 01 82 1-P-0002 Avantajli olan bulusa uygun uygulama sekillerinde, bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu madde özelligi polivinilklorür (PVC) içeren bilesimlerin içinde veya PVC içeren bilesiklerde ve/veya halojenli alevden korunan bilesimlerde özellikle isil stabilitör olarak öngörülmüs ve/veya uygun olabilmektedir. The invention further provides that the flame retardant according to the invention is a thermal stabilizer. relates to its use. Thus, advantageously, the inventive targeted thermal stability of material systems containing the flame retardant. be increased in some way or generally controlled, possible can happen. 01 82 1-P-0002 In the advantageous inventive application forms, the inventive flame in compositions containing polyvinylchloride (PVC) as a preservative or Especially in PVC containing compounds and/or halogenated flame protected compositions. It may be prescribed and/or suitable as a thermal stabilizer.
Avantajli olan diger bulusa uygun uygulama sekillerinde, bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu madde özellikle polivinilklorür (PVC) içeren bilesimlerin veya PVC içeren bilesiklerin ve/veya halojenli alevden korunan bilesimlerin içinde özellikle dolgu maddesi olarak ve/veya antimontrioksit (Sb203) için ornatik veya ornatici madde olarak ve/veya sinerjist olarak ve/veya isil stabilizatör olarak kullanilabilmektedir. The advantageous other inventive application forms, in accordance with the invention flame retardant, especially compositions containing polyvinylchloride (PVC) or In PVC-containing compounds and/or halogenated flame-protected compositions in particular as a filler and/or as a substitute for antimontrioxide (Sb2O3) or as a replacer and/or as a synergist and/or as a thermal stabilizer can be used.
Avantajli olan baska bulusa uygun uygulama sekillerinde, PVC içeren bilesimlerde özellikle PVC içeren kablolar veya PVC içeren kablo bilesikleri söz konusu olabilmektedir. In other advantageous embodiments according to the invention, PVC-containing In particular, PVC-containing cables or PVC-containing cable compounds are mentioned in the compositions. may be the subject.
Belirli avantajli bulusa uygun uygulama sekillerinde, PVC içeren bilesimler ayrica bir yumusatici içerebilmektedir. ÖRNEKLER: Ilgili bilesikler, bir Buss-ortak eksenli-yogurucu (MDK/ E 46 -11 D / GS 46 (3,5 D)) vasitasiyla üretilmektedir ve ilgili granüller, bir laboratuvar tipi merdane ile bir isitilabilir veya sogutulabilir çift panel pres vasitasiyla islenerek deney numuneleri haline getirilmektedir. In certain advantageous embodiments according to the invention, PVC-containing compositions are also may contain a softener. EXAMPLES: Related compounds are a Buss-coaxial-kneader (MDK/ E 46 -11 D / GS 46 (3.5 D)) and the corresponding granules are crushed by a laboratory roller. test by processing by means of a heatable or refrigerable double panel press are made into samples.
Ilgili test öncesinde, deney numuneleri, normal iklimde (23°C, % 50 bagil oda nemi) 48 saat dengelenmektedir. Tablo 5 ile 6 birkaç sonucu vermektedir. 01 82 1-P-0002 Duman gazi yogunlugu Duman gazi baskilayicisi Kontrol Sb203 MKRS- bilesigi HT NBS-duman odasi (ASTM E 662) alevlenme modu D 90 (ortalama) 56 31 20 D maksimum (ortalama) 350 260 208 Kisitlayici oksijen endeksi 40 42 46 Reçete: PVC Oksivinil-240 (100 phr), kursun-fumarat- 9 phr,TOTM-35 phr, Cl.- ESD (ATH) 29-phr, tebesir (Ultracarb US) -29 phr, ilgili duman gazi baskilayicisi -10 phr phr olarak formülasyon bileseni Kontrol bilesigi MKRS-hat içeren bilesik Oksivinil 80 40 Uniplex FRP-45 20 20 Sanctiziser 2148 32 32 Stearik asit 1 1 Bâropan MC 91108 KA 8 8 MKRS-Hat 40 01 82 1-P-0002 phr olarak formülasyon bileseni Kontrol bilesigi MKRS-hat içeren bilesik Ayrisma zamani 38 :10 47:54 Bulus, ayrica, bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu maddenin, isi depolamasi için veya isi depolama malzemesi olarak kullanilmasi ile ilgilidir. Prior to the relevant test, the test specimens were stored in a normal climate (23°C, 50% relative room). moisture) is equilibrated for 48 hours. Tables 5 and 6 give several results. 01 82 1-P-0002 Smoke gas concentration Smoke gas suppressor Control Sb203 MKRS- compound HT NBS-fume chamber (ASTM E 662) flare mode D 90 (average) 56 31 20 D maximum (average) 350 260 208 Restrictive oxygen index 40 42 46 Recipe: PVC Oxyvinyl-240 (100 phr), lead-fumarate- 9 phr,TOTM-35 phr, Cl.- ESD (ATH) 29-phr, chalk (Ultracarb US) -29 phr, related flue gas suppressor -10 phr Formulation component as phr Control compound Compound with MKRS-hat Oxyvinyl 80 40 Uniplex FRP-45 20 20 Sanctiziser 2148 32 32 Stearic acid 1 1 Baropan MC 91108 KA 8 8 MKRS-Line 40 01 82 1-P-0002 Formulation component as phr Control compound Compound with MKRS-hat Separation time 38 :10 47:54 The invention further provides that the flame retardant according to the invention is used for heat storage. or related to its use as heat storage material.
Bir yapi konstrüksiyon malzemesinin isi depolama kapasitesi, genel olarak, özgül isiya C ve brüt yogunluga p orantili olan volümetrik isi kapasitesi S ile tarif edilmektedir: .92 (`i p rkaiiiîKi .m (Vih/iiiiKii. The heat storage capacity of a building construction material, in general, It is defined by the volumetric heat capacity S, which is proportional to the heat C and the gross density. are being: .92 (`i p rkaiiiîKi .m (Vih/iiiiKii.
O, yapi malzemesinin 1 m3“ünü, l Kelvin (= 1°C) kadar isitmak için gerekli olan isi miktarini vermektedir. tanimlanmistir: Piyasadan temin edilebilen kartonlu alçi levhalar ile bulusa uygun alevden koruyucu madde (MKRS-HT ve/veya MRZS-NT; ile üretilen, yüksek derecede dolgulu, bir polimer matris bazli levhalar arasinda yapilan karsilastirmali incelemeler, sasirtici bir sekilde, bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu madde (MKRS-HT ve/veya MRZS-NT;) ile üretilen levhalarin, masif uygulamada, ayni baslangiç sicakliginda, piyasadan temin edilebilen kartonlu alçi levhalara nazaran çok daha yavas sogudugunu ortaya koymustur. Sekil 10, örnek niteliginde, böyle 01 82 1-P-0002 bir levhanin, onun soguma esnasinda çekilen bir termal kamera görüntüsünü göstermektedir. It is required to heat 1 m3 of building material by 1 Kelvin (= 1°C). gives the amount of heat. has been defined: Commercially available cardboard gypsum boards and inventive flame preservative (MKRS-HT and/or MRZS-NT; Comparison between sheets filled, based on a polymer matrix Surprisingly, the investigations revealed that the flame retardant according to the invention Plates produced with (MKRS-HT and/or MRZS-NT;) at initial temperature, compared to commercially available cardboard gypsum boards. revealed that it cools much more slowly. Figure 10, exemplary, like this 01 82 1-P-0002 a thermal camera image of a plate taken during its cooling shows.
Sekil 11, örnek niteliginde, ölçümü yapilan iki test levhasinin ilgili soguma egrilerini göstermektedir. Bir test levhasi, tabaka kalinligi lOmm olan bir alçi levhadir (kare sembollü egriye bakiniz). Diger test levhasi, bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu madde (MKRS-HT ve/veya MRZS-NT ile üretilen, alçi ile agirlikça % 30 oraninda bulusa uygun olan bir alevden koruyucu maddeyi, tabaka kalinligi 10 mm olacak sekilde ihtiva eden bir test levhasidir (üçgen sembollü egriye bakiniz). Her iki levha, bir kurutma dolabinin içinde 3 saat 80°C`de depolanmistir. Ardindan, onlar, dikey bir sekilde sabitlenmistir ve onlarin isi radyasyonu bir termal görüntü kamerasi ile ölçülmüs ve kaydedilmistir. Burada 31 dakikalik sürede dakika basina 5 kamera görüntüsü kaydedilmistir. Yatay eksen bu nedenle 155 ölçüm noktasina M sahiptir. Sekil 11”de belirgin bir sekilde görüldügü gibi, bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu madde (MKRS-HT ve/veya MR28-NT ile üretilen levhalar, piyasadan temin edilebilen alçi levhalara nazaran daha yavas sogumaktadir. Benzeri, piyasadan temin edilebilen ile bulusa uygun alevden koruyucu maddeden (MKRS-HT ve/veya MRZS-NT; üretilen kartonlu alçi levhalar arasinda, bulusa uygun alevden koruyucu maddenin baska agirlikça yüzdeleri ile de gözlemlenmektedir. Figure 11 shows the relative cooling of the two test plates measured as an example. shows its curves. A test plate is a plasterboard with a layer thickness of 10mm. plate (see curve with square symbol). Other test plate according to the invention flame retardant (produced with MKRS-HT and/or MRZS-NT, with plaster A flame retardant according to the invention at a rate of 30% by weight, the layer It is a test plate (triangle symbol) containing 10 mm thick. see curve). Both plates were stored in a drying cabinet at 80°C for 3 hours. has been stored. Then they are fixed vertically and their work radiation was measured and recorded with a thermal image camera. here 31 5 camera images were recorded per minute in a minute period. Horizontal axis therefore it has 155 measuring points M. clearly in Figure 11. As can be seen, the flame retardant according to the invention (MKRS-HT and/or Boards produced with MR28-NT are better than commercially available gypsum boards. it cools more slowly. Similar to commercially available and inventive made of flame retardant material (MKRS-HT and/or MRZS-NT; with cardboard between the plasterboards, another weight of the flame retardant according to the invention observed in percentages.
Sekil 12, örnek niteliginde, ölçümü yapilan iki test levhasinin ilgili isinma egrilerini göstermektedir. Bir test levhasi, piyasadan temin edilebilen bir alçi levhadir (alevden koruyucu madde (MKRS-HT ve/veya MRZS-NT ile üretilen test levhasinin egrisine bakiniz (üçgen sembollü egriye bakiniz), 0, sertlesme esnasinda mikro-gözenekler olusturmustur. Burada, isi izolasyon özelliklerinin incelenmesi için, iki tane test levhasi dikey sekilde sabitleninistir ve onlarin ilgili arka tarafina, sicak hava tabancasi ile üfleme yapilmistir. Ardindan, her iki durumda, arka taraftaki sicaklik beher 95°C olmustur. Sicaklik, ilgili levhanin ön tarafinda bir termal görüntü kainerasi yardimiyla kaydedilmis ve saptanmistir. Figure 12 shows the relative heating of the two test plates measured as an example. shows its curves. A test plate is a commercially available plaster plate (manufactured with flame retardant (MKRS-HT and/or MRZS-NT) see curve of test plate (see curve with triangle symbol), 0, curing During the process, micro-pores are formed. Here, the thermal insulation properties For examination, two test plates are fixed vertically and their corresponding blown on the back with a hot air gun. Subsequently, both In this case, the temperature at the rear was 95 °C per each. The temperature is the front of the relevant plate. It was recorded and detected with the help of a thermal imaging camera.
Burada, dakika basina 5 görüntü seklinde olan bir ölçüm araligi ayarlanmistir. 01 82 1-P-0002 Yatay eksen burada 151 ölçüm noktasina M sahiptir. Bulusa göre olan alevden koruyucu madde (MKRS-HT ve/Veya MRZS-NT) ile üretilen test levhasinin, piyasadan temin edilebilen alçi levhaya nazaran, daha kuvvetli bir isi izolasyonu arz ettigi görülmektedir. A measurement range of 5 images per minute is set here. 01 82 1-P-0002 The horizontal axis here has 151 measuring points M. From the flame according to the invention the test plate produced with a preservative (MKRS-HT and/or MRZS-NT), stronger thermal insulation than commercially available plasterboard appears to be present.
Bulusa uygun olan madde sayesinde, ilk defa, bir polimer matrisinin içindeki bu isi depolama kapasitesinin, ayni zamanda toplam sistemin içindeki halojensiz alevden koruma garantisi altinda, kullanilmasina yönelik avantajli teknik olanak mevcut olmaktadir. Bu, özel olarak kompozit üretim alaninda önemli avantajlar saglamaktadir. Thanks to the substance according to the invention, for the first time this substance in a polymer matrix the heat storage capacity, as well as the halogen-free advantageous technical possibility to use it under fire protection guarantee is available. This is particularly important in the field of composite production. it provides.
Bu sistem, daha kolay bir üretim amaciyla bir polimer matrisinin içine entegre edildigi anda, toplam kompozitin bütünlügünün saglanmasi için, alevden koruma gereklidir. Bu, avantajli biçimde ve bulusa göre bir bulusa uygun alevden koruyucu madde (MKRS-HT ve/veya MRZS-NT ile elde edilebilmektedir. This system is integrated into a polymer matrix for easier production. flame protection is required to ensure the integrity of the total composite. is necessary. This is advantageously and according to the invention from an inventive flame. preservative (can be obtained with MKRS-HT and/or MRZS-NT.
Burada, polimer matrislerin kullanimi, avantajli biçimde, isi depolayan kompozit sistemlerin, özellikle sürekli isleme proseslerinde (örnegin köpürtmeli veya köpürtmesiz ekstrüzyonda) enerji bakimindan uygun bir üretimine olanak saglamaktadir. Here, the use of polymer matrices is advantageously made of heat-storing composites. systems, especially in continuous processing processes (e.g. foaming or in non-foaming extrusion) allows an energy-efficient production it provides.
Bulus, ayrica, bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu maddenin isi yalitimi için veya isi izolasyonu için veya 151 yalitici veya isi izole dici malzeme olarak kullanilmasi ile ilgilidir. The invention also provides for the thermal insulation of the flame retardant according to the invention. or for heat insulation or 151 as insulating or heat insulating material relates to its use.
Bir maddenin isi iletkenligi, isi iletkenlik katsayisi ?t (W/mK) ile belirlenmektedir. The thermal conductivity of a material is determined by the thermal conductivity coefficient ?t (W/mK).
Bu katsayi, W/in2 olarak ölçüldügünde, l Kelvin (: l°C)'lik bir sicaklik farkinda 1 metre kalinliga sahip bir duvarin içinden ne kadar isinin geçtigini vermektedir. This coefficient, measured in W/in2, at a temperature difference of 1 Kelvin (: 1°C) It gives how much heat passes through a 1 meter thick wall.
Genel olarak, bir duvar malzemesinin brüt yogunlugu, isil iletkenlik katsayisina, brüt yogunlugun artmasiyla (= daha kompakt malzeme) isi iletkenlik katsayisinin 01 82 1-P-0002 artmasi yönünden dahil olmaktadir. Bu, tersine sonuç çikarina yapildiginda, mümkün oldugunca hafif olan bir malzemenin, tercihen onun gözeneklerinin içerisinde, onlarin içinde ihtiva edilen gazin serbest yol uzunlugunun minimum oldugu bir vakumlaninis sistemin veya bir nano-hücreli, köpürtülmüs malzemenin, en düsük isi iletkenlik katsayisina ve böylece en iyi isi izolasyon davranisina sahip oldugu anlamina gelmektedir. In general, the gross density of a wall material depends on the thermal conductivity coefficient, The coefficient of thermal conductivity increases with the increase of gross density (= more compact material). 01 82 1-P-0002 is included in the increase. When this is done to the contrary, of a material that is as light as possible, preferably its pores. the minimum free path length of the gas contained in them. a vacuum system or a nano-cell, foamed material has the lowest thermal conductivity coefficient and thus the best thermal insulation. It means that he has the behavior.
Organik bilesen malzemeleri ile bünyelerine nem alabilen ve disari verebilen dogal yapi malzemelerinde, nem muhtevasi, yapi malzemesi içindeki nemin artmasiyla, isi yalitim etkisinin azaliyor olmasi bakimindan bir rol oynamaktadir. With its organic component materials, it can absorb and expel moisture into its body. In natural building materials, the moisture content is the moisture content of the building material. increases, it plays a role in decreasing the heat insulation effect.
Bulus, ayrica, bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu maddenin, ses yalitimi için veya sesten koruyucu olarak veya sesten koruyucu malzeme olarak kullanilmasi ile ilgilidir. The invention further provides that the flame retardant according to the invention is used for sound insulation. or to be used as a sound shielding material or as a sound shielding material It is related to.
Bir bilesen sisteminden digerine ses aktarimini gösteren strüktürel sesi azaltmak ve/veya önlemek için, kismen kapsamli konstrüktif tedbirler alinmak zorundadir. Reducing the structural noise indicating the transfer of sound from one component system to another and/or to prevent, partially comprehensive constructive measures have to be taken.
Böyle tedbirler, genelde, toplam sistemin birbirine göre adapte edilmesini gerektirmektedir. Bu baglamda, örnegin ayak sesi yalitimi oldukça önemli bir tedbirdir. Bu, genelde, konstrüktif bakimdan, zeminden asil tavan konstrüksiyonuna ayak sesi titresimlerinin, dekuplaj yoluyla azaltilmasi seklinde çözülmektedir. Bunun için, zemin ile tavanin arasina, yüksek bir iç yalitima sahip olan, örnegin mantar, lastik, lastikle baglanmis metal veya tas yünü gibi kuvvetli derecede yalitici malzemeler yerlestirilmektedir. Such measures generally require the adaptation of the total system to one another. requires. In this context, for example, footstep sound isolation is a very important issue. is a precaution. This is generally, from a structural point of view, a floor-to-ceiling to its construction by reducing the footstep vibrations by decoupling. is being resolved. For this, a high internal insulation is placed between the floor and the ceiling. strong material such as cork, rubber, rubber-bonded metal or rock wool. degree of insulating materials are placed.
Hava sesi yalitimi, genel olarak ifade edildiginde, özgül agirligi yüksek olan bilesenler veya sistemler ile gerçek]estirilebilmektedir. Air sound insulation, generally expressed, has a high specific gravity can be realized with components or systems.
Mevcut bulusun bazi avantajli bulusa uygun uygulama sekillerinde, bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu madde, bir yapi malzemesinin ve/veya bir tesis yapi malzemesinin içinde mevcut bulunabilmektedir. In some advantageous inventive embodiments of the present invention, the inventive A flame retardant is a building material and/or a building structure. may be present in the material.
Mevcut bulusun baska avantajli bulusa uygun uygulama sekillerinde, bulusa 01 82 1-P-0002 uygun olan alevden koruyucu madde bir matrisin içinde mevcut bulunabilmektedir. In other advantageous inventive embodiments of the present invention, the inventive 01 82 1-P-0002 suitable flame retardant present in a matrix can be found.
Diger avantajli bulusa uygun uygulama sekillerinde, matris, özellikle bir terrnoplastik veya bir duromer matris, özellikler bir polimer matrisi olabilmektedir. In other advantageous embodiments of the invention, the matrix is particularly thermoplastic or a duromer matrix, properties a polymer matrix can happen.
Belirli avantajli bulusa uygun uygulama sekillerinde, bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu madde bir kompozitin içinde mevcut bulunabilmektedir. In certain advantageous inventive embodiments, the inventive flame the preservative may be present in a composite.
Bazi avantajli bulusa uygun uygulama sekillerinde, kompozit, bir matrisi ve opsiyonel olarak yardimci maddeleri ve/veya katkilari içerebilmektedir. In some advantageous embodiments of the invention, the composite may contain a matrix and It may optionally contain excipients and/or additives.
Diger avantajli bulusa uygun uygulama sekillerinde, kompozit, masif ve/veya köpürtülmüs olabilmektedir. Böyle bir kompozit, özellikle bir köpürtülmüs çekirdege ve/veya bir kapali yüzeye sahip olabilmektedir. In other advantageous application forms according to the invention, composite, solid and/or may be foamy. Such a composite, especially a foamed it may have a core and/or a closed surface.
Bazi avantajli bulusa uygun uygulama sekillerinde, kompozit özellikle 15 ila 800 kg/m3 olan bir özgül agirliga sahip olabilmektedir. In some advantageous embodiments of the invention, the composite is particularly suitable for 15 to 800 It can have a specific gravity of kg/m3.
Daha da avantajli olan bulusa uygun uygulama sekillerinde, bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu madde bir köpügün içinde mevcut bulunabilmektedir. Even more advantageously, in inventive application forms, inventive The flame retardant may be present in a foam.
Mevcut bulusun baska avantajli bulusa uygun uygulama sekillerinde, köpük, termoplastik olan ve/veya bir termoplastik elastomer (TPE) ile modifiye edilmis, çapraz baglanmis bir malzemeye sahip olabilmektedir. Özellikle, bulusa uygun bilesigi içeren malzemenin çok hizli isitilabiliyor olmasi ve kendisinin enerjisini çok daha uzun bir süreye yayili olarak disari veriyor olmasi, enteresandir. ilaveten, bulusa uygun olan malzemenin, ince dagiliinli ve homojen oldugu için çok avantajli olan bir gözenek yapisina sahip oldugu, çok 01 82 1-P-0002 kayda degerdir. Bunun nedeni, kuvvetli çekirdeklendirici madde olarak etki eden, nano-ölçekli, bulusa uygun bilesik oraninin yüksek olmasidir. Uygun proses yürütme yoluyla, gözenek yapisi daha da önemli ölçüde iyilestirilebilmektedir. In other advantageous inventive embodiments of the present invention, foam, thermoplastic and/or modified with a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), may have a cross-linked material. In particular, the material containing the compound according to the invention can be heated very quickly. and gives out his own energy over a much longer period of time. it is interesting to have. In addition, the material according to the invention is finely dispersed and It has a very advantageous pore structure because it is homogeneous, 01 82 1-P-0002 is notable. This is because, acting as a strong nucleating agent, nano-scale, high ratio of compounds according to the invention. Appropriate process By conducting, the pore structure can be improved even more significantly.
Belirli avantajli bulusa uygun uygulama sekillerinde, köpük, özellikle polietilen (PE), polipropilen (PP), polistiren, özellikle mesela ekstrüde polistiren sert köpük (X-PS), termoplastik elastomer (TPE) ve/veya onlarin karisimlarindan olusan gruptan seçilen bir malzeineye sahip olabilmektedir. In certain advantageous embodiments of the invention, the foam, especially polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene, especially extruded polystyrene rigid foam (X-PS), thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) and/or their mixtures may have a material selected from the group.
Bazi avantajli bulusa uygun uygulama sekillerinde, bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu madde, bir poliüretan içeren veya ondan olusan bir köpügün içinde inevcut bulunabilmektedir. In some advantageous inventive embodiments, the inventive flame preservative, in a foam containing or composed of a polyurethane available available.
Diger avantajli bulusa uygun uygulama sekillerinde, köpük, kapali hücreli ve/veya açik hücreli olabilmektedir. In other advantageous embodiments of the invention, foam, closed-cell and/or It can be open cell.
Belirli avantajli bulusa uygun uygulama sekillerinde, köpük özellikle 15 ila 800 kg/m3 olan bir özgül agirliga sahip olabilmektedir. In certain advantageous embodiments of the invention, the foam is particularly suitable for 15 to 800 It can have a specific gravity of kg/m3.
Bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu maddenin daha yukarida tartisilan alev geciktirici veya alevden koruyucu özellikleri, avantajli biçimde, pozitif çoklu etkiler elde etmek için, bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu maddenin isi depolayici, isi yalitici, isi izole edici ve/veya ses yalitici ve/veya sesten koruyucu özellikleri ile, hedefli ve kontrollü bir sekilde kombine edilebilmektedir. The above-discussed flame retardant of the flame retardant according to the invention its retardant or flame retardant properties advantageously heat of the flame retardant according to the invention to obtain effects storage, heat insulator, heat insulator and/or sound insulator and/or sound shielding It can be combined with its features in a targeted and controlled manner.
Su anda, piyasada agirlikli olarak, teknik açidan incelendiginde yetersiz bir alevden korumaya sahip olan veya olmayan ya da, aleve dayaniklilarsa, sorunlu organo-halojen alevden koruyucu maddeler ve/veya ayni sekilde toksik, karsinojen ve/veya mutaj en olarak kaydedilmis olan ve düzenleyicilerin siki takibi altinda bulunan sinerjist antimontrioksit ile donatilmis olan (hem iç yapida hem 01 82 1-P-0002 dis yapida olmak üzere yapida kullanilmak üzere öngörülen) izolasyon malzemeleri bulunmaktadir. Çevre dostu halojensiz alevden koruyucu madde magnezyumhidroksit ile donatimin örnegin arz ettigi avantaj, yükleme derecesinin yüksek olmasidir, söz konusu bu yüksek yükleme derecesi, örnegin DIN /ISO 4lO2-B (Bölüm 1 veya 2)°ye uygun bir temel alevden koruma elde etmek için gereklidir. Ayrica, böyle bir donatim yogun maliyetlidir. Currently, the market is predominantly, technically speaking, an unsatisfactory with or without flame protection or, if they are flame resistant, problematic organo-halogen flame retardants and/or likewise toxic, strict monitoring of regulators and those registered as carcinogens and/or mutagens Equipped with synergist antimontrioxide under it (both in the internal structure and 01 82 1-P-0002 Insulation, which is intended to be used in the building, but not in the exterior materials are available. Environmentally friendly halogen-free flame retardant with magnesium hydroxide The advantage of the equipment, for example, is the high degree of loading, the promise is The subject is this high degree of loading, for example DIN /ISO 4lO2-B (Part 1 or A basic flame protection conforming to 2) is required to obtain flame protection. Also, like this equipment is costly.
Bunun için, bilesik reçetesinin fonnülasyonu, MDH“nin tane dagilimindan dolayi, sorunlara yol açmaktadir: Izolasyon köpüklerinde, hapsedilen gazlarin hareket edebilirligini mümkün oldugunca az tutulmasi için, mümkün oldugunca küçük olan bir gözenek büyüklügü idealdir. Bunun hedefi, izolasyon etkisini maksimize etmektir. Mümkün oldugunca küçük gözeneklerin elde edilmesi için, bizzat kendisi mümkün oldugunca küçük olan, tercihen nano-ölçekli aralikta mevcut bulunan bir çekirdeklendirici gereklidir. For this, the formulation of the compound recipe, due to the grain distribution of MDH, causes problems: In insulating foams, the movement of the trapped gases as small as possible, to keep the A pore size is ideal. The goal of this is to maximize the isolation effect. is to do. In order to obtain as small pores as possible, itself as small as possible, preferably present in the nano-scale range A nucleator is required.
Bulusa uygun olan malzeme, tane dagilim egrisinde 1,2 mikrometre araliginda bir ikinci dorugu bulunan, 600 nm araliginda olan çok yüksek bir tane oranina sahiptir. Bu, avantajli biçimde, bulusa uygun alevden koruyucu ile köpürtme prosesinde, uygun sekilde çok sayida nano-ölçekli gözeneklerin olusmasini saglamaktadir. The material according to the invention has a grain distribution curve in the range of 1.2 micrometers. has a very high grain ratio in the 600 nm range with a second peak has. This advantageously allows foaming with the flame retardant according to the invention. In the process, a suitably large number of nano-sized pores are formed. it provides.
Nano-ölçekli MDH su anda gelistirilme asamasindadir ve bu nedenle konvansiyonel MDHSden daha pahalidir. Bundan dolayi, yüksek fiyattan dolayi seri sistemlerde bir kullanim su anda avantajli degildir. Buna bir de, nano-ölçekli MDH'nin, kendisinin üretim prosesinden dolayi, çok düsü bir yigin yogunluga ve çok yüksek bir yüzey enerjisine sahip olmasi, eklenmektedir. Bu, bilesik haline getirmede ("wetting-out") ve özellikle bilesenlerin sekillendirilmesinde sorunlara yol açmaktadir. Nano-scale MDH is currently under development and therefore It is more expensive than conventional MDHS. Hence, due to the high price A use in serial systems is not advantageous at the moment. Also, nanoscale Due to MDH's own production process, it has a very low heap density and It is added that it has a very high surface energy. This becomes a compound problems with fetching ("wetting-out") and especially shaping the components. it leads.
Bulusa uygun ola alevden koruyucu madde (MKRS-HT ve/veya MRZS-NT; buna karin yüksek bir dökme agirligina ve düsük bir yüzey enerjisine sahiptir. Böylece, 01 82 1-P-0002 avantajli biçimde, bilesik haline getirmede ve/veya sekillendirmede, Özellikle örnegin özellikle bilesenlerin ekstrüde edilmesinde MDH ile ortaya çikan sorunlar önlenebilmektedir ve/veya engellenebilmektedir. Ayrica, avantajli biçimde, bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu maddenin yüzey enerjisi, daha yukarida tarif edilen yüzey modifikasyonu ile daha da iyilestirilebilmektedir ve/veya olumlu etkilenebilmektedir. Flame retardant according to the invention (MKRS-HT and/or MRZS-NT; The snow has a high bulk weight and a low surface energy. Like this, 01 82 1-P-0002 advantageously, in compounding and/or shaping, especially eg problems with MDH especially when extruding components can be prevented and/or prevented. Also, advantageously, The surface energy of the flame retardant according to the invention is defined above. can be further improved and/or positively can be affected.
Modifiye edilinis olmasa dahi, bulusa uygun alevden koruyucu madde (MKRS- HT ve/veya MRZS-NT, nano-ölçekli MDH,ye kiyasla, örnegin çok kolay bir sekilde ve yüksek is yapma kapasitesi ile, yani maliyet bakimindan çok verimli bir sekilde, bir polimer matrisinin içine islenebilmektedir. Flame retardant according to the invention, even if not modified (MKRS- HT and/or MRZS-NT, compared to nano-scale MDH, for example a very easy very efficient in shape and with a high working capacity, that is, in terms of cost. Thus, it can be embedded into a polymer matrix.
Bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu maddenin (MKRS-HT ve/veya MRZS-NT fiyati ile baglantili olarak, bu sayede, bir yandan teknik avantajlar, diger yandan konvansiyonel halojensiz alevden koruyucu maddelerin, mesela MDH, özellikle nano-ölçekli MDH°nin fiyatinin engelleyici oldugu, isleme dostu uygulama alanlari kazanilabilmektedir. The flame retardant according to the invention (MKRS-HT and/or MRZS-NT) in relation to its price, thus, technical advantages on the one hand, and on the other conventional halogen-free flame retardants, eg MDH, especially Process-friendly application where the price of nano-scale MDH° is prohibitive areas can be acquired.
Tek basina bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu madde (MKRS-HT ve/veya MRZS-NT; halojensiz alevden korunan ve üstelik izolasyon etkisine ve/veya isi depolama etkisine ve/veya sesten koruma etkisine ve/veya elektromanyetik alanlari kalkanlama etkisine sahip olan bilesiklerin üretilmesine izin vermektedir. ÖRNEKLER Deney numunelerinin üretilmesi: Asagida, bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu maddenin avantajli biçimde isi yalitimi, isi izolasyonu, ses yalitimi, ses izolasyonu ve/veya isi depolamasi ve/veya elektromanyetik kalkanlama içi kullanimi için deney numunesi üretiminin temel prosesi (granül gösterimi) aynidir. 01 82 1-P-0002 Bir bilesik hazirlama makinesi (iki ELTSI (giris hunisi) ve üçlü degazifikasyonu bulunan BUSS-ortak eksenli yogurucu MDK 46 -11 D/ GS 46) vasitasiyla, bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu madde (MKRS-HT ve/veya MRZS-NT) ile bir polimer (EVA; Escorene Ultra UL 00119, ExxonMobillden) l35°C°lik bir sicaklikta homojen bir sekilde karistirilmaktadir ve ardindan granüller haline getirilmektedir. Granüller, homojenlik ve hava cepleri açisindan test edilmektedir. Flame retardant according to the invention alone (MKRS-HT and/or MRZS-NT; Halogen-free, protected from flame and moreover, against insulation effect and/or heat storage effect and/or sound shielding effect and/or electromagnetic allows the production of compounds whose domains have a shielding effect. EXAMPLES Production of test samples: In the following, the flame retardant according to the invention can be advantageously heated. insulation, heat insulation, sound insulation, sound insulation and/or heat storage and/or production of test specimens for use in electromagnetic shielding. the basic process (granule display) is the same. 01 82 1-P-0002 A compound preparation machine (two ELTSI (inlet hoppers) and triple degasification through the BUSS-coaxial kneader MDK 46 -11 D/ GS 46) with an appropriate flame retardant (MKRS-HT and/or MRZS-NT). polymer (EVA; Escorene Ultra UL 00119, from ExxonMobill) It is mixed homogeneously at the temperature and then turned into granules. is brought. Granules are tested for homogeneity and air pockets.
Granüller, ardindan, isitilabilen ve sogutulabilen bir çift panel preste, yüksek derecede parlak olacak sekilde parlatilmis matrislerin içinde, ölçüleri 200 x 200 x levhalar, basinç altinda, matrisin içinde sogutulmaktadir. The granules are then processed in a double-panel press, which can be heated and cooled. Inside the matrices polished to a high gloss, the dimensions are 200 x 200 x The plates are cooled in the matrix under pressure.
Sonuçta elde edilen levhalar, 2 gün normal iklimde (23°C, %50 bagil oda neminde) dengelenmektedir ve ardindan test edilmektedir. The resulting plates were stored in normal climate (23°C, 50% relative room) for 2 days. humidity) is equilibrated and then tested.
Yangin testi, levhalardan 150 mm x 12,7 mm x numune kalinligi ölçüsünde kesilen deney numunelerinde, UL 94 dikey,e göre yapilmistir. Fire test, 150 mm x 12.7 mm x sample thickness from the plates It was made according to UL 94 vertical in the cut test specimens.
Karsilastirma olarak, polimerden ve agirlikça %55 ve agirlikça %65 magnezyumhidroksitten (Magnifin H 5; Veitscher Magnesitwerke, Avusturya`dan) olusan deney numuneleri islev görmektedir. By comparison, polymer and 55% by weight and 65% by weight from magnesium hydroxide (Magnifin H 5; Veitscher Magnesitwerke, Test samples from Austria) are functioning.
Karsilastirma deney numuneleri ile agirlikça %55 ve agirlikça % 65 bulusa uygun alevden koruyucu madde (MKRS-HT ve/veya MRZS-NT) içeren deney numuneleri, 3,2 mm olan deney numunesi kalinliginda, UL 94 V-09a göre bir siniflandirma sonucunu vermektedir. Comparison with test samples 55% by weight and 65% by weight in accordance with the invention test involving flame retardant (MKRS-HT and/or MRZS-NT) specimens, with a test specimen thickness of 3.2 mm, according to UL 94 V-09. gives the classification result.
Böylece, bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu madde (MKRS-HT ve/Veya MRZS- NT) ile üretilen bilesigin mükemmel aleve dayanikliligi ispat edilmis olmaktadir. 01 82 1-P-0002 Bulus, ayrica, bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu maddenin, elektromanyetik isinimin zayiflatilmasi veya kalkanlanmasi için kullanilmasi ile ilgilidir. parçacik- ve elektromanyetik isinim arasinda ayrim yapilir. Birinci olarak belirtilen, bir kütleye sahip olan ve isiktan daha yavas yayilan yüklü veya yüksüz parçaciklardan olusmaktadir. Foton isinimi da denilen, son olarak belirtilen, periyodik olarak degisen bir elektriksel ve manyetik alandan olusmaktadir. Ona, görünebilen isigin, ultraviyole isinlarin ve isi isiniminin yani sira, röntgen-, yükseklik- ve gamma isinimi da dahildir. Elektromanyetik isinim, dalga boyu, frekans ve amplitüd ile karakterize edilmektedir ve onun yayilma hizi, vakumda takriben isik hizi kadardir. Thus, the flame retardant according to the invention (MKRS-HT and/or MRZS- The excellent flame resistance of the compound produced with NT) has been proven. 01 82 1-P-0002 The invention also includes the use of the flameproofing agent according to the invention, electromagnetic It is related to the use of radiation for attenuation or shielding. A distinction is made between particle- and electromagnetic radiation. Firstly charged or uncharged, which has a mass and propagates slower than light consists of particles. The last mentioned, also called the photon name, It consists of a periodically changing electric and magnetic field. Him, Besides visible light, ultraviolet rays and heat radiation, x-ray-, altitude- and gamma-name are also included. electromagnetic name, wavelength, It is characterized by frequency and amplitude, and its propagation speed is approximately the speed of light.
Foton isinimi, cisme çarptiginda, söz konusu bu isinim, emilim veya saçilma yoluyla, zayiflatilmaktadir. Üstel bir kanunsalligi takip eden isinim zayitlamasi, isinimin teorik olarak sonsuz olan bir menziline olanak saglamaktadir. Zayiflama derecesi genel olarak Cisim yogunluguna, çarpilan atomlarin atom sayisina ve içinden geçilen malzeme tabakasi kalinligina baglidir. When photon radiation hits an object, this radiation is absorbed or scattered. thereby weakened. The radial attenuation following an exponential legality, It allows a theoretically infinite range of radiation. Weakening degree generally depends on the density of the object, the atomic number of the atoms multiplied, and the depends on the thickness of the material layer passed through.
Bu baglamda, bulusa göre, bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu maddenin (MKRS-HT ve/veyaMRZS-NT; yani MS-tiplerinin), elektromanyetik isinim üzerinde, özellikle elektronik pus üzerinde, zayiflatici ve/veya kalkanlayici bir etkiye sahip oldugu tespit edilmistir. hayvanlar, bitkiler, diger canlilar ve münferit hücreler üzerinde bir ihtimal sagliga zarar verici etkilere sahip olan elektromanyetik alanlarin, örnegin mobil radyo isiniminin ve/veya örnegin yüksek gerilim hatlarinin vs. düsük frekansli manyetik alanlarin bir asiri "konsantrasyonu" anlasilir. 01 82 1-P-0002 Bulusa göre olan kullanimin avantajli olan belirli uygulama sekillerinde, elektromanyetik isinimda özellikle düsük frekansli, elektriksel ve/veya manyetik alanlar söz konusudur. In this context, according to the invention, the flame retardant material according to the invention (MKRS-HT and/or MRZS-NT; ie MS-types), electromagnetic name attenuating and/or shielding, especially on electronic haze. has been found to have an effect. possible health on animals, plants, other living things and individual cells electromagnetic fields that have damaging effects, e.g. mobile radio radiation and/or eg high voltage lines etc. low frequency magnetic an excessive "concentration" of fields is understood. 01 82 1-P-0002 In certain embodiments where the use according to the invention is advantageous, electromagnetic radiation, especially low-frequency, electrical and/or magnetic fields exist.
Bulusa göre olan kullanimin, avantajli olan diger belirli uygulama sekillerinde, elektromanyetik isinimda özellikle mobil radyo isinimi söz konusudur. Where the use according to the invention is advantageous in certain other forms of application, In electromagnetic radiation, especially mobile radio radiation is in question.
Bulusun bazi avantajli uygulama sekillerinde, bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu madde, EMP (Ingilizcesi: electro-magnetic protection) uygulamalari için kullanilmaktadir. In some advantageous embodiments of the invention, the inventive flame protective agent, EMP (English: electro-magnetic protection) applications is used for.
Bulusun baska avantajli uygulama sekillerinde, bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu inadde (MKRS-HT ve/veya MRZS-NT; 1 Hz ile 10 GHZ arasinda olan elektromanyetik isinimin zayiflatilmasi veya kalkanlanmasi için kullanilmaktadir. In other advantageous embodiments of the invention, the inventive flame protective substance (MKRS-HT and/or MRZS-NT; between 1 Hz and 10 GHZ It is used for attenuating or shielding electromagnetic radiation.
Bulusun belirli avantajli uygulaina sekillerinde, bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu madde (MKRS-HT ve/veya MRZS-NT; bir veya daha fazla polimer ile karistirilmaktadir. Bu sayede, onlar, istenen her sekle sokulabilmektedir ve/veya kimyasal ve/veya fiziksel olarak köpürtülebilmektedir. Bu sayede ayrica istenilen biçimde sekillendirilmis, kalkanlanmis odalarin veya da hassas olan elektronik ve/veya elektrik cihazlarin ambalajlarinin üretilmesine avantajli biçimde olanak saglanmis olabilmektedir. In certain advantageous embodiments of the invention, the inventive flame preservative (MKRS-HT and/or MRZS-NT; with one or more polymers) are mixed. In this way, they can be inserted into any desired shape and/or It can be foamed chemically and/or physically. In this way, the desired shaped, shielded rooms or sensitive electronic advantageously enabling the production of packaging for electrical and/or electrical devices. may be provided.
Bulusun diger avantajli uygulama sekillerinde, bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu maddenin (MKRS-HT ve/veya MRZS-NT en az bir tanesi ile degisen yüzde oranlarinda karistirilmis olan bir veya daha fazla polimer, özellikle bir iletkenin içinde oldugu gibi, bir elektrik akiminin iletilmesine olanak saglayan bir iletkenlige sahip olabilmektedir. Bu sayede, örnegin bir Faraday kafesi olusturulabilmektedir. 01 82 1-P-0002 Bulusun daha da avantajli uygulama sekillerinde, bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu maddenin (MKRS-HT ve/veya MRZS-NT;) en az bir tanesi ile degisen yüzde oranlarinda karistirilmis olan bir veya daha fazla polimer, film olarak tesekkül edilmis olabilmektedir. Bu sayede, örnegin kalkanlanacak olan bir oda kaplanabilmektedir veya etrafi sarilabilmektedir ve bu sekilde bir F araday kafesi olusturulabilmektedir. Hafif ve uygun fiyatla olusan bu Faraday kafesi, burada odanin iç kismini avantajli biçimde elektromanyetik darbelere karsi korumaktadir ve bu sekilde odanin için kisminin ve icabinda orada bulunan elektrik ve/veya elektronigin içine kuplaji önlenmektedir. Bu sayede, avantajli biçimde, odanin içinde bulunan kisiler de elektronik pus denilen pustan korunabilmektedir. In other advantageous embodiments of the invention, the inventive flame alternating with at least one of the preservative (MKRS-HT and/or MRZS-NT) one or more polymers mixed in percentages, especially a a device that allows an electric current to be transmitted, such as inside a conductor. can have conductivity. Thus, for example, a Faraday cage can be created. 01 82 1-P-0002 In even more advantageous embodiments of the invention, the inventive flame alternating with at least one of the preservative (MKRS-HT and/or MRZS-NT;) one or more polymers mixed in percentages as a film may be acknowledged. In this way, for example, a room to be shielded it can be covered or wrapped around and in this way an F-aray cage can be created. Lightweight and affordable, this Faraday cage is here. advantageously protects the interior of the room against electromagnetic impulses and in this way, the part for the room and, if necessary, the electricity and/or The coupling into the electronics is prevented. In this way, advantageously The people inside can also be protected from the so-called electronic haze.
Faraday kafesi avantajli biçimde zikredilen film seklinde, görünmez biçimde "siva altina” da monte edilebilmektedir. The Faraday cage is the advantageously mentioned film in the form of invisibly "plaster It can also be mounted underneath.
Bulusun baska belirli avantajli uygulama sekillerinde, iletken olan (özellikle endüstriyel tipte) bir zemin kaplamasinin üretilmesi için, örnegin bir elastomer ile modifiye edilmis poliüretanin, polimer olarak kullanilmasi da öngörülmüs olabilmektedir. Böyle bir kaplama, avantajli biçimde, insan vücudunda olusan bir yükü disari iletebilinektedir ve bu sekilde elektronik bilesenler için zararsiz hale getirebilmektedir. Böyle bir kaplama, avantajli biçimde, özellikle endüstri alaninda, statik yüklenmeden kaynakli (digerlerinin yani sira toz-) patlamalari riskinin önlenmesi için iletken zeminlerin zorunlu kilindigi birçok alanda da kullanilabilmektedir. In other particular advantageous embodiments of the invention, the conductive (especially for the production of a floor covering (industrial type), for example with an elastomer The use of modified polyurethane as a polymer is also envisaged. can happen. Such a coating is advantageously formed in the human body. can transmit the load outward and in this way render it harmless to electronic components. can bring. Such a coating is advantageously particularly useful in industry. explosions caused by static charge (among others dust-) In many areas where conductive floors are required to prevent the risk of can be used.
Bulusun daha baska avantajli uygulama sekillerinde, bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu madde, bir bilesenin, özellikle bir elektrikli ve/veya bir elektronik bilesenin ve/veya bir devrenin içinde kullanilmaktadir. In other advantageous embodiments of the invention, the inventive flame preservative is a component, in particular an electrical and/or an electronic used inside a component and/or a circuit.
Bulusun diger avantajli uygulama sekillerinde, bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu madde, bir bilesenin, özellikle elektromanyetik isinimin azaltilmasi 01 82 1-P-0002 ve/veya kalkanlanmasi için uygun olan ve/veya öngörülmüs olan bir bilesenin üretilmesi için kullanilmaktadir. In other advantageous embodiments of the invention, the inventive flame shielding agent, the reduction of a component, especially electromagnetic radiation 01 82 1-P-0002 and/or a component suitable and/or intended for shielding used for production.
Bulusun daha da avantajli olan uygulama sekillerinde, bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu madde, bir termoplastik, duromer ve/veya elastomer malzeme ile birlikte kullanilmaktadir. Burada, avantajli biçimde, alevden koruyucu maddenin oraninin, bilesene göre, agirlikça % 50 ila 98 olmasi öngörülmüs olabilmektedir. In even more advantageous embodiments of the invention, the inventive flame preservative, with a thermoplastic, duromer and/or elastomer material are used together. Here, advantageously, the flame retardant it can be envisaged that the ratio is 50 to 98% by weight, depending on the component.
Bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu maddenin daha yukarida tartisilan alev geciktirici veya alevden koruyucu özellikleri, avantajli biçimde, pozitif çoklu etkiler elde etmek için, bulusa uygun olan alevden koruyucu maddenin isi depolayici, isi yalitici, isi izole edici ve/veya ses yalitici ve/veya sesten koruyucu ve/veya isinim zayiIlatici ve/veya isinim kalkanlayici özellikleri ile, hedefli ve kontrollü bir sekilde kombine edilebilmektedir.The above-discussed flame retardant of the flame retardant according to the invention its retardant or flame retardant properties advantageously heat of the flame retardant according to the invention to obtain effects storage, heat insulator, heat insulator and/or sound insulator and/or sound shielding and/or radiant and/or radiant shielding properties, targeted and can be combined in a controlled manner.
Claims (14)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| DE102013001520.0A DE102013001520B4 (en) | 2013-01-22 | 2013-01-22 | Novel inorganic, halogen-free flame retardant based on chemically modified recarbonized red mud, its production and use as well as a fire-protected material system |
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| TR201808882T4 true TR201808882T4 (en) | 2018-07-23 |
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| EP (2) | EP2948503B8 (en) |
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