SK4822001A3 - Process and device for controlled quenching of light metal castings in a liquid bath - Google Patents
Process and device for controlled quenching of light metal castings in a liquid bath Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- SK4822001A3 SK4822001A3 SK482-2001A SK4822001A SK4822001A3 SK 4822001 A3 SK4822001 A3 SK 4822001A3 SK 4822001 A SK4822001 A SK 4822001A SK 4822001 A3 SK4822001 A3 SK 4822001A3
- Authority
- SK
- Slovakia
- Prior art keywords
- liquid bath
- castings
- gas
- cover
- liquid
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 238000005058 metal casting Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 title 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 title 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006262 metallic foam Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- -1 ferrous metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/63—Quenching devices for bath quenching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/63—Quenching devices for bath quenching
- C21D1/64—Quenching devices for bath quenching with circulating liquids
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Description
Spôsob riadeného ochladzovania odliatkov z lahkých kovov v kvapalinovom kúpeli a zariadenie na uskutočňovanie tohto spôsobuProcess for controlled cooling of light metal castings in a liquid bath and apparatus for carrying out the process
Oblasť technikyTechnical field
Vynález sa týka riadeného ochladzovania odliatkov z lahkých kovov v kvapalinovom kúpeli a zariadenia na uskutočňovanie tohto spôsobu.The invention relates to the controlled cooling of light metal castings in a liquid bath and to an apparatus for carrying out this method.
Doterajší stav technikyBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Ochladzovanie odliatkov v kvapalinovom kúpeli je známou súčasťou tepelného spracovania ako železných kovov, tak tiež neželezných kovov. Za tým účelom je známe ako ponáranie odliatkov do vodného kúpela alebo olejového kúpela, tak tiež ako alternatívna oplachovania pod vodnou sprchou. Vedľa toho sa tiež používa ochladzovanie odliatkov v prúde vzduchu.The cooling of castings in the liquid bath is a known part of the heat treatment of both ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals. For this purpose, it is known both as immersion of castings in a water bath or oil bath, as well as an alternative rinsing under a water shower. In addition, cooling of the castings in the air stream is also used.
V súlade s rozdielnymi prestupmi tepla v kvapalnom alebo plynnom, médiu, volnou konvekciou alebo vynúteným prúdením, a v závislosti na tepelnej kapacite chladiaceho média a tepelnej vodivosti kovov môžu byť dosiahnuté rôzne ochladzovacie rýchlosti, za účelom vytvorenia určitých štruktúr v rôznych hrúbkach vrstvy odliatku.In accordance with the different heat transfers in the liquid or gaseous medium, free convection or forced convection, and depending on the heat capacity of the coolant and the thermal conductivity of the metals, different cooling rates can be achieved to form certain structures at different thicknesses of the casting layer.
Z JP 62-202019 A je známe zariadenie, ktoré obsahuje nádrž s kvapalinou, do ktorej sú cez okraj zavedené plynové potrubia, slúžiace na napájanie slučkových horizontálne ležiacich potrubí vyfukujúcich plyn. Súčasti určené na vytvrdzovanie sú prostredníctvom nosného zariadenia do kvapalinovej nádrže, keď už plyn z potrubia k výfuku plynu vystupuje.JP 62-202019 A discloses a device which comprises a liquid tank into which a gas conduit is introduced over the rim for feeding the horizontal gas outlet loops lying horizontally. The components to be cured are via the support device into the liquid tank when the gas is already leaving the gas exhaust pipe.
Z SU 1 574 648 Al je známe zariadenie, ktoré obsahuje kvapalinovú nádrž, do bočníc ktorej ústi potrubie tlakového plynu, na ktoré je vo vnútri nádrže napojený injektor na vytvorenie chladiaceho prúdu obohateného plynovými bublinami.From SU 1 574 648 A1 a device is known which comprises a liquid tank, into the sides of which a pressurized gas pipe is connected, to which an injector is connected inside the tank to form a cooling stream enriched with gas bubbles.
Podstata vynálezuSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Predkladaný vynález si kladie za ciel vylepšiť spôsob a zariadenie na jeho uskutočňovanie takým spôsobom, aby mohol byť chladiaci postup lepšie zriadený.The present invention aims to improve the method and apparatus for carrying it out in such a way that the cooling process can be better established.
Riešenie tejto úlohy predstavuje spôsob, pri ktorom sa na odliatky v kvapalinovom kúpeli pôsobí aspoň občas odspodu stúpajúcim prúdom plynových bublín, ktorého podstata spočíva v tom, že plynové bubliny prúdu plynových bublín vznikajú in situ pri dne kvapalinového kúpela.The solution to this problem is to treat the liquid bath castings at least occasionally from the bottom with a rising gas bubble stream, which is based on the fact that the gas bubbles of the gas bubble stream are formed in situ at the bottom of the liquid bath.
Riešenie zmienenej úlohy predstavuje ďalej zariadenie obsahujúce nádrž naplnenú kvapalinou, ktorá je opatrená najmenej jedným prívodom a odvodom na kvapalinu a zároveň na dne nádrže generátorom plynových bublín, ktorého podstata spočíva v tom, že generátor plynových bublín zahŕňa najmenej jednu komoru s prívodom vzduchu pri dne nádrže s krytom s radom výstupných otvorov na plyn. Plynové bubliny pritom vznikajú in situ pri dne kvapalinového kúpela, výhodne rovnomerne rozdelene.The solution further comprises a liquid filled tank having at least one liquid inlet and outlet and a gas bubble generator at the bottom of the tank, the gas bubble generator comprising at least one air chamber at the bottom of the tank. with a cover with a number of gas outlet openings. The gas bubbles are formed in situ at the bottom of the liquid bath, preferably evenly distributed.
Odliatky môžu byť výhodne usporiadané v odstupe nad zónou vzniku plynových bublín. Kvapalinový kúpel môže byť pritom vodný kúpeľ a prúd plynových bublín môže byť tvorený vzduchovými bublinami.The castings may preferably be spaced above the gas bubble zone. The liquid bath may be a water bath, and the gas bubble stream may consist of air bubbles.
Zatiaľ čo ponorením odliatkov do kvapalinového kúpeľa po predchádzajúcom vyhriatí odliatkov na určitú výstupnú teplotu vedie k známym ochladzovacím krivkám, môže byť prídavkom prúdu plynových bublín pódia vynálezu výrazne zredukovaná alebo zosilnená rýchlosť ochladzovania. Nastavením a reguláciou prúdu plynových bublín môže byť zaistené najmä to, že nie sú skoro prekročené určité teploty premeny na štruktúry. Prúd plynových bublín nemusí fungovať počas celého ochladzovacieho procesu; často môže byť odstavený už pred konečným vybraním odliatkov z kvapalinového kúpela.While immersing the castings in the liquid bath after previously heating the castings to a certain outlet temperature leads to known cooling curves, the addition of a gas bubble stream according to the invention can greatly reduce or increase the cooling rate. In particular, by adjusting and regulating the flow of gas bubbles, it can be ensured that certain transformation temperatures into structures are not nearly exceeded. The gas bubble stream may not function throughout the cooling process; it can often be weaned even before final castings are removed from the liquid bath.
Generátor plynových bublín podľa vynálezu môže zahŕňať najmenej jednu komoru s prívodom vzduchu pri dne nádrže, ktorá je zatvorená krytom s radom otvorom na výstup plynu. Kryt môže pritom pozostávať z pórovitej dosky, ktorá pri pretlaku v komore s prívodom vzduchu dovolí prúdu plynových bublín vystupovať rovnomerne rozdelene smerom hore. Pórovitá doska môže pozostávať napríklad z otvoreného kovového penového materiálu, pórovitej keramiky alebo spekaného materiálu. Iná možnosť spočíva vo využití drôteného pletiva na zakrytie komory s prívodom vzduchu.The gas bubble generator according to the invention may comprise at least one chamber with an air supply at the bottom of the tank, which is closed by a cover with a row of gas outlet openings. In this case, the cover may consist of a porous plate which, when overpressure in the air supply chamber, allows the gas bubble stream to exit uniformly upwards. The porous plate may consist, for example, of an open metal foam material, a porous ceramic or a sintered material. Another possibility is to use wire mesh to cover the air intake chamber.
Je výhodné, keď môže byť zamedzené odtekaniu kvapaliny do komory s prívodom vzduchu. Pretože to nie je úplne možné, je v komore s prívodom vzduchu usporiadaná na kvapalinu výpust.Advantageously, the flow of liquid into the air intake chamber can be prevented. Since this is not entirely possible, a liquid outlet is provided in the air inlet chamber.
Komora s prívodom vzduchu by mala obsahovať tlakové regulačné prostriedky na reguláciu, respektíve nastavenie prúdu plynových bublín. Jednotná komora s prívodom vzduchu môže byť tiež vybavená jednotlivými kanálkami alebo potrubiami s jednotlivými tryskovými hlavicami pri dne nádrže s radom výstupných otvorov na plyn.The air inlet chamber should comprise pressure regulating means for regulating or adjusting the gas bubble flow, respectively. The single air supply chamber may also be provided with individual ducts or ducts with individual nozzle heads at the bottom of the tank with a series of gas outlet openings.
Nad krytom komory s prívodom vzduchu môže byť v nádrži usporiadané nosné dno na uloženie odliatkov, ktoré musia vykazovať pomerne veľké priechodné otvory na priechod prúdu plynových bublín.Above the cover of the air inlet chamber, a support bottom may be provided in the tank for receiving the castings, which must have relatively large through holes for the passage of a gas bubble stream.
Kvapalina privádzaná prívodom môže cirkulovane obiehať a pritom byť spätne chladená. Tiež je možné prebytočnú kvapalinu jednoduchým spôsobom odvádzať alebo použiť v iných procesoch.The liquid supplied by the inlet can circulate in a circulating manner and at the same time be cooled back. It is also possible to easily remove excess liquid or to use it in other processes.
Prehlad obrázkov na výkresochOverview of the drawings
Vynález je ďalej bližšie vysvetlený s pomocou príkladu uskutočnenia, znázorneného na výkrese, kde značí:The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, in which:
Obr.l nádrž naplnenú kvapalinou v zvislom reze; aFig. 1 a tank filled with liquid in a vertical section; and
Obr. 2 nádrž podlá obr.l v pôdoryse.Fig. 2 shows the tank according to FIG.
Príklady uskutočnenia vynálezuDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Na obr.l je znázornená nádrž 11 vo forme kvádra, ktorá má horný otvor 12 a dno 15, nad ktorým je v určitom odstupe usporiadaný kryt 13, ktorý uzatvára komoru 14 s prívodom vzduchu. Kryt je tvorený pórovitou doskou, ktorá tvorí rad výstupných otvorov na plyn. Kryt 13 dosadá na skriňové profily 21, uložené priebežne pri dne 15. Nad krytom 13 je v určitom odstupe usporiadané nosné dno 22 na ukladanie odliatkov.FIG. 1 shows a box 11 in the form of a cuboid having an upper opening 12 and a bottom 15 above which a cover 13 is arranged at a certain distance which closes the air supply chamber 14. The cover is a porous plate which forms a series of gas outlet openings. The cover 13 bears on the box profiles 21, which are disposed continuously at the bottom 15. Above the cover 13, there is a support base 22 for receiving the castings.
Nad krytom 13 je nádrž 11 naplnená chladiacou kvapalinou 16, v ktorej stúpajú plynové bubliny 17, ktoré vystupujú z komory 14 s prívodom vzduchu a ďalej pórovitým krytom 13. Nádrž 11 má uzatváratelný prívod 18 vody pod nosným dnom 22 a uzatváratelný odvod 19 vody pri hornom otvore 12. nádrže 11. Na umožnenie stáleho priechodu vody počas ochladzovacieho procesu je nad nosným dnom 22 usporiadaný ďalší prívod 24 vody a ďalší odvod 25 vody. Komora 14 je opatrená prívodom 20 tlakového vzduchu. Odpad 23 vody sa nachádza vspodu komory 14.Above the cover 13, the tank 11 is filled with coolant 16 in which gas bubbles 17 rise from the air inlet chamber 14 and the porous cover 13. The tank 11 has a closable water inlet 18 below the carrier bottom 22 and a closable water outlet 19 at the top In order to allow a constant passage of water during the cooling process, a further water inlet 24 and a further water outlet 25 are provided above the support bottom 22. The chamber 14 is provided with a compressed air supply 20. The water drain 23 is located at the bottom of the chamber 14.
Na obr. 2 je v pôdoryse znázornená nádrž LL s vloženým nosným dnom 22, ako aj prívody 18,24 vody a odvody 19,25 vody na chladiacu kvapalinu a prívod 20 tlakového vzduchu. Ďalej je zrejmý priebežný skriňový · profil 21.In FIG. 2 is a plan view of a reservoir LL with an embedded support base 22, as well as water inlets 18,24 and coolant outlets 19,25 and compressed air inlet 20. Furthermore, the continuous box profile 21 is evident.
Claims (10)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10019306A DE10019306C1 (en) | 2000-04-19 | 2000-04-19 | Process for the controlled quenching of light metal cast pieces in a liquid bath comprises subjecting the cast pieces in the bath to gas bubbles which are uniformly distributed at the base of the bath |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| SK4822001A3 true SK4822001A3 (en) | 2002-07-02 |
| SK285480B6 SK285480B6 (en) | 2007-02-01 |
Family
ID=7639252
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| SK482-2001A SK285480B6 (en) | 2000-04-19 | 2001-04-09 | Process and device for controlled quenching of light metal castings in a liquid bath |
Country Status (18)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20010054460A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1148146B8 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2001348617A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100443226B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1323914A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE315110T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU747095B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR0101500A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2344287A1 (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ296750B6 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE10019306C1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2256105T3 (en) |
| HU (1) | HUP0101574A3 (en) |
| MX (1) | MXPA01003906A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO20011905L (en) |
| PL (1) | PL347049A1 (en) |
| SK (1) | SK285480B6 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200102604B (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10312394A1 (en) * | 2003-03-20 | 2004-09-30 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Process for heat treating a component made from a metal alloy comprises cooling a region of the component with a gas stream before quenching with a liquid medium |
| JP2007131897A (en) * | 2005-11-09 | 2007-05-31 | Chuo Motor Wheel Co Ltd | Heat treatment method for metallic member, and heat treatment apparatus therefor |
| CZ306767B6 (en) * | 2008-12-04 | 2017-06-28 | Explosia A.S. | A solvent for the production or treatment of nitrocellulose smokeless powders |
| KR101086062B1 (en) | 2008-12-23 | 2011-11-22 | 부산대학교 산학협력단 | Steam membrane eliminater for quenching water tank |
| DE102013008396B4 (en) | 2013-05-17 | 2015-04-02 | G. Rau Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method and device for remelting and / or remelting of metallic materials, in particular nitinol |
| CN103341620B (en) * | 2013-07-05 | 2015-09-30 | 亚新铸造（苏州）有限公司 | A kind of humidity control system for condensed water in cooling bay in casting |
| CN109689900A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2019-04-26 | 株式会社Ihi | Annealing device |
| CN108580856A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-09-28 | 安徽思源三轻智能制造有限公司 | A kind of quickly cooling device for casting medium casting |
| CN111690796A (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2020-09-22 | 中国铁建高新装备股份有限公司 | Quenching device and quenching system |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS579826A (en) * | 1980-06-19 | 1982-01-19 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Method and device for heat treatment of metals |
| JPS61526A (en) * | 1984-06-13 | 1986-01-06 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Method and apparatus for heat treating metal or the like |
| JPS62202019A (en) * | 1986-03-01 | 1987-09-05 | Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd | Method and apparatus for hardening metallic material |
| SU1574648A1 (en) * | 1987-07-09 | 1990-06-30 | Институт технической теплофизики АН УССР | Device for hardening articles |
| DE3900995A1 (en) * | 1988-06-01 | 1990-07-12 | Mannesmann Ag | METHOD FOR HARDENING A CYLINDRICAL HOLLOW BODY |
| DE4215837C2 (en) * | 1992-05-14 | 1995-06-22 | Man Technologie Gmbh | Process for quenching or heating workpieces |
| DE4412940A1 (en) * | 1994-04-15 | 1995-10-26 | Iva Industrieoefen Verfahren A | Liq. quenching medium intensity modification |
-
2000
- 2000-04-19 DE DE10019306A patent/DE10019306C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-03-27 AU AU31353/01A patent/AU747095B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-03-29 ZA ZA200102604A patent/ZA200102604B/en unknown
- 2001-04-04 ES ES01108439T patent/ES2256105T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-04 DE DE50108596T patent/DE50108596D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-04-04 EP EP01108439A patent/EP1148146B8/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-04 AT AT01108439T patent/ATE315110T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-04-05 CZ CZ20011251A patent/CZ296750B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-04-09 SK SK482-2001A patent/SK285480B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-04-12 PL PL01347049A patent/PL347049A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-04-12 US US09/833,836 patent/US20010054460A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-04-16 JP JP2001117194A patent/JP2001348617A/en active Pending
- 2001-04-17 CN CN01116646A patent/CN1323914A/en active Pending
- 2001-04-18 HU HU0101574A patent/HUP0101574A3/en unknown
- 2001-04-18 NO NO20011905A patent/NO20011905L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-04-18 MX MXPA01003906A patent/MXPA01003906A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-04-18 CA CA002344287A patent/CA2344287A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-04-18 BR BR0101500-1A patent/BR0101500A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-04-19 KR KR10-2001-0021009A patent/KR100443226B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU3135301A (en) | 2001-11-01 |
| ES2256105T3 (en) | 2006-07-16 |
| HUP0101574A3 (en) | 2004-03-01 |
| DE10019306C1 (en) | 2001-09-13 |
| US20010054460A1 (en) | 2001-12-27 |
| AU747095B2 (en) | 2002-05-09 |
| JP2001348617A (en) | 2001-12-18 |
| CZ20011251A3 (en) | 2002-05-15 |
| EP1148146B8 (en) | 2006-04-05 |
| NO20011905D0 (en) | 2001-04-18 |
| KR20010098726A (en) | 2001-11-08 |
| ZA200102604B (en) | 2001-10-02 |
| BR0101500A (en) | 2001-11-20 |
| CZ296750B6 (en) | 2006-06-14 |
| ATE315110T1 (en) | 2006-02-15 |
| KR100443226B1 (en) | 2004-08-04 |
| HUP0101574A2 (en) | 2001-12-28 |
| EP1148146B1 (en) | 2006-01-04 |
| SK285480B6 (en) | 2007-02-01 |
| HU0101574D0 (en) | 2001-06-28 |
| MXPA01003906A (en) | 2004-05-31 |
| PL347049A1 (en) | 2001-10-22 |
| CN1323914A (en) | 2001-11-28 |
| CA2344287A1 (en) | 2001-10-19 |
| NO20011905L (en) | 2001-10-22 |
| DE50108596D1 (en) | 2006-03-30 |
| EP1148146A2 (en) | 2001-10-24 |
| EP1148146A3 (en) | 2003-10-29 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MM4A | Patent lapsed due to non-payment of maintenance fees |
Effective date: 20090409 |