CA2344287A1 - Method of and device for quenching light metal castings in a bath of liquid in a controlled way - Google Patents
Method of and device for quenching light metal castings in a bath of liquid in a controlled way Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2344287A1 CA2344287A1 CA002344287A CA2344287A CA2344287A1 CA 2344287 A1 CA2344287 A1 CA 2344287A1 CA 002344287 A CA002344287 A CA 002344287A CA 2344287 A CA2344287 A CA 2344287A CA 2344287 A1 CA2344287 A1 CA 2344287A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- liquid
- bath
- castings
- gas bubbles
- flow
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000005058 metal casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006262 metallic foam Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 ferrous metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/63—Quenching devices for bath quenching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/63—Quenching devices for bath quenching
- C21D1/64—Quenching devices for bath quenching with circulating liquids
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
Abstract
A method of quenching light metal castings in a bath of liquid in a controlled way, wherein the castings in the bath of liquid are subjected from below at least temporarily by a rising flow of gas bubbles, with the gas bubbles of the flow of gas bubbles being generated in situ at the base of the bath of liquid in a uniformly distributed way.
Description
Method of and device for quenching light metal castings in a bath of liquid in a controlled way Description The invention relates to a method of and device for quenching light metal castings in a bath of liquid in a controlled way.
Quenching castings in a liquid forms a well-known part of heat treatment of both ferrous and non-ferrous metals. It is known to immerse castings in a water bath o.r an oil bath and, alternatively, to shower castings under water. It is also common practice to cool castings in a flow of air. In dependance of the different rates of heat transition in the case of liquid or gaseous cooling mediums, of the status of free convection or forced flows, and as a function of the thermal capacity of the cooling medium and the thermal conductivity of the metal, it is possible to achieve different cooling speeds for the purpose of forming certain types of structure in the casting in different layer thicknesses.
From JP 62-202019 A, there is known a device which comprises a liquid-containing vessel into which there are introduced pipe lines over the edge of same which serve to supply loop-shaped horizontally positioned lines for blowing out gas. The parts to be hardened are lowered into the liquid-containing vessel by means of a carrying device when gas is already emerging from the lines for blowing out gas.
From SU 1 574 648 A1, there is known a device which comprises a liquid-containing basin in whose side wall there ends a gas pressure line which, in the basin interior, is followed by an injector for ~~rming a gas-bubble-enriched cooling stream. The parts to be hardened are lowered into the liquid by a gripping device.
It is the object of the present invention to improve the method and device in such a way that it is easier to set the quenching process. The objective is achieved by providing a method wherein the castings in the bath of liquid are subjected from below at least temporarily to a rising flow of gas bubbles, wherein the gas bubbles of the flow of gas bubbles are generated in situ at the base of the bath of liquid and by providing a device comprising a pond which is filled with a liquid, which is provided with at least one inlet and one outlet for liquid and wherein a gas bubble generating device is provided at the base of the pond, which gas bubble generating device comprises at least one air supply chamber at the base of the pond which air supply chamber comprises a cover with a plurality of gas exit apertures. For this purpose, the gas bubbles are produced best uniformly distributed in situ at the base of the bath of liquid.
Preferably the castings are arranged at a distance above a zone of generating°the gase bubbles. The bath of liquid can be a water bath and the flow of gas bubbles can consist of air bubbles. Whereas immersing the castings into the bath of liquid - after previously having been heated to a certain starting temperature ~- leads to prior art cooling curves, it is possible, by adding a gas bubble flow in accordance with the invention, to clearly reduce or increase the cooling speed. In particular, by setting and regulating the flow of gas bubbles, it is possible to ensure that certain transformation temperatures for the structure do not drop prematurely. The flow of gas bubbles does not have to be produced during the entire quenching process; on the contrary, it can be switched off before the castings are finally removed from the bath of liquid.
The inventive gas bubble generating device, at the base t~f the pond, can comprise at least one air supply chamber which is closed by a cover having plurality of gas exit apertures. The cover can consist of a porous plate which, if there exists an over pressure in the air supply chamber, allows a flow of gas bubbles to stream upwards in a uniformly distributed way. The porous plate can consist of an open metal foam, of a porous ceramic material or sintered metal, for example. A further possibility consists in using a wire mesh element as a cover for the air supply chamber. At the same time, it is advantageous to prevent any liquid from flowing into the air supply chamber. As this cannot be prevented completely, it is necessary to provide an outlet for any liquid in the air supply chamber. The air supply chamber should comprise pressure control elements for controlling or setting the flow of gas bubbles. The unitary air supply chamber can also be replaced by individual channels or lines with individual nozzle heads at the base of the tank with a plurality of gas exit apertures.
Above the cover of the air supply chamber, a carrying base can be provided in the pond for depositing the castings; said carrying base has to be provided with relatively large through-apertures for allowing the passage of the flow of gas bubbles.
A liquid supplied through an inlet can be cycled around the pond and re-cooled ,in the process. Alternatively, it is possible to simply discharge overflow quantities of liquid or to use same for other processes.
Quenching castings in a liquid forms a well-known part of heat treatment of both ferrous and non-ferrous metals. It is known to immerse castings in a water bath o.r an oil bath and, alternatively, to shower castings under water. It is also common practice to cool castings in a flow of air. In dependance of the different rates of heat transition in the case of liquid or gaseous cooling mediums, of the status of free convection or forced flows, and as a function of the thermal capacity of the cooling medium and the thermal conductivity of the metal, it is possible to achieve different cooling speeds for the purpose of forming certain types of structure in the casting in different layer thicknesses.
From JP 62-202019 A, there is known a device which comprises a liquid-containing vessel into which there are introduced pipe lines over the edge of same which serve to supply loop-shaped horizontally positioned lines for blowing out gas. The parts to be hardened are lowered into the liquid-containing vessel by means of a carrying device when gas is already emerging from the lines for blowing out gas.
From SU 1 574 648 A1, there is known a device which comprises a liquid-containing basin in whose side wall there ends a gas pressure line which, in the basin interior, is followed by an injector for ~~rming a gas-bubble-enriched cooling stream. The parts to be hardened are lowered into the liquid by a gripping device.
It is the object of the present invention to improve the method and device in such a way that it is easier to set the quenching process. The objective is achieved by providing a method wherein the castings in the bath of liquid are subjected from below at least temporarily to a rising flow of gas bubbles, wherein the gas bubbles of the flow of gas bubbles are generated in situ at the base of the bath of liquid and by providing a device comprising a pond which is filled with a liquid, which is provided with at least one inlet and one outlet for liquid and wherein a gas bubble generating device is provided at the base of the pond, which gas bubble generating device comprises at least one air supply chamber at the base of the pond which air supply chamber comprises a cover with a plurality of gas exit apertures. For this purpose, the gas bubbles are produced best uniformly distributed in situ at the base of the bath of liquid.
Preferably the castings are arranged at a distance above a zone of generating°the gase bubbles. The bath of liquid can be a water bath and the flow of gas bubbles can consist of air bubbles. Whereas immersing the castings into the bath of liquid - after previously having been heated to a certain starting temperature ~- leads to prior art cooling curves, it is possible, by adding a gas bubble flow in accordance with the invention, to clearly reduce or increase the cooling speed. In particular, by setting and regulating the flow of gas bubbles, it is possible to ensure that certain transformation temperatures for the structure do not drop prematurely. The flow of gas bubbles does not have to be produced during the entire quenching process; on the contrary, it can be switched off before the castings are finally removed from the bath of liquid.
The inventive gas bubble generating device, at the base t~f the pond, can comprise at least one air supply chamber which is closed by a cover having plurality of gas exit apertures. The cover can consist of a porous plate which, if there exists an over pressure in the air supply chamber, allows a flow of gas bubbles to stream upwards in a uniformly distributed way. The porous plate can consist of an open metal foam, of a porous ceramic material or sintered metal, for example. A further possibility consists in using a wire mesh element as a cover for the air supply chamber. At the same time, it is advantageous to prevent any liquid from flowing into the air supply chamber. As this cannot be prevented completely, it is necessary to provide an outlet for any liquid in the air supply chamber. The air supply chamber should comprise pressure control elements for controlling or setting the flow of gas bubbles. The unitary air supply chamber can also be replaced by individual channels or lines with individual nozzle heads at the base of the tank with a plurality of gas exit apertures.
Above the cover of the air supply chamber, a carrying base can be provided in the pond for depositing the castings; said carrying base has to be provided with relatively large through-apertures for allowing the passage of the flow of gas bubbles.
A liquid supplied through an inlet can be cycled around the pond and re-cooled ,in the process. Alternatively, it is possible to simply discharge overflow quantities of liquid or to use same for other processes.
An embodiment of the inventive device will be described below with reference to the drawings wherein Figure I is a vertical section through a pond filled with liquid. ' Figure 2 is a plan view of a pond according to Figure 1.
Figure 1 shows a pond 11 in the form of a cuboid which comprises an upper opening 12 and a base 15 above which, at a certain distance therefrom, there is drawn in a cover 13 which closes an air supply chamber 14. The cover is formed by a porous plate which comprises a plurality of gas exit apertures. The cover 13 rests on box profiles 21 which are circumferentially placed on to the base 15. Above the cover 13, at a 'certain distance therefrom, there is drawn-in a carrying base 22 for depositing castings. Above the cover 13, the tank 11 is filled with a quenching liquid 16 in which there rise gas bubbles 17 which rise from the air supply chamber 14 through the porous cover 13. The pond 11 comprises a closable water outlet 19 near the upper opening 12 of the tank 11. To permit a constant water throughput during the quenching process,''there are provided a further water inlet 24 and a further water outlet 25 above the carrying base 22. The air supply chamber 14 is provided with a connector 20 for compressed air. A water outlet 23 is arranged at the bottom of the air supply chamber 14.
Figure 2, in a plan view, shows the pond. 11 with the inserted carrying base 22 and with water inlets 18, 24 and water outlets 19, 25 for the quenching liquid and the connector 20 for compressed air. Furthermore, it is possible to see the cicumferential box profile 21.
Figure 1 shows a pond 11 in the form of a cuboid which comprises an upper opening 12 and a base 15 above which, at a certain distance therefrom, there is drawn in a cover 13 which closes an air supply chamber 14. The cover is formed by a porous plate which comprises a plurality of gas exit apertures. The cover 13 rests on box profiles 21 which are circumferentially placed on to the base 15. Above the cover 13, at a 'certain distance therefrom, there is drawn-in a carrying base 22 for depositing castings. Above the cover 13, the tank 11 is filled with a quenching liquid 16 in which there rise gas bubbles 17 which rise from the air supply chamber 14 through the porous cover 13. The pond 11 comprises a closable water outlet 19 near the upper opening 12 of the tank 11. To permit a constant water throughput during the quenching process,''there are provided a further water inlet 24 and a further water outlet 25 above the carrying base 22. The air supply chamber 14 is provided with a connector 20 for compressed air. A water outlet 23 is arranged at the bottom of the air supply chamber 14.
Figure 2, in a plan view, shows the pond. 11 with the inserted carrying base 22 and with water inlets 18, 24 and water outlets 19, 25 for the quenching liquid and the connector 20 for compressed air. Furthermore, it is possible to see the cicumferential box profile 21.
Claims (12)
1. A method of quenching light metal castings in a bath of liquid in a controlled way, wherein the castings in the bath of liquid are subjected from below at last temporarily by a rising flow of gas bubbles, characterised in that the gas bubbles of the flow of gas bubbles are generated in situ at the base of the bath of liquid.
2. A method according to claim 1, characterised in that the gas bubbles are generated uniformly distributed at the base of the bath of liquid.
3. A method according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the castings are positioned at a distance above a generating zone of the gas bubbles.
4. A method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the bath of liquid is pumped around in a cycle and re-cooled.
5. A method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that new liquid is constantly fed in at the base of the bath of liquid and that excess quantities of liquid are constantly discharged.
6. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the flow of gas bubbles sets in even before the castings have been fully immersed in the bath of liquid.
7. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the flow of gas bubbles is switched off even before the castings are removed from the bath of liquid.
8. A device for quenching light metal castings in a bath of liquid in a controlled way, comprising a pond (11) which is filled with quenching liquid and which is provided with at least one inlet (18) and one outlet (19) for the liquid, and which pond is furthermore provided with a gas bubble generating device, characterised in that the gas bubble generating device comprises at least one air supply chamber (14) at the base of the pond (11) which comprises a cover (13) with a plurality of gas exit apertures.
9. A device according to claim 8, characterised in that above the cover (13) and the inlet (18) with the injector system, there is provided a carrying base (22) for depositing the castings.
10. A device according to any one of claims 8 or 9, characterised in that the cover (13) consists of a porous plate which, preferably may consist of an open metal foam, a porous ceramic material or sintered metal.
11. A device according to any one of claims 8 or 9, characterised in that the cover (13) consists of a wire mesh element.
12. A device according to any one of claims 8 to 11, characterised in that in a connector (20) leading to the air supply chamber (14), there is provided a pressure control element for setting or controlling the flow of gas bubbles.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10019306A DE10019306C1 (en) | 2000-04-19 | 2000-04-19 | Process for the controlled quenching of light metal cast pieces in a liquid bath comprises subjecting the cast pieces in the bath to gas bubbles which are uniformly distributed at the base of the bath |
| DE10019306.4 | 2000-04-19 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2344287A1 true CA2344287A1 (en) | 2001-10-19 |
Family
ID=7639252
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002344287A Abandoned CA2344287A1 (en) | 2000-04-19 | 2001-04-18 | Method of and device for quenching light metal castings in a bath of liquid in a controlled way |
Country Status (18)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20010054460A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1148146B8 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2001348617A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100443226B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1323914A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE315110T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU747095B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR0101500A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2344287A1 (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ296750B6 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE10019306C1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2256105T3 (en) |
| HU (1) | HUP0101574A3 (en) |
| MX (1) | MXPA01003906A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO20011905L (en) |
| PL (1) | PL347049A1 (en) |
| SK (1) | SK285480B6 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200102604B (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10312394A1 (en) * | 2003-03-20 | 2004-09-30 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Process for heat treating a component made from a metal alloy comprises cooling a region of the component with a gas stream before quenching with a liquid medium |
| JP2007131897A (en) * | 2005-11-09 | 2007-05-31 | Chuo Motor Wheel Co Ltd | Heat treatment method for metallic member, and heat treatment apparatus therefor |
| CZ306767B6 (en) * | 2008-12-04 | 2017-06-28 | Explosia A.S. | A solvent for the production or treatment of nitrocellulose smokeless powders |
| KR101086062B1 (en) | 2008-12-23 | 2011-11-22 | 부산대학교 산학협력단 | Steam membrane eliminater for quenching water tank |
| DE102013008396B4 (en) | 2013-05-17 | 2015-04-02 | G. Rau Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method and device for remelting and / or remelting of metallic materials, in particular nitinol |
| CN103341620B (en) * | 2013-07-05 | 2015-09-30 | 亚新铸造（苏州）有限公司 | A kind of humidity control system for condensed water in cooling bay in casting |
| CN109689900A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2019-04-26 | 株式会社Ihi | Annealing device |
| CN108580856A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-09-28 | 安徽思源三轻智能制造有限公司 | A kind of quickly cooling device for casting medium casting |
| CN111690796A (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2020-09-22 | 中国铁建高新装备股份有限公司 | Quenching device and quenching system |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS579826A (en) * | 1980-06-19 | 1982-01-19 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Method and device for heat treatment of metals |
| JPS61526A (en) * | 1984-06-13 | 1986-01-06 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Method and apparatus for heat treating metal or the like |
| JPS62202019A (en) * | 1986-03-01 | 1987-09-05 | Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd | Method and apparatus for hardening metallic material |
| SU1574648A1 (en) * | 1987-07-09 | 1990-06-30 | Институт технической теплофизики АН УССР | Device for hardening articles |
| DE3900995A1 (en) * | 1988-06-01 | 1990-07-12 | Mannesmann Ag | METHOD FOR HARDENING A CYLINDRICAL HOLLOW BODY |
| DE4215837C2 (en) * | 1992-05-14 | 1995-06-22 | Man Technologie Gmbh | Process for quenching or heating workpieces |
| DE4412940A1 (en) * | 1994-04-15 | 1995-10-26 | Iva Industrieoefen Verfahren A | Liq. quenching medium intensity modification |
-
2000
- 2000-04-19 DE DE10019306A patent/DE10019306C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-03-27 AU AU31353/01A patent/AU747095B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-03-29 ZA ZA200102604A patent/ZA200102604B/en unknown
- 2001-04-04 ES ES01108439T patent/ES2256105T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-04 DE DE50108596T patent/DE50108596D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-04-04 EP EP01108439A patent/EP1148146B8/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-04 AT AT01108439T patent/ATE315110T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-04-05 CZ CZ20011251A patent/CZ296750B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-04-09 SK SK482-2001A patent/SK285480B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-04-12 US US09/833,836 patent/US20010054460A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-04-12 PL PL01347049A patent/PL347049A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-04-16 JP JP2001117194A patent/JP2001348617A/en active Pending
- 2001-04-17 CN CN01116646A patent/CN1323914A/en active Pending
- 2001-04-18 MX MXPA01003906A patent/MXPA01003906A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-04-18 HU HU0101574A patent/HUP0101574A3/en unknown
- 2001-04-18 BR BR0101500-1A patent/BR0101500A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-04-18 CA CA002344287A patent/CA2344287A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-04-18 NO NO20011905A patent/NO20011905L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-04-19 KR KR10-2001-0021009A patent/KR100443226B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO20011905L (en) | 2001-10-22 |
| ATE315110T1 (en) | 2006-02-15 |
| DE50108596D1 (en) | 2006-03-30 |
| JP2001348617A (en) | 2001-12-18 |
| SK285480B6 (en) | 2007-02-01 |
| EP1148146B1 (en) | 2006-01-04 |
| AU747095B2 (en) | 2002-05-09 |
| CN1323914A (en) | 2001-11-28 |
| SK4822001A3 (en) | 2002-07-02 |
| ES2256105T3 (en) | 2006-07-16 |
| HUP0101574A2 (en) | 2001-12-28 |
| EP1148146A3 (en) | 2003-10-29 |
| KR20010098726A (en) | 2001-11-08 |
| NO20011905D0 (en) | 2001-04-18 |
| EP1148146A2 (en) | 2001-10-24 |
| ZA200102604B (en) | 2001-10-02 |
| DE10019306C1 (en) | 2001-09-13 |
| HU0101574D0 (en) | 2001-06-28 |
| EP1148146B8 (en) | 2006-04-05 |
| CZ296750B6 (en) | 2006-06-14 |
| US20010054460A1 (en) | 2001-12-27 |
| BR0101500A (en) | 2001-11-20 |
| MXPA01003906A (en) | 2004-05-31 |
| CZ20011251A3 (en) | 2002-05-15 |
| PL347049A1 (en) | 2001-10-22 |
| HUP0101574A3 (en) | 2004-03-01 |
| AU3135301A (en) | 2001-11-01 |
| KR100443226B1 (en) | 2004-08-04 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |