SK46396A3 - Long-term storing method for being fermenting grape-juice - Google Patents

Long-term storing method for being fermenting grape-juice Download PDF

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SK46396A3
SK46396A3 SK46396A SK46396A SK46396A3 SK 46396 A3 SK46396 A3 SK 46396A3 SK 46396 A SK46396 A SK 46396A SK 46396 A SK46396 A SK 46396A SK 46396 A3 SK46396 A3 SK 46396A3
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long
grape
juice
pressure vessel
pressure
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SK46396A
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Jaroslav Samson
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Jaroslav Samson
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Abstract

Spôsob dlhodobého uchovávania rozkvaseného muštu, najmä hroznového, tak, že sa mušt najskôr oddelí od rozdrvených plodov, potom sa stočí do tlakovej nádoby, ktorá sa potom, keď sa z nej vypudí vzduch muštom a/alebo oxidom uhličitým, uzavrie a uskladní sa, pričom v mušte sa pred jeho uzavretím v tlakovej nádobe nechá rozbehnúť kvasný proces.Method of long-term preservation of fermented must, especially grape, by first separating the must from crushed fruits, then curled into a pressure vessel, which then, when it is expelled from it with must and / or carbon dioxide, encloses and stores, wherein left in the must before leaving in the pressure vessel to start the fermentation process.

Description

Spôsob dlhodobého uchovávania rozkvaseného muštu, najmä hroznovéhoMethod of long - term preservation of fermented must, especially grape must

Oblasť technikyTechnical field

Vynález sa týka spôsobu dlhodobého uchovávania rozkvaseného muštu, vylisovaného z hrozna alebo iného ovocia, bez použitia chemických konzervačných látok a/alebo ohrevu.The invention relates to a method for the long-term preservation of fermented must, pressed from grapes or other fruit, without the use of chemical preservatives and / or heating.

Doterajší stav technikyBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Sú známe spôsoby dlhodobého uchovania ovocných štiav, ktoré spočívajú v tom, že ovocná šťava sa pasterizuje pri teplotách nad 80 °C. Tým sa zničia mikroorganizmy, najmä kvasinky, ktoré by inakšie spôsobili rôzne mikrobiologické procesy, najmä kvasenie, vedúce ku zmene chemického zloženia a nutričných vlastností muštu. Nevýhodou konzervácie ovocných štiav ohrevom je jednak zmena chuti muštu, jednak jeho ochudobnenie o niektoré biologicky aktívne látky, pričom pasterizáciou je možné životnosť muštu predĺžiť rádovo na niekolko málo týždňov.Methods for the long-term preservation of fruit juices are known, in which fruit juice is pasteurized at temperatures above 80 ° C. This destroys microorganisms, especially yeasts, which would otherwise cause various microbiological processes, especially fermentation, leading to a change in the chemical composition and nutritional properties of the must. The disadvantage of the preservation of fruit juices by heating is the change in the taste of the must and its depletion of some biologically active substances.

Je známy celý rad chemických činidiel, ktoré po pridaní do ovocných štiav inhibujú alebo likvidujú mikroorganizmy. Jedná sa napr. o zlúčeniny síry, kyselinu salicylovú, kyselinu mravčiu a ďalšie. Tieto látky, pokial majú skutočne umožniť dlhodobé skladovanie muštu, vyžadujú dávkovanie, ktoré škodí ľudskému organizmu a nepriaznivo ovplyvňuje chuť muštu.A variety of chemical agents are known which, when added to fruit juices, inhibit or destroy microorganisms. These are eg. o sulfur compounds, salicylic acid, formic acid and others. These substances, in order to truly allow long-term storage of the must, require dosages which are detrimental to the human body and adversely affect the taste of the must.

Hroznový mušt na samom začiatku kvasného procesu je obľúbeným nápojom vo vinárskych oblastiach. Obsahuje rad ochranných látok prospešných pre ludský organizmus. Bežne je k dispozícii len v období zberu hrozna, pretože v dôsledku spontánneho kvasenia apikulátnych kvasiniek už počas niekoľkých hodín sa časť cukru v mušte premení na 3 až 5 % obj. etanolu, čím mušt stratí svoje požadované vlastnosti. Tento proces sa dá spomaliť podchladením muštu na teploty blízke nule, avšak nie je ho možné úplne zastaviť. Je známy spôsob, ako pripraviť nakvasený hroznový mušt na uplatnenie na trhu aj mimo zberovej sezóny. Spočíva v umŕtvení kvasného procesu v mušte pomocou niektorého z chemických činidiel, pričom pred uvedením na trh sa do muštu pridá prebytok čistých kvasinkových kultúr, ktoré kvasný proces obnovia. Taktiež tento postup má negatívny dopad na kvalitu a nutričhú hodnotu muštu a preto sa používa len obmedzene.Grape must at the very beginning of the fermentation process is a popular drink in the wine regions. It contains a number of protective substances beneficial for the human organism. It is normally only available during the grape harvesting period, because, as a result of the spontaneous fermentation of the aplicated yeast, within a few hours, some of the sugar in the must is converted to 3 to 5% vol. ethanol, thereby losing its desired properties. This process can be slowed down by super-cooling the must to temperatures close to zero, but cannot be stopped completely. There is a known way to prepare fermented grape must for use on the market even outside the harvest season. It consists in killing the fermentation process in the must with one of the chemical agents, and before placing on the market an excess of pure yeast cultures is added to the must to restore the fermentation process. Also this process has a negative impact on the quality and nutritional value of the must and is therefore used only to a limited extent.

Vynález si aj preto kladie za cieľ vyvinúť jednoduchý spôsob uchovania muštu, najmä hroznového, bez použitia chemických činidiel, ktorý by umožnil dlhodobé skladovanie muštu a jeho pohotové vyskladnenie pre potreby trhu.The invention therefore also aims to develop a simple method of preserving must, in particular grape, without the use of chemical agents, which would allow long-term storage of the must and its prompt removal from the market.

Podstata vynálezuSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Uvedený úkol rieši spôsob dlhodobého uchovávania muštu, najmä hroznového, podľa vynálezu, ktorého podstata spočíva v tom, že mušt sa najskôr oddelí od rozdrvených plodov, potom sa mušt stočí do tlakovej nádoby, ktorá sa plynotesné uzatvorí potom, ako sa z nej vypudí vzduch muštom a/alebo oxidom uhličitým a uskladní sa, pričom v mušte sa pred jeho uzavretím v tlakovej nádobe nechá započať kvasný proces.This object is achieved by a method for the long-term preservation of must, in particular grape, according to the invention, which consists in separating the must from crushed fruits first, then turning the must into a pressure vessel which gastightly closes after air has been expelled. and / or carbon dioxide and stored, whereby the fermentation process is allowed to begin in the must before closing in the pressure vessel.

Je výhodné, ak sa mušt stočí do tlakových nádob s objemom 0,5 až 2,0 litre, pričom sa najmenej 5 % objemu nádoby ponechá bez muštu. Účinok spôsobu podľa vynálezu sa zvýši, ak sa nádoby po uzavretí skladujú pri teplote v rozmedzí od 0 do 12 °C. Je obzvlášť výhodné, ak sa mušt stáča do plastových fliaš so zaskrutkovacím uzáverom.It is preferred that the must be spun into a pressure vessel having a volume of 0.5 to 2.0 liters, leaving at least 5% of the vessel volume free of the must. The effect of the process according to the invention is increased if the containers are stored at a temperature between 0 and 12 ° C after closing. It is particularly advantageous if the must is turned into plastic bottles with a screw cap.

Vynález využíva poznatok, že tlak oxidu uhličitého, ktorý sa pri kvasení vyvíja, inhibuje rozmnožovanie kvasiniek. Napr. Schmitthenner, F. uvádza vo Vein u. Rebe, 16, 1934, s. 199, že rozmnožovanie kvasiniek sa zastaví, ak sa rozpustí asi 15 g kyseliny uhličitej v 1 litri muštu. To predstavuje tlak 7,85 MPa pri teplote 15 °C, 6,32 MPa pri teplote 10 °C a 4,81 MPa pri 5 °C. Tlak oxidu uhličitého dlhodobo spomaľuje činnosť kvasiniek a vylučuje z činnosti všetky aeróbne mikroorganizmy, ktoré sú na zvýšený tlak veľmi citlivé, octové baktérie, pliesne a podobne. Užitočné mliečne baktérie, ktoré odbúravajú kyselinu jablčnú, sa ani pri tlaku 0,81 MPa nezničia a pri znížení tlaku môže odbúravanie kyselín pokračoval.The invention makes use of the fact that the carbon dioxide pressure that develops during fermentation inhibits the propagation of yeast. E.g. Schmitthenner, F. in Vein. Rebe, 16, 1934, p. 199, that the reproduction of yeast is stopped when about 15 g of carbonic acid is dissolved in 1 liter of must. This represents a pressure of 7.85 MPa at 15 ° C, 6.32 MPa at 10 ° C and 4.81 MPa at 5 ° C. The pressure of carbon dioxide slows down the activity of yeast for a long time and excludes all aerobic microorganisms, which are very sensitive to elevated pressure, acetic bacteria, molds and the like. Useful lactic acid bacteria, which break down malic acid, are not destroyed even at a pressure of 0.81 MPa, and the degradation of acids may continue under pressure reduction.

Doteraz sa uvedený poznatok využíval ojedinele vo vinárstve na reguláciu rýchlosti kvasných procesov, t.zn. na ovplyvnenie rýchlosti kvasenia tak, aby bola zaistená optimálna kvalita vína. Túto technológiu v podstate umožnilo stále širšie použitie kovových cisterien ako kvasných nádob. Uplatnenie tohoto princípu v malých objemoch na hroznový mušt v počiatočnom štádiu kvasného procesu viedlo k prekvapujúcemu zisteniu, že pod tlakom oxidu uhličitého sa mušt stabilizuje a po dobu až jedného roka uchováva svoje vlastnosti.So far, this knowledge has been used rarely in the winery to regulate the rate of fermentation processes; to influence the fermentation rate so as to ensure optimal wine quality. Essentially, this technology has made it possible to use metal tanks more and more than fermenters. The application of this principle in small volumes to grape must at the early stage of the fermentation process has led to the surprising finding that under the pressure of carbon dioxide the must stabilizes and retains its properties for up to one year.

Trhové využitie vynálezu dostupnosťou tlakových plastových oxidu uhličitého, majú uzáver na je potom podmienené fliaš, ktoré znesú tlak zaskrutkovanie a umožnia jednoduchú dekompresiu pred konzumáciou muštu.Market exploitation of the invention by the availability of pressurized plastic carbon dioxide, having a cap on is then condensed bottles which can withstand the screwing pressure and allow easy decompression prior to the consumption of the must.

Príklady uskutočnenia vynálezuDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Príklad 1Example 1

Mušt vylisovaný zo zdravého, za sucha pooberaného hrozna odrody Miiller Thurgau, sa v poslednom týždni v septembri stočil do plastových fliaš s objemom 1,5 1 tak, že 10 % objemu fľaše zostalo muštom nevyplneného. Fľaše sa postavili do priestoru s teplotou 18 °C s uvoľnenými skrutkovacími uzávermi na 10 hodín. Po tomto čase bolo zreteľne vidno bublinky oxidu uhličitého, ako stúpajú k hladine muštu a oxid uhličitý unikal okolo uzáverov. Potom sa uzávery dotiahli a flaše sa odložili do pivničnej miestnosti s konštantnou teplotou 10 °C. Počas jedného roka sa vždy po 14 dňoch odoberali vzorky. Po vykonaní dekompresie sa otvorila jedna fľaša a kontrolovali sa chemické a chuťové vlastnosti muštu. Zistilo sa, že chemické a chuťové vlastnosti sa takmer nemenia, obsah cukru v mušte zostával konštantný, obsah kyselín a aromatických látok sa postupne znižoval, avšak najviac o 20 % za celý 1 rok.The must, pressed from a healthy, dry-grape Miiller Thurgau grape, was spun into 1.5 liter plastic bottles in the last week of September so that 10% of the bottle volume remained unfilled. The bottles were placed in an 18 ° C space with loosened screw caps for 10 hours. After this time, bubbles of carbon dioxide were clearly visible as they climbed to the level of the must and carbon dioxide escaped around the caps. Then the caps were tightened and the bottles were placed in a cellar room at a constant temperature of 10 ° C. Samples were taken every 14 days for one year. After decompression, one bottle was opened and the must and chemical properties of the must were checked. It was found that the chemical and taste properties remained almost unchanged, the sugar content in the must remained constant, the content of acids and flavorings gradually decreased, but not more than 20% over the whole 1 year.

Pri dekompresii a otvorení fľaše pri izbovej teplote dochádzalo takmer okamžite k obnoveniu kvasného procesu a obnoveniu pôvodných vlastností nakvaseného muštu. V takejto forme je mušt určený na konzumáciu. Pri dekompresii mušt silne pení, preto sa ukázalo ako výhodné nechal čaši fľaše nenaplnenú.When the bottle was decompressed and opened at room temperature, the fermentation process and the original properties of the fermented must were almost immediately restored. In such a form, the must is intended for consumption. During decompression, the must must be very foaming, so it has proven advantageous to leave the bottle part unfulfilled.

Príklad 2Example 2

Mušt vylisovaný z hrozna odrody Veltlínske zelené bol rozkvasený v sude s objemom 450 1 do štádia optimálneho na konzumáciu. Potom sa stočil do fliaš s objemom 1,5 la uložil rovnako ako v príklade 1. Sledovanie a hodnotenie prebiehalo ako v príklade 1, s obdobnými výsledkami.The must pressed from the Grüner Veltliner grape was fermented in a 450 liter barrel to an optimal stage for consumption. It was then spun into 1.5 L bottles and stored as in Example 1. The monitoring and evaluation proceeded as in Example 1, with similar results.

Príklad3Example 3

Po vylisovaní 100 1 muštu podľa príkladu 2 sa matolina, ktorá zostala, zaliala 50 1 vody a pridalo sa k nej 9 kg cukru. Po 24 hodinách lúhovania sa zo zmesi vylisoval mušt. Ďalší postup bol rovnaký ako v príklade 2.After pressing 100 l of the must according to Example 2, the remaining marc was poured into 50 l of water and 9 kg of sugar was added thereto. After 24 hours of leaching, the must was pressed from the mixture. The procedure was the same as in Example 2.

Vynález nájde uplatnenie v potravinárstve, umožní trhové uplatnenie oblúbeného nápoja s pozitívnymi zdravotnými účinkami bez ohľadu na sezónu zberu hrozna alebo ovocia.The invention will find application in the food industry, will enable the marketing of a popular drink with positive health effects regardless of the grape or fruit harvesting season.

Claims (4)

PATENTOVÉ NÁROKYPATENT CLAIMS 1. Spôsob dlhodobého uchovávania rozkvaseného muštu, najmä hroznového, vyznačujúci sa tým, že sá mušt najskôr oddelí od rozdrvených plodov, potom sa mušt stočí do tlakovej nádoby, ktorá sa potom, ako sa z nej vypudí vzduch muštom a/alebo oxidom uhličitým, uzavrie a uskladní sa, pričom v mušte sa pred jeho uzavretím v tlakovej nádobe nechá rozbehnúť kvasný proces.Method for the long-term preservation of fermented must, in particular grape must, characterized in that the must must first be separated from the crushed fruits, then the must must be poured into a pressure vessel which is closed after the air has been expelled by the must and / or and stored, allowing the fermentation process to start in the must before closing it in the pressure vessel. 2. Spôsob podľa nároku 1, vyznačujúci sa tým, že mušt sa stočí do tlakovývh nádob s objemom 0,5 až 2,0 litre, pričom sa aspoň 5 % objemu nádoby ponechá bez muštu.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the must is spun into pressure vessels of 0.5 to 2.0 liters, leaving at least 5% of the volume of the vessel without the must. 3. Spôsob podľa nároku 1, vyznačujúci sa tým, že nádoby sa po uzavretí skladujú pri teplote od 0 do 15 °C.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the containers are stored at 0 to 15 ° C after closing. 4. Spôsob podľa nároku 1, vyznačujúci sa tým, že mušt sa stočí do plastových fliaš so zaskrutkovacím uzáverom.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the must is twisted into plastic bottles with a screw cap.
SK46396A 1996-04-10 1996-04-10 Long-term storing method for being fermenting grape-juice SK46396A3 (en)

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