SI9200315A - Electric heating conductor for infrared heating element - Google Patents
Electric heating conductor for infrared heating element Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/68—Heating arrangements specially adapted for cooking plates or analogous hot-plates
- H05B3/74—Non-metallic plates, e.g. vitroceramic, ceramic or glassceramic hobs, also including power or control circuits
- H05B3/748—Resistive heating elements, i.e. heating elements exposed to the air, e.g. coil wire heater
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(57) Sevalno-grelni vodnik, posebno električnega sevalnega grela. Sevalno grelo 11 je nameščeno pod ploščo iz steklene keramike 12. Na svojem izolacijskem nosilcu 14 je nameščen grelni vodnik 18a, 18b, ki sestoji iz več, kot tkanina oz. preplet, prednostni kot cevast preplet medsebojno prepletenih posamičnih žic 19, ki so vezane vzporedno. Grelni vodnik ima majhno razmerje med maso in nazivno močjo z manj kot 7.10-3 g/W.(57) Radiation-heating conductor, in particular electric radiant heater. The radiant heater 11 is mounted beneath a glass ceramic plate 12. A heating conductor 18a, 18b is provided on its insulating support 14, which consists of more than a cloth or fabric. interlacing, preferably as tubular interlacing of interconnected individual wires 19, which are connected in parallel. The heating conductor has a low mass-to-power ratio of less than 7.10-3 g / W.
Sl 9200315 ASl 9200315 A
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2. 11. 9202. 11. 92
E.G.O. Elektro-Gerate Blanc u.FischerE.G.O. Electro-Gerate Blanc u.Fischer
Sevalno-grelni vodnik, posebno električnega sevalnega grelaRadiation-heating conductor, especially electric radiation heater
Izum se nanaša na sevalno-grelni vodnik, posebno električnega sevalnega grela. Tovrstna sevalna grela se uporabljajo za ogrevanje plošč, posebno plošč iz steklene keramike. Nameščena so na izolirnem nosilcu v razmiku od plošče.The invention relates to a radiation-heating conductor, especially an electric radiation heater. Such radiant heaters are used for heating plates, especially glass ceramic plates. They are mounted on an insulating support spaced from the panel.
Iz DE-A-39 11 761 je postala znana sevalno-grelna naprava, pri kateri je grelni vodnik razdeljen v več posamičnih žic, ki so medsebojno zvite. S tem se je hotelo povečati življensko dobo grela, ker je toplotno sevanje porazdeljeno na večjo ploskev. Znižana je specifična površinska obremenitev, s tem da je pri enakem celotnem preseku grelnega vodnika povečana površina. Pri zvijanju oz. vrvenju več posamičnih žic so žice vsaj najmanj na druga proti drugi obrnjenih ploskvah prav tako ovirane v svojem izsevanju. Nadalje predlaga ta spis drugačno oblikovanje preseka, npr. zvezdasto obliko žic. Te pa se težko izdelujejo in predelujejo.From DE-A-39 11 761, a radiation heating device has become known, in which the heating conductor is divided into several twisted wires. This wanted to increase the life of the heater because the thermal radiation was distributed over a larger plot. The specific surface load is reduced by increasing the surface area with the same overall cross section of the heating conductor. When twisting or. the rotation of several individual wires, the wires are at least at least opposite to each other facing surfaces, also impeded in their radiation. Further, this file proposes a different cross-section design, e.g. star shaped wires. These, however, are difficult to manufacture and process.
Tudi iz DE-A-35 09 985 so znani tovrstni grelni vodniki.DE-A-35 09 985 also known for this kind of heating conductors.
Iz DE-B-1 094 383 so znana cevasta grela z neokroglo površino.DE-B-1 094 383 discloses tubular heaters with a non-circular surface.
Iz DE-A-35 45 454 so znani ploski grelni vodniki, ki so izvedeni v debeloplastni tehniki s pasto. Podobni, iz kovinskih folij izdelani grelni vodniki so znani iz EP-A-0 202 969. Ti pa so vključeni v izolacijo in s tem ne sevajo prosto.DE-A-35 45 454 discloses flat heating conductors which are made in thick-layer technique with paste. Similar metal foil-made heating conductors are known from EP-A-0 202 969. However, they are included in the insulation and thus do not radiate freely.
Pri sevalnih grelih, pri katerih je grelni vodnik zaščiten pred atmosfero z vključitvijo v kremenčevo cev, se lahko uporabljajo relativno tanki grelni vodniki, ki zavzemajo zelo visoke temperature in sevajo zato v področju vidne svetlobe, predvsem, če je npr. s halogenizirno plinsko atmosfero v cevi grelna vijačnica zaščitena tudi pred izparevanjem. Takšne halogenske svetilke se uporabljajo za kuhanje, so pa drage in povzročajo tudi probleme pri krmiljenju.For radiant heaters in which the heating conductor is shielded from the atmosphere by being incorporated into a silica tube, relatively thin heat conductors may be used which occupy very high temperatures and therefore radiate in the field of visible light, especially if, for example, with a halogenating gas atmosphere in the tube, the heating coil is also protected against evaporation. Such halogen lamps are used for cooking, but they are expensive and also cause steering problems.
Pri GB-A-2 074 828 se poskuša, da bi se doseglo z nekrožno oblikovano obliko vijačnice izboljšavo izsevalnega ponašanja.GB-A-2 074 828 seeks to achieve an improvement in the radiative behavior of a non-circular shaped helix.
Nadalje je postalo znano (DE-A-36 23 130), da se čas zažarenja grelnega vodnika skrajša z občasnim zvišanjem toka, npr. z vzporedno vezavo upora s hladno prevodnostjo k delu grelnega vodnika.It has further become known (DE-A-36 23 130) that the firing time of the heating conductor is shortened by an occasional increase in current, e.g. by parallel coupling of the resistor with cold conductivity to the part of the heating conductor.
Naloga izuma je, da se ustvari sevalno grelo, ki ima, kljub temu da je izpostavljeno atmosferi, skrajšan čas zažarenja, ne da bi se s tem skrajšala življenska doba.It is an object of the invention to create a radiant heater which, despite being exposed to the atmosphere, has a reduced firing time without shortening its life span.
Ta naloga je rešena z zahtevkom 1.This problem is solved by claim 1.
Majhno razmerje masa/moč omogoča, da se čas zažarenja bistveno skrajša. Tako nastane grelni vodnik, ki hitro zažari in ki ima pri v bistvu enaki končni temperaturi površine kot običajen grelni vodnik z eno žico z okroglim presekom manjšo celotno površino preseka. Ugotovilo se je, da je zakasnitev pri zažarenju povzročena v veliki meri od same termične inertnosti grelnega vodnika, če se odvod toplote z izolacijskim nosilcem ohranja v dopustno nizki meri. Prednosti izuma se dosežejo v posebnem obsegu, če grelo praktično samo nalega na izolacijskem nosilcu z dobrimi toplotnimi izolacijskimi lastnostmi. Kljub manjšemu celotnemu preseku se lahko doseže zadostna življenska doba grelnih vodnikov, tudi če sestojijo po izumu oblikovani grelni vodniki iz več vzporedno vezanih posamičnih vodnikov. Ugotovilo se je celo, da traja grelni vodnik pri v ostalem primerljivih okoliščinah dlje, če je tanek. To je bilo sicer spoznano že v DE-A-39 11 761, vendar se je tam specifično površinsko obremenitev znižalo in smatralo nadalje učinek kot posledico zvitja posamičnih žic. Nadalje je bilo ugotovljeno, da imajo grelni vodniki iz zlitine železakroma-aluminija boljše vrednosti takrat, če je njihov delež aluminija relativno visok, npr. prek 4, če znaša prednostno npr. 5 %. Njihova specifična vrednost toplotne kapacitete s približno 0,53 (kJ/kg.K) v področju od 300-1100 K tvori osnovo za vrednost razmerja masa-moč.The low mass-to-power ratio allows the firing time to be reduced significantly. This produces a fast-firing heating conductor which, at substantially the same end surface temperature as a conventional single-wire, circular cross-section heating conductor, has a smaller overall cross-sectional area. It has been found that the ignition delay is caused to a great extent by the thermal inertia of the heating conductor itself if the heat dissipation with the insulating support is maintained to a tolerably low degree. The advantages of the invention are achieved to a particular extent if the heater virtually rests on an insulating carrier with good thermal insulation properties. In spite of the smaller overall cross section, a sufficient lifetime of the heating conductors can be achieved, even if the heating conductors formed by the invention consist of several parallel connected individual conductors. It has even been found that, in other comparable circumstances, the heating conductor lasts longer if thin. This has already been recognized in DE-A-39 11 761, but the specific surface load there has been reduced and further considered the effect as a result of twisting of individual wires. Furthermore, it has been found that iron-alloy aluminum conductors have better values when their aluminum content is relatively high, e.g. over 4 if it is preferably e.g. 5%. Their specific heat capacity value of approximately 0.53 (kJ / kg.K) in the range of 300-1100 K forms the basis for the mass-power ratio value.
Grelni vodniki so lahko oblikovani kot ploski vodniki in nanešeni na izolacijski nosilec tudi z brizganjem, kot brizganjem s plazmo. Tudi pri uporabi votlih vodnikov, npr. tankih cevi iz uporovnega materiala, se lahko v danih pogojih razdelitev na več posamičnih vodnikov opusti, ker je s tem razmerje površina/presek zvišano. Nadalje je možna izdelava iz folije, ki se z jedkanjem, laserskim rezanjem in podobno dovede v vnaprej podan vzorec. Glede na izhodiščni material so možne torej okrogle žice, ploščate žice, folije s koluta in prahu, pri čemer sega dajanje oblike od ravne žice do preprostih ali dvojnih vijačnic, meandrov itd. in se lahko izdelava folije izvaja s štancanjem, laserskim rezanjem, erodiranjem, jedkanjem ali galvanskim oblikovanjem. Pri praškastem izhodnem materialu se lahko razen brizganja s plazmo uporabi tudi sintran ali folijski liv. Namestitev na izolacijsko telo se lahko izvaja z vlivanjem, vpenjanjem, pribijanjem, spenjanjem, zaskokom ali drugimi oblikovno-sklepnimi postopki pritrditve, v danih pogojih tudi s držalno strukturo, kot je to palica, mrežasta struktura ali prednostno vijačnica, medtem ko je pri namestitvi kot plast smotrno sidranje z ustreznim površinskim oblikovanjem izolacijskega nosilca.The heating conductors can be designed as flat conductors and applied to the insulating support also by injection molding, such as plasma spraying. Even when using hollow conductors, e.g. thin tubes made of resistive material, under certain conditions the division into several individual conductors may be omitted because the surface / cross section ratio is thereby increased. Furthermore, foil fabrication is possible which, by etching, laser cutting and the like, results in a pre-formed pattern. Depending on the starting material, round wires, flat wires, foils of discs and dust are thus possible, ranging from straight wire to simple or double screws, meanders, etc. and foil fabrication can be performed by stamping, laser cutting, eroding, etching or electroplating. In the case of powder starting material, sinter or foil casting may be used in addition to plasma injection. Installation on an insulating body may be carried out by casting, clamping, nailing, clamping, snapping, or other jointing procedures, under given conditions also with a holding structure such as a rod, mesh structure or, preferably, a helix, while layer suitable anchoring with appropriate surface design of the insulating support.
Geometrija namestitve grelnih vodnikov na izolacijski nosilec (makro - geometrija) lahko zajema pri običajnih okroglih žicah več, npr. deset vzporednih vodnikov, ki so nameščeni v progah v obliki črt, meandrov ali spiral.The geometry of mounting the heating conductors on the insulating support (macro - geometry) may cover more than usual round wires, eg. ten parallel conductors arranged in lines in the form of lines, meanders or spirals.
Namestitev bi lahko razen vijačenja zajemala pletenično, vrvasto ali v obliki koaksialnih vijačnic izvedeno geometrijo. Ploske žice so valovite ali prednostno vijačene in so lahko pri stoječi ali ležeči namestitvi nameščene v obliki meandra, spiralasto ali v drugi konfiguraciji. Pri izdelavi iz folije in namestitvi kot plast iz past in podobnega so primerne tudi ožlebljene ali bradavičaste oblike.In addition to screwing, the installation could include braided, rope or coaxial geometry. Flat wires are wavy or preferably screwed and may be mounted in a meander, coiled or other configuration when standing or lying down. Grooved or warty shapes are also suitable for foil fabrication and installation as a layer of trap and the like.
V vsakem primeru je prednostno, da se izvede namestitev tako, da je grelni vodnik izpostavljen kar najmanjšemu termičnemu premikanju oz. raztezanju in da je ukrivljenost stene grelnega vodnika relativno velika, da obdrži nastalo plast aluminijevega oksida na grelnem vodniku. Iz tega razloga naj se prepreči tudi vsak dotik grelnega vodnika z elementi, ki bi lahko pri termičnem raztezanju po njem praskali itd., da se oksidna plast ne poškoduje. Ta ščiti grelni vodnik in omogoča dolgo življensko dobo.In any case, it is preferable to carry out the installation in such a way that the heating conductor is exposed to the least thermal movement or. stretching and that the curvature of the wall of the heating conductor is relatively large to retain the resulting layer of aluminum oxide on the heating conductor. For this reason, it should also be avoided that any contact of the heating conductor with elements that could be scratched by thermal expansion etc. prevent the oxide layer from being damaged. This protects the heating conductor and allows for a long life span.
Po posebno prednostni značilnosti izuma lahko sestoji grelni vodnik iz več posamičnih vodnikov, ki so medsebojno vzporedno vezani in sodelujejo v obliki mreže. Ta razporeditev omogoča, da se pri specifični površinski obremenitvi grelnega vodnika in s tem v glavnem enaki površinski temperaturi presek celotnega grelnega vodnika glede na posamično žico bistveno zniža. Možno pa je tudi, da se z relativno povečano izsevajočo površino pri enakem prehodu moči zniža površinsko temperaturo. Mrežasta razporeditev ustvari prednost, da tvorijo po eni strani posamični grelni vodniki medsebojno povezano strukturo, da pa se po drugi strani medsebojno komaj zaslanjajo, ker se dotikajo vsakokrat samo točkasto in medsebojno zasenčenje komaj nastopa. Pri v veliki meri redni mrežasti strukturi, ki je prednostna, je tudi zagotovljeno, da imajo posamični vodniki na vsakokratnih točkah križanja v glavnem enak potencial, tako da ne nastopajo med njimi nobene bistvene napetostne razlike. Pri večini materialov za grelne vodnike nastopajoče in tudi za življensko dobo pomembna nastajanja oksidne prevleke, npr. iz aluminijevega oksida, skrbi v ostalem za to, da so žice na svojih točkah križanja praktično električno medsebojno izolirane.According to a particularly advantageous feature of the invention, a heating conductor may consist of several individual conductors, which are connected in parallel to one another and interact in the form of a grid. This arrangement allows the cross section of the entire heating conductor to be reduced substantially with respect to the individual wire at the specific surface load of the heating conductor, and thus substantially the same surface temperature. It is also possible that with a relatively increased radiating surface, the surface temperature decreases with the same power transition. The mesh arrangement creates the advantage that on the one hand the individual heating conductors form an interconnected structure, but on the other hand they barely cover each other, because they only touch point and shading each time. With a largely regular grid structure being preferred, it is also ensured that the individual conductors at each intersection point generally have the same potential so that no significant voltage difference occurs between them. Most oxide-coated materials, as well as the life span, are important in the formation of oxide coatings, e.g. made of aluminum oxide, ensures that the wires are virtually electrically isolated from each other at their points of intersection.
Grelni vodnik lahko sestoji iz tkanine, prepleta ali pletenine poljubne povezavne strukture. Posebno prednosten je cevast preplet, katerega posamični vodniki so medsebojno prepleteni v obliki druga proti drugi v nasprotni smeri zavitih vijačnic. Takšen cevast preplet je sam po sebi dokaj stabilen, čeprav je dovolj fleksibilen, da se lahko namesti na izolacijski nosilec v obliki spirale, meandra ali podobnega, ne da bi obstajala bojazen, da se cev prelomi ali stisne. Cevast preplet je lahko oblikovan tudi iz skupin medsebojno vzporedno potekajočih posamičnih vodnikov. Nadaljnja prednost je, da drži zaradi relativno majhnega premera žice posamični vodnik oksidno prevleko, ki ščiti grelni vodnik, zelo dobro in da se z mehanskimi ali termičnimi premiki ne povzroči odrgnjenje ali oluščenje.The heating conductor may consist of a fabric, interlacing or knitting of any connecting structure. Particularly preferred is a tubular interconnect, the individual conductors of which are interconnected in the form of one another in the opposite direction of the coiled screws. Such a tubular web is quite stable in itself, although it is flexible enough to be mounted on an insulating carrier in the form of a spiral, meander or the like, without the fear of the tube breaking or squeezing. The tubular interconnect may also be formed from groups of parallel conductors. Another advantage is that due to the relatively small wire diameter, the individual conductor holds the oxide coating protecting the heating conductor very well and does not cause abrasion or debris by mechanical or thermal displacement.
Prednostno je, da se tudi ta grelni vodnik izdela z nizkim razmerjem celotna masa/nazivna moč pod 7.10'3 g/W, vendar pa se dosežejo z mrežasto strukturo prednosti tudi pri drugih razmerjih.Preferably, this heating conductor is also produced with a low total mass / nominal power ratio of less than 7.10 ' 3 g / W, but is achieved with a mesh structure advantageous in other ratios.
Te in nadaljnje značilnosti izhajajo razen iz zahtevkov tudi iz opisa in risb, pri čemer se lahko posamične značilnosti uresničujejo pri izvedbeni obliki izuma in na drugih področjih vsakokrat same zase ali več skupaj v obliki podkombinacij ter lahko predstavljajo prednostne ter same zase zaščite sposobne izvedbe, za katere se tukaj zahteva zaščita. Izveden primer izuma je prikazan v risbi in bo v nadaljnjem podrobneje pojasnjen.These and further features derive from the claims but also from the description and drawings, whereby individual features may be realized in the embodiment of the invention and in other fields each time, individually or separately, in the form of sub-combinations, and may be preferred and self-protective embodiments, which protection is required here. A derivative example of the invention is shown in the drawing and will be explained in further detail.
Sl. 1 prikazuje shematski, navpičen prerez skozi sevalno grelo z dvema variantama grelnih vodnikov v delnih slikah la in lb, sl. 2 in 3 prikazujeta povečana podrobna pogleda v sl. la in lb prikazanih grelnih vodnikov.FIG. 1 shows a schematic, vertical section through a radiant heater with two variants of the heater conductors in the partial figures la and lb; FIG. 2 and 3 show enlarged detailed views in FIG. la and lb shown heating conductors.
Sevalno grelo 11 je predvideno za električno kuhalno napravo in pritisnjeno ob spodnjo stran plošče iz steklene keramike 12, na kateri lahko stojijo kuhalne posode. Sevalno grelo 11 vsebuje v pločevinasti skodeli 13 izolacijsko telo 14 iz termično dobro izolirajočega in visokotemperaturno obstojnega izolacijskega materiala, npr. mikroporoznega gela kremenične kisline, ki je lahko ojačen s keramičnimi vlakni. Na dnu 17 v izolacijskem nosilcu 14 oblikujočega se, od njegovega roba 16 obdanega sevalnega prostora 15 sta nameščena grelna vodnika 18a, 18b.The radiant heater 11 is provided for the electric cooking appliance and is pressed against the underside of the ceramic glass plate 12 on which the cooking vessels can stand. The radiant heater 11 contains in the tin cup 13 an insulating body 14 of thermally well insulated and high temperature resistant insulating material, e.g. microporous quartz acid gel, which can be reinforced with ceramic fibers. The heating conductors 18a, 18b are mounted at the bottom 17 in the insulating support 14 of the radiating space 15 formed from its edge 16 surrounded by the radiating space 15.
Nameščen je lahko eden ali več grelnih vodnikov, ki so v sl. la oblikovani v obliki cevastega prepleta, katerega mrežasta površina sestoji iz medsebojno prepletenih posamičnih žic oz. iz pramenov posamičnih žic. V povečanem podrobnem prikazu po sl. 2 se lahko vidi, da poteka več pramenov s po dvema posamičnima žicama medsebojno vzporedno v obliki vijačnice in da je prepletenih z ustreznimi, v nasprotno usmerjeni smeri vijačnice potekajočimi prameni. Cevast preplet je relativno rahel, tako da nastajajo zanke s prosto ploskvijo zanke 21, ki je najmanj pol tako velika kot ustrezna, od posamičnih žic 20 zavzeta ploskev, prednostno pa večja kot ta. S tem je zagotovljeno, da lahko z zadnje strani izvirajoče ali reflektirano sevanje izstopa skozi te proste prostore zanke 21.One or more of the heating conductors shown in FIG. or formed in the form of a tubular interlacing, the mesh surface of which consists of interconnected single wires, respectively. from strands of single wires. In an enlarged detail view of FIG. 2, it can be seen that several strands with two individual wires run parallel to each other in the form of a helix and are interwoven with corresponding strands running in the opposite direction to the helix. The tubular interlacing is relatively slight, forming loops with a free surface of loop 21, which is at least half as large as the corresponding surface, occupying a surface of the individual wires 20, preferably larger than this. This ensures that, from the rear, the radiating or reflected radiation can exit through these free loop spaces 21.
Uporaben je vsak način tkanja, prepletanja ali pletenja, ki se lahko uporabi za takšen cevast preplet. Število posamičnih žic je določeno s številom žic v pramenih in s številom medsebojno vzporedno potekajočih pramenov v vsaki smeri vijačnice. To lahko znaša npr. dvanajst, kot je to shematsko nakazano v sl. la. Grelni vodnik 18a iz cevastega prepleta nalega na dnu 17 izolacijskega telesa 14 in je lahko tam pritrjen s sponkami ali podobnim, pri čemer je treba paziti na kar najmanjši toplotni stik s podlago. Možno pa je tudi, kot je npr. prikazano, da se zapre grelni vodnik I8a v držalno vijačnico 22, ki sestoji prav tako iz električnega uporovnega materiala. Ta vijačnica naj ima zadosti vmesnih prostorov, da ne bi ovirala prostega izsevanja. V svojem notranjem premeru naj bi bila nekoliko večja, kot je zunanji premer grelnega vodnika 18a in s svojim spodnjim delom 23 vložena v izolacijsko telo 14 in drži tako grelni vodnik v položaju v veliki meri brez dotika, vendar dobro zavarovanega.Any weaving, knitting or knitting method that can be used for such tubular knitting is useful. The number of single strands is determined by the number of strands in strands and by the number of strands running parallel to each other in each direction of the helix. This can be, for example, twelve, as schematically indicated in FIG. la. The tubular sheath 18a contacts the bottom 17 of the insulating body 14 and can be fastened there with clips or the like, taking care to minimize thermal contact with the substrate. It is also possible, such as. shown to close the heating conductor I8a into a holding screw 22, which also consists of an electrical resistive material. This helix should have sufficient intermediate spaces to prevent obstruction from free radiating. In its internal diameter, it should be slightly larger than the outer diameter of the heating conductor 18a and with its lower part 23 inserted into the insulating body 14 and thus keeping the heating conductor in a position largely out of contact but well secured.
Za primer, da mora cevasti preplet obstajati iz relativno tankih žic in je temu ustrezno, posebno pri segrevanju, labilen, se lahko, kot je prav tako prikazano, v notranjost cevastega prepleta povleče držalna ali podporna vijačnica 24, ki je potem s svoje strani pritrjena na izolacijskem nosilcu 14 s sponkami ali podobnim. Razporeditev grelnih vodnikov na izolacijskem nosilcu lahko poteka v obliki spirale, meandra ali podobnega.In the event that the tubular sheath has to be made of relatively thin wires and is therefore labile, especially when heated, the holding or supporting helix 24 may be drawn into the tubular sheath, which is then secured in turn. on insulating carrier 14 with clips or the like. The arrangement of the heating conductors on the insulating support may be in the form of a spiral, meander or the like.
V sl. Ib je prikazan grelni vodnik 18b, ki je oblikovan v obliki mrežastega ploščatega prepleta iz posamičnih vodnikov 20. To je lahko tudi ploščat trak, od katerega je v sl. Ib in 3 prikazana samo ena stran, ki pa kaže na drugi strani prav tako s loki posamičnih vodnikov 25 sklenjen zunanji robnik 26, tako da prehajajo posamični vodniki 20 od priključka do priključka. Ta trak je lahko na izolacijskem nosilcu pritrjen s sponkami 27.In FIG. Ib illustrates a heating conductor 18b formed in the form of a mesh flat web of individual conductors 20. This may also be a flat strip of which FIG. Ib and 3 show only one side, which on the other side also shows the outer edge 26 of the individual conductor arches 25 so that the individual conductors 20 pass from connector to connector. This strap may be fastened to the insulating support by clips 27.
Priključek poteka vsakokrat skupno z enim koncem, tako da so vsi posamični vodniki vezani medsebojno vzporedno. Ker ležijo vsi na enakem potencialu, ne vodi dotik med posamičnimi vodniki do kratkega stika, tako da ni njihova pričvrstitev noben velik problem in da ne morejo imeti tudi na mestih križanja nobene bistvene diferenčne napetosti.Each connection is made jointly with one end, so that all the individual conductors are connected in parallel. Since they all lie at the same potential, the contact between the individual conductors does not lead to a short circuit, so that their attachment is no major problem and that they cannot have any significant differential voltage at the junction points.
Posamični vodniki sestojijo iz zlitine železo-krom-aluminij z deležem aluminija približno 5 % in imajo takšen premer in dolžino, da je celotna masa iz posamičnih žic sestoječega grelnega vodnika od priključka do priključka manjša kot 7.10'3 g/W. Pri razporeditvi desetih vzporedno vezanih posamičnih vodnikov v enem sevalnem grelu s premerom 180 mm in nazivno močjo 1700 vatov pri 230 V in površinski obremenitvi 6 W/cm ima grelni vodnik celotno maso 9,1 g in temu ustrezno dolžino vsakega od desetih posamičnih vodnikov 5,12 m, t.j vsoto dolžin posamičnih žic 51,2 m pri premeru žice 0,176 mm.The individual conductors consist of an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy with an aluminum content of approximately 5% and have a diameter and length such that the total mass of the individual wires of the existing heating conductor from connector to connector is less than 7.10 ' 3 g / W. For the arrangement of ten parallel-bonded individual conductors in one radiator 180 mm in diameter and rated at 1700 watts at 230 V and a surface load of 6 W / cm, the heating conductor shall have a total mass of 9.1 g and a corresponding length of each of the ten individual conductors 5, 12 m, ie the sum of the lengths of single wires 51.2 m with a wire diameter of 0.176 mm.
V nasprotju s tem bi dala pri enakem premeru uporaba samo ene žice z 0,817 mm premera maso žice 41,7 g, da bi se doseglo enako površinsko obremenitev, medtem ko bi dale tri žice celotno maso 20,16 g pri premeru približno 0,4 mm. Vidi se torej, da se lahko z izumom pri ohranitvi površinske temperature masa grelnega vodnika bistveno zmanjša, pri čemer se pa premer žice zmanjša in se celotna dolžina posamičnih vodnikov zveča. Dolžina samega grelnega vodnika se sicer ne zveča, če se gleda na dolžino celotnih vodnikov. Medtem ko ima deset posamičnih vodnikov vsak dolžino 5,12 m, bi bila pri enakem primeru posamična žica dolga 11,03 m. Možno je torej, da se uporabi cevast preplet, pri katerem posamične vijačnice ne ležijo tako tesno, kot je to običajno pri grelni vijačnici, tako da je lahko relativno rahla in tvori okrog sebe dovolj prostora, da lahko preseva.In contrast, using only one wire with a 0.817 mm wire mass diameter of 41.7 g would give the same diameter to achieve the same surface load, while giving three wires a total mass of 20.16 g at a diameter of about 0.4 mm. Thus, it can be seen that by maintaining the surface temperature of the invention, the weight of the heating conductor can be significantly reduced, but the diameter of the wire is reduced and the overall length of the individual conductors is increased. The length of the heating conductor itself does not increase by looking at the length of the entire conductors. While the ten individual conductors each have a length of 5.12 m, in the same case the individual wire would be 11.03 m long. It is possible, therefore, to use a tubular twist in which the individual helixes do not lie as tightly as they would normally be with a helix, so that it can be relatively light and allow enough space around it to allow it to sift.
Bistvena prednost mrežate gradnje grelnega vodnika iz posamičnih vodnikov sestoji v tem, da so lahko posamični vodniki sicer relativno tanki, vendar pa s prepletno vezavo pridobijo na stabilnosti in priročnosti. Nadalje se s tem v svojem medsebojnem položaju sami položajno določijo, ne da bi bili za to funkcijo navezani na pritrdilna sredstva. Posebno bistvena prednost je dejstvo, da se posamični vodniki na mestih križanja dotikajo v glavnem samo točkasto, t.j., da lahko prek kar največjega dela svoje celotne dolžine in svojega obsega prosto izsevajo. V nasprotju s pletenico, pri kateri so vodniki na zelo velikem delu svojega obsega usmerjeni drug proti drugem in zaradi tega ne morejo prosto izsevati, je to posebno bistvena prednost. V sl. 2 in 3 prikazane izvedbene oblike so samo primeri. Uporabljajo se lahko vse pletenice, prepleti in tkanine kar najbolj različnih načinov povezave. Posebna prednost je dejstvo, da se z deležem aluminija v zlitini grelnih vodnikov na posamičnih vodnikih tvori oksidna plast, ki ne ščiti samo grelni vodnik pred nadaljnjo oksidacijo, temveč deluje izolirajoče v saj v napetostnem področju, ki lahko sploh nastopi med posamičnimi vodniki, tako da ne nastopa na mestih križanja normalno nobena električna povezava.An essential advantage of the grid construction of the individual conductors is that the individual conductors may be relatively thin, but with interlocking they gain stability and convenience. Furthermore, they position themselves in their mutual position without being attached to this function by means of fasteners. A particularly significant advantage is the fact that the individual conductors at the intersection point are touching mainly only pointwise, ie that they can radiate freely over the largest part of their entire length and circumference. In contrast to the braid, in which the conductors are very much directed at each other and therefore cannot freely radiate, this is a particularly significant advantage. In FIG. 2 and 3 the embodiments shown are examples only. All knits, knits and fabrics can be used in as many different ways as possible. A particular advantage is the fact that the aluminum content in the alloy of the heating conductors on the individual conductors forms an oxide layer, which not only protects the heating conductor from further oxidation, but acts in isolation in the soot in the voltage region, which can occur at all between the individual conductors, so that no electrical connection normally occurs at the intersection points.
Podporni in držalni vijačnici 22, 24 sta lahko, da bi se jih prav tako dovedlo vsakokrat na enak potencial, kot dejanski grelni vodnik, vezani prav tako vzporedno grelnemu vodniku in prevzemata npr. eno desetino celotne moči. Ta delež moči opornih ali držalnih vijačnic se lahko krmili prek ustreznega podaljševalnega faktorja vijačnic, t.j. bolj ali manj tesnega navitja oz. prek nižjih prevodnostnih vrednosti in premera teh vijačnic.The support and retaining screws 22, 24 may, in each case, also be brought to the same potential each time as the actual heating conductor, are also connected in parallel to the heating conductor and take over e.g. one tenth of the total power. This proportion of the strength of the support or retaining screws may be controlled by the corresponding extension factor of the screws, i.e. more or less tight winding or. through the lower conductivity values and the diameter of these helixes.
Pri mrežah grelnih vodnikov so lahko istočasno prioblikovana tudi pritrdilna sredstva, s tem, da se npr. v robnem področju predvidijo navzdol zapognjene zanke ali konice, ki se vtisnejo ali so vložene v material izolacijskega nosilca.For networks of heating conductors, fasteners may also be formed at the same time, eg. provide for looped loops or tips in the edge region which are embossed or inserted into the insulating support material.
Pri vseh tukaj podanih vrednostih, posebno razmerju masa/nazivna moč v g/W je za grelni vodnik predpostavljena opisana zlitina železo-krom-aluminij, ki ima specifično toplotno kapaciteto približno 0,53 kJ/kg.K in sicer kot srednjo vrednost prek področja med 300 in 1100 K (približno 20-800 °C). Ker je razmerje masa/moč odvisno od specifične vrednosti toplotne kapacitete c, se spreminja in sicer obratno proporcionalno k spremembi vrednosti toplotne kapacitete (z 1/c).For all the values given here, especially the mass / nominal power ratio in g / W, the described iron-chromium-aluminum alloy having a specific thermal capacity of about 0.53 kJ / kg is assumed for the heating conductor. 300 and 1100 K (approx. 20-800 ° C). Since the mass / power ratio depends on the specific value of the heat capacity c, it varies inversely proportional to the change in the heat capacity value (by 1 / c).
Tako oblikovan grelni vodnik zavzame žarilno temperaturo v razdobju približno 3 sekund, kar je primer pri približno 1100 K (približno 800 °C), medtem ko naj bi najvišja temperatura bila prek 1300 K (približno 1000 °C), npr. pri približno 1350 K (1050 °C).The so-formed heating conductor occupies the annealing temperature over a period of about 3 seconds, which is the case at about 1100 K (about 800 ° C), while the maximum temperature is expected to be over 1300 K (about 1000 ° C), e.g. at about 1350 K (1050 ° C).
Upoštevati je treba, da se nanaša razmerje masa/moč vedno na nazivno moč dotičnega grelnega vodnika, torej ne na moč, ki je s krmiljenjem ali regulacijo znižana oz. s posebnimi ukrepi kratkotrajno zvišana. Bistvena prednost izuma je, da niso zaradi konfiguracije grelnih vodnikov za občasno spremembo moči potrebni elektronski ali drugi stikalno-tehnični ukrepi. Relativno k svoji masi velika površina tankih, vzporedno vezanih posamičnih vodnikov, ki so lahko žice, pa tudi ploski trakovi, skrbi za ugodne razmere izsevanja, tako da se najvišje dopustne temperature ne prekoračujejo in je zato življenska doba zadostna.It should be borne in mind that the mass / power ratio always refers to the rated power of the respective heating conductor, ie not to the power which is reduced or controlled by control or regulation. by special measures increased short-term. An essential advantage of the invention is that, due to the configuration of the heating conductors, electronic or other switching technical measures are not necessary for the occasional change of power. The relatively large surface area of thin, parallel, single conductors, which can be wires as well as flat strips, ensures favorable conditions of irradiation, so that the maximum permissible temperatures are not exceeded and therefore a sufficient lifetime.
Pri uporabi ploskih žic ali trakov naj bi se po možnosti razmerje med širino in debelino ne bilo manjše kot 10. Izdelujejo se lahko na že opisan način z brizganjem, iz folije ali podobnega. Pri tej izvedbeni obliki je nameščena tako, da prosto izseva, samo približno polovica površine, medtem ko je to pri razporeditvi posamičnih žic, kot je prikazano v levi polovici risbe, daleč večji delež. Pri oblikovanju kot vijačnica, v danih pogojih kot večkratna vijačnica ali kot stoječa ploska žica, se lahko ta odstotni delež še bolj zviša, kar ima prednosti za izsevanje in s tem tudi za specifično površinsko obremenitev površine grelnega vodnika.When using flat wires or strips, the width / thickness ratio should preferably not be less than 10. They may be made by injection molding, foil or the like. In this embodiment, it is positioned to radiate freely, only about half of the surface, while in the arrangement of the individual wires, as shown in the left half of the drawing, it is by far the larger proportion. When designing as a helix, in given conditions as a multiple helix or as a standing flat wire, this percentage can be increased even further, which has advantages for radiation and therefore for a specific surface load on the surface of the heating conductor.
Pripomniti je še treba, da pri mnogih primerih uporabe zadostuje, da se izdela tako, da hitro zažari, samo del celotne moči sevalnega grela. Tako bi bil lahko npr. nameščen grelni vodnik po izumu samo v obročastem področju okoli drugega grelnega vodnika, ki je lahko oblikovan konvencionalno. V tem primeru se nanaša oddaja nazivne moči samo na ustrezno izumu hitro žareče oblikovano delno moč sevalnega grela.It should also be noted that in many applications, it is sufficient to produce only a fraction of the total radiant power of the radiant heater. Thus, e.g. a heating conductor according to the invention is installed only in the annular region around another conventional heating conduit. In this case, the output of the rated power only relates to the fast-radiating formed partial power of the radiant heater according to the invention.
ZaFor
E.G.O. Elektro-Gerate Blanc u.Fischer:E.G.O. Electro-Gerate Blanc u.Fischer:
P F! v'4 s;P F! v'4 s;
Claims (16)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19914137250 DE4137250A1 (en) | 1991-11-13 | 1991-11-13 | Electric radiation heating element for ceramic cooking hob |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| SI9200315A true SI9200315A (en) | 1993-06-30 |
| SI9200315B SI9200315B (en) | 2002-02-28 |
Family
ID=6444662
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| SI9200315A SI9200315B (en) | 1991-11-13 | 1992-11-12 | Electric heating conductor for infrared heating element |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3347780B2 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2824792A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE4137250A1 (en) |
| SI (1) | SI9200315B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2684128B1 (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2019-07-29 | Bsh Electrodomesticos Espana Sa | Home appliance device and procedure for manufacturing a home appliance device |
Family Cites Families (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1094383B (en) * | 1957-08-29 | 1960-12-08 | Backer Electric Company Ltd | Radiant electric heating element |
| DE1565849A1 (en) * | 1966-11-25 | 1970-05-14 | Siemens Elektrogeraete Gmbh | Electric radiant heater |
| JPS4637181Y1 (en) * | 1968-05-18 | 1971-12-22 | ||
| CH514104A (en) * | 1970-08-06 | 1971-10-15 | Electricite Neuchateloise Sa | Electric heating panel |
| JPS5027215B1 (en) * | 1970-11-16 | 1975-09-05 | ||
| SU669497A1 (en) * | 1976-05-03 | 1979-06-25 | Научно-Исследовательский Институт По Переработке Искусственных И Синтетических Волокон | Flexible electric heater |
| US4034206A (en) * | 1976-05-11 | 1977-07-05 | Gould Inc. | Range top element |
| SU729854A2 (en) * | 1976-12-01 | 1980-04-25 | Научно-Исследовательский Институт По Переработке Искусственных И Синтетических Волокон | Flexible electric heater |
| SU839074A1 (en) * | 1979-09-03 | 1981-06-15 | Научно-Исследовательский Институтпо Переработке Искусственных И Син-Тетических Волокон | Flexible electric heater |
| JPS56156297U (en) * | 1980-04-21 | 1981-11-21 | ||
| SU936465A1 (en) * | 1980-04-29 | 1982-06-15 | Предприятие П/Я В-8495 | Heating element for resistive electric heaters |
| SU909801A1 (en) * | 1980-07-08 | 1982-02-28 | Орловский научно-исследовательский институт легкого машиностроения | Flexible electric heater |
| DE3105065A1 (en) * | 1981-02-12 | 1982-08-19 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt | Glass-ceramic hotplate |
| DE8438401U1 (en) * | 1984-09-22 | 1986-04-30 | E.G.O. Elektro-Geräte Blanc u. Fischer, 7519 Oberderdingen | Radiant heaters for kitchen appliances |
| DE3509985A1 (en) * | 1985-03-20 | 1986-10-02 | Kanthal GmbH, 6082 Mörfelden-Walldorf | Electrical resistance heating element |
| FR2580887B1 (en) * | 1985-04-19 | 1989-04-14 | Seb Sa | ELECTRIC RESISTANCE FLAT HEATING ELEMENT AND HEATING ARTICLE COMPRISING SUCH AN ELEMENT |
| DE3545454A1 (en) * | 1985-12-20 | 1987-07-02 | Bosch Siemens Hausgeraete | Heating element for thermal domestic appliances, especially for hotplates |
| DE3623130A1 (en) * | 1986-07-09 | 1988-01-21 | Ako Werke Gmbh & Co | RADIATION HEATING |
| DE3911761A1 (en) * | 1989-04-11 | 1990-10-18 | Ako Werke Gmbh & Co | RADIATION HEATING DEVICE |
-
1991
- 1991-11-13 DE DE19914137250 patent/DE4137250A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1992
- 1992-11-10 AU AU28247/92A patent/AU2824792A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-11-12 JP JP32629692A patent/JP3347780B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-11-12 SI SI9200315A patent/SI9200315B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SI9200315B (en) | 2002-02-28 |
| JP3347780B2 (en) | 2002-11-20 |
| AU2824792A (en) | 1993-05-20 |
| JPH05251164A (en) | 1993-09-28 |
| DE4137250A1 (en) | 1993-05-19 |
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