US3307017A - Electric infrared emitter - Google Patents

Electric infrared emitter Download PDF

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Publication number
US3307017A
US3307017A US379646A US37964664A US3307017A US 3307017 A US3307017 A US 3307017A US 379646 A US379646 A US 379646A US 37964664 A US37964664 A US 37964664A US 3307017 A US3307017 A US 3307017A
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United States
Prior art keywords
tubes
emitter
glass
quartz
radiant heat
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Expired - Lifetime
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US379646A
Inventor
Horstmann Georg
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Heraeus Quarzschmelze GmbH
Heraeus Schott Quarzschmelze GmbH
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Heraeus Schott Quarzschmelze GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H05B3/44—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor arranged within rods or tubes of insulating material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D13/00—Electric heating systems
    • F24D13/02—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to electric infrared emitters of the type which comprises emitter or radiating tubes of quartz glass, quartz ware, or a glass of a high melting point and electric heating coils enclosed within these tubes.
  • Infrared emitters of the above-mentioned type are frequently employed, for example, for room heating and drying purposes.
  • the heating coils lie loosely within the radiating tubes and their position in these tubes is not fixed by any filling material or other securing means.
  • These emitters are employed individually or in the form of two or more of them adjacent to each other, for example, in the form of pairs, the heating coils of which are electrically connected to each other at one end so that the heating coil of one radiating tube serves as the outgoing conductor and the other heating coil as the return conductor of the electric current.
  • All of these infrared emitters are preferably operated in a substantially horizontal position since due to the loose condition of the heating coils within the radiating tubes, the weight of these coils, and the high temperature of operation, there is a considerable danger that the heating coils will sag downwardly and the individual turns of a coil will engage with each other and the coil will therefore burn through within a short time.
  • Another feature of the invention consists in fusing the twisted radiating tubes together at least at certain points along their lines or surfaces of engagement and preferably along their entire length.
  • the present invention also permits the radiating tubes of an infrared emitter to be made of different materials.
  • one radiating tube of an emitter with two tubes may consist of quartz glass, while the other radiating tube may consist of quartz ware.
  • the three dilferent materials, quartz glass, quartz ware, and glass of a high melting point may, of course, also be employed in any other combination with each other.
  • FIGURE 1 shows a perspective view of an infrared emitter with two radiating elements
  • FIGURE 2 shows a perspective view of an infrared emitter with four radiating elements.
  • the infrared emitter according to the invention as illustrated in FIGURE 1 comprises two radiating elements consisting of a pair of individual tubes 1 and 1 of quartz glass, quartz ware, or a glass of a high melting point, and of an electric heating coil 3 or 3' in each of these tubes. These heating coils are electrically connected to each other at one end and one coil thus serves as the outgoing conductor and the other as the return conductor of the electric current by means of which both coils are heated.
  • the two tubes 1 and 1' are twisted together about a common axis 2 like the strands of a rope, and for increasing the solidity of the unit, they are fused together along their entire length, as may be seen particularly at their upper and lower ends.
  • the two tubes consist of the same material, for example, quartz ware.
  • the infrared emitter as illustrated in FIGURE 2 comprises four radiating elements consisting of two pairs of tubes 10, 10 and 10", 10" which are twisted together about a common axis 20 and contain the heating coils 30, 30', 30", and 30", respectively.
  • the two heating coils of each pair are again connected at one end and serve as outgoing and return conductors.
  • one pair of tubes 10 and 10' consists of quartz ware, while the other pair 10" and 10" consists of quartz glass.
  • the infrared emitters according to this invention have the considerable advantage that they may be mounted in any desired position. Due to the continuously changing direction of the twisted radiating tubes, the heating coils are always supported on the inner walls of these tubes even when the emitter unit is mounted in a perpendicular position. There is therefore never any danger that the heating coils might sag and that their individual turns might engage with each other.
  • the individual resistance elements heating coils 3, 3', 30, 30', 30" and 30 each have helical coil outside diameters which are approximately equal to the inside diameters of their respectively associated hollow tubes 1, 1', 10, 10', 10", and 10", so as to minimize shifting of said heating elements relative to their enclosing tubes with changes in attitude thereof. Consequently, the twisting of the aforesaid tubes in combination with the lateral constraint afforded by their inside diameters substantially precludes any movement of the individual coils tending to short circuit their individual turns when the emitter is positioned vertically or in any attitude where the tube twist axis is. inclined to the horizontal.
  • An electric infrared radiant heat emitter which comprises a plurality of elongated hollow tubes twisted together about a common longitudinal axis, said tubes being each made of a material selected from the group consisting of glass, quartz glass, and quartz ware, and a helically coiled electrical resistance heating element disposed within each of said hollow tubes for support thereby and for connection to a source of electricity for energization thereby to generate and emit infrared radiant heat, said heating element having a helical coil outside diameter approximately equal to the inside diameter of its associated tube to minimize shifting of said heating element relative to the tube upon changes in attitude thereof.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Description

Febv2 1%? ,G-r'ZHORSTMANN 3,307,017 ELECTRIC: INFRARED EMITTER Filed July 1, 1964 FIG. 2.
INVENTOR B GEORG HORSTMANN w wwa ATTORNEYS.
United States Patent Claims The present invention relates to electric infrared emitters of the type which comprises emitter or radiating tubes of quartz glass, quartz ware, or a glass of a high melting point and electric heating coils enclosed within these tubes.
Infrared emitters of the above-mentioned type are frequently employed, for example, for room heating and drying purposes. In most of these infrared emitters the heating coils lie loosely within the radiating tubes and their position in these tubes is not fixed by any filling material or other securing means. These emitters are employed individually or in the form of two or more of them adjacent to each other, for example, in the form of pairs, the heating coils of which are electrically connected to each other at one end so that the heating coil of one radiating tube serves as the outgoing conductor and the other heating coil as the return conductor of the electric current. All of these infrared emitters are preferably operated in a substantially horizontal position since due to the loose condition of the heating coils within the radiating tubes, the weight of these coils, and the high temperature of operation, there is a considerable danger that the heating coils will sag downwardly and the individual turns of a coil will engage with each other and the coil will therefore burn through within a short time.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an infrared emitter which overcomes this serious disadvantage of the conventional infrared emitters as described above and which comprises at least two closely adjacent radiating elements, each of which consists of a tube of quartz glass, quartz ware, or a glass of a high melting point and of a heating coil within each of these tubes. According to the invention this object is attained in a very simple manner by twisting the radiating tubes together like a rope about a common axis.
Another feature of the invention consists in fusing the twisted radiating tubes together at least at certain points along their lines or surfaces of engagement and preferably along their entire length.
The present invention also permits the radiating tubes of an infrared emitter to be made of different materials. Thus, for example, one radiating tube of an emitter with two tubes may consist of quartz glass, while the other radiating tube may consist of quartz ware. The three dilferent materials, quartz glass, quartz ware, and glass of a high melting point may, of course, also be employed in any other combination with each other.
The features and advantages of the present invention will become further apparent from the following description of two preferred embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIGURE 1 shows a perspective view of an infrared emitter with two radiating elements; while FIGURE 2 shows a perspective view of an infrared emitter with four radiating elements.
The infrared emitter according to the invention as illustrated in FIGURE 1 comprises two radiating elements consisting of a pair of individual tubes 1 and 1 of quartz glass, quartz ware, or a glass of a high melting point, and of an electric heating coil 3 or 3' in each of these tubes. These heating coils are electrically connected to each other at one end and one coil thus serves as the outgoing conductor and the other as the return conductor of the electric current by means of which both coils are heated. According to the invention, the two tubes 1 and 1' are twisted together about a common axis 2 like the strands of a rope, and for increasing the solidity of the unit, they are fused together along their entire length, as may be seen particularly at their upper and lower ends. In this particular embodiment, the two tubes consist of the same material, for example, quartz ware.
The infrared emitter as illustrated in FIGURE 2 comprises four radiating elements consisting of two pairs of tubes 10, 10 and 10", 10" which are twisted together about a common axis 20 and contain the heating coils 30, 30', 30", and 30", respectively. The two heating coils of each pair are again connected at one end and serve as outgoing and return conductors. In this particular embodiment of the invention, one pair of tubes 10 and 10' consists of quartz ware, while the other pair 10" and 10" consists of quartz glass.
The infrared emitters according to this invention have the considerable advantage that they may be mounted in any desired position. Due to the continuously changing direction of the twisted radiating tubes, the heating coils are always supported on the inner walls of these tubes even when the emitter unit is mounted in a perpendicular position. There is therefore never any danger that the heating coils might sag and that their individual turns might engage with each other.
As can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2, the individual resistance elements heating coils 3, 3', 30, 30', 30" and 30", each have helical coil outside diameters which are approximately equal to the inside diameters of their respectively associated hollow tubes 1, 1', 10, 10', 10", and 10", so as to minimize shifting of said heating elements relative to their enclosing tubes with changes in attitude thereof. Consequently, the twisting of the aforesaid tubes in combination with the lateral constraint afforded by their inside diameters substantially precludes any movement of the individual coils tending to short circuit their individual turns when the emitter is positioned vertically or in any attitude where the tube twist axis is. inclined to the horizontal.
Although my invention has been illustrated and described with reference to the preferred embodiments thereof, I wish to have it understood that it is in no way limited to the details of such embodiments, but is capable of numerous modifications within the scope of the appended claims.
Having thus fully disclosed my invention, what I claim is:
1. An electric infrared radiant heat emitter which comprises a plurality of elongated hollow tubes twisted together about a common longitudinal axis, said tubes being each made of a material selected from the group consisting of glass, quartz glass, and quartz ware, and a helically coiled electrical resistance heating element disposed within each of said hollow tubes for support thereby and for connection to a source of electricity for energization thereby to generate and emit infrared radiant heat, said heating element having a helical coil outside diameter approximately equal to the inside diameter of its associated tube to minimize shifting of said heating element relative to the tube upon changes in attitude thereof.
2. The electric infrared radiant heat emitter according to claim 1 wherein said tubes are fused together along at least one point of engagement along their common longitudinal axis.
3. The electric infrared radiant heat emitter according to claim 1 wherein said tubes are fused together along Patented Feb. 28, 1967v the length of their mutual engagement about said axis.
4. The electric infrared radiant heat emitter according to claim 1 wherein said tubes are made of different materials selected from said group of materials. 7
5. The electric infrared radiant heat emitter according to claim 1 wherein at least two of said resistance heating elements are electrically connected in series.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,119,336 12/1914 Ball 338-268 1,671,592 5/1928 Kercher 2l9-523 4 Whitehouse 174-34 X Babb 17434 X Vanvor 338-28 Macksoud 338268 X Browne 338241 Lefebvre 338-236 FOREIGN PATENTS 6/ 1959 Great Britain.
RICHARD M. WOOD, Primary Examiner.
V. Y. MAYEWSKY, Assistant Examiner.

Claims (1)

1. AN ELECTRIC INFRARED RADIANT HEAT EMITTER WHICH COMPRISES A PLURALITY OF ELONGATED HOLLOW TUBES TWISTED TOGETHER ABOUT A COMMON LONGITUDINAL AXIS, SAID TUBES BEING EACH MADE OF A MATERIAL SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF GLASS, QUARTZ GLASS, AND QUARTZ WARE, AND A HELICALLY COILED ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE HEATING ELEMENT DISPOSED WITHIN EACH OF SAID HOLLOW TUBES FOR SUPPORT THEREBY AND FOR CONNECTION TO A SOURCE OF ELECTRICITY FOR ENERGIZATION THEREBY TO GENERATE AND EMIT INFRARED RADIANT HEAT, SAID
US379646A 1963-07-11 1964-07-01 Electric infrared emitter Expired - Lifetime US3307017A (en)

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DEH0045500 1963-07-11

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GB (1) GB1001922A (en)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3449546A (en) * 1966-06-23 1969-06-10 Xerox Corp Infra-red heater
US3541293A (en) * 1968-10-29 1970-11-17 Ronald Macdonald Muffle furnace
US3543002A (en) * 1968-02-20 1970-11-24 Milletron Inc Quartz heater pack
US3626154A (en) * 1970-02-05 1971-12-07 Massachusetts Inst Technology Transparent furnace
US3627989A (en) * 1969-12-11 1971-12-14 Thermal Quarr Schmelze Gmbh Infrared surface heater
US3678249A (en) * 1970-10-21 1972-07-18 Arc O Vec Inc Heater element
US4034330A (en) * 1974-09-19 1977-07-05 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd. Sheath heater
US20040154721A1 (en) * 2001-11-21 2004-08-12 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Counter rotational layering of ePTFE to improve mechanical properties of a prosthesis
US20120060630A1 (en) * 2010-09-13 2012-03-15 Van Straaten Mark Transfer Line for sampling probe

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0624093B2 (en) * 1984-12-26 1994-03-30 株式会社日立製作所 Heater for indirectly heated cathode
NL8700886A (en) * 1987-04-15 1988-11-01 Philips Nv ELECTRIC COOKING UNIT AND ELECTRIC COOKER EQUIPPED THEREOF.

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1119336A (en) * 1914-08-26 1914-12-01 Frank Wylde Ball Electrical heating unit.
US1671592A (en) * 1925-12-17 1928-05-29 Arthur J Kercher Electrical water heater
US1776484A (en) * 1927-10-24 1930-09-23 Whitehouse Charles Frederic Conduit for electric conductors
US1785403A (en) * 1928-05-02 1930-12-16 Nat Fireproofing Corp Conduit
US2703833A (en) * 1951-12-06 1955-03-08 Heraeus Gmbh W C Resistance thermometer
US2715675A (en) * 1951-08-17 1955-08-16 Michel E Macksoud Portable lamp structure
US2824199A (en) * 1955-04-04 1958-02-18 Acra Electric Corp Electrical heating element
US2844694A (en) * 1954-01-25 1958-07-22 Frederick L Lefebvre Radiant heater and replaceable element therefor
GB815242A (en) * 1956-07-02 1959-06-24 Backer Electric Company Ltd Improvements in or relating to electric heaters

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1119336A (en) * 1914-08-26 1914-12-01 Frank Wylde Ball Electrical heating unit.
US1671592A (en) * 1925-12-17 1928-05-29 Arthur J Kercher Electrical water heater
US1776484A (en) * 1927-10-24 1930-09-23 Whitehouse Charles Frederic Conduit for electric conductors
US1785403A (en) * 1928-05-02 1930-12-16 Nat Fireproofing Corp Conduit
US2715675A (en) * 1951-08-17 1955-08-16 Michel E Macksoud Portable lamp structure
US2703833A (en) * 1951-12-06 1955-03-08 Heraeus Gmbh W C Resistance thermometer
US2844694A (en) * 1954-01-25 1958-07-22 Frederick L Lefebvre Radiant heater and replaceable element therefor
US2824199A (en) * 1955-04-04 1958-02-18 Acra Electric Corp Electrical heating element
GB815242A (en) * 1956-07-02 1959-06-24 Backer Electric Company Ltd Improvements in or relating to electric heaters

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3449546A (en) * 1966-06-23 1969-06-10 Xerox Corp Infra-red heater
US3543002A (en) * 1968-02-20 1970-11-24 Milletron Inc Quartz heater pack
US3541293A (en) * 1968-10-29 1970-11-17 Ronald Macdonald Muffle furnace
US3627989A (en) * 1969-12-11 1971-12-14 Thermal Quarr Schmelze Gmbh Infrared surface heater
US3626154A (en) * 1970-02-05 1971-12-07 Massachusetts Inst Technology Transparent furnace
US3678249A (en) * 1970-10-21 1972-07-18 Arc O Vec Inc Heater element
US4034330A (en) * 1974-09-19 1977-07-05 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd. Sheath heater
US20040154721A1 (en) * 2001-11-21 2004-08-12 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Counter rotational layering of ePTFE to improve mechanical properties of a prosthesis
US7056412B2 (en) * 2001-11-21 2006-06-06 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Counter rotational layering of ePTFE to improve mechanical properties of a prosthesis
US20060195174A1 (en) * 2001-11-21 2006-08-31 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Counter rotational layering of ePTFE to improve mechanical properties of a prosthesis
US7682386B2 (en) 2001-11-21 2010-03-23 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Counter rotational layering of ePTFE to improve mechanical properties of a prosthesis
US20120060630A1 (en) * 2010-09-13 2012-03-15 Van Straaten Mark Transfer Line for sampling probe
US9057669B2 (en) * 2010-09-13 2015-06-16 Mava Aes Nv Transfer line for sampling probe

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GB1001922A (en) 1965-08-18
CH409168A (en) 1966-03-15
FR1396234A (en) 1965-04-16

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