SI8410549A8 - Railway goods wagon - Google Patents

Description

Železniški tovorni vagonRail freight wagon

Področje tehnikeThe field of technology

Izum se nanaša na železniški tovorni vagon s čelnima stenama in fiksno razporejenim osrednjim portalom, z v glavnem revnim nakladalnim dnom in nakladalni prostor prekrivajočima, v zaprtem položaju v eni ravnini ležečima,preko na tekalnih tirnicah tekočih tekalnih kolesc drug nad drugim pomičnima pokrovoma,ki stav svojem zgornjem temenu deljena, opremljena z zglobi in elastičnim prekritjem in 4a za premik iz svojege zapornega položaja v premični položaj dvigljiva in zasukljiv8 s pomočjo upravljalne naprave.The invention relates to a freight wagon with front walls and a fixed centrally located portal, with the main poor loading floor and the loading space overlapping, in a closed position in one plane, via the rolling rails of the rolling wheels above each other with movable covers upper apex divided, provided with joints and elastic overlay, and 4a to move from its lock position to the movable position, liftable and rotatable8 by means of a control device.

- 2 Tovrstne železniške tovorne vagone se uvršča v razred B 61D 17/04 mednarodne razvrstitve patentov.- 2 Rail freight wagons of this type are classified in Class B 61D 17/04 of the International Patent Classification.

Stanje tehnikeThe state of the art

Znsni so železniški tovorni vagoni, pri katerih je nakladalna površina prekrita s pomočjo kot portal izvedenih in teleskopsko drug v drugega potisljivih pokrovov. Ti tovorni vagoni, katerih nakladalno površino se da sprostiti za udoben dostop s strani in od zgoraj po odsekih, služijo pretežno transportu težkega blaga (npr. velikih kolutov pločevine), ki je fiksno držano na nakladalni površini. Za prevoz kosovnega materiala so ti vagoni manj primerni, ker utegne postati pri premiku naloženega materiala oteženo odpiranje pokrovov. Nadalje obstaja pomanjkljivost, da je v zvezi s premikanjem najmanjšega pokrova celotni nakladalni prostor omejen ustrezno dimenzijam tega pokrove.Rail freight wagons are known, in which the loading surface is covered by means of a portal made of telescopic and telescopically sliding lids. These freight wagons, whose loading surface can be released for easy access from the side and from above through the sections, serve mainly the transport of heavy goods (eg large sheets of sheet metal) which are fixedly held on the loading surface. For the transportation of bulky material, these wagons are less suitable as the opening of covers may become difficult when moving loaded material. Furthermore, there is a disadvantage that, with regard to the movement of the smallest cover, the entire loading space is limited appropriately by the dimensions of that cover.

Nadalje so znani železniški tovorni vagoni s fiksno razporejenima čelnima stenama, katerih nakladalna površina je prekrita z na tekalnih kolesih pomičnimi pokrovi, od katerih im8 vsaj eden stenske in strešne odseke, ki so iztakljivi, da lehko tak pokrov premaknejo čez drugega v vzdolžni smeri telesa vozila. Po DT-PS 929 669 je npr. znano zaprto telo vozile zgoraj opisane vrste. Pri tovrstnem telesu vozila obstaja nakladalno površino prekrivajoča konstrukcija iz najmanj dveh v zapornem položaju poravnano drug poleg drugega ležečih pokro vov, ki sta podprta s pomočjo valjev in se ju da zaradi po- 5 enostavitve nakladanja in razkladanja telesa vozila tako potisniti dragega v drugega, da se da glede na smer premikanja teh pokrovov levi ali desni pokrov nakladalne površine povsem sprostiti. Pokrove te znane izvedbe sta pri tem v svojem zgornjem temenu vzdolžno deljena, pri čemer sta polovici vsakega pokrova medsebojno povezani s pomočjo zglobov. Pri tej znani izvedbi so za tekalne valje vsakega pokrova predvidene ločene, vzporedno razporejene tekalne tirnice, na katerih se da pokrova pomikati.Furthermore, freight wagons with fixed spaced front walls are known, the loading surface of which is covered by rolling hinges, of which at least one has wall and roof sections extending to easily move such a cover over the other in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body. . According to DT-PS 929 669, e.g. the known closed body of the vehicle described above. For such a vehicle body, there is a loading surface, an overlapping structure of at least two in the locking position aligned side by side with the supports, which are supported by cylinders, so that they can be pushed over expensively in order to facilitate loading and unloading of the vehicle body. Depending on the direction of movement of these covers, the left or right covers of the loading surface can be completely released. The covers of this known embodiment are longitudinally divided in their upper crown, with the halves of each cover interconnected by joints. In this known embodiment, separate roller rails are provided for the rollers of each cover on which the cover can be moved.

Pomanjkljivo pri tej zneni izvedbi je na eni strani slabo spenjanje pokrovov s škatlo vagona v zapornem položaju pokrovov, teko da morata pri prevozu železniškega tovornega vagona iz naloženega materiala pojavljajoče se vzdolžne sile v celoti prenašati kot upogibne sile čelni steni. Po drugi iA disadvantage of this known embodiment is, on the one hand, the poor coupling of the lids with the wagon box in the closed position of the lids, however, when transporting a railway freight wagon from the loaded material, the longitudinal forces appearing must be fully transmitted as the bending forces of the front wall. For the second and

strani je pri izvedbi pomične naprave pokrovov pomanjkljivo, da je več tekalnih tirnic razporejenih vzporedno druge k drugi in da je treba najmanj en pokrov potisniti za potrebe odpiranja pod drugega, tako da pri nalegan ju naloženega materiale na pokrov lahko pride do težav pri odpiranju tega pokrova.In the construction of the sliding cover device, it is disadvantageous that several running rails are arranged parallel to each other and that at least one cover needs to be pushed to open underneath the other, so that when the materials are loaded on the cover, it may be difficult to open the cover .

Iz DE-OS 2 910 799 je nadalje znano tirnično vozilo z iztakljivimi in pomičnimi pokrovi, pri katerem so pokrovi v svojem zgornjem temenu lahko zasnovani s pasonf iz podajnega materiale, okrog katerega se lahko z namestitvijo pasu nastali polovici pokrove druga proti drugi zavihtita v vnaprej določenem območju. Za premik teh pokrovov je vsakokrat v bližnjem območju vzdolžne strani nakladalnega dna razporejenih v pod nakladalno površino nakladalnega dna ležeči ravnini najmanjDE-OS 2 910 799 further discloses a rail vehicle with folding and sliding lids, in which the lids in their upper crown can be designed with a pasonfoil of feed material around which, by fitting the belt, the half lids formed can be swung against each other in advance specific area. In order to move these covers, in each case, in the proximal region of the longitudinal side of the loading floor, they are arranged in a plane lying at least below the loading surface of the loading floor.

- 4 dvoje nosilnih tirnic za dva ali več pokrovov. Za premik pokrovov se le-te s pomočjo upravljalne naprave dvigne iz njihovega zapornega položaja in se jih zavihti ter premakne preko v zapornem položaju nahajajočega se pokrova. Za sprostitev druge polovice nakladalnega prostora je treba tedaj oba pokrova skupaj premakniti preko prve, pred tem že odprte polovice nakladalnega prostora.- 4 two supporting rails for two or more covers. To move the covers, they are lifted out of their locking position with the help of a control device and rotated and moved over the locking position of the cover. To release the second half of the loading compartment, both covers must then be moved together over the first half of the loading compartment already opened.

Pomenjajivo pri tej znani izvedbi je prav tako spet slabo spenjanje pokrovov s telesom vozila v zaprtem položaju kakor tudi zamotana izvedba upravljalne naprave posameznih pokrovov, ki terja več tekalnih tirnic na vsaki vzdolžni strani vagone in potrebuje delno premik več pokrovov drugega čez drugega.Notable in this known embodiment is again the poor coupling of the covers with the body of the vehicle in the closed position, as well as the complicated design of the control device of the individual covers, which requires more running rails on each longitudinal side of the wagon and requires partial movement of several covers over each other.

Nadaljnja pomanjkljivost te izvedbe je v tem, da zaradi zvijanja pokrova pri njegovi zavihtitvi zaradi manjkajočih zglobov ni zagotovljeno nikakršno nedotikalno premikanje pokrovov.A further disadvantage of this embodiment is that due to the twisting of the lid when it is swiveled due to missing joints, no untouchable movement of the covers is guaranteed.

Iz EP 0011195 je nadalje znan železniški tovorni vagon, ki ima streho in stranske dele, ki vsebujejo vsakokrat najmanj dva premična stenske dela. Ti stenski deli so v zapornem položaju razporejeni v skupni ravnini in so s pomočjo upravljalne naprave, npr. vrtljivo uležajenih vodil, zavihtijivi v pred skupno zaporno ravnino ležečo premično ravnino in so v tej ravnini pomično držani v vzdolžni smeri vozila. Stenski deli so povezani s strešnimi odseki, ki potekajo vsakokrat v dolžini stenskega dela in kot celota tvorijo streho vozila.EP 0011195 further discloses a rail freight wagon having a roof and side members containing at least two movable wall sections. These wall portions are arranged in a common plane in the locking position and are, by means of a control device, e.g. pivotally mounted guides, rotatable in the forward movable plane, and movably held in this plane in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. The wall sections are connected to the roof sections, which extend each time along the wall section and as a whole form the roof of the vehicle.

- 5 Strešni odseki imajo pri v premikalni ravnini nahajajočih se stenskih delih položaj, ki dopušča vzdolžni premik.- 5 The roof sections have wall positions in the displacement plane, allowing for longitudinal movement.

Pomanjkljivost te izvedbe je mnogozglobni sistem takega pokrova, kar potegne za seboj principialne pomanjkljivosti v zvezi z mehkostjo posameznih pokrovov v zapornem položaju in pri njihovem premikanju. Iz tega razloge se pri pričujočem izumu v nadaljnjem ne spuščamo v to izvedbo.The disadvantage of this embodiment is the multi-jointed system of such a cover, which entails the fundamental disadvantages regarding the softness of the individual covers in the locking position and when moving them. For this reason, in the present invention we do not go further into this embodiment.

Tehnični problemA technical problem

Izum rešuje problem, kako pri železniških tovornih vagonih uvodoma definirane vrste prekriti nakladalni prostor s pomočjo pokrovov in kako zasnovati pokrove same ter njihovo upravljalno napravo, da bodo pokrovi v zapornem položaju vsej delno prevajali na čelni steni delujoče vzdolžne sile na spodnje ogrodje železniškega tovornega vagona, da bo upravljalna naprava pokrovov zagotavljala izvirno premikanje posameznih pokrovov vsakokrat drugega čez drugega, da bo upravljalna naprave enostavna in gospodarno zasnovana, da bo zagotovljeno zanesljivo funkcioniranje in da bodo v preostalem odpravljene pomanjkljivosti uvodoma omenjenih, doslej znanih izvedb.The invention solves the problem of how, in the case of railway freight wagons, of a pre-defined type, to cover the loading space by means of lids, and how to design the lids themselves and their control device, so that the lids in the closed position are partially translated on the front wall of the acting longitudinal force on the lower frame of the railway freight wagon, that the lid control device will provide the original movement of the individual covers at each other, that the control devices are simple and economically designed, that they will ensure reliable operation and that the shortcomings of the previously known prior art will be eliminated.

Rešitev problemaSolution to the problem

Po izumu je problem rešljiv s tem, da je s spodnjim og rodjem povezani osrednji portal razporejen brez opor, da je vsak nakladalni prostor med čelno steno in osrednjim portalom prekrivajoči pokrov v zapornem položaju ne svojem, k čelniAccording to the invention, the problem is solved by the fact that the lower boundary is connected to the lower central portal without supports, that each loading space between the front wall and the central portal is an overlapping lid in the locking position, not its own, towards the front

- 6 steni obrnjenem vzdolžnem koncu v vzdolžni smeri oblikosklepno in silosklepno spet s čelno steno, na svojih vzdolžnih straneh spodaj stoji blizu k čelni steni obrnjenega vzdolžnega konca z nasionskimi kosi v smeri čelne stene z zračnostjo pred naslonskim palcem na okviru spodnjega ogrodja železniškega tovornega vagona, v bližini svojega k osrednjemu portalu obrnjenega vzdolžnega konca stoji na svojih vzdolžnih straneh- 6 walls facing the longitudinal end in a longitudinal direction formally and siloscale again with the front wall, on its longitudinal sides below stands close to the front wall of the turned longitudinal end with nasion pieces in the direction of the front wall with a gap in front of the thumb in the frame of the lower rail freight wagon near its central portal facing the longitudinal end stands on its longitudinal sides

I spodaj s skobami v smeri čelne stene z zračnostjo pred dvigalno-varovalnimi palci spodnjega ogrodja in pod njimi, da stoji pokrov preko spodaj na svojih vzdolžnih straneh fiksno razporejenih opornih nog v opornih tirnicah spodnjega ogrodja in da je pokrov s pomočjo upravljalne naprave dvigljiv, zasukljiv in namestljiv iz zapornega položaja s svojmi tekalnimi kolesci na tekalne tirnice v premikalni položaj.I below with brackets in the direction of the front wall, with clearance in front of the lifting-guarding thumbs of the lower frame and below them, that the cover is positioned on the longitudinal sides of the fixed support legs in the support rails of the lower frame and that the cover is liftable, rotatable by means of the control device and adjustable from the locking position with its tread wheels to the treadmill to the shifting position.

S predlagano ureditvijo in zasnovo pokrovov, ki pokrivajo nakladalni prostor, se da te pokrove po izbiri dvigniti in potisniti čez portal kakor tudi čez pokrov, ki se nahaja v zapornem položaju. Prostor znotraj svetlega profila se da optimalno izkoristiti kot nakladalni prostor. V zapornem položaju pokrovov pride do samodejnega spenjanja pokrovov s čelnima stranema in spodnjim ogrodjem v vzdolžni smeri vagona. S tem se pri sunku na odbijača na čelni steni delujoči tlak naloženega materiala v pretežni meri prevede preko pokrovov v spodnje ogrodje železniškega tovornega vagona. Potemtakem je čelna stena lahko lažje izvedbe in povezava le-teWith the proposed arrangement and design of lids covering the loading compartment, these lids can be optionally lifted and slid across the portal as well as over the closed position. The space inside the bright profile can be optimally used as a loading space. In the closing position of the lids, automatic latching of the lids with the front sides and the lower frame in the longitudinal direction of the wagon occurs. Thus, in the case of a bumper impact on the front wall, the effective pressure of the loaded material is mainly transmitted through the covers to the lower frame of the rail freight wagon. Therefore, the front wall can be easier to implement and connect

- 7 s spodnjim ogrodjem enostavnejša. V zapornem položaju stoji pokrov s pomočjo svojih opornih nog v opornih tirnicah spodnjega ogrodja, s čimer so tekalna kolese razbremenjena. Po izumu ima pokrov nadalje v območju spenjanja s čelno steno skoznji vzdolžni nosilec, na katerem so v obliki reber razporejeni do zaključnih profilov vzdolžnih strani vsake polovice pokrove potekajoči fiksni locni. Z razporeditvijo vzdolžnega nosilca v pokrovu v območju njegovega spenjanja s čelno steno se omogoči direkten vnos sile s čelne stene v nosilni sestavni del pokrova. Rebrasti locni med zaključnimi profili vzdolžnih strmi vsake polovice pokrova in vzdolžnim nosilcem zagotavljajo direkten prevod sil iz vzdolžnega nosilca preko locnov v naslonske kose in naslonske palce spodnjega ogrodje.- 7 with the lower frame simpler. In the locking position, the cover is supported by its support legs in the support rails of the lower frame, thereby relieving the tread wheels. According to the invention, the cover further has a longitudinal support in the area of joining with the face wall, on which fixed fixed arches are arranged in the shape of the ribs to the end profiles along the sides of each half of the cover. The arrangement of the longitudinal beam in the lid in the area of its coupling with the front wall enables direct force input from the front wall into the bearing component of the cover. Ribbed arches between the end profiles of the longitudinal steeps of each half of the lid and the longitudinal beam provide direct translation of forces from the longitudinal beam through the arches into the backs and backs of the lower frame.

Vsaka oporna noga in vsaka oporna tirnica so opremljene z ustreznimi, v vzdolžni smeri vagona potekajočimi poševnimi ploskvami, pri čemer so poševne ploskve oporne tirnice pozicionirene v zapornem položaju pokrovov od zunaj s špranjo pred poševnimi ploskvami opornih nog. Poševne ploskve oporne tirnice in opornih nog zagotavljajo centricni uvod pokrova v zapornem položaju in povzročijo podprtje spodnjih vzdolžnih strani pokrova pri od znotraj proti pokrovu nalegajocem naloženem materialu, ne da bi bila ovirana zevihtitev pokrova iz svojega zapornega položaja v premikalni položaj.Each support leg and each support rail are provided with corresponding sloping planes running in the longitudinal direction of the wagon, the sloping supports of the support rails being positioned in the closing position of the covers from the outside by a slit in front of the sloping supports of the support legs. The oblique surfaces of the support rails and the support legs provide a centric introduction of the cover in the locking position and cause the lower longitudinal sides of the cover to support the inside of the restrained material without interfering with the swinging of the cover from its locking position to the moving position.

Vsak pokrov nalega v premikalnem položaju pred svojim zapornim položajem in v zapornem položaju ob elastične naslone čelne stene. Ti elastični nasloni pozicionirajo na eni straniEach cover rests in a movable position in front of its locking position and in the locking position adjacent to the elastic front wall backrests. These elastic backrests are positioned on one side

- 8 pokrov v njegovem premikalnem položaju pred njegovim zapornim položajem in zagotavljajo zračnost med naslonskimi kosi in nasionskimi palci kakor tudi med skobami in dvigalno-varovalnimi palci po naletnem sunku.- 8 cover in its movable position in front of its locking position and provide clearance between the back pieces and the thumbs, as well as between the clamps and the lifting thumbs after the impact.

Vsak pokrov na svoji zunanji strani v območju vzdolžnega nosilca in portal na svoji zunanji strani imata okrog pokončne osi vrtljive vodilne kolute za bočno vodenje premaknjenega pokrova. Pri potisnjenju pokrova lahko pride na osnovi njegove trizglobne zasnove do dotika premikajočega pokrova s portalom ali z v zapornem položaju nahajajočim se pokrovom. Dotikanje za premikanje pripravljenega pokrova s srednjim portalom 8li z v zapornem položaju nahajajočim se pokrovom se odpravi z omenjenimi vodilnimi valji.Each cover on its outer side in the area of the longitudinal beam and the portal on its outer side have a rotating guide disc around the upright axis for laterally guiding the displaced cover. When the lid is pushed, the three-hinged design can cause the lid to move with the portal or with the lid in the lock position. Touching to move the ready cover with the middle portal 8li with the cover located in the lock position is eliminated with the said guide rollers.

Na vsaki vzdolžni strani spodnjega ogrodja je razporejena ena sama, ravna in neprekinjena, po celotni dolžini vagona potekajoča tekalna tirnica, pri čemer sta na vsaki vzdolžni strani vsakega pokrova, kot je zneno, razporejeni spodaj vsaj dve tekalni kolesi fiksno na nogah tekalnih koles, pri čemer je na vsaki nogi tekalnega kolesa fiksno razporejena kratka, čez nogo tekalnega kolesa bočno štrleča pomožna tirnica v vzdolžni smeri vagona. Gradbeno-tehnično prednostna in gospodarna je ureditev ene same, za premikanje obeh pokrovov služeče tekalne tirnice na vsaki vzdolžni strani vagona. Prednostno so nadalje tekalna kolesa pokrovov fiksno razporeje na na pokrovih in nimajo nikakršnih gibljivih zglobnih delov in s tem tudi ne k motnjam podvrženih sestavnih delov.On each longitudinal side of the lower frame there is a single, straight and continuous running rail running along the entire length of the wagon, with at least two running wheels fixed at the bottom of the running wheels at each longitudinal side of the lid being known below. whereby a short, laterally projecting auxiliary rail projecting into the longitudinal direction of the wagon is fixed on each leg of the treadmill. It is technically advantageous and economical to arrange a single treadmill on both sides of the wagon to move both covers. Preferably, the cover rollers are further disposed in a fixed manner on the covers and do not have any movable articulated parts and thus no interference with the exposed components.

- 9 Po izumu vsebuje upravljalna naprava za vsak pokrov na vsaki vzdolžni strani po eno upravljalno gred, ki je vrtljivo uležejena v vzdolžni smeri vagone v spodnjem ogrodju, pri čemer nosi upravljalna gred za vsako nogo tekalnega kolesa fiksno razporejeno oporno roko, na katere prostem koncu je razporejen v vzdolžni smeri vagona vrtljivi oporni valj, ki tako v zapornem položaju pokrova kot tudi v premikalnem položaju pokrova nalega pred njegovim zapornim položajem od spodaj na pomožno tirnico, pri čemer je pokrov s pomočjo uprevijalne gredi zavihtijiv preko oporne roke, opornega valje in pomožne tirnice iz zapornega položaja v premikalni položaj Vsi gibljivi sestavni deli upravljalne naprave so prednostno zaščiteno razporejeni v spodnjem ogrodju železniškega vagona.- 9 According to the invention, the control device for each cover on each longitudinal side has one control shaft rotatably mounted in the longitudinal direction of the wagon in the lower frame, with the control shaft for each leg of the treadmill having a fixed support arm on which the free end a pivoting support roller is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the wagon, which, in the closing position of the cover and in the movable position of the cover, rests against its lower position from the bottom to the auxiliary rail, the cover being pivotable via the support arm, the supporting cylinder and the auxiliary shaft rails from the locking position to the moving position All moving components of the control unit are preferably secured in the lower frame of the railway wagon.

Pri eni od izvedb izuma so na upravljalni gredi blizu vsake oporne roke fiksno razporejene najmanj ene varovalne vilice, ki v zapornem-položaju pokrova in med njegovo zavihtitvijo oklepajo pomožno tirnico. Varovalne vilice verujejo pokrov v zapornem položaju in pri zavihtitvi iz njegovega zapornega položaja v premikalni položaj pred nehotenim dvignjen jem pomožne tirnice z opornih valjev.In one embodiment of the invention, at least one retaining jaw is fixedly mounted on the control shaft near each support arm, which encloses the auxiliary rail in the closing position of the lid and during its rotation. The locking forks believe the cover in the locking position and when swung from its locking position to the moving position before accidentally lifting the auxiliary rail off the support cylinders.

Prednostno so upravljalne gredi vsakega pokrova povezane s pomočjo drogovja, ki izvaja protismerno obračanje premikalnih gredi. Nedelje je po izumu v upravljalno napravo vsa kega pokrova vključena razbremenilna vzmet, ki se v zapornem položaju pokrova napne z lastno silo pokrove pri zavihtitvi.Preferably, the control shafts of each cover are connected by means of a pole which counter-rotates the displacement shafts. On Sunday, according to the invention, a relief spring is included in the control device of all the lid, which in the closing position of the lid is tensioned by its own force of the lid when rotated.

S pomočjo razbremenilne vzmeti se olajša dvignjene in zavihti tev pokrova. Izognemo se zamotanemu, glede na pot zahtevnemu prestavnemu gonilu znotraj upravljalne naprave.With the help of a relief spring, it is easier to lift and swing the cover. Avoid the clutter, depending on the path of the demanding gearbox inside the control unit.

V celoti je po izumu omogočeno, vsakokrat napol povsem odpreti nakladalni pčostor železniškega tovornega vagona, pri čemer konstrukcija pokrove kot v svojem zapornem položaju integrirani sestavni del škatle vagona ugodno vpliva na konstrukcijsko izvedbo vagona, kar se odraža tudi na gospodarnosti Upravljalna naprava pokrova je sestavljena iz maloštevilnih, zaščiteno razporejenih in enostavnih sestavnih delov, ki zagotavljajo zanesljivo zevihtitev in premaknitev pokrova.It is entirely possible according to the invention to fully open the loading gauge of the rail freight wagon at all times, with the cover structure having in its locking position the integrated component of the wagon box having a favorable effect on the wagon's structural design, which is also reflected in the economy. small, securely spaced and simple components that ensure reliable shake-up and displacement of the cover.

Primer izvedbeAn example implementation

Izvedbeni primer izume je v nadaljnjem pojasnjen na osnovi priloženih načrtov, v katerih kaže sl. 1 železniški tovorni vagon po izumu v perspektivni projekciji, sl. 2 pogled od strani na polovico železniškega tovornega vagone po sl. 1 v poenostavljeni predstavitvi, sl. 5 pogled kot na sl. 2 v shematski predstavitvi, sl. 4 prerez po črti IV-IV s sl. 3 v shematski predstavitvi, sl. 5 prerez po črti V-V s sl. 2 z v zapornem položaju nahajajočim se ter z nad njim pomaknjenim odprtim pokrovom v shematični predstavitvi, sl. 6 delni prerez po črti VI-VI s sl. 2, sl. 7 detajl VII s sl. 5 v povečani predstavitvi,The embodiment of the invention is further explained on the basis of the accompanying drawings in which FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a railway freight wagon according to the invention; 2 is a side elevation view of a railway freight wagon according to FIG. 1 in a simplified representation, FIG. 5 is a view as in FIG. 2 in the schematic representation, FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV of FIG. 3 in the schematic representation, FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line V-V of FIG. 2 with the locking position located in the lock position and the open lid moved above it in the schematic representation, FIG. 6 is a partial section along line VI-VI of FIG. 2, FIG. 7 is a detail VII of FIG. 5 in enlarged presentation,

- 11 sl. 8 pogled od spredej ηβ detajl s sl. 7, sl. 9 delni prerez čez spodnje ogrodje železniškega tovornega vagona po sl. 1 z razbremenilno vzmetjo, ter sl. 10 presek čez spodnje ogrodje železniškega tovornega vagona po sl. 1 s prečno vezjo.- 11 fig. 8 is a front view of the ηβ detail of FIG. 7, FIG. 9 is a partial cross-section through the lower rail of a freight wagon according to FIG. 1 with a relief spring, and FIG. 10 is a cross-section through the lower rail of a freight wagon according to FIG. 1 with a cross link.

Nakladalni prostor v načrtu predstavljenega železniškega tovornega vagona se v glavnem omeji s pomočjo nakladalnega dna 2, ki tvori zgornjo stran spodifcga ogrodja 1, končnih čelnih sten 3 in obeh pokrovov 4. V vzdolžni sredini vagona je na spodnjem ogrodju 1 razporejen osrednji portal 5» ki se pne čez nakladalni prostor in je samo spodaj pritrjen na spodnjem ogrodju 1 ter nima nikakršnih ojačitev v vzdolžni smeri vagona niti proti spodnjemu ogrodju 1 niti k čelnima stenama 3.The loading space in the layout of the presented freight wagon is generally limited by the loading floor 2 which forms the upper side of the lower frame 1, the end faces 3 and both covers 4. In the longitudinal center of the wagon, a central portal 5 is arranged which it stumbles across the loading bay and is only secured to the lower frame 1 below and has no reinforcement in the longitudinal direction of the wagon, neither to the lower frame 1 nor to the front walls 3.

V zapornem položaju pokrovov 4 nalegata le-ta s svojima čelnima koncema preko kovinskih labirintnih tesnil 6 z vzdolžno špranjo v kovinski labirintni tesnili 7 čelne stene 3 oz. kovinski labirintni tesnili 8 srednjega portala 5.In the locking position of the lids 4, they rest with their front ends via metal labyrinth seals 6 with a longitudinal lug in the metal labyrinth seal 7 of the front wall 3 or. middle labyrinth gasket 8 middle portal 5.

Pokrov 4 je v svojem preseku izveden ustrezno svetlemu profilu za železniške tovorne vagone. V svojem zgornjem temenu je vsak pokrov 4 vzdolžno deljen, pri čemer sta polovici vsakega pokrova 4 medsebojno zgibno povezani 's pomočjo v vzdolžni osi vagona razporejenih šarnirskih ali sorniških zglobov 9. Ločilno mesto vsakega pokrova 4 je popolnoma prekrito z elastičnim prekritjem 10, ki je na vsaki polovici pokrova 4 tesno pritrjeno.In its cross-section, the cover 4 is made in accordance with the light profile for freight wagons. In its upper apex, each cover 4 is longitudinally split, with the halves of each cover 4 articulated with one another by means of hinged or bolt joints arranged in the longitudinal axis of the wagon 9. The separating position of each cover 4 is completely covered by an elastic overlay 10, which is tightly attached to each half of cover 4.

V višini prehoda pokončnega območja pokrova 4 v njegovo kotno zapognjeno območje je na vsaki strani v pokrovu 4 razporejen od čelnega konca k čelnemu koncu potekajoč vzdolžni nosilec 11, iz katerega izhajajo pravokotno navzgor in navzdol kot rebra oblikovani locni 12, ki so zgoraj in spodaj pri vsaki polovici pokrova 4 tesno priklenjeni k vov doravno razporejenim zaključnim profilom 13 oz. 14. Čelno se vsak pokrov omeji s pomočjo kot profil izvedenih kovinskih labirintnih tesnil 6. Pokrov 4 je v zasnovi iz pločevine ali siceršnjih običajnih materialov.At the height of the passage of the upright region of the cover 4 into its angularly folded area, a longitudinal bracket 11 extends from each end in the cover 4 to the front end towards the front end, from which ribs 12 formed above and below are formed as ribs above and below at each half of cover 4 tightly anchored to the end profiles 13 or 13 respectively. 14. Each lid is limited to the front by means of a profile made of metal labyrinth seals 6. Cover 4 is made of sheet metal or other conventional materials.

Na čelnemu koncu vsakega pokrova 4 je na vsakem vzdolžnem nosilcu 11 razporejene kavljasta spona 15, ki v zapornem položaju pokrova 4 in v premikalnem položaju pokrova 4 nalega pred njegovim zapornim položajem proti elastičnim naslonom 16 čelne stene. V zapornem položaju pokrova 4 obsega spona 15 z zračnostjo na čelni steni 3 v višini prislona 16 razporejeni kevelj 17. Na zaključnem profilu 14 pokrova 4 je razporejenih več navzdol štrlečih opornih nog 18, ki v zapornem položaju pokrova 4 nasedajo na po eni kratki oporni tirnici 19, ki je pritrjena na spodnjem ogrodju 1. Oporna noga 18 in oporna tirnica 19 sta razporejeni v vzdolžni smeri vagona in opremljeni z ustreznimi, v vzdolžni smeri vagona potekajočimi bočnimi poševnimi ploskvami, pri čemer so poševne ploskve oporne tirnice 19 v zapornem položaju pokrova 4 pozicionirane od zunaj, z zračnostjo pred poševnimi ploskvami oporne noge 18.At the front end of each cover 4, a hook clamp 15 is disposed on each longitudinal support 11 which, in the closing position of the cover 4 and in the movable position of the cover 4, is positioned in front of its closing position against the elastic abutments 16 of the front wall. In the closure position of cover 4, a hook 15 is provided with clearance at the front wall 3 at the height of the stop 16. On the closing profile 14 of the cover 4, several projecting support legs 18 are arranged, which in the closure position of the cover 4 sit on one short support rail. 19, which is attached to the lower frame 1. The support leg 18 and the support rail 19 are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the wagon and are provided with corresponding laterally oblique sideways extending along the wagon, with the oblique surfaces of the support rail 19 in the closing position of the cover 4 positioned from the outside, with clearance from oblique surfaces of the support leg 18.

Na zaključnem profilu 14 pokrova 4 je nadalje v bližiniOn the closing profile 14, cover 4 is further adjacent

- 15 njegovega čelnostenskega vzdolžnega konca razporejen po en naslonski kos 20, ki stoji v zapornem položaju pokrova 4 s špranjo pred naslonskim palcem 21, ki je čvrsto razporejen na spodnjem ogrodju 1. V bližini ob portalu nahajajočega se vzdolžnega konca pokrova 4 je na zaključnem profilu 14 trdno razporejena navzdol štrleče vsaj po ena skoba 22, ki je v zapornem položaju pokrova 4 v smeri pripadajoče čelne stene razporejene s špranjo pred in pod posameznim dvigalno-varovalnim palcem 23, ki je razporejen čvrsto na spodnjem Ogrodju 1.- 15 of its frontal longitudinal end disposed one back piece 20, which is in the locking position of the cover 4 with a slit in front of the resting thumb 21, which is firmly arranged on the lower frame 1. In the vicinity of the portal of the longitudinal end of the cover 4 is on the end profile 14, at least one clamp 22 projecting downwards, projecting in the closure position of the cover 4 in the direction of the associated front wall, with a slit in front of and below each lifting bar 23, which is arranged firmly on the lower frame 1.

Pri zaradi naletnega sunka železniškega tovornega vagona povzročenem tlaku naloženega materiala proti notranji strani čelne stene 3 se le-ta elastično vzboči navzven. Vsak kavelj 17 čelne stene naleze pri tem na skobo 15 pokrova 4 in vleče pokrov 4 v smeri čelne stene 3· Pri tej operaciji nalezejo naslonski kosi 20 pokrova 4 na naležne palce 21 spodnjega ogrbdja, s čimer se pojavi silosklepna vez med pokrovom 4 in spodnjim ogrodjem v vzdolžni smeri. S tem se izognemo elastičnemu izkrivljenju čelne stene, čelna stena 3 se po naletnem shnku spet elastično upogne nazaj in pritisne pokrov 4 preko naslonov 16 in kavlja 15 spet v svoj izhodiščni položaj. Pri naletnem sunku se pokrov 4 na svojem, k portalu obrnjenem čelnem ktoncu pridvigne. Skobe 22 pokrova 4 naležejo pri tem proti in pod dvigalno-varovelne pelce 23 spodnjega ogrodja 1 in preprečujejo s tem dvig pokrova 4.Due to the collision of the freight wagon due to the pressure of the loaded material towards the inside of the front wall 3, it is elastically pulled outwards. Each hook 17 of the front wall contacts the bracket 15 of the cover 4 and pulls the cover 4 in the direction of the front wall 3 · In this operation, the back pieces 20 of the cover 4 are applied to the contact thumbs 21 of the lower bracket, thus forming a silo-lock connection between the cover 4 and the lower frame in the longitudinal direction. This avoids the elastic distortion of the front wall, the front wall 3 flexes backwards after the collision joint, and pushes the cover 4 over the backs 16 and hooks 15 back to its starting position. In the event of an impact, cover 4 is raised on its portal-facing front end. The brackets 22 of the cover 4 are thus placed against and below the lifting-guard rails 23 of the lower frame 1 and thus prevent the cover 4 from lifting.

Za premikanje pokrova so ne vsakem zaključnem profiluNot every finishing profile is for moving the lid

- 14 14 v bližini njegovih vzdolžnih koncev fiksno razporejene noge 25 tekalnih koles, ne katerih vzdolžnih konceh je vrtljivo razporejeno po eno tekalno kolo 26. Tekalna kolesa 26 stojijo v premikslnem položaju pokrovov 4 na tekalni tirnici 27» ki je razporejena zunaj fiksno na spodnjem ogrodju 1. Tekalna tirnica 27 je pri tem ravna in neprekinjena in poteka od čelne stene 3 k čelni steni 3· Na vsaki nogi tekalnega kolesa je nadalje fiksno razporejena v vzdolžni smeri vagona kratka, čez nogo tekalnega kolesa štrleča pomožna tir niča 28. Sleherni pokrov 4 se za zavihtitev iz svojega zapornega položaja, v katerem naseda preko opornih nog 18 v opornih tirnicah 19 spodnjega ogrodja 1, pridvigne, razpre in okrog sorniškega zgloba 9 škarjasto navzven zavihti, pri čemer tekalna kolesa 26 nasedejo na tekelne tirnice 2?. To dvignjenje in zavihtitev pokrova 4 se izvrši preko vzdolžno v spodnjem ogrodju vrtljivo uležajenih upravljalnih gredi 29 Za zasuk upravljalne gredi 29 posameznega pokrova je na pripadajoči čelni steni 3 razporejeno vsaj eno ročno kolo 3θ» ki preko gonila 31 zasuka pokončno nevojno vreteno 32. Na navojnem vretenu 32 je uležiščena vretenska matica 33» na kateri so zgibno razporejeni krmilni drogovi 34-, ki so s svo jim drugim koncem zgibno pritrjeni na vzvodu 35» ki je razporejen fiksno na upravljalni gredi 29.- 14 14 near its longitudinal ends fixed feet 25 running wheels, not longitudinally ends of which rotates one runner wheel 26. Running wheels 26 are in the premixed position of the covers 4 on the running track 27 »which is arranged externally fixed on the lower frame 1. The running track 27 is straight and continuous and extends from the front wall 3 to the front wall 3 · There is also a fixed shortitudinal rail running along the foot of the treadmill on each foot of the treadmill. to pivot from its locking position, in which the seat via the support legs 18 in the support rails 19 of the lower frame 1 is raised, opened and pivoted outwardly around the bolt joint 9, with the running wheels 26 seated on the running rails 2 ?. This lifting and rotation of the cover 4 is made via at least one hand wheel 3θ », which is longitudinally rotated through the gear unit 31, to rotate a non-rotating spindle 32 in the lower frame of the rotatably mounted control shaft 29 for rotation of the control shaft 29 of the individual cover. The spindle nut 33 "is mounted on the spindle 32", on which the control rods 34- are articulated, which are pivotally attached to the other end at the lever 35 ", which is fixedly fixed on the control shaft 29.

Zasuk upravljalne gredi 29 se lahko opravi tudi po drugačnem, nepredstavljenem izvedbenem primeru izuma s pomočjo hidravličnega agregata. Seveda je tudi možno, da upravljalni gredi obeh pokrovov povežemo preko s čelne steneThe rotation of the control shaft 29 may also be performed according to a different, unrepresented embodiment of the invention by means of a hydraulic power unit. Of course, it is also possible to connect the control shafts of the two covers via the front wall

- 15 upravljanega hidravličnega agregata in potemtakem oba pokrova lahko po izbiri pridvignemo in zavihtimo navzven z ene čelne strani. Kot je predstavljeno na sl. 1 načrtov, je tudi možno, da na čelni steni 3 v bližini vsake vzdolžne strani vagona razporedimo po eno ročno kolo 3θ in ročni kolesi 3θ medsebojno vrtilno fiksno povežemo s pomočjo primernega veznega elementa.- 15 operated hydraulic power unit, so that both covers can be optionally lifted and swung outwards from one front. As presented in FIG. 1 of the plans, it is also possible to arrange one hand wheel 3θ on the front wall 3 near each longitudinal side of the wagon and connect the hand wheels 3θ to a fixed rotary connection by means of a suitable connecting element.

Upravljalni gredi 29 pokrova 4 vsake vzdolžne strani vegona sta preko fiksno na upravljalnih gredeh razporejenih vzvodov 36 in zgibno na njih razporejenih krmilnih drogov 37 tako medsebojno povezani, da se doseže protismerno vrtenje uprevljalnih gredi 29 pri vrtenju ročnega kolesa 3θ· Z vsako nogo 25 tekalnega kolesa je na upravljalni gredi 29 fiksno razporejena oporna roka 3θ, ki nosi na svojem prostem koncu v vzdolžni smeri vagona vrtljivo oporno kolo 39. Oporno kolo 39 nalega s svojo žlebičasto izvedeno tekalno ploskvijo v zapornem položaju pokrova 4 in v premikalnem položaju pokrova 4 pred svojim zapornim položajem od spodaj na pomožno tirnico 28. Pri zasuku upravljalne gredi 29 v odpiralni smeri pokrova 4 dvigne oporna roka 38 preko opornega kolesa 39 in pomožne tirnice 28 nogo 25 tekalnega kolesa in s tem pokrov 4 ter ga zavihti v premikalni položaj. Da preprečimo zdrs pomožne tirnice 28 z opornega kolesa 39 pri zavihtitvi upravljalne gredi 29, so na upravljalni gredi 29 poleg oporne roke 3θ razporejene varovalne vilice 40, ki s svojim prostim vili- 16 čestim koncem objamejo pomožno tirnico 28 in preprečijo zdrs pomožne tirnice 28 z opornege kolesa 39Primerna in znana sredstve, kot npr. kotalni venci na tekalnih kolesih 26 ali okrog pokončne osi vrtljiva vodilna kolesa preprečujejo zdrs tekalnih koles 26 s tekalne tirnice 27 pri premiku pokrova 4. Nedelje so kot dvižno-varovalno razporejene na nogah 25 tekalnih koles skobe, ki uprijemajo v primerne izreze tekalne tirnice 27 in varujejo pokrov 4 pri premikanju proti dvigu.The control shafts 29 of the cover 4 of each longitudinal side of the veg are connected to each other by means of fixedly mounted control shafts 36 and pivotally mounted control rods 37 so as to achieve counter-rotation of the steering shafts 29 while rotating the handwheel 3θ · With each foot 25 of the wheel there is a fixed support arm 3θ on the control shaft 29, which carries a rotating support wheel 39 at its free end in the longitudinal direction of the wagon. The support wheel 39 is supported by its grooved running surface in the closing position of the cover 4 and in the movable position of the cover 4 in front of its locking position. from the bottom to the auxiliary rail 28. In the rotation of the control shaft 29 in the opening direction of the cover 4, the support arm 38 is lifted over the support wheel 39 and the auxiliary rail 28 by the foot 25 of the impeller, and thereby the cover 4 is rotated to a movable position. In order to prevent the auxiliary rail 28 from slipping from the support wheel 39 when rotating the control shaft 29, a safety fork 40 is arranged on the control shaft 29 in addition to the support arm 3θ, which, with its free fork, 16 often ends the auxiliary rail 28 and prevents the auxiliary rail 28 from slipping. Wheel Supports 39Appropriate and well-known means such as eg rolling wheels on running wheels 26 or around an upright axis, rotating guide wheels prevent the running wheels 26 from sliding off the track 27 when the cover is moved 4. Sundays are mounted on the legs of the 25 running wheels of the bracket, which support the appropriate recesses of the running track 27 and protect cover 4 when moving upwards.

Da preprečimo naleganje za premik predvidenega pokrova med odpiralno operacijo zgoraj na osrednjem portalu 5 ali v zapornem položaju nahajajočega se pokrova 4, so zunaj na vsakem pokrovu 4 in na osrednjem portalu 5 razporejena okrog . pokončne osi vrtljiva vodilna kolesa 41.In order to prevent the cover from being moved during the opening operation above at the central portal 5 or in the closing position of the located cover 4, they are arranged externally on each cover 4 and on the central portal 5. upright axes rotating guide wheels 41.

Na vsaj eni upravljalni gredi vsakega pokrove je fiksno razporejen nadaljnji vzvod 42, na katerega prostem koncu je razporejena razbremenilna vzmet 43, ki je s svojim drugim koncem pritrjena na spodnjem ogrodju 1. Pri zavihtitvi pokrova 4 iz svojega premikalnega položaja v svoj zaporni položaj se razbremenilna vzmet napne s pomočjo lastne teže pokrova 4 in s tem podpre odpiralno operacijo za pokrov 4.On at least one control shaft of each cover, a further lever 42 is fixed, at which an unloading spring 43 is disposed at its free end, which is secured at its lower end by its other end 1. When the cover 4 is rotated from its movable position to its locking position, it is relieved. the spring is tensioned by its own weight of the cover 4, thus supporting the opening operation for the cover 4.

Navedba o najboljšem prijavitelju znanem načinu za gospodarskoAn indication of the best applicant known method for economic

Izkoriščanje prijavljeneg a izumaUtilization of the claimed invention

Izum zadeva področje, ki je v mnogo aspektih opredelje no z mednarodnimi dogovori in konvencijami, kar pomeni, da je mnogo smernic obligatornih. Tako lahko ugotovimo, da razen kon strukcijskih značilnosti, ki so predstavljene in opisane v prijavnih podlogah, nadalje tehničnih znanj, ki so v domeni šolskega izobraževanja in praktičnih izkušenj, ter slednjič zgoraj omenjenih mednarodno zavezujočih smernic le težko najdemo še kak izvedbeni napotek, ki bi izrazito prispeval h gospodarnemu izkoriščanju izuma.The invention relates to an area which is in many respects defined by international agreements and conventions, which means that many guidelines are binding. Thus, it can be concluded that, apart from the structural features presented and described in the application forms, further technical knowledge in the field of school education and practical experience, and the last of the internationally binding guidelines mentioned above, it is difficult to find any further implementation guidance that would has made a significant contribution to the economical exploitation of the invention.

Tudi za SFRJ so obvezne med drugimi smernice glede tehnične izvedbe predmetnih železniških vagonov, kot jih je od leta 1922 sem izdala UIC (Union Internationale des Chemins de Fer) oz. njena podorganizacija ORE (Office de Recherches et d’Essais; alternativno: Organisation des Recherches et des Etudes).For the SFRY, there are also mandatory guidelines for the technical implementation of the subject wagons, as issued by the UIC (Union Internationale des Chemins de Fer) since 1922. its sub-organization ORE (Office de Recherches et d'Essais; alternatively: Organization des Recherches et des Etudes).

Morebitni uporabnik izuma si mora pred realizacijo le-tega priskrbeti omenjene smernice, katerih obseg mnogokratno presega obseg opisa predmetnega izuma.A prospective user of the invention must obtain the aforementioned guidelines prior to its realization, the scope of which is many times greater than the scope of the description of the present invention.

Claims (9)

PATENTNI ZAHTEVKIPATENT APPLICATIONS 1. Železniški tovorni vagon s čelnima stenama in fiksno razporejenim osrednjim portalom» z v glavnem ravnim nakladalnim dnom ter z nakladalni prostor prekrivajočima, v zapornem položaju v eni ravnini ležečima in preko na tekalnih tirnicah tekočih tekalnih koles drug nad drugim premičnima pokrovoma, ki sta v svojem zgornjem temenu deljena in opremljena z zglobi ter elastičnim prekritjem ter za premikanje iz njunega zapornega položaja v premikalni položaj dvigljiva in zavihtljiva navzven s pomočjo upravljalne naprave, označen s tem, da je fiksno s spbdnjim ogrodjem (1) povezani osrednji portal (5) neojačano razporejen, da je sleherni_fnakladalni prostor med čelno steno (3)in osrednjim portalom (5) prekrivajoči pokrov (4) v zapornem položaju na svojem čelnostenskem vzdolžnem koncu oblikosklepno in silosklepno spet s čelno steno (3), na svojih vzdolžnih straneh spodaj blizu čelnostenskega vzdolžnega konca stoji z naslonskimi kosi (20) v smeri čelne stene (3) z zračnostjo pred nasionskimi palci (21) na okviru spodnjega ogrodja (1) železniškega tovornega vagona, v bližini svojega, k pcfrtalu obrnjenega vzdolžnega konca stoji s svojima vzdolžnima stranema spodaj s skobami (22) v smeri čelne stene (3) z zračnostjo pred in pod dvigalno varovalnimi palci (23) spodnjega ogrodja (1), da je pokrov (4) nad spodaj na svojih vzdolžnih straneh fiksno razporejenimi1. A railway freight wagon with front walls and a fixed central portal »in the main flat loading floor and with a loading space overlapping, in a locking position in one plane and across the running rails of the rolling wheels above each other in movable covers the upper apex divided and provided with joints and an elastic overlay, and to move from their locking position to a movable position, liftable and pivotable outward by means of a control device, characterized in that it is fixedly fixed to the bottom frame (1) by a connected central portal (5) , that each _f loading space between the front wall (3) and the central portal (5), the overlapping lid (4) in the locking position at its frontal longitudinal end is formally and siloscale again with the front wall (3) on its longitudinal sides below the frontal wall the longitudinal end stands with the support pieces (20) in the direction of the front wall (3) from the air in front of the axial thumbs (21) on the frame of the lower frame (1) of the freight wagon, in its proximity to the pcfrtal facing longitudinal end, with its longitudinal sides below, with brackets (22) in the direction of the front wall (3) with clearance in front and below the lifting guard (23) of the lower frame (1), so that the cover (4) is fixed above its lower sides on its longitudinal sides - 11 opornimi nogami (18) postavljen v opornih tirnkda(19) spodnjega dgrodja (1) in da je pokrov (4) s pomočjo upravljalne neprave (29 - 40) dvigljiv, zavihtljiv navzven in odstavljiv iz zapornega položaja s svojimi tekalnimi kolesi (26) na tekalni tirnici (27).- 11 support legs (18) are mounted in the support thorns (19) of the lower axle (1) and that the cover (4) is liftable, swivel outwards and detachable from the locking position with its running wheels (26) by means of the control bracket (29 - 40) ) on the tread (27). 2. Železniški tovorni vagon po zahtevku 1, označen s tem, da ima pokrov (4) v območju spone s čelno steno (3) skoznji vzdolžni nosilec (11), na katerem so rebtasto vse do zaključnih profilov (13 in 14) vzdolžnih strani vsake polovice pokrova (4) fiksno razporejeni locni (12).Rail freight wagon according to claim 1, characterized in that the cover (4) has a longitudinal support (11) in the region of the clamp with the front wall (3), on which they are ribbed up to the end profiles (13 and 14) along the sides each half of the lid (4) has a fixed spaced arch (12). 3. Železniški tovorni vagon po zahtevkih 1 in 2, označen s tem, da je vsaka oporna noga (18) in vsake oporna tirnica (19) opremljena z ustreznimi, v vzdolžni smeri vagona potekajočimi poševnimi ploskvami, pri čemer so poševne ploskve opornih tirnic (19) v zapornem položaju pokrovov (4) pozicionirane od zunaj z zračnostjo pred poševnimi ploskvami, opbrnih nog (18).Rail freight wagons according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that each support leg (18) and each support rail (19) is provided with corresponding sloping planes extending along the wagon, the oblique surfaces of the supporting rails ( 19) in the closed position of the covers (4) positioned from the outside with the clearance from the oblique surfaces, the abutting legs (18). 4. Železniški tovorni vagon po zahtevkih 1 do 3, označen s tem, da vsak pokrov (4) nalega v premikalnem položaju pred svojim zapornim položajem in v zapornem položaju prOti elastičnim naslonom (16) čelne stene (3)·Rail freight wagon according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that each cover (4) is in a movable position in front of its locking position and in the locking position against the elastic backrest (16) of the front wall (3). 5. Žlezeniški tovorni vagon po zahtevkih 1 do 4, označen s tem, da ima vsak pokrov (4) na svoji zunanji strani v območju vzdolžnega nosilca (11) in osrednji portal (5) na svoji zunanji strani okrog pokončne osi vrtljiva vodilna kolesa (41) za bočno vodenje premaknjenega pokrova (4).Railway freight wagon according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that each cover (4) has rotating guide wheels (11) on its outer side in the area of the longitudinal carrier (11) and a central portal (5) around its upright axis (5). 41) for laterally guiding the displaced cover (4). - 20- 20 6. Železniški tovorni vsgon po zahtevkih 1 do 5, označen s tem, da je na vsaki vzdolžni strani spodnjega ogrodja (1) razporejena ena sama ravna in neprekinjena, po celotni dolžini vagona potekejoča tekalna tirnica (27) in da sta na vsaki vzdolžni strani vsakega pokrova (4), kot je znano, razporejeni spodej vsej dve tekalni kolesi (26) na fiksnih nogah (25) tekelnih koles, pri čemer je na vsaki nogi (25) tekalnega kolesa fiksno razporejena kratka, čez nbgo (25) tekalnega kolesa bočno štrleča pomožna tirnica (28) v vzdolžni smeri vagona.Rail freight lift according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a single straight and continuous running track (27) runs along each longitudinal side of the lower frame (1) and that there are running rails (27) along each longitudinal side each cap (4), as it is known, arranged at the bottom of all two running wheels (26) on the fixed legs (25) of the running wheels, with a short, fixed over each running leg (25) of the running wheel arranged on each leg (25) laterally projecting auxiliary rail (28) in the longitudinal direction of the wagon. 7. Železniški tovorni vagon po zahtevkih 1 do 6, označen s tem, da upravljalna naprava (29 - 40) za vsak pokrov (4) obsega na vsaki vzdolžni strani vagona po eno upravljalno gred (29), ki je vrtljivo uležajens v vzdolžni smeri vagona v spodnjem ogrodju (1), da nosi upravljalne gred(29) za vsako nogo (25) tekalnega kolesa fiksno razporejeno oporno roko (38), ne hetere prostem koncu je razporejeno v vzdolžni smeri vagona vrtljivo oporno kolo (39), ki tako v zapornem položaju pokrova (4) kot tudi v ptemikalnem položaju pokrova (4) nalega pred njegovim zapornim položajem od spodaj proti pomožni tirnici (28), pri čemer je pokrov (4) s pomočjo upravljalne gredi (29) preko oporne roke (38),opornega valja (39) in pomožne tirnice (28) zavihtijiv iz zapornega položaja v premikalni položaj.Rail freight wagon according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the control device (29 - 40) for each cover (4) comprises on each longitudinal side of the wagon one control shaft (29) which is rotatably mounted in the longitudinal direction the wagon in the lower chassis (1) to carry the control shaft (29) for each leg (25) of the treadmill with a fixed spacer arm (38), not in the open end is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the wagon a rotating support wheel (39), which thus in the closing position of the lid (4) as well as in the ptemical position of the lid (4), it rests in front of its closing position from the bottom towards the auxiliary rail (28), the lid (4) being supported by the control shaft (29) via the support arm (38) , the support roller (39) and the auxiliary rail (28) swivel from the locking position to the moving position. 8. Železniški tovorni vagon po zahtevkih 1 do 7, označen s tem, da so na upravljalni gredi (29) blizu vsake oporne roke (38) fiksno razporejene vsaj ene varnostne vilice (40), ki v zapornem položaju pokrova (4) in med njegovo zavihti tvi jo oklepajo pomožno tirnico (28).Rail freight wagon according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at least one safety fork (40) is fixed on the control shaft (29) near each support arm (38), which in the locking position of the lid (4) and between its twisted tweets encircle it with the auxiliary rail (28). 9. Železniški tovorni vagon po zahtevkih 4 do 8, oznecen s tem, da sta upravljalni gredi (29) vsakega pokrova (4) povezani s pomočjo protismerno obračanje upravljalnih gredi (29) povzročujočega drogovja (vzvode 36 in krmilnega droga 37)·Rail freight wagon according to claims 4 to 8, characterized in that the control shafts (29) of each cover (4) are connected by a counter-rotation of the control shafts (29) of the inductive rod (levers 36 and the steering column 37). 40. Železniški tovorni vagon po zahtevkih 4 do 9» označen s tem, da je v upravljalno napravo (29 - 40) vsakega pokrova (4) vključena razbremenilna vzmet (43), ki je napenljiva s pomočjcr lastne teže pokrova (4) pri zavihtitvi v njegov zaporni položaj.Rail freight wagons according to claims 4 to 9 », characterized in that a relief spring (43) is included in the control device (29 - 40) of each cover (4), which is flexible by means of its own weight of the cover (4) when swiveled to his prison position. 44. Železniški tovorni vagon po zahtevkih 4 do 40, označen s tem, da ima upravljalna naprava (29 - 40) za vsak pokrov (4) vsaj eno na pripadajoči čelni steni (3) razporejeno ročno kolo (30), z njim povezano gdnilo (34), vijačno vreteno (32) z vretensko matico (33) in med upravljalno gredjo (29) in vretensko matico (33) razporejene vzvode 05) in krmilne drogove (34-).Rail freight wagon according to claims 4 to 40, characterized in that the control device (29 - 40) for each cover (4) has at least one hand wheel (30) disposed therewith associated with the rotating wheel (34), helical spindle (32) with spindle nut (33) and spaced nuts 05) and control rods (34-) between control shaft (29) and spindle nut (33).