SI23841A - Construction element for wooden wall and ceiling construction and method of manufacturing - Google Patents
Construction element for wooden wall and ceiling construction and method of manufacturing Download PDFInfo
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- SI23841A SI23841A SI201200339A SI201200339A SI23841A SI 23841 A SI23841 A SI 23841A SI 201200339 A SI201200339 A SI 201200339A SI 201200339 A SI201200339 A SI 201200339A SI 23841 A SI23841 A SI 23841A
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- ribs
- lamellae
- cross
- glued
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Links
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 18
- 239000011090 solid board Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims 13
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009408 flooring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009417 prefabrication Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
- E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
- E04B5/12—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with wooden beams
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
- E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
- E04C2/296—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and non-metallic or unspecified sheet-material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
- E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)
- Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
Abstract
Gradbeni element za lesene stenske in stropne konstrukcije ter metoda izdelave rešuje problem enostavno izvedljivega gradbenega elementa, ki je zasnovan na leseni križno lepljeni masivni plošči (18), sestavljeni iz plasti zunanjih lamel (2) in (4) ter iz poljubnega števila vmesnih plasti notranjih lamel (3, 4, 5), z vertikalnimi rebri (1) ali (1, 1') v razmaku nameščenimi med zunanje lamele (2), v poljubnem zaporedju. V prekate med rebri (1) ali (1,1') je lahko vstavljeno izolacijsko polnilo (19), vse skupaj pa lahko zapira prekrivna plošča (20). Vertikalna rebra (1) ali/in (1') so za prednapete izvedbe gradbenih elementov ukrivljena v tangencialni smeri vzdolžne osi za poljubno razdaljo (X). Zadnja plast zunanjih lamel (2) z vmesnimi vertikalnimi rebri (1) in (1') je na predhodno plast notranjih lamel (3) lepljena in položena prednostno istočasno in v celoti ter v danem zaporedju in v sklopu tudi stisnjena v stiskalnici, skupaj z ostalimi plastmi lamel (3, 4, 5) križno lepljene masivne plošče (18).The building element for wooden wall and ceiling constructions and the manufacturing method solve the problem of an easily feasible building element based on a wooden cross-laminated solid board (18), consisting of layers of outer slats (2) and (4) and any number of intermediate layers of internal lamellas (3, 4, 5), with vertical ribs (1) or (1, 1 ') spaced between the outer lamellas (2), in any order. An insulating filler (19) can be inserted in the compartments between the ribs (1) or (1.1 '), and the cover plate (20) can be closed all together. The vertical ribs (1) and / or (1 ') are curved in the tangential direction of the longitudinal axis for any distance (X) for prestressed versions of the building elements. The rear layer of outer slats (2) with intermediate vertical ribs (1) and (1 ') is glued to the previous layer of inner slats (3) and placed preferably simultaneously and completely and in a given sequence and assembly also pressed in the press, together with other layers of slats (3, 4, 5) cross-glued solid boards (18).
Description
GRADBENI ELEMENT ZA LESENE STENSKE IN STROPNE KONSTRUKCIJE TER METODA IZDELAVECONSTRUCTION ELEMENT FOR WOODEN WALL AND CEILING STRUCTURES AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING
Predmet izumaThe subject of the invention
Predmet izuma je gradbeni element za lesene stenske in stropne konstrukcije ter metoda izdelave, oziroma je natančneje lesena križno lepljena masivna plošča s prečno vstavljenimi, običajnimi ali prednapetimi rebri ter metoda njene izdelave. Gradbeni elementi po izumu so uporabni gradnjo lesenih sten in/ali stropov pri novogradnjah, kot tudi za sanacijo obstoječih zgradb, vključno s protipotresno utrditvijo.The object of the invention is a construction element for wooden wall and ceiling structures and a method of manufacture, or more specifically a wooden cross-glued solid board with transversely inserted, conventional or prestressed ribs and a method of its manufacture. The building elements of the invention are useful for the construction of wooden walls and / or ceilings in new buildings, as well as for the rehabilitation of existing buildings, including earthquake hardening.
Izum je po mednarodni patentni klasifikaciji uvrščen v E04C 2/38, E04C 2/34 in dodatno v E04C 2/296.According to the international patent classification, the invention is classified in E04C 2/38, E04C 2/34 and additionally in E04C 2/296.
Tehnični problemA technical problem
Tehnični problem, ki ga rešuje izum je, kako zasnovati takšen izolirani gradbeni element lesenih stenskih in stropnih konstrukcij, ki ga bo mogoče v celoti izdelati znotraj enovite kontinuirane faze tehnološkega procesa in prednostno iz enakega tipa lesenih desk, ki bo zasnovan na križno lepljeni masivni plošči in, ki bo z vstavljenimi običajnimi al· prednapetimi oziroma ukrivljenimi reori uporaben za montažno gradnjo lesenih stropnih medetaž, z vstavljenimi običajnimi oziroma ravnimi rebri pa za montažno gradnjo lesenih sten, pri čemer bo lahko ob vgradnji križno lepljena masivna plošča locirana na zunanji ali notranji strani stene oziroma stropa, postopek predhodne izdelave in sestave gradbenega elementa pa bo enostaven, hiter in cenovno ugoden.The technical problem solved by the invention is how to design such an insulated building element of wooden wall and ceiling structures, which can be completely made within a single continuous phase of the technological process and preferably from the same type of wooden boards, which will be based on cross-glued solid board and, which with ordinary or pre-stressed or curved slats inserted, will be useful for the prefabricated construction of wooden ceiling floors, and with the inserted prefabricated or straight ribs, for the prefabricated construction of wooden walls, whereby, when installed, a cross-glued solid panel may be located on the outside or inside. walls and ceilings, and the pre-fabrication and assembly process of the building element will be easy, fast and affordable.
Znano stanje tehnikeThe prior art
Po dokumentu EP 2 360 327 je predstavljen gradbeni element za stenske in stropne sisteme. V masivno leseno ploščo so z ene strani, oziroma z enim daljšim robom pritrjena ojačevalna lesena rebra, ki so z nasprotnim robom vstavljena v utor nosilne letve, vmes pa je vgrajeno izolacijsko polnilo. Stojine reber so lahko izvedene neprekinjeno ali prekinjeno, pri čemer so ojačitve na koncih reber vedno neprekinjene. Žlebovi v masivni leseni plošči so profilirani in enake širine kot lesena rebra, katerih robovi so prav tako profilirani. Prečni profil žlebov je napram prečnemu profilu robov zrcalne izvedbe, eni in drugi pa so prednostno rezkani. Masivna plošča in ojačevalna rebra se izdelajo ločeno in neodvisno eni od drugih, nakar sledi spajanje reber s ploščo. Spoj med leseno masivno ploščo in lesenimi ojačevalnimi rebri je izveden preko predhodno že omenjenih rezkanih profiliranih žlebov in robov. Oblika profiliranih žlebov in robov je takšna, da omogoča spajanje ojačevalnih reber v masivno ploščo tako, da preprečuje njihov izvlek. Iz dokumenta ni zaznati ali so rebra v žlebovih tudi lepljena. Slednje lahko predstavlja slabost tega spoja, ki ima za posledico drsen stik med ploščo in rebri, s čimer je onemogočena polna medsebojna interakcija. Pomanjkljivost te rešitve je tudi v tem, da predvideva uporabo enosmerno lepljenih lesenih masivni plošč, s čimer je omogočena obtežba lesenih masivnih plošč zgolj v vzdolžni smeri, glede na njihovo glavno orientacijo. Nadaljnje je slabost tudi v tem, da je vsaka od sestavnih komponent izdelana iz drugačnega lesnega proizvoda, katerih karakteristike se med sabo razlikujejo. Slabost tega sistema predstavlja tudi sama njegova izvedba, ki poteka v več zaporednih in nekontinuiranih tehnoloških fazah. Najprej se ločeno rezkajo profilirani žlebovi v masivno leseno ploščo in ločeno profilirani robovi na ojačevalnih rebrih, kot tudi utori v nosilnih letvah. V zadnji fazi se v določenem zaporedju vsi ti sestavni deli spojijo skupaj. Pomanjkljivost tega sistema je tudi v tem, da zasnova ojačevalnih reber takšna, da ne omogoča vgradnjo gradbenega elementa z masivno ploščo spodaj in z rebri zgoraj, v primeru statičnih in/ali požarnih zahtev.According to EP 2 360 327, a building element for wall and ceiling systems is presented. In the solid wooden panel, reinforcing wooden ribs are attached to one side, or with one longer edge, which are inserted at the opposite edge into the groove of the supporting lath and an insulating filler is inserted between them. The ribs of the ribs can be made continuously or intermittently, with the reinforcements at the ends of the ribs always being continuous. The grooves in the solid wood panel are profiled and the same width as the wooden ribs, the edges of which are also profiled. The transverse profile of the grooves is opposite to the transverse profile of the edges of the mirror embodiment, with one and the other being preferably milled. The solid plate and reinforcement ribs are made separately and independently of one another, followed by the joining of the ribs to the plate. The joint between the solid wood panel and the wooden reinforcement ribs is made through the previously mentioned milled profiled grooves and edges. The shape of the profiled grooves and edges shall be such as to allow the reinforcement ribs to be joined to the solid plate in such a way as to prevent their being pulled out. The document does not detect whether the ribs in the grooves are also glued. The latter may be a disadvantage of this joint, which results in sliding contact between the plate and the ribs, thereby preventing full interaction with each other. The disadvantage of this solution is that it provides for the use of uniquely glued wooden solid boards, which allows the loading of wooden solid panels only in the longitudinal direction, depending on their main orientation. Another disadvantage is that each of the components is made of a different wood product whose characteristics differ from one another. Another disadvantage of this system is its implementation, which takes place in several sequential and continuous technological stages. First, the profiled grooves are cut into solid wood panels and the edges are profiled separately on the reinforcement ribs, as are the grooves in the supporting slats. In the last phase, all these components are joined together in a certain order. The disadvantage of this system is that the design of the reinforcement ribs is such that it does not allow the installation of a building element with a solid slab below and with the ribs above, in case of static and / or fire requirements.
Iz dokumenta GB 2 450 359 je znana konstrukcija večslojne izolacijske plošče, izvedena kot kombinacija lesenih nosilnih slojev in izolacijskih slojev, kot na primer toplotnih, zvočnih in požarnih slojev. Plošče so kombinirane na relativno poljuben način, strižna povezava med mehkejšimi izolacijskimi plastmi pa je izvedena s prečnimi lesenimi rebri, ki so v zgornjo in spodnjo ploščo vstavljena skozi njim prilagojene in predhodno izdolbene žlebove. Žlebovi so poljubne globine ter enake oblike in širine, kot so vzdolžni robovi vanje vstavljenih in zalepljenih lesenih reber. Nosilni leseni spoji praviloma vedno nastopajo na obeh skrajnih koncih oziroma licih večslojne plošče. Slabost te rešitve je zlasti izvedba v več zaporednih nekontinuiranih tehnoloških fazah, ki se izraža zlasti v tem, da so posamezni sloji, letve in prečna rebra izdelani vsak zase, neodvisno en od drugega ter v zadnji fazi proizvodnje med sabo spojeni v izbranem zaporedju. Njena pomanjkljivost je tudi v tem, da ne predvideva in ne omogoča izvedbe odprte konstrukcije z vidnimi rebri na eni strani. To ima za posledico, da naknadna izbira vrste in debeline izolacije na terenu ni mogoča. Ker je večslojna plošča zasnovana tako, da so njeni zunanji sloji vedno nosilni, na teh pozicijah ni mogoča uporaba mehkejših, konstrukcijsko nenosilnih slojev, ki omogočajo večjo paropropustnost. Zaradi tega obstaja pri ploščah z zaprto izolacijo v jedru možnost pojava kondenzacije vlage na sredini elementov, ki zaradi nezadostnega izhlapevanja vodi v propadanje lesa. Iz tega razloga ta znana rešitev ni najbolj primerna za zunanje stene ali za strešne plošče na zgradbah.GB 2 450 359 discloses the construction of a multilayer insulation board made as a combination of wooden support layers and insulation layers, such as heat, sound and fire layers. The panels are combined in a relatively arbitrary manner, and the shear connection between the softer insulating layers is made with transverse wooden ribs inserted into the upper and lower panels through the grooved and previously carved grooves. The grooves are of any depth and are of the same shape and width as the longitudinal edges of the wooden ribs inserted and glued. As a rule, load-bearing wooden joints always appear at the two extremities or faces of the multilayer board. The disadvantage of this solution is, in particular, the implementation in several consecutive continuous technological phases, which is especially due to the fact that the individual layers, laths and transverse ribs are made individually, independently of one another and in the last stage of production interconnected in a selected sequence. Its disadvantage is that it does not anticipate or allow the construction of an open structure with visible ribs on one side. This results in the inability to select the type and thickness of the insulation in the field. As the multilayer panel is designed so that its outer layers are always load-bearing, it is not possible to use softer, more structural, non-load-bearing layers in these positions to allow for greater vapor permeability. Because of this, in the case of panels with closed insulation in the core, moisture condensation can occur in the middle of the elements, which, due to insufficient evaporation, leads to wood deterioration. For this reason, this well-known solution is not best suited for exterior walls or roof tiles on buildings.
Po dokumentu US 4,329,827 je predstavljen strešni element, ki je kombinacija lesene vezane plošče, lesenih T profilov in jeklene pločevine ter vmesne izolacije. Namenjen je za prekrivanje streh, ne pa tudi za stene in medetaže zgradb. Njegova slabost je v tem, da zahteva izvedbo v več zaporednih nekontinuiranih tehnoloških fazah, saj se vse komponente izdelajo neodvisno ena od druge. Temu sledi njihovo spajanje, pri katerem se leseni nosilci na zgornji tlačni strani spojijo z vezano leseno ploščo in to z lepilom ali v kombinaciji lepila in žebljev. Vmes se vstavi izolacija, na spodnjo stran elementa pa se namesti tanka jeklena pločevina, ki ne prispeva k nosilnosti strešnega elementa. Njegova uporaba je eksplicitno omejena na strešne konstrukcije, pri katerih jeklena pločevina na spodnji strani sicer nudi negorljivo površino, ne pa tudi potrebne izoliranosti v primeru požara. Praktično vodi k hitremu vžigu notranjih lesenih reber. Njegova slabost je nadalje v tem, da zaradi vitkosti konstrukcijskih elementov in odsotnosti konstrukcijske vloge jeklene pločevine, ni primeren za izvedbo stenskih in stropnih elementov.U.S. Patent No. 4,329,827 discloses a roof element that is a combination of wooden plywood, wooden T profiles and sheet steel, and intermediate insulation. It is intended for roof covering but not for walls and floors of buildings. Its disadvantage is that it requires execution in several consecutive continuous technological phases, since all components are manufactured independently of one another. This is followed by their joining, in which the wooden supports on the upper pressure side are joined with a plywood board, either with glue or in combination of glue and nails. Insulation is inserted in between and a thin sheet of steel is installed on the underside of the element, which does not contribute to the load-bearing capacity of the roof element. Its use is explicitly limited to roof structures in which the steel sheet on the underside offers a non-combustible surface but does not provide the necessary insulation in the event of fire. Practically leads to rapid ignition of internal wooden fins. Its disadvantage is that, due to the slenderness of the structural elements and the absence of the structural role of the steel sheet, it is not suitable for the execution of wall and ceiling elements.
Skupna značilnost vseh predhodno opisanih znanih rešitev stenskih in stropnih gradbenih elementov je v tem, da ne predvidevajo uporabo križno lepljenih masivnih plošč, da so izdelani iz različnih lesnih proizvodov, da ne omogočajo vgradnje elementov oziroma plošč z odprtimi rebri zgoraj, da je zaradi zaprte izolacije možen pojav kondenzacije vlage in s tem propadanje lesa in, da njihova izdelava temelji na več zaporednih in med sabo neodvisnih proizvodnih fazah, ki ne omogočajo kontinuiranega tehnološkega procesa.A common feature of all previously known known solutions of wall and ceiling construction elements is that they do not envisage the use of cross-glued solid boards, that they are made of different wood products, that they do not allow the installation or elements with open ribs above, that due to closed insulation the possible occurrence of moisture condensation and thus the degradation of wood and that their production is based on several successive and mutually independent production phases that do not allow for a continuous technological process.
Zaradi predhodno opisanih pomanjkljivosti in slabosti znanih rešitev gradbenih elementov za lesene stenske in stropne konstrukcije na zgradbah, obstaja potreba po ustreznejših gradbenih elementih, ki jih bo mogoče izdelati znotraj ene same kontinuirane tehnološke faze proizvodnega procesa in iz enega tipa lesa in, ki bodo uporabni kot gradbeni elementi lesenih sten in medetaž, vključno za protipotresno sanacijo obstoječih zgradb.Due to the previously described disadvantages and disadvantages of the known solutions of building elements for wooden wall and ceiling structures on buildings, there is a need for more suitable building elements that can be produced within a single continuous technological phase of the production process and from one type of wood and which will be used as wooden wall construction elements and flooring, including for earthquake rehabilitation of existing buildings.
Rešitev tehničnega problemaThe solution to a technical problem
Opisani tehnični problem je rešen z gradbenim elementom za lesene stenske in stropne konstrukcije s pripadajočo metodo izdelave, katerega značilnost je v tem, da je zasnovan kot križno lepljena lesena masivna plošča s pravokotnimi prečnimi ojačevalnimi rebri in ga je mogoče izdelati znotraj ene same kontinuirane tehnološke faze proizvodnega procesa. Glede na namen uporabe so lahko ojačevalna rebra tudi prednapeta. Gradben element po izumu je izveden iz ene vrste lesa, brez nujno potrebne dodatne strojne obdelave posameznih delov. Zasnova ojačevalnih reber je takšna, da v primeru medetažnih konstrukcij omogoča obračanje gradbenega elementa na način, da je lahko spodnja stran masivna in so rebra obrnjena navzgor ter obratno. Gradbeni element je prednostno izveden kot odprta konstrukcija, katere križno lepljena lesena masivna plošča omogoča razne obtežbe v vzdolžni in prečni smeri, odvisno od njene glavne orientacije.The described technical problem is solved with a construction element for wooden wall and ceiling structures with the associated method of manufacture, characterized in that it is designed as a cross-glued wooden solid board with rectangular reinforcing ribs and can be made within a single continuous technological phase production process. Depending on the purpose of use, the reinforcement ribs may also be prestressed. The construction element of the invention is made of one type of wood, without the necessary additional machining of individual parts. The design of the reinforcement ribs is such that, in the case of inter-storey structures, it allows the construction element to be turned in such a way that the underside can be massive and the ribs face up and vice versa. The building element is preferably constructed as an open structure whose cross-glued solid wood panel allows various loads in the longitudinal and transverse directions, depending on its main orientation.
Podrobneje bo bistvo izuma pojasnjeno z opisom izvedbenih primerov prikazanih na priloženih risbah, na katerih prikazuje sl. 1 gradbeni element po izumu iz 5-slojne križno lepljene plošče z rebri, vmesno toplotno in zvočno izolacijo ter prekrivno ploščo, v ortogonalni projekciji;In more detail, the essence of the invention will be explained by the description of embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings, in which Figs. 1 is a construction element according to the invention of a 5-layer cross-laminated panel with ribs, intermediate thermal and acoustic insulation and an overlay panel, in orthogonal projection;
sl. 2 3-slojno križno lepljeno ploščo v aksonometrični projekciji, prvi izvedbeni primer;FIG. Fig. 2 3-layer cross-glued plate in axonometric projection, first embodiment;
sl. 3 3-slojno križno lepljeno ploščo z nekoliko širšimi rebri, drugi izvedbeni primer;FIG. 3 3-layer cross-laminated panel with slightly wider ribs, second embodiment;
sl. 4 5-siojno križno lepljeno ploščo, tretji izvedbeni primer;FIG. 4 5-sided cross-laminated board, third embodiment;
sl. 5 5-slojno križno lepljeno ploščo z dvodelnimi rebri, četrti izvedbeni primer;FIG. 5 5-layer cross-laminated board with two-part ribs, fourth embodiment;
sl. 6 5-slojno križno lepljeno ploščo, peti izvedbeni primer;FIG. 6 5-layer cross-laminated board, fifth embodiment;
sl. 7 5-slojno križno lepljeno ploščo, šesti izvedbeni primer;FIG. 7 5-layer cross-laminated panel, sixth embodiment;
sl. 8 3-slojno križno lepljeno ploščo s prednapetimi rebri v aksonometrični projekciji, sedmi izvedbeni primer; in sl. 9 shematski prikaz kontinuiranega postopka izdelave lesene križno lepljene masivne plošče z rebriFIG. Fig. 8 A 3-layer cross-glued panel with prestressed ribs in axonometric projection, seventh embodiment; and FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of a continuous process of manufacturing a wooden cross-laminated solid ribbed panel
Gradbeni element po izumu je prednostno najmanj 3-slojne ali večslojne izvedbe, katerega križno lepljeno masivno ploščo 18 sestavljajo lesene zunanje lamele 2 in 4 ter lesene notranje lamele 3 in 5, pri čemer so med in pravokotno na zunanje lamele 2 nameščena lesena rebra 1, ki so med sabo razmaknjena za širino vmesnih zunanjih lamel 2 tako, da v nizu tvorijo vmesne prekate, v katere se lahko vstavi izolacijsko polnilo 19, vse skupaj pa lahko na strani reber 1 zapira prekrivna plošča 20. Gradbeni element po izumu je lahko izveden tudi brez prekrivne plošče 20 in/ali izolacijskega polnila 19. Kot rečeno lamele 2, 3, 4 in 5 skupaj tvorijo križno lepljeno masivno ploščo 18, število njihovih plasti pa je poljubno.The building element of the invention is preferably at least 3-layer or multilayer construction, the cross-glued solid panel 18 of which consists of wooden outer lamellae 2 and 4 and wooden inner lamellae 3 and 5, with wooden ribs 1 and perpendicular to the outer lamellae 2, spaced apart from each other by the width of the intermediate outer lamellae 2 so as to form a series of intermediate chambers in which an insulating fill 19 may be inserted, and the cover plate 20 may be closed together on the side of the ribs 20. The building element of the invention may also be constructed without covering plate 20 and / or insulating filler 19. As mentioned, the lamellae 2, 3, 4 and 5 together form a cross-glued solid plate 18, and the number of layers is arbitrary.
Slojevitost lesenih križno lepljenih masivnih plošč 18 je lahko poljubna saj velja, da si izmenjujoče sledijo sloji iz lesenih lamel 2, 4 in 5, ki praviloma potekajo v smeri lesenih reber 1 in sloji iz lesenih lamel 3, ki potekajo pravokotno na vzdolžno os reber 1. Skupno število slojev je, ob upoštevanju predhodno navedenega izmenjujočega niza lamel 2, 3, 4 in 5, odvisno od želene debeline križno lepljene masivne plošče 18. Pri tem velja, da se lahko sloji zunanjih lamel 2 in 4, ki potekajo v smeri reber 1, podvajajo. Pod skrajnima slojema zunanjih lamel 2, na strani reber 1 in zunanjih lamel 4 na nasprotni strani, lahko nastopi notranji sloj lamel 5, ki prav tako poteka v smeri reber 1.The layering of wooden cross-laminated solid boards 18 may be arbitrary, since it is said that the layers of wooden lamellae 2, 4 and 5, which generally extend in the direction of the wooden ribs 1 and the layers of wooden lamellae 3, extend perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the ribs 1 The total number of layers, taking into account the previously mentioned alternating set of lamellae 2, 3, 4 and 5, depends on the desired thickness of the cross-laminated solid plate 18. In this case, the layers of outer lamellae 2 and 4 extending in the direction of the ribs may be considered. 1, duplicate. Below the extreme layers of the outer lamellae 2, on the side of the ribs 1 and the outer lamellae 4 on the opposite side, there may be an inner layer of the lamellae 5, which also extends in the direction of the ribs 1.
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Rebra 1 so prednostno oblike daljšega, nekoliko tanjšega kvadra a velja, da so lahko poljubnih dimenzij ter tudi drugačnih oblik in, da mora biti višina reber 1 večja od njihove debeline.The ribs 1 are preferably of the shape of a longer, slightly thinner square, but they are said to be of arbitrary dimensions as well as of different shapes and that the height of the ribs 1 must be greater than their thickness.
Pri lesenih križno lepljenih masivnih ploščah 18, ki se uporabijo za stene zgradbe, se raster in prečni preseki reber 1 prilagodijo tipu izolacijskega polnila 19, ki se lahko med rebra 1 vstavlja bodisi v ploščah ali pa se mednje vpiha.In the case of wooden cross-glued solid panels 18 used for the walls of the building, the raster and cross-sections of the ribs 1 are adapted to the type of insulating fill 19, which can be inserted between the ribs 1 or inserted into the panels.
Ravno tako se prilagodi tudi število in širina zunanjih lamel 2 ploskovno položenih v prvem zunanjem sloju na strani reber 1.Also, the number and width of the outer lamellae 2 are laid flat in the first outer layer on the side of the ribs 1.
Rebra 1, vse plasti zunanjih lamel 2 in 4 ter notranjih lamel 3 in 5, so lahko iz masivnega lesa oblike ene lamele omejene dolžine ali križno lepljenega lesa, enosmerno lepljenega lesa, ali LVL.Ribs 1, all layers of outer lamellae 2 and 4 and internal lamellae 3 and 5, may be of solid wood of the shape of a single lamella of limited length or of cross-laminated wood, unidirectionally glued wood, or LVL.
Rebra 1 so lahko izdelana iz enega kosa lesa poljubne debeline, lahko pa so sestavljena iz več tanjših podolgovatih lesnih elementov 1, 1.1 1.n, kar je prikazano na sl. 5.The ribs 1 may be made of one piece of wood of any thickness, but may consist of several thinner elongated wood elements 1, 1.1 1.n, as shown in FIG. 5.
Lamele 2, 3, 4 in 5 so lahko poljubnih širin in debelin.Lamellae 2, 3, 4 and 5 can be of any width and thickness.
Za vse, v nadaljevanju opisane izvedbene primere lesenih križno lepljenih masivnih plošč 18 z rebri 1 po izumu velja, da so rebra 1 in lamele 2, 3, 4 in 5 izdelane iz lesa, prednostno lesa iste vrste, so pa lahko v nekaterih specifičnih primerih izvedeni iz lesa različnih vrst.For all the embodiments described below, of solid wood cross-laminated panels 18 with ribs 1 according to the invention, the ribs 1 and lamellae 2, 3, 4 and 5 are said to be made of wood, preferably wood of the same type, but may be in some specific cases made of wood of different kinds.
Za primer rabe križno lepljenih masivnih plošč 18 za medetaže zgradbe praviloma potekajo rebra 1 v njeni daljši smeri, torej vzdolž zgradbe, za nižje stenske elemente pa rebra 1 potekajo prečno oziroma v smeri višine stene. Za stene zgradbe se križno lepljene masivne plošče 18 prednostno izvedejo z ravnimi rebri 1, ki niso prednapeta, za gradnjo medetaž oziroma stropov pa križno lepljene masivne plošče 18 s prednapetimi rebri 1, kar je prikazano na sl. 8. V nekem drugem izvedbenem primeru, ki pa ni prikazan, so lahko gradbeni elementi izvedeni iz kombinacije prednapetih in neprednapetih reber 1, če napetosti in obremenitve to zahtevajo.In the case of the use of cross-laminated solid panels 18 for the floors of the building, as a rule, the ribs 1 extend in its longer direction, that is, along the structure, and for the lower wall elements, the ribs 1 extend transversely or in the direction of the height of the wall. For the walls of the building, the cross-glued solid boards 18 are preferably made with flat ribs 1 which are not prestressed, and for the construction of floors or ceilings the cross-glued solid boards 18 with the prestressed ribs 1, as shown in FIG. 8. In another embodiment not shown, the building elements may be made of a combination of prestressed and prestressed ribs 1 if stresses and loads so require.
Sestava lesene križno lepljene masivne plošče 18 iz lamel 2, 3, 4, 5 in reber 1 je izvedena znotraj ene same neprekinjene faze tehnološkega procesa, torej v kontinuiranem postopku izdelave, ki bo opisan v nadaljevanju.The composition of the wooden cross-glued solid board 18 of lamellae 2, 3, 4, 5 and ribs 1 is carried out within a single continuous phase of the technological process, that is, in the continuous manufacturing process, which will be described below.
Na sl. 1 je prikazan gradbeni element po izumu, ki ga tvorijo 5-slojna križno lepljena masivna plošča 18 z vertikalnimi lesenimi rebri 1, izolacijsko polnilo 19 in lesena prekrivna plošča 20. Križno lepljena masivna plošča 18 je zgrajena iz dveh slojev zunanjih lamel 2 in 4, med katerima se nahajata dva sloja notranjih lamel 3, ki obdajata sloj notranjih lamel 5. Rebra 1 se nahajajo med sosednjima zunanjima lamelama 2 in so znotraj iste križno lepljene masivne plošče 18 prednostno enake višine, debeline in dolžine. Rebra 1 potekajo vzporedno v isti smeri in so med sabo razmaknjena za razdaljo širine ene ali več zunanjih lamel 2 tako, da tvorijo vmesne prazne prekate, v katere se kasneje vstavi ustrezno izolacijsko polnilo 19. V smeri reber 1 potekajo zunanje lamele 2 in 4 ter notranje lamele 5, pravokotno nanje pa potekajo notranje lamele 3 v obeh slojih. Križno lepljeno masivno ploščo 18 na strani reber 1 lahko pokriva prekrivna plošča 20. Kot že rečeno, je križno lepljena masivna plošča 18 z rebri 1 izdelana v enkratnem kontinuiranem postopku zlaganja, lepljenja in stiskanja. Izolacijsko polnilo 19 in prekrivna plošča 20 se vgradita naknadno.In FIG. 1 shows a construction element of the invention formed by a 5-layer cross-glued solid panel 18 with vertical wooden ribs 1, an insulating fill 19, and a wooden overlay panel 20. The cross-glued solid panel 18 is constructed from two layers of outer lamellae 2 and 4, between which are two layers of inner lamellae 3 which surround the layer of inner lamellae 5. The ribs 1 are located between adjacent outer lamellae 2 and are preferably of the same height, thickness and length within the same cross-glued solid plate 18. The ribs 1 extend in parallel in the same direction and are spaced apart by the width of one or more outer lamellae 2 so as to form intermediate voids into which later the corresponding insulating filler 19 is inserted. External lamellae 2 and 4 extend in the direction of the ribs 1 and inner lamellae 5 and perpendicularly extending inner lamellae 3 in both layers. The cross-glued solid plate 18 on the side of the ribs 1 can be covered by the overlay plate 20. As stated above, the cross-glued solid plate 18 with the ribs 1 is made in a single continuous process of folding, gluing and pressing. The insulating fill 19 and the cover plate 20 are retrofitted.
Z vidika nosilnosti križno lepljene masivne plošče 18 z rebri 1 so zelo pomembne lepljene stične površne. Tako so za gradbeni element po izumu pri medsebojnem lepljenju plasti lamel 2, 3, 4 in 5 najbolj pomembne nosilne, praviloma večje stične površine 7, 12, 13, 14, 15, in 17, ki morajo biti medsebojno lepljene. Pri tem gre za stične površine 7 med zunanjimi lamelami 2 in notranjimi lamelami 3, za površine 12 med rebri 1 v primeru njihove dvo ali večslojne izvedbe, dalje za površine 13 med notranjimi lamelami 3 in 5, za površine 14 med notranjimi lamelami 3 in zunanjimi lamelami 4, za površine 15 med zunanjimi lamelami 4 in notranjimi lamelami 5, za površine 16 med rebri 1 in notranjimi lamelami 5 in za površine 17 med zunanjimi lamelami 2 in notranjimi lamelami 5. Glavna stična površina reber 1 z ostalimi sloji lamel 2, 3, 4 in 5 je preko ožje stične površine 6, ki nalega na predhodni sloj notranjih lamel 3. Rebra 1 so lahko med prvi sloj ploskovno položenih zunanjih lamel 2 lepljena tudi preko stranske stične površine 8, pri čemer pa ta stik ne predstavlja primarnega prenosa strižnih napetosti v jedro križno lepljene masivne plošče 18. Ožje stične površine 9, 10, 11 in 16 so prav tako lahko lepljene, vendar v konstrukcijskem smislu niso pomembne, saj niso nosilne, kar velja tudi za stranske stične površine 8 med zunanjimi lamelami 2 in rebri 1. Opisano je prikazano v nizu slik in sicer od sl. 2 do vključno sl. 7. Vrsta lepila je lahko poljubna, pri čemer morajo karakteristike lepila ustrezati namenu uporabe gradbenega elementa.From the point of view of the load-bearing capacity of the cross-glued solid plate 18 with ribs 1, glued joints are very important. Thus, for the building element of the invention, the layers of lamellae 2, 3, 4 and 5 are most important for the adhesive bonding of the lamellae layers 2, 3, 4 and 5, generally larger contact surfaces 7, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 17, which must be glued to each other. These are the contact surfaces 7 between the outer blades 2 and the inner blades 3, the surfaces 12 between the ribs 1 in the case of their two or more layers, then the surfaces 13 between the inner blades 3 and 5, and the surfaces 14 between the inner blades 3 and the outer ones blades 4, for surfaces 15 between outer blades 4 and inner blades 5, for surfaces 16 between ribs 1 and inner blades 5 and for surfaces 17 between outer blades 2 and inner blades 5. Main joint surface of ribs 1 with other layers of blades 2, 3 , 4 and 5 are through the narrower contact surface 6, which rests on the previous layer of the inner lamellae 3. The ribs 1 may also be glued to the lateral contact surface 8 during the first layer of the flatly laminated outer lamellae 2, but this contact does not represent the primary shear transfer. stresses in the core of cross-laminated solid boards 18. The narrower contact surfaces 9, 10, 11 and 16 may also be glued, but in the structural sense they are not important, since they are not load-bearing, such as r also applies to the lateral contact surfaces 8 between the outer blades 2 and the ribs 1. This is illustrated in the series of figures from FIG. 2 to incl. 7. The type of adhesive may be of any type and the characteristics of the adhesive must be appropriate for the purpose of using the construction element.
Za izvedbeni primer 3- slojne križno lepljene masivne plošče 18 z rebri 1 iz sl. 2 je značilno, da so zunanje lamele 2 in zunanje lamele 4, ki potekajo v smeri reber 1, na obeh straneh križno lepljene masivne plošče 18 enake debeline, ki je nekoliko večja od debeline vmesnih notranjih lamel 3, ki potekajo pravokotno na rebra 1. Opisano velja izključno za ta izvedbeni primer in ni pravilo za ostale izvedbe gradbenega elementa.For the embodiment of the 3-layer cross-glued solid plate 18 with ribs 1 of FIG. 2, characterized in that the outer lamellae 2 and the outer lamellae 4 extending in the direction of the ribs 1 are of equal thickness on both sides of the cross-laminated solid sheet 18, which is slightly larger than the thickness of the intermediate internal lamellae 3 extending perpendicularly to the ribs 1. The above applies exclusively to this embodiment and is not the rule for other constructions.
Za izvedbeni primer 3- slojne križno lepljene masivne plošče 18 z rebri 1 iz sl. 3 je značilno, da je debelina reber 1 precej večja od debeline zunanjih lamel 2 in 4 ter notranjih lamel 3, ki tvorijo leseno križno lepljeno masivno ploščo 18.For the embodiment of the 3-layer cross-glued solid plate 18 with ribs 1 of FIG. 3 is characterized in that the thickness of the ribs 1 is much larger than the thickness of the outer lamellae 2 and 4 and the inner lamellae 3, which form a wooden cross-glued solid plate 18.
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Na sl. 4 je prikazana 5- slojna lesena križno lepljena masivna plošča 18 z rebri 1, katere značilnost je v številčnem zaporedju zunanjih lamel 2 in vmesnih reber 1, ki je v danem izvedbenem primeru 2:1. Zaporedje torej sestavljata dve soležni lameli 2, eno rebro 1 in zopet dve soležni lameli 2 in se ciklično ponavlja po celotni širini križno lepljene masivne plošče 18, v kateri so zunanje lamele 4 in notranje lamele 5, ki potekajo v smeri reber 1, različnih širin. Različnih dimenzij so lahko tudi notranje lamele 3 v obeh plasteh, ki potekajo pravokotno na smer reber 1. V obravnavanem primeru so različne debeline.In FIG. 4 shows a 5-layer wooden cross-glued solid panel 18 with ribs 1, characterized in the numerical sequence of outer lamellae 2 and intermediate ribs 1, which in the present embodiment is 2: 1. Therefore, the sequence consists of two tabs 2, one rib 1 and again two tabs 2 and is repeated cyclically over the entire width of the cross-laminated solid plate 18, in which the outer lamellae 4 and the inner lamellae 5 extend in the direction of the ribs 1, of different widths . The inner lamellae 3 in the two layers extending perpendicularly to the direction of the ribs 1 may also be of different dimensions. In the present case, the thicknesses are different.
Naslednji izvedbeni primer iz sl. 5 prikazuje 5- slojno križno lepljeno masivno ploščo 18 z rebri 1,1', katere značilnost je v številčnem zaporedju zunanjih lamel 2 in vmesnih reber 1, ki je v danem izvedbenem primeru 1:2. Zaporedje sestavljata ena lamela 2, soležni rebri 1 in 1' dvoplastne izvedbe in nato zopet ena soležna lamela 2. Zaporedje se ciklično ponavlja po celotni širini križno lepljene masivne plošče 18, v kateri zunanje lamele 4 in 2 ter notranje lamele 5 potekajo v smeri sestava reber 1 in Γ, dočim notranje lamele 3 v obeh slojih potekajo pravokotno na omenjeni sestav.The following embodiment of FIG. 5 shows a 5-layer cross-glued solid plate 18 with ribs 1,1 ', characterized by a numerical sequence of outer lamellae 2 and intermediate ribs 1, which in the present embodiment is 1: 2. The sequence consists of one lamella 2, the recessed ribs 1 and 1 'of the double layer and then again the single lamella 2. The sequence is repeated cyclically over the entire width of the cross-laminated solid plate 18, in which the outer lamellae 4 and 2 and the inner lamellae 5 extend in the direction of composition ribs 1 and Γ, the inner lamellae 3 in both layers extend perpendicularly to said assembly.
Na sl. 6 je prikazan izvedbeni primer 5- slojne križno lepljene masivne plošče 18 z rebri 1, katere značilnost je v tem, da je orientacija oziroma lega krajnih dveh slojev zunanjih lamel 4, notranjih lamel 5 in zunanjih lamel 2, ki vse potekajo v smeri reber 1, enaka. Pravokotno na rebra 1 potekajo le notranje lamele 3 v sloju med zunanjimi lamelami 2 in notranjimi lamelami 5, pri čemer so lamele 2 in lamele 5 v pripadajočih slojih med seboj nekoliko zamaknjene, da stične površine 9 in 11 med posameznimi lamelami 2 in 5 ne sovpadajo po vertikali.In FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of a 5-layer cross-glued solid plate 18 with ribs 1, characterized in that the orientation or position of the end two layers of the outer lamellae 4, the inner lamellae 5 and the outer lamellae 2, all extending in the direction of the ribs 1 , the same. Only the inner lamellae 3 in the layer between the outer lamellae 2 and the inner lamellae 5 extend perpendicularly to the ribs 1, the lamellae 2 and the lamellae 5 in the respective layers being slightly offset so that the joint surfaces 9 and 11 do not coincide between the individual lamellae 2 and 5. vertically.
Naslednji izvedbeni primer 5- slojne križno lepljene masivne plošče 18 z rebri 1 je prilazan na sl. 7. Njegova značilnost je v tem, da je orientacija soležnih spojev zunanjih lamel 2 in notranjih lamei 5 na strani reber 1 enaka. Pravokotno na * w · rebra 1 potekajo le notranje lamele 3 v sloju med zunanjimi lamelami 4 in notranjimi lamelami 5, pri čemer so lamele 4 in lamele 5, ki skupaj z zunanjimi lamelami 2 potekajo v smeri reber 1, v pripadajočih slojih med seboj nekoliko zamaknjene tako, da stične površine 9 in 11 med posameznimi lamelami 4 in 5 ne sovpadajo po vertikali.The following embodiment of a 5-layer cross-laminated solid panel 18 with ribs 1 is illustrated in FIG. 7. Its characteristic is that the orientation of the joints of the outer lamellae 2 and the inner lamellae 5 on the side of the ribs 1 is the same. Perpendicular to * w · ribs 1, only the inner lamellae 3 in the layer between the outer lamellae 4 and the inner lamellae 5 extend, with the lamellae 4 and the lamellae 5 extending in the direction of the ribs 1 together with the outer lamellae 2 in the respective layers offset so that the contact surfaces 9 and 11 do not coincide vertically between the individual lamellae 4 and 5.
Značilnost na sl. 8 prikazanega 3- slojnega izvedbenega primera križno lepljene masivne plošče 18 z rebri 1 je v tem, da so rebra 1 prednapete izvedbe. Pri tem načinu so rebra 1 v nevtralni obliki predhodno nekoliko ukrivljena v tangencialni smeri vzdolžne osi in sicer za razdaljo X. Višina X krivulje na tangento je odvisna od zahtevanih karakteristik posameznega sestava križno lepljene masivne plošče 18 ter od pričakovanih obremenitev nanjo in od dimenzij ter rastra reber 1. Izvedba s prednapetimi rebri 1 je praviloma uporabna za medetažne stropne gradbene elemente, saj uporaba za stenske elemente ne bi bila smiselna. Rebra 1 se, če so enoplastna in iz tanjšega lesa, ukrivijo pred postopkom sestave in stiskanja, postopek njihovega prednapetja pa se izvede znotraj tega postopka.The characteristic of FIG. 8 shows a 3-layer embodiment of the cross-glued solid plate 18 with ribs 1 in that the ribs 1 are prestressed embodiments. In this mode, the ribs 1 in neutral form are previously slightly curved in the tangential direction of the longitudinal axis, for the distance X. The height X of the curve per tangent depends on the required characteristics of the individual composition of the cross-glued solid plate 18 and on the expected loads on it and on the dimensions and raster ribs 1. Version with prestressed ribs 1 is generally useful for floor-mounted ceiling elements, since it would not make sense to use wall elements. The ribs 1, if they are single-ply and of thinner wood, are curved before the assembly and pressing process, and their prestressing process is performed within this process.
Če so rebra 1 iz lepljenega večslojnega lesa se ukrivijo med postopkom lepljenja, če pa so iz masivnega lesa, se lahko oblikujejo z rezkanjem. Pri vertikalnem stiskanju se predhodno ukrivljena in napetostno nevtralna rebra 1 po vzdolžni osi izravnajo v popolnoma vodoravno obliko, pri kateri se višina X krivulje popolnoma izniči. Pri tem se v prostem zunanjem vzdolžnem robu reber 1 pojavi tlačna napetost. V končnem stanju, ko se takšen gradbeni element vgradi v medetažno stropno konstrukcijo, pa se v ta istem vzdolžnem robu pojavi natezna napetost. Na račun tako prednapetih reber 1 posledično dosežemo bolj enakomerno izkoriščen prerez tega gradbenega elementa pri upogibu medetažne stropne konstrukcije. Izkustveno velja, da je lahko razdalja X, za primer prednapetih reber 1, od nekaj milimetrov do nekaj centimetrov, merjeno od tangente ravne osi. Pri večjih razponih križno lepljenih masivnih plošč 18 lahko tudi 5 cm in več. Pri tem je bistveno, da se v rebrih 1 doseže ciljno napetostno stanje, ki bo lahko vIf the ribs are 1 of glued laminated wood, they bend during the gluing process, but if they are of solid wood, they can be formed by milling. In the case of vertical compression, the previously curved and voltage-neutral ribs 1 are aligned along a longitudinal axis in a completely horizontal shape, in which the height of the X curve is completely offset. In this case, a compressive stress occurs in the free outer longitudinal edge of the ribs 1. In the final state, when such a building element is installed in an inter-storey ceiling structure, however, a tensile stress occurs in this same longitudinal edge. At the expense of such pre-stressed ribs 1, a more evenly utilized cross-section of this building element is thus obtained in the bending of the inter-storey ceiling structure. It is experiential that the distance X, for example of prestressed ribs 1, can be from a few millimeters to a few centimeters, measured from the tangent of a straight axis. For larger ranges of cross-laminated solid panels 18, it can also be 5 cm or more. In doing so, it is essential to reach the target voltage state in ribs 1, which will be able to
kombinaciji s križno lepljeno masivno ploščo 18 dalo želeno optimalno ravnotežje napetosti. Iz tega sledi, da se morajo rebra 1 pri večjih razponih ukriviti za večjo razdaljo X, pri krajših razponih pa nekoliko manj, da se doseže približno enako napetostno stanje. Velja, da je razdalja X načeloma odvisna od statične zahteve za posamezne razpone reber 1 v križno lepljenih masivnih ploščah 18. Njena zgornja vrednost je teoretično omejena s formulo Xmax = (5 x L2 x fm) / (24 χ E x h), ki definira največji pomik pri upogibu reber 1, preden pride do porušitve. V enačbi je L razpon križno lepljene masivne plošče 18, fm upogibna trdnost lesa reber 1, E modul elastičnosti lesa in h višina reber 1. Iz prikazanega matematičnega izraza izhaja, da razdalja X ni odvisna od širine reber 1. Največji upogib oziroma največja maksimalna razdalja Xmax za rebra 1 širine 10 cm in višine 14 cm do 20 cm ter za razpone 4m do 8m je v intervalu med 22 in 126 mm, povprečen pa 63 mm. Na velikost ukrivljanja in s tem prednapetja reber 1 vpliva tudi debelina tlačne križno lepljene masivne plošče 18.combined with the cross-glued solid plate 18 gave the desired optimum balance of tension. It follows that the ribs 1 have to bend for larger spans X for larger spans and slightly less for shorter spans to achieve approximately the same stress state. The distance X is, in principle, dependent on the static requirement for the individual spans of the ribs 1 in the cross-glued solid plates 18. Its upper value is theoretically limited by the formula X ma x = (5 x L 2 xf m ) / (24 χ E xh) , which defines the maximum displacement in bending of ribs 1 before failure occurs. In the equation, L is the span of the cross-glued solid board 18, f m the flexural strength of the ribs 1, E the modulus of elasticity of the wood and h the height of the ribs 1. It follows from the mathematical expression shown that the distance X does not depend on the width of the ribs 1. The maximum bending or maximum maximum the X max distance for ribs 1 10 cm wide and 14 cm high to 20 cm high and for spans 4m to 8m is between 22 and 126 mm and averages 63 mm. The size of the curvature and thus the prestressing of the ribs 1 is also influenced by the thickness of the cross-laminated solid board 18.
Za vse predhodno opisane izvedbene primere gradbenih elementov po izumu, ki obsegajo križno lepljeno masivno ploščo 18 z rebri 1 velja, da potekajo lamele 2, 4 in 5 v smeri reber 1, lamele 3 pa pravokotno nanje in, da je lahko število plasti lamel 2, 3, 4 in 5 znotraj križno lepljene masivne plošče 18 poljubno, poljubna pa je lahko tudi njihova lokacija in medsebojni položaj. Prav tako velja, da rebra 1 potekajo v daljši smeri proizvajanega formata gradbenega elementa oziroma križno lepljene masivne plošče 18 takrat, ko bodo uporabljeni za gradnjo stropnih medetaž in, da potekajo v krajši smeri za izdelavo stenskih elementov.For all the previously described embodiments of building elements according to the invention comprising a cross-glued solid plate 18 with ribs 1, the lamellae 2, 4 and 5 extend in the direction of the ribs 1 and the lamellae 3 are perpendicular to them and the number of layers of the lamellae 2 can be , 3, 4 and 5 inside the cross-glued solid panel 18, and their location and position may be arbitrary. It is also considered that the ribs 1 extend in the longer direction of the manufactured element format or of the cross-laminated solid slab 18 when they are used for the construction of ceiling floors and that they extend in the shorter direction for the manufacture of wall elements.
Za kontinuirani postopek izdelave gradbenega elementa po izumu je značilno, da se vse potrebne delovne operacije izvedejo znotraj ene in neprekinjene faze tehnološkega procesa oziroma postopka, brez dodatne predhodne in/ali vmesne mehanske obdelave utorov za rebra 1. Postopek poteka s pomočjo stiskalnice za stiskanje masivnih lesenih plošč vseh vrst izvedb, ki pa posebej ni predstavljena.The continuous process of manufacturing a construction element according to the invention is characterized by the fact that all necessary work operations are carried out within a single and continuous phase of the technological process or process, without additional preliminary and / or intermediate mechanical treatment of the grooves for the ribs. wooden panels of all types, but not specifically presented.
Biti mora takšne izvedbe, da omogoča izdelavo križno lepljenih masivnih plošč 8 z rebri 1, ki ima lahko obliko nekoliko večje kocke ali nekoliko daljšega kvadra poljubne debeline in širine. V našem primeru gre za križno lepljeno masivno ploščo 18 oblike kvadra, zlepljeno iz več plasti lesenih lamel 2, 3, 4 in 5, pri čemer so med zunanje lamele 2 pravokotno nameščena in z njimi zlepljena lesena rebra 1. Za vse izvedbene primere velja, da ima križno lepljena masivna plošča 18 plast zunanjih lamel 4 in plast zunanjih lamel 2, med katerima se lahko nahaja poljubno število plasti notranjih lamel 3 in/ali 5, potekajočih pravokotno in/ali vzporedno z rebri 1. Za polaganje in medsebojno lepljenje posameznih plasti lesenih lamel se lahko uporabita ustrezni napravi kot sta sortirnik lamel in nanašalec lepila, ki pa nista prikazana.It must be of such design that it enables the manufacture of cross-glued solid panels 8 with ribs 1, which may take the form of a slightly larger cube or a slightly longer square of any thickness and width. In our case, it is a cross-glued solid 18-shaped square board glued from several layers of wooden lamellae 2, 3, 4 and 5, with wooden ribs perpendicularly mounted and glued between the outer lamellae 1. For all embodiments, that the cross-laminated solid board 18 has a layer of outer lamellae 4 and a layer of outer lamellae 2, between which there can be any number of layers of inner lamellae 3 and / or 5 extending perpendicularly and / or parallel to the ribs 1. For laying and interconnecting the individual layers wooden blades can be used with suitable devices such as a blades sorter and adhesive dispenser, which are not shown.
Za nazornejši opis metode izdelave in sestave gradbenih elementov je uporabljen prikaz na sl. 9, kjer je predstavljena 3-slojna križno lepljena masivna plošča 18, sestavljena iz plasti zunanjih lamel 2 do 2.n in 4 do 4.n in vmesne plasti notranjih lamel 3 do 3.n ter reber 1 do 1.n. Smiselno temu je postopek enak tudi pri štiri, pet in še večplastnih križno lepljenih masivnih ploščah z rebri 1 in/ali 1.1.For a clearer description of the method of construction and composition of building elements, the illustration in FIG. 9, which presents a 3-layer cross-glued solid plate 18 consisting of layers of outer lamellae 2 to 2.n and 4 to 4.n and intermediate layers of inner lamellae 3 to 3.n and ribs 1 to 1.n. In this sense, the procedure is the same for four, five and more layered cross-laminated solid panels with ribs 1 and / or 1.1.
Sortirnik na ustrezno pomično podlogo, na primer voziček, najprej položi prvi sloj iz zunanjih lesenih lamel 4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4 do 4.n, katerih vlakna tečejo v smeri, v kateri bodo kasneje potekala rebra 1. Na njihove stične površine 9 se lahko predhodno nanese lepilo, kar pa ni nujno, vendar se s tem izboljša zrakotesnost med lamelami 4 in poveča se strižna togost plasti pri obremenitvi v ravnini križno lepljene masivne plošče 18, na primer pri obremenitvi sten pri potresni obtežbi.The sorter first lays the first layer of outer wooden lamellae 4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4 to 4.n on the appropriate movable liner, such as a trolley, whose fibers run in the direction that lateral ribs will flow 1. On their joint surfaces 9, an adhesive may be pre-applied, which is not necessary, but this improves the airtightness between the blades 4 and increases the shear stiffness of the layer under load in the plane of the cross-glued solid sheet 18, for example, when the walls are subjected to earthquake loading.
Čez prvi sloj lamel 4 do 4.n se nato nanese plast lepila, nakar se nanje položi drugi sloj iz notranjih lamel 3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 do 3.n, pri čemer se oba sloja zlepita preko vmesnih večjih stičnih površin 14. Lamele 3 do 3.n lahko potekajo pravokotno na lamele 4 do 4.n ali pa v vzporedno z njimi. Za lepljenje ozkih stičnih površin 10 med lamelami 3 do 3.n velja enako, kot za predhodno omenjene ozke stične površine 9.A layer of adhesive is then applied over the first layer of lamellae 4 to 4.n, and then a second layer of inner lamellae 3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 to 3.n is applied thereto, with both layers adhering to the intermediate larger contact surfaces 14. Lamellae 3 to 3.n may extend perpendicularly to or parallel to the blades 4 through 4.n. The bonding of narrow joints 10 between lamellae 3 to 3.n is the same as for the previously mentioned narrow joints 9.
Po nanosu lepila na drugi sloj sledi postopek sestave tretjega, zaključnega gornjega sloja, ki se sestoji iz zunanjih lamel 2, 2.1, 2.2 do 2.n in vmesnih ter nanje pravokotnih reber 1 in/ali 1.1. Za vse izvedbe 3- slojnih križno lepljenih masivnih plošč je značilno, da je orientacija lamel 2 do 2.n vedno pravokotna na spodnji drugi sloj, ne glede na to v katero smer so bile pred tem položene lamele 3 do 3.n. Velja tudi, da so skrajno gornje zunanje lamele 2 do 2.n v vsakem izvedbenem primeru in ne glede na število slojev križno lepljene masivne plošče 18 vedno orientirane v isto smer kot skrajno spodnje zunanje lamele 4 do 4.n.After the adhesive is applied to the second layer, the process of assembling the third, finishing top layer, consisting of the outer lamellae 2, 2.1, 2.2 to 2.n and the intermediate and rectangular ribs 1 and / or 1.1 thereof, is followed. For all embodiments of 3-layer cross-laminated solid panels, the orientation of the lamellae 2 to 2.n is always perpendicular to the lower second layer, regardless of the direction in which the lamellae 3 to 3.n were previously laid. It is also valid that the upper outer outer lamellae 2 to 2.n in each embodiment, and regardless of the number of layers of cross-laminated solid boards 18, are always oriented in the same direction as the extreme lower outer lamellae 4 to 4.n.
Za prijavljeni izum je značilen zlasti postopek in zaporedje sestave in lepljenja skrajno gornje plasti iz zunanjih lamel 2 do 2.n in vmesnih pravokotnih reber 1 in/ali 1.1, brez sleherne mehanske ali ročne obdelave za to potrebnih utorov, kar je razvidno iz sl. 9. Gornji sloj zunanjih lamel 2 do 2.n in vmesna vertikalna rebra 1 do 1.n se na predzadnji sloj prednostno položijo istočasno, pri čemer jih sortirnik razporedi v izbranem zaporedju. Za izvedbeni primer iz sl. 9 na ta način velja, da jih na z lepilom premazan predhodni sloj lamel 3 do 3.n sortirnik položi v naslednjem vrstnem redu, horizontalna lamela 2, ob njej vertikalno rebro 1. ki mu sledi horizontalna lamela 2.1, njej vertikalno rebro 1.1, nato horizontalna lamela 2.2, in na koncu niza vertikalno rebro 1.n ter horizontalna lamela 2.n. Opisano zaporedje se torej sestoji iz izmeničnega niza ena lamela 2 in eno rebro 1, kar se ciklično ponavlja do končne dimenzije križno lepljene masivne plošče 18. Sestava oziroma polaganje zunanjih lamel 2 in vertikalnih reber 1 se lahko v nekem drugem postopku izvaja tudi posamično v danem zaporedju, če sortirnik ne omogoča istočasne položitve.The present invention is characterized, in particular, by the process and sequence of assembly and bonding of the topmost layer of outer lamellae 2 to 2.n and intermediate rectangular ribs 1 and / or 1.1, without any mechanical or manual treatment of the grooves required therein, as shown in FIG. 9. The upper layer of the outer lamellae 2 to 2.n and the intermediate vertical ribs 1 to 1.n are preferably placed on the penultimate layer simultaneously, with the sorter arranged in the selected order. For the embodiment of FIG. 9 in this way, the adhesive coated pre-layer of lamellae 3 to 3.n is placed in the following order by the sorter, horizontal lamella 2, with vertical rib 1. followed by horizontal lamella 2.1, followed by vertical rib 1.1, then horizontal blade 2.2, and at the end of the string a vertical rib 1.n and a horizontal blade 2.n. The sequence described thus consists of an alternating array of one lamella 2 and one rib 1, which is cyclically repeated to the final dimension of the cross-laminated solid plate 18. The composition or laying of the outer lamellae 2 and the vertical ribs 1 may also be performed individually in a given process sequentially if the sorter does not allow simultaneous placement.
Stičišče vertikalnega rebra 1 med lamelama 2 in 2.1 in lamelami 3 do 3.n označujeta stranski stični površini 8 in vznožna stična površina 6, ki v prečnem preseku oblikuje navidezno režo 21.The intersection of the vertical rib 1 between the blades 2 and 2.1 and the blades 3 to 3.n is indicated by the lateral contact surface 8 and the lateral contact surface 6, which in cross-section forms a virtual slot 21.
V nekem drugem izvedbenem primeru, ki pa ni prikazan, lahko sortirnik zaključni sloj razporedi tudi v drugačnih izmeničnih nizih, ki jih tvorijo na primer eno rebro 1 in ena lamela 2 ali dve lameli 2 in eno rebro 1, ali dve rebri 1 in 1' ter ena lamela 2 in podobno.In another embodiment, which is not shown, the sorter may also arrange the finishing layer in different alternating sets, for example, one rib 1 and one lamella 2 or two lamella 2 and one rib 1, or two ribs 1 and 1 ' and one blade 2 and the like.
V primeru izdelave 4- slojnih križno lepljenih masivnih plošč 18, se na površino 3. sloja nanese lepilo in položi 4. sloj iz lamel 3, katerih orientacija je pravokotna na lamele 5 ter vzporedna z rebri 1 ter lamelami 2.In the case of the manufacture of 4-layer cross-laminated solid panels 18, an adhesive is applied to the surface of the 3rd layer and a 4th layer of lamellae 3 is laid, the orientation of which is perpendicular to the lamellae 5 and parallel to the ribs 1 and the lamellae 2.
V primeru izdelave 5- slojnih križno lepljenih masivnih plošč 18, se na zgornjo površino 4. sloja nanese lepilo in položi 5. sloj iz lamel 3, katerih orientacija je enaka, kot pri predhodnem 4- slojnem izvedbenem primeru. To pomeni, da sta lahko 4. in 5. sloj oba vzporedna ali pravokotna, odvisno od orientacije 1. in 2. sloja.In the case of the manufacture of 5-layer cross-glued solid panels 18, an adhesive is applied to the upper surface of the 4th layer and a 5th layer of lamellae 3 is laid, the orientation of which is the same as in the previous 4-layer embodiment. This means that layers 4 and 5 may be parallel or rectangular, depending on the orientation of layers 1 and 2.
Za rebra 1 velja, da so lahko poljubnega preseka in iz poljubnega tipa lesa. Lahko so sestavljena iz več kosov, ki se sestavijo skupaj v procesu stiskanja. Za vsak izvedbeni primer gradbenega elementa po izumu velja, da so vertikalna rebra 1 do 1.n nalepljena na predzadnji sloj križno lepljene masivne plošče, v predstavljenem primeru na notranje lamele 3 do 3.n. Na tem mestu se nahajajo glavni nosilni stiki 6, preko katerih se prenaša strižni tok vzdolž reber 1 v jedro križno lepljene masivne plošče 18. Stranske stične površine 8 med rebri 1 in lamelami 2 niso nosilne, ker primarno niso namenjene prenosu napetosti.Ribs 1 are considered to be of any cross section and of any type of wood. They may consist of several pieces that come together in the process of pressing. For each embodiment of the construction element of the invention, the vertical ribs 1 to 1.n are said to be glued to the penultimate layer of cross-glued solid board, in the present case to the inner lamellae 3 to 3.n. This is where the main load-bearing contacts 6 are located, through which the shear flow along the ribs 1 is transferred to the core of the cross-laminated solid plate 18. The lateral contact surfaces 8 between the ribs 1 and the blades 2 are not load-bearing because they are not primarily intended for voltage transfer.
Ko je končna sestava gradbenega elementa po izumu iz križno lepljene masivne plošče 18 in reber 1 urejena, se tako dobljen sklop vstavi v stiskalnico, kjer se vse sestavne elemente stisne skupaj, v vertikalni in po potrebi tudi v prečni smeri. Zlasti pomembno je stiskanje v vertikalni smeri, ki zagotovi, da lepilo med glavnimi, večjimi stičnimi površinami 7, 12, 13, 14, 15 in 17 posameznih slojev doseže primerno oziroma želeno nosilnost. Stiskanje v prečni smeri je potrebno v primeru hkratnega lepljenja ožjih stičnih površin 6, 9, 10, 11 in 16.When the final composition of the construction element of the invention from the cross-glued solid plate 18 and the ribs 1 is arranged, the resulting assembly is inserted into a press where all the constituent elements are compressed together, vertically and, if necessary, in the transverse direction. Particularly important is the vertical compression, which ensures that the adhesive between the main, larger contact surfaces 7, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 17 of the individual layers achieves the proper or desired load capacity. Compression in the transverse direction is required in the case of simultaneous gluing of narrow contact surfaces 6, 9, 10, 11 and 16.
Če so vertikalna rebra 1 v vzdolžni smeri tangencialno ukrivljena, se tekom stiskanja v stiskalnici poravnajo v vodoravno obliko in so v končni obliki ravna.If the vertical ribs 1 are tangentially curved in the longitudinal direction, they are aligned in a horizontal shape during the compression process and are straight in the final shape.
Izolacijsko polnilo 19 in prekrivna plošča 20 se prednostno vgradita po končanem postopku stiskanja, pred ali po vgradnji gradbenih elementov v stene ali stropne medetaže.Preferably, the insulating fill 19 and the cover plate 20 are installed after the compression process is completed, before or after the installation of the building elements in the walls or ceiling floors.
Globalna orientacija križno lepljene masivne plošče 18 z rebri 1 je lahko poljubna. Za stropne medetaže zgradb so lahko z rebri 1 obrnjena navzdol ali navzgor. Na zgornji strani lahko med rebri 1 speljemo razne inštalacije ali prostor zapolnimo z izolacijskim polnilom 19 in podobno. Če križno lepljene masivne plošče 18 obrnemo z rebri 1 navzdol, lahko izkoristimo ravno površino gornje ploskve, inštalacije pa speljemo med rebri 1 na spodnji strani. Če se križno lepljene masivne plošče 18 namenjene za stenske elemente, potem rebra 1 obrnemo na zunanjo stran in s tem dobimo izdelano sekundarno konstrukcijo na katero se obesijo fasadne plošče. V tem primeru vmesni prostor med rebri 1 zapolnimo bodisi z izolacijskim polnilom 19 v ploščah ali ga v vmesne prekate vpihamo. Ker konstrukcija križno lepljenih masivnih plošč 18 z rebri 1 ni zaprta, lahko izolacijsko polnilo z zunanje strani zapira paropropustna prekrivna plošča 20.The global orientation of the cross-glued solid panel 18 with ribs 1 can be arbitrary. For ceiling floors, buildings may be facing down or up with ribs 1. On the upper side, various installations can be made between the ribs 1 or the space can be filled with insulating fill 19 and the like. Turning the cross-laminated solid panels 18 with the ribs 1 downwards, the flat surface of the upper surface can be utilized and the installation between the ribs 1 on the underside. If the cross-glued solid panels 18 are intended for wall elements, then the ribs 1 are turned to the outside to obtain a manufactured secondary structure on which the facade panels are hung. In this case, fill the gap between the ribs 1 with either the insulating filler 19 in the panels or blow it into the intermediate chambers. Since the construction of the cross-laminated solid panels 18 with the ribs 1 is not closed, the insulating filler from the outside can be closed by a vapor-permeable cover plate 20.
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| SI201200339A SI23841B (en) | 2012-11-14 | 2012-11-14 | Construction element for wooden wall and ceiling construction and method of manufacturing |
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| NO20170258A1 (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2018-08-24 | Magne Sivilarkitekt Mnal Bergseth | Building elements for covers, roofs and exterior walls of solid wood panels (2 pcs / double) fastened together with steps of laminated plywood - OSB chipboard or fibreboard |
| IT201700053565A1 (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2018-11-17 | Rubner Holzbau S P A | MULTILAYER LOADING ELEMENT FOR CONSTRUCTION AND A METHOD FOR ITS REALIZATION |
| NO345479B1 (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2021-02-22 | Arne Vaslag | Composite, cooperating and elongated building element, and method for manufacturing such a building element. |
| NL1043624B1 (en) * | 2020-05-07 | 2021-11-23 | Abh Holding Bv | Method for manufacturing a floor from wood strips, and a floor built from wood strips |
| FR3118470B1 (en) | 2020-12-24 | 2023-07-21 | Durand Leopold | PREFABRICATED WOODEN PANEL FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US4329827A (en) | 1980-05-06 | 1982-05-18 | Masonite Ab | Roofing elements |
| DE60126633T2 (en) * | 2000-10-13 | 2007-11-22 | Martinson Group Ab | PREPARED CEILING STRUCTURE ELEMENT AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SUCH ELEMENTS |
| WO2007068267A1 (en) * | 2005-12-13 | 2007-06-21 | Ludwig Junker Sägewerk und Holzhandel GmbH | Wooden building element for constructing the walls of a building |
| GB2450359A (en) | 2007-06-20 | 2008-12-24 | Ian De Haan | Multi-Core Structural Insulated Panels |
| ITBZ20070046A1 (en) * | 2007-11-19 | 2009-05-20 | Reinverbund Gmbh Srl | "GEBAUDEWANDELEMENT" |
| AT508759B1 (en) | 2010-02-11 | 2011-04-15 | Palfi Michael | CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT FOR WALL AND CEILING SYSTEMS |
| WO2012004633A1 (en) * | 2010-07-08 | 2012-01-12 | Vincent Marie Rodolphe Claire Lepot | Construction of buildings using wooden blocks |
-
2012
- 2012-11-14 SI SI201200339A patent/SI23841B/en active Search and Examination
-
2013
- 2013-10-29 EP EP13190754.5A patent/EP2733276B1/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2733276B1 (en) | 2016-12-14 |
| SI23841B (en) | 2022-04-29 |
| EP2733276A3 (en) | 2014-12-24 |
| EP2733276A2 (en) | 2014-05-21 |
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