SI21045B - Procedure and device for tempering rails - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention deals with a procedure and device for tempering rails or at least rail heads with the help of increased cooling by transforming the structure from an austentic to another required one, in order to result in a microstructure, which is stable at room temperature. To provide uniform cross section structure along the whole rail and ensure a high quality of the rail, the processing technique according to the invention anticipates the alignment, horizontal positioning and clamping along the axis line, protected against bending, of the rail in the austentic structural condition, after which under maintaining the clamping or protection against bending of the rail and/or at least part of the rail cross section from temperature, which lies above the Ac3 point of the alloy, at least an occasional increased cooling and structure modification is performed. A typical feature of the device according to the invention is that the provided rail support is designed as a supporting structure (2) with a corresponding longitudinal and high resistivity moment against bending of the rail, as well as positioning elements (3) and/or removable straining means (4) for fixing the rail (1)

Claims (20)

1 Patentni zahtevki 1. Postopek kaljenja tirnične glave s povečanim hlajenjem s pretvorbo strukture iz avstenitne strukture, pri čemer tirnico z dolžino nad 50 m v avstenitnem stanju strukture poravnamo, horizontalno pozicioniramo in osno poravnano varno proti zvijanju vpnemo na vsaj treh položajih vzdolž tirnice v območju podnožja in v smeri proti tirnični glavi k nasproti ležeči ploskvi tirnične noge, nakar ob ohranjanju vpetja oz. zavarovanju proti upogibanju tirnične glave vsaj začasno povečano hladimo s temperaturo, ki je nad točko Ac3 legiranja, in tako pretvorimo avstenitno strukturo v želeno pri sobni temperaturi obstojno mikrostrukturo in dosežemo konstantno porazdelitev strukture v prerezu tirnice po vsej dolžini, pri čemer imajo pozicionirni elementi naležne ploskve za ploskve, usmerjene proti tirnični glavi, in vpenjalna sredstva, ki jih lahko sprostimo, imajo naležne ploskve za nasproti ležeče ploskve tirnične noge.CLAIMS 1. A method for hardening a railhead with increased cooling by converting the structure from an austenitic structure, wherein the rail with a length greater than 50 m in the austenitic state of the structure is aligned, horizontally positioned and axially aligned to securely tilted in at least three positions along the rail in the region of the base and in the direction towards the rail head towards the opposite plane of the rail foot, and then, while maintaining the clamping, the anti-bending anti-bending head is at least temporarily enlarged with a temperature above the point of Ac3, thereby converting the austenitic structure to a persistent microstructure at a desired temperature at room temperature, and achieving a constant distribution of the structure in the cross-section of the rail throughout its length, the positioning elements of the contact surface for surfaces directed against the rail head, and the clamping means which can be released, they have contact surfaces for the opposite surfaces of the rail leg. 2. Postopek po zahtevku 1, označen s tem, da sledita pozicioniranje in osno poravnano vpetje tirnice neposredno po zadnjem koraku preoblikovanja z uporabo toplote valjanja.The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the positioning and the axially aligned mounting of the rail are followed immediately after the final step of the transformation using the heat of rolling. 3. Postopek po zahtevku 1 ali 2, označen s tem, da tirnico vpnemo v stoječem stanju, pri čemer je tirnična glava usmerjena navpično navzgor.A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the rail is suspended in the standing state, wherein the rail head is oriented vertically upwards. 4. Postopek po zahtevku 1 ali 2, označen s tem, da tirnico vpnemo viseče, pri čemer je tirnična glava usmerjena navpično navzdol.A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the rail is clamped suspended, wherein the rail head is oriented vertically downward. 5. Postopek po enem od zahtevkov 1 do 4, označen s tem, da tirnici odvzamemo toploto s hlajenjem z brizganjem, pri čemer gledano v vzdolžni smeri na površinskih območjih prereza simetrično na višinsko os tirnice uporabimo enako visoke hladilne intenzitete.Method according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the rails are taken from the cooling by spraying, with the same high cooling intensities being applied symmetrically to the elevation axis of the rail in the longitudinal direction on the surface regions of the cross-section. 6. Postopek po enem od zahtevkov 1 do 4, označen s tem, da tirnici s potopitvijo v hladilno tekočino odvzamemo toploto. 2Method according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the rail is taken from the heat to the cooling fluid by immersion. 2 7. Postopek po enem od zahtevkov 1 do 6, označen s tem, da hlajenje tirnice izvajamo časovno in/ali prostorsko na površinskem območju prereza intermitentno.Method according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the cooling of the rail is carried out intermittently in a time and / or spatial manner on the surface region of the cross-section. 8. Postopek po enem od zahtevkov 1 do 7, označen s tem, da tirnico po povečanem hlajenju sprostimo iz vpetja in jo po potrebi pri držanju pri povišani temperaturi pustimo na mirujočem zraku na sobni temperaturi, da se ohladi.The method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the rail is released from the clamp after the increased cooling and is allowed to stand at standstill at ambient temperature at room temperature to maintain it cooled when kept at an elevated temperature. 9. Uporaba postopka po zahtevkih 1 do 8 za povečano hlajenje ali kaljenje tirnic, daljših od 90 m.Use of the method according to claims 1 to 8 for increasing cooling or hardening of rails longer than 90 m. 10. Naprava za kaljenje tirnic in/ali glave tirnic s povečanim hlajenjem s pretvorbo strukture iz avstenitske strukture v želeno, pri sobni temperaturi obstojno mikrostrukturo, ki v bistvu sestoji iz podpornega sredstva tirnic in hladilne naprave, pri čemer je podporno sredstvo tirnic izvedeno kot nosilna konstrukcija (2), ki ustreza dolžinski razširitvi tirnice (1), daljše od 50 m, s škatlastimi profili (21, 22) in z visokim momentom upora proti upogibanju in izvedena z vsaj tremi položaji vzdolž tirnice s pozicionirnimi elementi (3) in ločljivimi vpenjalnimi sredstvi (4) za trdno postavitev tirnice (1), pri čemer imajo pozicionirni elementi (3, 3') naležne ploskve (31, 31’) za ploskve, usmerjene proti tirnični glavi, in vpenjalna sredstva (4, 4'), ki jih lahko sprostimo, imajo naležne ploskve za nasproti ležeče ploskve tirnične noge.10. A device for hardening rails and / or rails with increased cooling by converting the structure from an austenitic structure to a desired, at room temperature, stable microstructure, essentially consisting of a support means of rails and a cooling device, wherein the support means of rails is carried out as a carrier a structure (2) corresponding to a longitudinal extension of the rail (1) greater than 50 m, with box profiles (21, 22) and a high anti-bending resistance moment and implemented with at least three positions along the rail with positioning elements (3) and detachable the clamping means for fastening the rail (1), the positioning elements (3, 3 ') of the contact surfaces (31, 31') for the faces directed against the rail head and the clamping means (4, 4 '), which can be freely released, have contact surfaces for opposite faces of the rail leg. 11. Naprava po zahtevku 10, označena s tem, da je nosilna konstrukcija (2) izvedena kot zvarjena konstrukcija, na kateri je po dolžini horizontalno poravnano v razmikih po 0,5 m razporejen po en pozicionirni element (3).Device according to claim 10, characterized in that the supporting structure (2) is constructed as a welded construction, on which a positioning element (3) is arranged in a horizontal plane at a spacing of 0.5 m. 12. Naprava po zahtevku 10 ali 11, označena s tem, da so vpenjalna sredstva (4), kijih je mogoče sprostiti, izvedena kot navzdol potiskajoča sredstva (40) za tirnice (1), ki nalegajo na pozicionirne elemente (3).Device according to Claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the clamping means (4) which can be released are carried out as downwardly pressing means (40) for rails (1) which lie against the positioning elements (3). 13. Naprava po zahtevku 10, označena s tem, da so vpenjalna sredstva (4), ki jih lahko sprostimo, izvedena z izravnalnimi ploskvami (41, 41') za pozicioniranje tirnice (1) v horizontalni vzdolžni osni smeri. 3Device according to claim 10, characterized in that the clamping means (4) which can be released are made with the compensating surfaces (41, 41 ') for positioning the rail (1) in the horizontal longitudinal axial direction. 3 14. Naprava po enem od zahtevkov 10 do 13, označena s tem, da imajo pozicionirni elementi (3) in vpenjalno sredstvo (4) zmanjšano naležno ploskev na tirnico (1), na primer obliko klina.Device according to one of Claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the positioning elements (3) and the clamping means (4) have a reduced support surface on the rail (1), for example the shape of the wedge. 15. Naprava po enem od zahtevkov 10 do 14, označena s tem, da je hladilna naprava (5) za tirnico (1) izvedena kot razpršilna proga (50) z zrakom in/ali vodo (52, 52', 52") z enako intenziteto hlajenja po vsej dolžini.Device according to one of Claims 10 to 14, characterized in that the cooling device (5) for the rail (1) is constructed as a spray line (50) with air and / or water (52, 52 ', 52 ") with the same intensity of cooling throughout its length. 16. Naprava po enem od zahtevkov 10 do 14, označena s tem, da je hladilna naprava (5) izvedena kot potopni bazen (51) s hladilno tekočino (52).Device according to one of Claims 10 to 14, characterized in that the cooling device (5) is provided as an immersion pool (51) with a coolant (52). 17. Naprava po enem od zahtevkov 10 do 16, označena s tem, da sta nosilna konstrukcija (2) tirnic in hladilna naprava (5) pomični relativno druga na drugo v smeri vertikal tirnice v prerezu.Device according to one of Claims 10 to 16, characterized in that the supporting structure (2) of the rails and the cooling device (5) are movable relative to each other in the direction of the vertical of the rail in the cross-section. 18. Naprava po enem od zahtevkov 10 do 17, označena s tem, da je nosilna konstrukcija (2) povezana s potopnim koritom (51), ki ima horizontalno naravnane pozicionirne elemente (3), in s tem, da lahko tirnico (1) z vpenjalnimi sredstvi (4), npr. z navzdol potiskajočimi sredstvi (40) nastavimo na pozicionirne elemente (3).Device according to one of Claims 10 to 17, characterized in that the supporting structure (2) is connected to the submersible trough (51) which has horizontally adjusted positioning elements (3), and in that the rail (1) with clamping means (4), e.g. with the downwardly pressing means (40) being placed on the positioning elements (3). 19. Naprava po zahtevku 18, označena s tem, da so vpenjalna sredstva (4) izvedena kot navzdol potiskajoče uteži (40), ki so izvedene vsaj v končnih območjih tirnice (1).Device according to Claim 18, characterized in that the clamping means (4) are formed as downwardly pushing weights (40) carried out at least in the end regions of the rail (1). 20. Naprava po enem od zahtevkov 10 do 19, označena s tem, da je primerne dolžine za kaljenje tračnic, ki so daljše od 90 m.Device according to one of Claims 10 to 19, characterized in that the lengths for hardening the rails are longer than 90 m.