SE2300074A1 - Method and device for producing ammonia and ammonium - Google Patents
Method and device for producing ammonia and ammoniumInfo
- Publication number
- SE2300074A1 SE2300074A1 SE2300074A SE2300074A SE2300074A1 SE 2300074 A1 SE2300074 A1 SE 2300074A1 SE 2300074 A SE2300074 A SE 2300074A SE 2300074 A SE2300074 A SE 2300074A SE 2300074 A1 SE2300074 A1 SE 2300074A1
- Authority
- SE
- Sweden
- Prior art keywords
- ammonia
- hydrogen
- supplied
- ammonium
- engine
- Prior art date
Links
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium formate Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]C=O VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 4
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009620 Haber process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B43/00—Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
- F02B43/10—Engines or plants characterised by use of other specific gases, e.g. acetylene, oxyhydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
- C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
- C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
- C01C1/04—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase
- C01C1/0405—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
Föreliggande uppfinning avser förfarande och arrangemang för att producera ammoniak från kvävet i luft. Uppfinningen kännetecknas av att i en förbränningsmotor för väte förbränns en del av tillfört väte med syret i den omgivningsluft som tillförs motorn varvid kvarvarande del av tillfört väte reagerar med kvävet från tillförd luft och bildar ammoniak varefter motorns avgaser efter kylning och kondensering av vattenånga till vatten väsentligen utgörs av ammoniak och ammonium.The present invention relates to a method and arrangement for producing ammonia from the nitrogen in air. The invention is characterized by the fact that in an internal combustion engine for hydrogen, a part of supplied hydrogen is combusted with the oxygen in the ambient air supplied to the engine, whereby the remaining part of supplied hydrogen reacts with the nitrogen from supplied air and forms ammonia, after which the engine's exhaust after cooling and condensation of water vapor to essentially water consists of ammonia and ammonium.
Description
Metod och anordning för att producera ammoniak och ammonium Luften runt oss består till största delen av kväve cirka 78 procent och syre cirka 21 procent. I luften finns även mycket små mängder av andra gaser uppgående till cirka 1 procent. Kväve har många industriella användningsområden. Ett viktigt område är framställning av ammo- nium (ammoniak löst i vatten) som kan användas för produktion av gödsel. Oftast produceras kväve från luft genom gradvis komprimering och kylning av luften i en process benämnd Hampson-Linde. Därefter görs ammoniak, vanligen genom en metod benämnd Haber-Bosch genom att blanda kväve med väte under höga tryck, >l 00 bar, och temperaturer, >700 K, samt i närvaro av exv. jäm som katalysator, enligt formeln: Nz + 3 llz ~+ 2 Nl lg. Method and device for producing ammonia and ammonium The air around us consists mostly of about 78 percent nitrogen and about 21 percent oxygen. There are also very small amounts of other gases in the air amounting to approximately 1 percent. Nitrogen has many industrial uses. An important area is the production of ammonium (ammonia dissolved in water) which can be used for the production of fertiliser. Most often, nitrogen is produced from air by gradually compressing and cooling the air in a process called Hampson-Linde. Then ammonia is made, usually by a method called Haber-Bosch by mixing nitrogen with hydrogen under high pressures, >l 00 bar, and temperatures, >700 K, and in the presence of ex. iron as a catalyst, according to the formula: Nz + 3 llz ~+ 2 Nl lg.
Syftet med uppfinningen är att producera ammoniak/ammonium, med luft och väte som rå- vara, enligt en ny och avsevärt mindre kostnadskrävande metod och anordning. The purpose of the invention is to produce ammonia/ammonium, with air and hydrogen as raw materials, according to a new and considerably less expensive method and device.
Metoden utförs i en internförbränningsmotors förbränningskammare där temperatur och tryck i förbränningskammaren, med en invändig yta som åtminstone delvis är utförd i jäm, uppnår ovan nämnda nivåer för processen Haber-Bosch. Inför motorns arbetstakt tillförs förbrän- ningskammaren omgivningsluft och väte med en kvantitet av väte som betydligt överstiger den vätekvantitet som åtgår för att under förbränningen förbruka allt syre i tillförd luft. Vid förbränningen av luft-väteblandningen som inleds i anslutning till kolvens övre vändläge kommer vätet i den överstigande, ej i förbränningen deltagande, vätekvantiteten att reagera med kvävet i tillförd omgivningsluft enligt formeln: 3 H2 + Ng -> 2 NH; Målet är att tillsam- mans med omgivningsluft tillföra väte i sådan kvantitet att efter förbränning, där allt syre åt- går, med bildande av vattenånga och ammoniak resterar inget väte eller kväve i energiom- vandlarens avgaser, en stökiometrisk reaktion, vilket innebär att inför varje arbetstakt skall förbränningskammaren tillföras tre molekyler väte för varje tillförd molekyl kväve utöver det väte som åtgår för att förbränna allt tillfört syre i luft-väteblandningen. Dock är väte dyrt jäm- fört med luftens kväve vilket är skälet till att mer omgivningsluft tillförs än vad som skulle behövas för nämnda stökiometri. Gasblandningen av vattenånga, och pga. högt tryck och temperatur bildad ammoniak, kyls varvid när vattenångan kondenseras samtidigt ammoniak, åtminstone delvis, löses i kondensatet, vattnet, och ammonium bildas. The method is carried out in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine where temperature and pressure in the combustion chamber, with an internal surface that is at least partially made of iron, reach the aforementioned levels for the Haber-Bosch process. Before the working cycle of the engine, ambient air and hydrogen are supplied to the combustion chamber with a quantity of hydrogen that significantly exceeds the quantity of hydrogen required to consume all the oxygen in the supplied air during combustion. During the combustion of the air-hydrogen mixture that begins in connection with the upper turning position of the piston, the hydrogen in the excess, not participating in the combustion, quantity of hydrogen will react with the nitrogen in the supplied ambient air according to the formula: 3 H2 + Ng -> 2 NH; The goal is to supply hydrogen together with ambient air in such a quantity that after combustion, where all the oxygen is consumed, with the formation of water vapor and ammonia, no hydrogen or nitrogen remains in the exhaust gases of the energy converter, a stoichiometric reaction, which means that before each operating rate, three molecules of hydrogen must be supplied to the combustion chamber for each supplied molecule of nitrogen in addition to the hydrogen required to burn all supplied oxygen in the air-hydrogen mixture. However, hydrogen is expensive compared to the nitrogen in the air, which is the reason why more ambient air is added than would be needed for said stoichiometry. The gas mixture of water vapor, and due to high pressure and temperature formed ammonia, is cooled whereby when the water vapor is condensed at the same time ammonia, at least partially, dissolves in the condensate, the water, and ammonium is formed.
I kondenseringsfasen fångas även förekommande partiklar från exv. motorslitage som avskiljs innan ammoniak resp. ammoniumet separeras och lagras i exv. varsin tank. Därefter återstår inledningsvis nämnda små mängder av andra gaser som exv. argon vars ev. omhändertagande inte berörs av uppfinningen. In the condensation phase, existing particles from e.g. engine wear that is separated before ammonia or the ammonium is separated and stored in exv. each tank. After that, the initially mentioned small amounts of other gases such as e.g. argon whose possible handling is not affected by the invention.
Genom att motorn bringas utföra nyttoarbete som att driva elverk eller annan nyttoanordning och att spillvärme, i form av motorvärmet och avgasvärmet, tillvaratas blir totalverkningsgra- den hög med följden att kostnaden för produktion av ammoniak och ammonium blir låg. By making the engine perform useful work such as powering a power plant or other useful device and by saving waste heat, in the form of engine heat and exhaust gas heat, the total efficiency is high with the consequence that the cost of production of ammonia and ammonium is low.
Inom jordbruk kan, vid exv. en traktor eller annan jordbruksmaskin med väteförbränningsmo- tor, avgaserna efter eventuell kylning och rening i gödslingssyfte ledas ner i jorden bakom fordonet i samband med plöjning, harvning, sådd, skörd eller annat arbete som kompensation för den kväve som frigörs när jord rörs om i samband med nämnda förfaranden. Vid behov av sterilisering av jord kyls inte avgasema innan de förs ned i jorden. In agriculture, e.g. a tractor or other agricultural machine with a hydrogen combustion engine, the exhaust gases after possible cooling and purification for fertilizing purposes are led into the soil behind the vehicle in connection with ploughing, harrowing, sowing, harvesting or other work as compensation for the nitrogen released when soil is moved in connection with said procedures. If soil sterilization is required, the exhaust gases are not cooled before they are brought into the soil.
Förbränningsmotorers konstruktion och arbetssätt är väl kända vilket är skäl till att ytterligare beskrivning i form av figurer och figurbeskrivningar för en fackmans tillämpning av uppfin- ningen inte anses vara behövlig men kan tillföras om granskande patentmyndighet så kräver. The construction and working methods of internal combustion engines are well known, which is the reason why further description in the form of figures and figure descriptions for a specialist's application of the invention is not considered necessary, but can be added if the examining patent authority so requires.
Som prioritetsgrundande föreliggande patentansökning åberopas svenska patentansökningar nr: 2300062-3, 2200076-4, 2200081-4, 2200080-6, 2200097-0, 2200108-5, 2200107-Ovanstående beskrivning, och prioritetsgrundande patentansökningar, begränsar inte uppfin- ningen utan modifieringar kan göras inom ramen för de följande angivna patentkraven. lSwedish patent applications No. 2300062-3, 2200076-4, 2200081-4, 2200080-6, 2200097-0, 2200108-5, 2200107 are invoked as the basis for the present patent application. The above description, and priority patent applications, do not limit the invention without modifications. be made within the framework of the following patent claims. l
Claims (7)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE2200097 | 2022-09-04 | ||
SE2200108 | 2022-10-03 | ||
SE2200127A SE2200127A1 (en) | 2022-04-06 | 2022-11-13 | Fuel cell with hydrogen recovery |
SE2300062A SE2300062A1 (en) | 2022-07-08 | 2023-07-02 | Nitrogen |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
SE2300074A1 true SE2300074A1 (en) | 2024-03-05 |
Family
ID=90469048
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
SE2300074A SE2300074A1 (en) | 2022-09-04 | 2023-08-23 | Method and device for producing ammonia and ammonium |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
SE (1) | SE2300074A1 (en) |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2073317A (en) * | 1980-03-21 | 1981-10-14 | Escher Foster Tech Inc | Hydrogen-oxygen thermochemical combustion initiation |
US20090117014A1 (en) * | 2007-11-06 | 2009-05-07 | Quantumsphere, Inc. | System and method for ammonia synthesis |
US8627655B2 (en) * | 2007-02-16 | 2014-01-14 | Audi, Ag | Method and device for producing ammonia for the exhaust gas treatment in internal combustion engines in a motor vehicle |
US20150020764A1 (en) * | 2013-07-19 | 2015-01-22 | V-GRID Energy Systems | Ignition system for low grade synthesis gas at high compression |
US20210062738A1 (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2021-03-04 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Methods and systems for a vehicle |
-
2023
- 2023-08-23 SE SE2300074A patent/SE2300074A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2073317A (en) * | 1980-03-21 | 1981-10-14 | Escher Foster Tech Inc | Hydrogen-oxygen thermochemical combustion initiation |
US8627655B2 (en) * | 2007-02-16 | 2014-01-14 | Audi, Ag | Method and device for producing ammonia for the exhaust gas treatment in internal combustion engines in a motor vehicle |
US20090117014A1 (en) * | 2007-11-06 | 2009-05-07 | Quantumsphere, Inc. | System and method for ammonia synthesis |
US20150020764A1 (en) * | 2013-07-19 | 2015-01-22 | V-GRID Energy Systems | Ignition system for low grade synthesis gas at high compression |
US20210062738A1 (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2021-03-04 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Methods and systems for a vehicle |
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