SE2150984A1 - Hydrogen Gas Production System with Integrated Water Purification and Water Electrolysis - Google Patents

Hydrogen Gas Production System with Integrated Water Purification and Water Electrolysis

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Publication number
SE2150984A1
SE2150984A1 SE2150984A SE2150984A SE2150984A1 SE 2150984 A1 SE2150984 A1 SE 2150984A1 SE 2150984 A SE2150984 A SE 2150984A SE 2150984 A SE2150984 A SE 2150984A SE 2150984 A1 SE2150984 A1 SE 2150984A1
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SE
Sweden
Prior art keywords
hydrogen gas
water
production system
gas production
waste heat
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Application number
SE2150984A
Inventor
Aapo Sääsk
Original Assignee
Aktiebolaget Scarab Dev
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Publication date
Application filed by Aktiebolaget Scarab Dev filed Critical Aktiebolaget Scarab Dev
Priority to SE2150984A priority Critical patent/SE2150984A1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2022/071801 priority patent/WO2023012211A1/en
Publication of SE2150984A1 publication Critical patent/SE2150984A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
    • C25B15/021—Process control or regulation of heating or cooling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/36—Pervaporation; Membrane distillation; Liquid permeation
    • B01D61/364—Membrane distillation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/16—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using waste heat from other processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/447—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by membrane distillation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
    • C25B15/023—Measuring, analysing or testing during electrolytic production
    • C25B15/025—Measuring, analysing or testing during electrolytic production of electrolyte parameters
    • C25B15/027—Temperature
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
    • C25B15/085—Removing impurities
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
    • C25B9/67—Heating or cooling means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
    • B01D2311/04—Specific process operations in the feed stream; Feed pretreatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
    • B01D2311/26—Further operations combined with membrane separation processes
    • B01D2311/2684—Electrochemical processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/22—Cooling or heating elements
    • B01D2313/221—Heat exchangers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/009—Apparatus with independent power supply, e.g. solar cells, windpower, fuel cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C02F2201/4616—Power supply
    • C02F2201/46165—Special power supply, e.g. solar energy or batteries
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/10—Energy recovery
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
  • Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)

Abstract

A system and method of producing hydrogen gas in a hydrogen gas production system (100), comprises generating hydrogen gas (221) and waste heat (110) in a water electrolysis apparatus (102) configured to generate hydrogen gas from input purified water (104) and from electricity (106) from an electric energy source (108); producing purified water (104) in a membrane purification apparatus (112) configured to produce purified water (104) from water heated by waste heat recovered from the hydrogen gas production system and inputting said purified water to the water electrolysis apparatus (112); supplying water, in a water supply system (114), from a water source (116) to the water electrolysis apparatus (102) via the membrane purification apparatus (112) to produce purified water (104) and inputting the purified water (104) to the water electrolysis apparatus (112) to generate said hydrogen gas (221).

Description

Technical Field ln general, the present disclosure relates to apparatus, system and methods for production of hydrogen gas with purified water and solar power in a water electrolysis system. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to an integrated e purified water and hydrogen production system.
Background Hydrogen gas is an important part of the industrialized world as hydrogen is vital for many chemical processes. With the emerging shift from fossil fuel, the interest and importance of hydrogen gas has increased. Hydrogen can for example be used for production of electricity, heating or in a fuel cell in hydrogen gas driven cars.
Today, hydrogen is mainly produced from fossil fuel. ln view of the current urge to address climate effects of human activities it is becoming increasingly important to manufacture hydrogen in an environmentally sustainable manner.
One method of producing hydrogen is by electrolysis of water, i.e. by using electricity to decompose water into oxygen and hydrogen gas. The raw material required for water electrolysis is water and electrical energy. Electrolysis of water can be made by any source of electricity and thus also by environmentally friendly electricity production methods. The residual product of water electrolysis is oxygen and there is nothing in the process per se that adds to green gas pollution or other pollution.
A major concern in hydrogen production with water electrolysis is the energy costs. A large amount of energy goes into the process with a conversion loss in the range of 20 - 30 %, a great part of which is released as waste heat. Solar power is an attractive energy source for hydrogen production. However, there is also a conversion loss of energy in solar power generators. For example, a solar powered steam turbine to produce electricity needs to be cooled and with a photovoltaic solar power collector a part of the sun light influx is transformed to electricity and a remaining part of the influx becomes heat.
Another concern is the consumption of water. For example, it takes about 9.1 ton of water to produce 1.1 ton of hydrogen. Generally, hydrogen production by water electrolysis requires high- quality water. ln order to increase hydrogen production in the amounts that will be required, it is a general concern how to supply water with sufficient quality for hydrogen production in a sustainable manner. For example, in many parts of the world there is already a shortage of water with a quality suitable for drinking and it would not be feasible to take water for hydrogen production from such scarce water resources. Using for example sea water or recirculated wastewater is therefore a possible solution, provided it can be efficiently cleaned to the required quality.
The minimum water quality that is recommended to use in hydrogen production with water electrolysis is generally process water or boiler feeder water dependent on electrolyser technology. One major effect of good water quality is to reduce wear in electrolyser equipment, especially the electrodes, and thereby reduce costs for maintenance and renewal of the equipment.
Related Art An example of a solar powered hydrogen production apparatus based on water electrolysis is found in the utility model publication CN205099761 to ZHANG WANJUN. This piece of related art discloses a water electrolysis hydrogen system including a solar cell panel, a solar control ware, a solar battery and a water electrolysis arrangement for hydrogen production powered by the solar cell panel.
Another example of related art is shown in the patent publication FR2927907 to AREVA H2GEN/ORFAGEN. This publication shows a hydrogen production apparatus based on water electrolysis with a water purification arrangement to supply clean water to an electrolyser.
The patent publication US 4,391,676 to Finn Torberger shows an example of a membrane purification apparatus based on thermal differences between a supply water flow and a cooling water flow.
Obiect of Disclosed Embodiments The object of embodiments disclosed herein is to provide a hydrogen production system that improves the cost efficiency in the production of hydrogen gas.
Summary The object is achieved by embodiments of a hydrogen gas production system (100), comprising a water electrolysis apparatus (102) configured to generate hydrogen gas (221) from purified water (104) and electricity (106) from an electric energy source (108), said water electrolysis apparatus further generating waste heat (110); a membrane purification apparatus (112) configured to produce purified water (104) from water heated by waste heat recovered from the hydrogen gas production system; a water supply system (114) configured to supply water from a water source (116) to the water electrolysis apparatus (102) via the membrane purification apparatus (112).
Method embodiments of producing hydrogen gas in a hydrogen gas production system (100), comprises generating hydrogen gas (221) and waste heat (110) in a water electrolysis apparatus (102) configured to generate hydrogen gas from input purified water (104) and from electricity (106) from an electric energy source (108); producing purified water (104) in a membrane purification apparatus (112) configured to produce purified water (104) from water heated by waste heat recovered from the hydrogen gas production system and inputting said purified water to the water electrolysis apparatus (112); supplying water, in a water supply system (114), from a water source (116) to the water electrolysis apparatus (102) via the membrane purification apparatus (112) to produce purified water (104) and inputting the purified water (104) to the water electrolysis apparatus (112) to generate said hydrogen gas (221).
Brief description of drawing Embodiments disclosed herein will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which: FIG 1 schematically illustrates a hydrogen production system in accordance with embodiments.
Detailed description of embodiments General embodiments comprise a hydrogen production system wherein waste heat from one or more water electrolysis apparatus is recovered and used for water purification in a membrane purification apparatus.
The membrane purification apparatus is preferably of the type as described in above mentioned patent publication US 4,391,676 to Finn Torberger, i.e. a membrane purification apparatus based on thermal differences between a supply water flow and a cooling water flow. ln this kind of purification apparatus, a heated supply water flow is separated by a membrane, a gap and a cooling surface confining the cooling water flow. The membrane is configured to allow water vapor to pass from the supply water flow into the gap between the membrane and the cooling surface. Vapor having entered the gap is condensed against the cooling surface and the condensed water is conducted into a purified water flow to an outlet for purified water. The structure and functionality of a membrane purification apparatus used jn embodiments described herein is thus per se known and details are found inter alia in the mentioned publication and in other publications as well as existing products.
Other general embodiments are configured independently of the membrane purification apparatus, i.e. configured with or without a membrane purification apparatus, and be configured to drive water electrolysis for example by means of recovered waste heat from the hydrogen production process or from renewable energy sources.
FIG 1 schematically illustrates a hydrogen gas production system 100 in accordance with embodiments. Embodiments of such a hydrogen gas production system comprises a water electrolysis apparatus 102 configured to generate hydrogen gas from input purified water 104 and electricity 106 from an electric energy source 108, said water electrolysis apparatus further generating waste heat 110. A membrane purification apparatus 112 is configured to produce purified water 104 from water heated by waste heat recovered from the hydrogen gas production system. A water supply system 114 is configured to supply water from a water source 116 to the water electrolysis apparatus 102 via the membrane purification apparatus 112.
Method embodiments for producing hydrogen gas in such a hydrogen gas production system (100), comprises generating hydrogen gas (221) and waste heat (110) in a water electrolysis apparatus (102) configured to generate hydrogen gas from input purified water (104) and from electricity (106) from an electric energy source (108). With the water electrolysis apparatus in operation, these embodiments comprises producing purified water (104) in a membrane purification apparatus (112) configured to produce purified water (104) from water heated by waste heat recovered from the hydrogen gas production system and inputting said purified water to the water electrolysis apparatus (112). To cater for the water consumption in the process, such embodiments comprises supplying water, in a water supply system (114), from a water source (116) to the water electrolysis apparatus (102) via the membrane purification apparatus (112) to produce purified water (104) and inputting the purified water (104) to the water electrolysis apparatus (112) to generate said hydrogen gas (221). ln order to recover waste heat from the water electrolysis process system embodiments comprises a heat exchanger (120) configured to transfer waste heat (110) from the hydrogen gas production system to a hot water circuit (122) of the membrane purification apparatus (112). Method embodiments thus comprises transferring waste heat (110) via a heat exchanger (160) from the water electrolysis apparatus (102) to a hot water circuit (122) of the membrane purification apparatus (112).
Embodiments of the hydrogen gas production system (100) are further being configured to produce electricity (134) from waste heat (110) from the water electrolysis apparatus (102) and to supply said electricity to said water electrolysis apparatus for generation of hydrogen gas. Method embodiments of producing hydrogen gas, in such embodiments thus comprises producing electricity (134) from waste heat (110) from the water electrolysis apparatus (102) and supplying electricity to said water electrolysis apparatus (102) for generation of hydrogen gas (221). Variants of such embodiments comprises a hot water turbine (130) with a hot water input (132) coupled to a waste heat water circuit (128) of the hydrogen gas production system and being configured to produce electricity (134) from waste heat (110) from the water electrolysis apparatus (102) and output electricity to an electric power supply system (140) of the hydrogen gas production system. Method embodiments of producing hydrogen gas in such system embodiment variants comprises inputting hot water recovered from waste heat of the water electrolysis apparatus (102) to a hot water circuit 128). Further supplying hot water from the hot water circuit (128) to a hot water turbine (130) to produce electricity (134) and providing said electricity (134) to an electric power supply system (140) of the hydrogen gas production system (100). Such embodiments would make use of the waste heat of the water electrolysis to supply the water electrolysis process with electricity. Such embodiments may be configured independently of the membrane purification apparatus, i.e. be configured with or without a membrane purification apparatus.
Other embodiments make use of solar power. Such embodiments of the hydrogen gas production system (100) comprises a solar power generator (150) configured to generate electricity (152) from incident sun light (154), said solar power generator further generating waste heat (156). A method embodiment of producing hydrogen gas comprises generating electrical power and waste heat from incident sun light in a solar power generator (102) and supplying said electric power to the water electrolysis apparatus to generate the hydrogen gas. ln order to recover waste heat embodiments comprises a selection of one or more heat exchangers. ln one embodiment the hydrogen gas production system (100) comprises a first heat exchanger (160) configured to transfer waste heat (110) from the water electrolysis apparatus (102) to a hot water circuit (122) of the membrane purification apparatus (112). A method embodiment of producing hydrogen gas in such a variant of a hydrogen gas production system comprises transferring waste heat (110) via a first heat exchanger (160) from the water electrolysis apparatus (102) to a hot water circuit (122) of the membrane purification apparatus (112).
Another embodiment of the hydrogen gas production system (100) comprises a second heat exchanger (170) configured to transfer waste heat (156) from the solar power generator (150) to a hot water circuit (122) of the membrane purification apparatus (112). A method embodiment of producing hydrogen gas in such a variant of a hydrogen gas production system comprises transferring waste heat (156) via a second heat exchanger (170) from the solar power generator (150) to a hot water circuit (122) of the membrane purification apparatus (112).
The membrane purification apparatus (112) also produces waste heat when keeping a cold side of the apparatus cool. An embodiment of the hydrogen gas production system (100) comprises a third heat exchanger (180) configured to transfer heat from a cooling water circuit (124) of the membrane purification apparatus (112) to a waste heat circuit, for example the waste heat water circuit (128) of the water supply system (114). A method embodiment of producing hydrogen gas in such an embodiment of a hydrogen gas production system comprises transferring heat via a third heat exchanger (180) from a cooling water circuit (124) of the membrane purification apparatus (112) to a waste heat circuit, for example the waste heat water circuit (128) of the water supply system (114).
For the purpose of supplying the water electrolysis process with electricity, embodiments of the hydrogen gas production system (100) comprises an electric power supply system (140) configured to energize one or more of water electrolysis apparatus (102), the membrane purification apparatus (112) and the water supply system (114). A method embodiment of producing hydrogen gas in such a hydrogen gas production system comprises energizing via an electric power supply system (140) one or more of the water electrolysis apparatus (102), the membrane purification apparatus (112) and the water supply system (114).
Embodiments of an electric power supply system (140) comprises one or more of an electric energy source (108) and a set of components configured to supply apparatuses and subsystems of the hydrogen gas production system with electric energy.
The electric energy source comprises, in various embodiments, one or more of a hot water turbine (130), a general mains electricity source 190, a battery pool (200) and a solar power generator (150), being configured to feed electricity to a main electric supply line 300.
The solar power generator (150) is in embodiments based on photovoltaic cells generating electric power and waste heat, and in other embodiments based on solar thermal collectors generating electric power by means of a steam turbine. ln order to drive the water electrolysis apparatus, embodiments of the hydrogen gas production system (100) comprises a first electric power transformer (141) configured to adapt and transfer electric power from one or more of a hot water turbine (130), a general mains electricity source 190, a battery pool (200) and a solar power generator (150) to one or more electrolyzers of the water electrolysis apparatus (102). A method embodiment of producing hydrogen gas in such a hydrogen gas production system comprises adapting and transferring, via a first electric power transformer (141), electric power from one or more of a hot water turbine (130), a general mains electricity source (190), electric power storage (200) and a solar power generator (150) to one or more electrolyzers of the water electrolysis apparatus (102). ln embodiments of the hydrogen gas production system (100) there is comprised a second electric power transformer (143) configured to adapt and transfer electric power from one or more of the hot water turbines (130), a general mains electricity source (190), an electric power storage (200) or a solar power generator (150) to components of one more of the water electrolysis apparatus (02), the membrane purification apparatus (112), the water supply system (114) and the electric power supply system (140). Method embodiments of producing hydrogen gas in a hydrogen gas production system, further comprising: adapting and transferring, via a second electric power transformer (142), electric power from one or more of a hot water turbine (130), a general mains electricity source (190), electric power storage (200) and a solar power generator (150) to components of one more of the water electrolysis apparatus (02), the membrane purification apparatus (112), the water supply system (114) and the electric power supply system 140). ln embodiments of the hydrogen gas production system (100), the components comprise one or more of control electronics, sensor devices, pumps, valves, heaters, coolers, batteries and communication devices.
The water supply system (114), in embodiments, takes water from a water source (116) to a water storage (118). The water storage (118) is, as illustrated in FIG 1., coupled in a waste heat water circuit (128) that circulates waste heat water collecting waste heat from the water electrolysis apparatus and back to the water storage (118). ln embodiments, the waste heat water circuit (128) is connected to a hot water circuit (122) of a membrane purification apparatus (112). The waste heat water circuit (122) may further be coupled to a water processing unit (119) for example configured to separate sludge or concentrated pollution from the waste heat water. The waste heat water circuit comprises cool connection points A for circulating cool water to heat exchangers comprised in the system, as well as hot connection points B for circulating hot water heated by recovered heat from different apparatuses in the system to the waste heat water circuit.
Exemplifying embodiments are described herein, further embodiments and configurations based on the described concepts are also conceivable.

Claims (26)

1. A hydrogen gas production system (100), comprising: a. a water electrolysis apparatus (102) configured to generate hydrogen gas (221) from purified water (104) and electricity (106) from an electric energy source (108), said water electrolysis apparatus further generating waste heat (110); b. a membrane purification apparatus (112) configured to produce purified water (104) from water heated by waste heat recovered from the hydrogen gas production system; c. a water supply system (114) configured to supply water from a water source (116) to the water electrolysis apparatus (102) via the membrane purification apparatus (112).
2. The hydrogen gas production system (100), further comprising: a heat exchanger (120) configured to transfer waste heat (110) from the hydrogen gas production system to a hot water circuit (122) of the membrane purification apparatus (112).
3. The hydrogen gas production system (100), further being configured to produce electricity (134) from waste heat (110) from the water electrolysis apparatus (102) and to supply said electricity to said water electrolysis apparatus for generation of hydrogen gas.
4. The hydrogen gas production system (100), further comprising a hot water turbine (130) with a hot water input (132) coupled to a waste heat water circuit (128) of the hydrogen gas production system and being configured to produce electricity (134) from waste heat (110) from the water electrolysis apparatus (102) and output electricity (134) to an electric power supply system (140) of the hydrogen gas production system.
5. The hydrogen gas production system (100), further comprising a solar power generator (150) configured to generate electricity (152) from incident sun light (154), said solar power generator further generating waste heat (156).
6. The hydrogen gas production system (100), further comprising: a first heat exchanger (160) configured to transfer waste heat (110) from the water electrolysis apparatus (102) to a hot water circuit (122) of the membrane purification apparatus (112).
7. The hydrogen gas production system (100), further comprising: a second heat exchanger (170) configured to transfer waste heat (156) from the solar power generator (156) to a hot water circuit (122) of the membrane purification apparatus (112).
8. The hydrogen gas production system (100), further comprising: a third heat exchanger (180) configured to transfer heat from a cooling water circuit (124) of the membrane purification apparatus (112) to a waste heat circuit, for example the waste heat water circuit (128) of the water supply system (114).
9. The hydrogen gas production system (100), further comprising: an electric power supply system (140) configured to energize one or more of water electrolysis apparatus (102), the membrane purification apparatus (112) and the water supply system (114).
10. The hydrogen gas production system (100), further comprising: a first electric power transformer (141) configured to adapt and transfer electric power from one or more of a hot water turbine (130), a general mains electricity source 190, a battery pool (200and a solar power generator (150) to one or more electrolysers of the water electrolysis apparatus.
11. The hydrogen gas production system (100), further comprising: a second electric power transformer configured to adapt and transfer electric power from one or more of the hot water turbine (130), a general mains electricity source (190), an electric power storage (200) or a solar power generator (150) to components of one more of the water electrolysis apparatus (02), the membrane purification apparatus (112), the water supply system (114) and the electric power supply system (140).
12. The hydrogen gas production system (100), wherein said components comprising one or more of control electronics, sensor devices, pumps, valves, heaters, coolers, batteries and communication devices.
13. The hydrogen gas production system (100), wherein: the solar power generator (150) is based on photovoltaic cells generating electric power and waste heat.
14. The hydrogen gas production system (100), wherein: the solar power generator (150) is based on solar thermal collectors generating electric power by means of a steam turbine and waste heat.
15. A method of producing hydrogen gas in a hydrogen gas production system (100), comprising: a. generating hydrogen gas (221) and waste heat (110) in a water electrolysis apparatus (102) configured to generate hydrogen gas from input purified water (104) and from electricity (106) from an electric energy source (108); b. producing purified water (104) in a membrane purification apparatus (112) configured to produce purified water (104) from water heated by waste heat recovered from the hydrogen gas production system and inputting said purified water to the water electrolysis apparatus (112); c. supplying water, in a water supply system (114), from a water source (116) to the water electrolysis apparatus (102) via the membrane purification apparatus (112) to produce purified water (104) and inputting the purified water (104) to the water electrolysis apparatus (112) to generate said hydrogen gas (221).
16. The method of producing hydrogen gas in a hydrogen gas production system, further comprising: transferring waste heat (110) via a heat exchanger (160) from the water electrolysis apparatus (102) to a hot water circuit (122) of the membrane purification apparatus (112).
17. The method of producing hydrogen gas, further comprising: producing electricity (134) from waste heat (110) from the water electrolysis apparatus (102) and supplying said electricity to said water electrolysis apparatus (102) for generation of hydrogen gas (221).
18. The method of producing hydrogen gas, further comprising: - inputting hot water recovered from waste heat of the water electrolysis apparatus (102) to a hot water circuit 128); - supplying hot water from the hot water circuit (128) to a hot water turbine (130) to produce electricity (134); - providing said electricity (134) to an electric power supply system (140) of the hydrogen gas production system (100).
19. The method of producing hydrogen gas, further comprising: generating electrical power and waste heat from incident sun light in a solar power generator (102) and supplying said electric power the water electrolysis apparatus to generate the hydrogen gas.
20. The method of producing hydrogen gas in a hydrogen gas production system, further comprising: transferring waste heat (110) via a first heat exchanger (160) from the water electrolysis apparatus (102) to a hot water circuit (122) of the membrane purification apparatus (112).
21. The method of producing hydrogen gas in a hydrogen gas production system, further comprising: transferring waste heat (156) via a second heat exchanger (170) from the solar power generator (150) to a hot water circuit (122) of the membrane purification apparatus (112).
22. The method of producing hydrogen gas in a hydrogen gas production system, further comprising: transferring heat via a third heat exchanger (180) from a cooling water circuit (124) of the membrane purification apparatus (112) to a waste heat circuit, for example the waste heat water circuit (128) of the water supply system (114).
23. The method of producing hydrogen gas in a hydrogen gas production system, further comprising: energizing via an electric power supply system (140) one or more of the water electrolysis apparatus (102), the membrane purification apparatus (112) and the water supply system (114).
24. The method of producing hydrogen gas in a hydrogen gas production system, further comprising: adapting and transferring, via a first electric power transformer (141), electric power from one or more of a hot water turbine (130), a general mains electricity source (190), electric power storage (200) and a solar power generator (150) to one or more electrolyzers of the water electrolysis apparatus (102).
25. The method of producing hydrogen gas in a hydrogen gas production system, further comprising: adapting and transferring, via a second electric power transformer (142), electric power from one or more of a hot water turbine (130), a general mains electricity source (190), electric power storage (200) and a solar power generator (150) to components of one or more of the water electrolysis apparatus (02), the membrane purification apparatus (112), the water supply system (114) and the electric power supply system 140).
26. The method of producing hydrogen gas in a hydrogen gas production system, wherein said components comprising one or more of control electronics, sensor devices, pumps, valves, heaters, coo|ers and communication devices.
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