SE1951437A1 - A powertrain and a vehicle comprising such a powertrain - Google Patents

A powertrain and a vehicle comprising such a powertrain

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Publication number
SE1951437A1
SE1951437A1 SE1951437A SE1951437A SE1951437A1 SE 1951437 A1 SE1951437 A1 SE 1951437A1 SE 1951437 A SE1951437 A SE 1951437A SE 1951437 A SE1951437 A SE 1951437A SE 1951437 A1 SE1951437 A1 SE 1951437A1
Authority
SE
Sweden
Prior art keywords
powertrain
expansion device
drive shaft
joint
vehicle
Prior art date
Application number
SE1951437A
Other versions
SE545034C2 (en
Inventor
Mattias Ussner
Stefan Treutiger
Original Assignee
Scania Cv Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Scania Cv Ab filed Critical Scania Cv Ab
Priority to SE1951437A priority Critical patent/SE545034C2/en
Priority to DE102020132248.8A priority patent/DE102020132248A1/en
Publication of SE1951437A1 publication Critical patent/SE1951437A1/en
Publication of SE545034C2 publication Critical patent/SE545034C2/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/08—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means
    • B60K6/12—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable fluidic accumulator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K15/00—Adaptations of plants for special use
    • F01K15/02—Adaptations of plants for special use for driving vehicles, e.g. locomotives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/065—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle the combustion taking place in an internal combustion piston engine, e.g. a diesel engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/12—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engines being mechanically coupled
    • F01K23/14—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engines being mechanically coupled including at least one combustion engine
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/001—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units one motor mounted on a propulsion axle for rotating right and left wheels of this axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4808—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox output shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/10—Road Vehicles
    • B60Y2200/14—Trucks; Load vehicles, Busses
    • B60Y2200/142—Heavy duty trucks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/10—Road Vehicles
    • B60Y2200/14—Trucks; Load vehicles, Busses
    • B60Y2200/143—Busses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Braking Systems And Boosters (AREA)
  • Arrangement And Driving Of Transmission Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a powertrain (3) for a vehicle (1), the powertrain (3) comprising: a combustion engine (2) arranged to selectively provide propulsion torque to drive wheels (6) of a wheel axle (8) of the vehicle (1); a gearbox (4); and a drive shaft (10) connected to the gearbox (4) and the wheel axle (8), wherein the powertrain (3) further comprises a waste heat recovery system (20) with an expansion device (22) for converting recovered heat into mechanical work, wherein the expansion device (22) is arranged to transfer the mechanical work to the drive shaft (10).

Description

A powertrain and a vehicle comprising such a powertrain TECHNICAL FIELD The invention relates to a powertrain for a vehicle. The invention also relatesto a vehicle comprising such a powertrain. More specifically, the invention relates to a powertrain with a waste heat recovery system.
BACKGROUND Vehicie rnanufacturers are today striving to increase engine efficiency andreduce fuei consumption. With the increasing ciimate avrareness and the highimpact on C02 emissions frorn comhustion engines, every improvement inengine efficiency is important. This is specificaiiy an issue for manufacturersof heavy vehicies, such as trucks and huses. in vehicies with comhustionengines, some of the energy from the fuei is dissipated as heat through theexhaust pipes and the engine cooiing systern. iššy the use of a waste heatrecovery system, some of the dissipated heat may instead he tised to producentechanicai work. The rnechanicai work may for exarnpie he transferred to thepowertrain and thus he used to propei the vehicie. This way the engineefficiency and the fuei consumption can he improved.
Waste heat recovery systems are typicaiiy hased on the Ranitine cycie andthus cornprise a working fiuid, a pump for circuiating the vvorking fiuici in acircuit, at ieast one evaporator, an expansion device and at ieast onecondenser. The working fiuid is suitahiy in a iiouid state to start with. The pumppressurizes the working fiuid, tfvhich is pumpeci through the evaporator. Thetvoriting fiuid is heated hy the heat sourcets) iead through the evaporator andthe working fiuid therehy evaporates. The vapour is stihseutientiy expanded inthe expansion device. By rneans of the expansion device, the recovered heat is converted into niechenicei werk. The vepeur is thereefter ceeied in thecendeiiser, such thet the vverkiiig tiuid is brought beck te its initiei iiduid state.The condenser is thus typicaiiy connected te a ceeting circuit, vvhich ceuid bepart ot the engine ceeiing system er e separate eecting circuit. The ttiechsniceivverk generated byf the expansion device may be trensferred to the powertrainef the vehicie if the expansion device is rnecheniceiiy connected to thepowertrain. ilšecument US2GGQ21t253 At discieses e tfiiaste heat recoverysystem vvnere e sheft et e tutpine (expansion device) is ceupied te the enginecrankshatt. The niechanicei work generated by the expansion device is thustereue used te prepei the vehicie. in other knewn seiutiens, the expensiendevice iney be connected to en eieetric generator er te e shsft ef the geerbcxas disciosed in document USÉtBtTGOZZSEIåE At.
SUMMARY Despite known solutions in the field, it would be desirable to develop apowertrain for a vehicle, which alleviates or at least reduces drawbacks with prior art.
The object of the present invention is therefore to achieve a new andadvantageous powertrain, which enables better operation strategies of acombustion engine and thereby improves engine efficiency and fuelconsumption. Another object is to achieve a powertrain, which enables acompact waste heat recovery system and thereby reduces energy losses andreduces the risk for damages caused by vibrations.
The herein mentioned objects are achieved by a powertrain for a vehicle anda vehicle comprising such a powertrain according to the independent claims.
Hence, according to an aspect of the present invention, a powertrain for a vehicle is provided. The powertrain comprises: a combustion engine arranged to selectively provide propulsion torque to drive wheels of a wheel axle of thevehicle; a gearbox; and a drive shaft connected to the gearbox and the wheelaxle, wherein the powertrain further comprises a waste heat recovery systemwith an expansion device for converting recovered heat into mechanical work,wherein the expansion device is arranged to transfer the mechanical work tothe drive shaft.
According to another aspect of the invention, a vehicle with a wheel axle withdrive wheels is provided, the vehicle further comprising a powertrain asdisc|osed herein.
Vehioie potvertrains are oecorning rnore and rnore advanced and eieetricaidrive units are often used in addition to cornioustion engines in so-caiied hybridpovvertraiiis. With the possihiiity of eiectric oropuision, new operationstrategies ot the eornotistion engine are possihie and the eoinhustioit enginentay tor exantpie he used oniy' vvhen its etiioiency is optintai, and otherwise itrnay he turned ett. "this rneans that the cornoustion engine rnay be rnoretreduentiy turned oh" and started again. With a tfvaste heat recovery systern,such operation strategy rnay irnpiy chaiienges for the expansion devioe if it iscoupied to the corriioustion engine. For exarnoie, turning oii and starting thecornhustion engine vviii eause osciiiations, vvhich rnay resuit in high rnechanicaistress on the expansion device. Furthermore, when the expansion device isarranged to transfer the ntechanioai work to the oornhustion engine and thecornoustion engine ts turned ett, it is not possihie to charge the batteries ot aityhrid powertrain with the expansion device, in the event that the expansiondevice ts eoupied to an eieetric generator, the energy wiii he converted trornrnechanicai work to eiectricai energy, and then hack to ntechanicai tvork it itshouid he used to propei the vehicie. This eonversion trorn rnechanicai vvorkto eiectrioai ertergy and hack to rnechanieai work vviii cause high energy iosses.By arranging the expansion device of the waste heat recovery systern, suchthat the rneohanioai work is transterred direotiy to the drive shaft of the powertrain, the prohiern vvith osciiiations during engine start/'shutdovvn is eveided. Typieaiiy, the eonwpenente ef the waste heat recevery system aredistributed eieng the powertrain end the tranepert between the componentscauses energy/heat less-es. With the solution as disclesed herein, the tivaeteheet reeevery system cen be mere compact, which also leads te less eriergyiesses. Furthermore, by arranging the expansion device se thet themechenicai work ie trensferred te the drive snett, any batteriee ef the powertrain can be charged aiee when the cernbustien engine ie turned ett.
Further objects, advantages and novel features of the present invention willbecome apparent to one skilled in the art from the following details, and alsoby putting the invention into practice. Whereas examples of the invention aredescribed below, it should be noted that it is not restricted to the specific detailsdescribed. Specialists having access to the teachings herein will recognisefurther applications, modifications and incorporations within other fields, which are within the scope of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS For better understanding of the present invention and further objects andadvantages of it, the detailed description set out below should be read togetherwith the accompanying drawings, in which the same reference notations denote similar items in the various diagrams, and in which: Figure 1 schematically illustrates a side view of a vehicle according to anexample; Figure 2 schematically illustrates a powertrain according to an example; Figure 3 schematically illustrates powertrain according to an example; and Figure 4 schematically illustrates a powertrain according to an example.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION To enable improved engine efficiency in a reliable and improved way, apowertrain and a vehicle according to the present disclosure has been developed.
Hence, according to an aspect of the present disclosure, a powertrain for avehicle is provided, the powertrain comprising: a combustion engine arrangedto selectively provide propulsion torque to drive wheels of a wheel axle of thevehicle; a gearbox; and a drive shaft connected to the gearbox and the wheelaxle, wherein the powertrain further comprises a waste heat recovery systemwith an expansion device for converting recovered heat into mechanical work,wherein the expansion device is arranged to transfer the mechanical work tothe drive shaft. The expansion device may thus be coupled to the drive shaftof the powertrain. Compared to solutions where the expansion device iscoupled to the combustion engine, this arrangement will result in lessvibrations/oscillations affecting the expansion device.
The powertrain may be a hybrid powertrain and may thus further comprise anelectrical machine for propelling the vehicle. Such electrical machine may bearranged in connection with the gearbox. The drive shaft is connected to thegearbox and the wheel axle, such that propulsion torque can be transferredfrom the combustion engine and/or electrical machine to the drive wheels onthe wheel axle. The drive shaft may also be referred to as a cardan shaft andis thus arranged to connect the driving components of the powertrain with thedriven components. The drive shaft may also be referred to as a propellershaft. The drive shaft may comprise at least one rigid rod extending in the longitudinal extension of the vehicle.
The waste heat recovery system may further comprise a tvorking fiuid, a purnp'for circuiating the working 'fiuid in a Circuit, at ieast one evaporator and at least one condenser. The working fiuid is suitabiy in a iiquid state to start with. The ptirnp is configured to presstirize the working fioid, which is pumped throughthe evaporator. The working tiuid is heated by the vvaste heat iead through theevaporator and the working fitiid thereby evaporates. The waste heat maycome from exhaust gas 'irorn the coinbtistion engine. The tfapour isstibseduentiy expanded in the expansion device. iššy means of the expansiondevice, the recovered heat is converted into rtiechanicai work. The vapour isthereafter cooied in the condenser, such that the »working fitiid is brought backto its initiai iiduid state. The condenser may be connected to a cooiing circtiit,which coiiid be part of the engine cooiing system or a separate cooiing circuit.it is to be onderstood that the exact configuration ot the waste heat recoverysystem is not part of the invention per se and is not important for the disciosure,as iong as the waste heat recovery systern comprises an expansion deviceconfigured to convert recovered heat into mechanical work. The expansiondevice may be a piston expander, a turbine expander, a scroll expander or vane expander.
The drive shaft may comprise at least one joint and the expansion device maybe arranged to transfer the mechanical work to the at least one joint. Theexpansion device may thus be coupled to the at least one joint of the driveshaft. The expansion device may thus be coupled to the drive shaft via the atleast one joint or directly to the at least one rod of the drive shaft. The at leastone joint may be arranged to allow for variations in alignment, distance andmovement between the powertrain components connected by means of thedrive shaft. The at least one joint may be a universal joint, a jaw coupling orany otherjoint suitable for a drive shaft transmitting rotary motion. The at leaston joint may be configured as conventional universal joints. The at least onejoint may comprise a first part and a second part connected by means of across bar. The at least one joint may be arranged, such that the first part isconnected to the gearbox and the second part is connected to a rod of thedrive shaft. Typically, the first part of the at least one joint may be arrangedupstream of the second part of the at least one joint. Thus, the at least one joint may be arranged between the gearbox and the at least one rod of the drive shaft. The expansion device may be coupled to the first part of the atleast one joint to transfer the mechanical work. By arranging the expansiondevice, such that the mechanical work is transferred to the at least one joint,the whole waste heat recovery system can be arranged close to thecombustion engine without being affected by the oscillations of the combustionengine. The waste heat recovery system will this way be more compact and energy losses will be reduced.
The expansion device may be fixedly attached to the gearbox. By fixedlyattached means that the expansion device cannot move in relation to thegearbox. The expansion device may thus be arranged on the gearbox and becoupled to the drive shaft. This way, the expansion device will be subject toless vibration but still be arranged close to the combustion engine. Thecondenser of the waste heat recovery system may also be fixedly attached tothe gearbox. The different components of the waste heat recovery systemshould be arranged in the powertrain, such that they move together.Othervvise, there is a risk that the different components brake or that theconnections between the different components brake, due to oscillations andmovement between the components. Thus, all components of the waste heatrecovery system may be fixedly attached to the gearbox.
According to an example, the drive shaft comprises a first rigid rod and asecond rigid rod. The first rod may be shorter than the second rod. The driveshaft may also comprise a first joint and a second joint. The first rod may beconnected to the gearbox via the first joint. The first rod may further beconnected to the second rod via the second joint. The second rod may furtherbe connected to the wheel axle. The first part of the first joint may thus beconnected to the gearbox and the second part of the first joint may beconnected to a first end of the first rod. Furthermore, the first part of the secondjoint may be connected to a second end of the first rod and the second part ofthe second joint may be connected to a first end of the second rod. The first rod may also be rigidly attached to the vehicle frame. Typically, the first rod may be attached to the vehicle frame (chassis frame) in association with thesecond joint. ln this example, the expansion device may be arranged totransfer the mechanica| work to the second joint of the drive shaft. Theexpansion device may thus be coupled to the second joint. The expansiondevice may be coupled to the first part of the second joint to transfer themechanica| work to the drive shaft. Furthermore, the expansion device may befixedly attached to the vehicle frame. This way, the expansion device will besubject to less vibration and there will also be room for the other componentsof the waste heat recovery system. Thus, all components of the waste heatrecovery system may be fixedly attached to the vehicle frame.
According to an example, the powertrain comprises a differential gearconnecting the drive shaft and the wheel axle, wherein the expansion deviceis arranged to transfer the mechanica| work to the drive shaft, at a positioncloser to the gearbox than the differential gear. The differential gear mayconnect the drive shaft with two shafts of the wheel axle and thereby transferpropulsion torque to the drive wheels. Since the differential gear is connectedto the drive wheels, the differential gear may move a lot during operation of thevehicle. ln the event that the expansion device should have been arrangedclose to the differential gear or even be coupled directly to the differential gear,the expansion device would be subject to a lot of vibrations and thus highmechanical stress. By arranging the expansion device closer to the gearbox, it will be subject to less vibrations/movement and less mechanica| stress.
The powertrain may further comprise an arrangement for transferring themechanica| work from the expansion device to the drive shaft. Thearrangement may be referred to as a transferring arrangement. Thus, theexpansion device may be coupled to the drive shaft by means of the transferring arrangement.
According to an example, the transferring arrangement comprises belt pulleys and a belt connecting the expansion device and the drive shaft. The transferring arrangement may comprise a first pulley connected to theexpansion device and a second pulley connected to the drive shaft. The beltis thus arranged around, and connects, the first pulley and the second pulley.The mechanica| work converted by means of the expansion device will therebyrotate the first pulley, which by means of the belt will transfer power to thesecond pulley. By using a belt pulley arrangement, the mechanica| work caneasily be transferred from the expansion device to the drive shaft. The beltmay be a flexible/stretchable belt. This way, the belt will provide dampingbetween the expansion device and the drive shaft and allow for somemovement between the expansion device and the drive shaft. Furthermore,the belt may be pre-tensioned. This way, there is no need for conventional belttensioners, which causes mechanica| |osses and wear of the belt. The beltmay be a flat belt, v-belt or a ribbed-belt. A simple and robust solution fortransferring the mechanica| work is thereby achieved. The expansion devicemay be arranged, such that the first pulley is aligned with the second pulley.The expansion device may thus be arranged such that the rotational axis ofthe first pulley is parallel with the rotational axis of the second pulley. Theexpansion device may be arranged, such that the first pulley is arranged nextto, above or below the second pulley. The pulleys may have different diametersdepending on the needed gear ratio. When using belt pulleys and a belt, it iseven more important that the expansion device is arranged, so that no relativemotions between the expansion device and the driveshaft occur, sincemovement of the expansion device in relation to the drive shaft may cause the belt to slack, which would affect the transfer of the mechanica| work.
The first pulley and/or the second pulley may comprise a groove formedbetween flanges around the circumference of the pulley. The flanges will helpretain the belt in the groove. ln one example, the flanges may be outwardlydirected, to form a somewhat funnel shaped groove. This way, the risk for thebelt to move out of the groove is reduced.
The second pulley may be an integrated part of the at least one joint. Thesecond pulley may thus be formed by a groove in the at least one joint. Thesecond pulley may be formed in the first part of the at least one joint. The firstpart is subject to less vibrations since it for example is connected to thegearbox, and it is thus advantageous to connect the belt to this part of the atleast one joint. Alternatively, the second pulley is a separate componentconnected to the at least one joint. The second pulley may be connected tothe first part of the at least one joint. The second pulley may thus be arrangedbetween the gearbox and the first joint, or between the first rod of the driveshaft and the second joint.
Alternatively, the second pulley may be attached to the at least one rod of thedrive shaft. The second pulley may be arranged around the at least one rod ofthe drive shaft. ln this case, the second pulley is rotationally fixed in relation to the at least one rod of the drive shaft.
According to an example, the transferring arrangement comprises gear wheelsconnecting the expansion device and the drive shaft. The transferringarrangement may comprise a first gear wheel connected to the expansiondevice and a second gear wheel connected to the drive shaft, wherein the firstgear wheel and the second gear wheel are arranged in engagement with eachother. The mechanical work converted by means of the expansion device willthereby rotate the first gear wheel, which will rotate the second gear wheel. Byusing a gear wheel arrangement, the mechanical work can easily betransferred from the expansion device to the drive shaft. The second gearwheel may be an integrated part of the at least one joint. Alternatively, thesecond gear wheel may be a separate part attached/connected to the at leastone joint of the drive shaft. The second gear wheel may be attached/connectedto the first part or the second part of the at least one joint. Thus, the secondgear wheel may be arranged between the gearbox and the and the at leastone joint, or between the at least one joint and the rod of the drive shaft. 11 According to another example, the transferring arrangement comprisespinions/sprockets and a chain connecting the expansion device and the driveshafi.
According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a vehicle with a wheels axlewith wheels is provided. The vehicle further comprises a powertrain as disclosed herein.
The present disclosure will now be further illustrated with reference to the appended figures.
Figure 1 schematically illustrates a side view of a vehicle 1 according to anexample. The exemplified vehicle 1 may be a heavy vehicle in the shape of atruck, bus or similar. The vehicle 1 comprises drive wheels 6 on at least onewheel axle 8. The vehicle 1 has a powertrain 3 comprising a combustionengine 2, a gearbox 4, and a drive shaft 10 connected to the gearbox 4 andthe wheel axle 8. The vehicle 1 may further comprise a waste heat recoverysystem 20. The powertrain 3 of the vehicle 1 will be further described withregard to Figures 2-4.
Figure 2 schematically illustrates a powertrain 3 according to an example. Thepowertrain 3 may be arranged in a vehicle 1 as disclosed in Figure 1. Thepowertrain 3 may thus comprise a combustion engine 2 arranged to selectivelyprovide propulsion torque to drive wheels 6 of a wheel axle 8 of the vehicle 1;a gearbox 4; and a drive shaft 10 connected to the gearbox 4 and the wheelaxle 8. The powertrain 3 may further comprise a waste heat recovery system20 with an expansion device 22 for converting recovered heat into mechanicalwork, wherein the expansion device 22 is arranged to transfer the mechanicalwork to the drive shaft 10. The powertrain 3 may be a hybrid powertrain andmay thus further comprise an electrical machine (not shown) for propelling thevehicle 1. 12 The waste heat recovery system 20 is herein illustrated as a dotted box but itis to be understood that such a waste heat recovery system 20 typically furthercomprises a vxforkiiwg fiuid, a pump for circuiating the working fiuid in a Circuit, at least one evaporator and at least one concienser.
The drive shaft 10 may comprise at least one rigid rod 11' extending in theIongitudinal extension of the vehicle 1. The expansion device 22 may bearranged in association with the gearbox 4, coupled to the drive shaft 10. Thepowertrain 3 may further comprise a differential gear 12 connecting the driveshaft 10 and the wheel axle 8. The expansion device 22 may be arranged totransfer the mechanica| work to the drive shaft 10, at a position closer to thegearbox 4 than the differential gear 12. By arranging the expansion device 22closer to the gearbox 4, it will be subject to less vibrations/movement and lessmechanica| stress. The expansion device 22 may be fixedly attached to thegearbox 4, so that the expansion device 22 cannot move in relation to the gearbox 4.
The powertrain 3 may further comprise a transferring arrangement 30 fortransferring the mechanica| work from the expansion device 22 to the driveshaft 10. Thus, the expansion device 22 may be coupled to the drive shaft 10by means of the transferring arrangement 30. ln this example, the transferringarrangement 30 comprises gear wheels 42, 44 connecting the expansiondevice 22 and the drive shaft 10. The gear wheel arrangement 40 maycomprise a first gear wheel 42 connected to the expansion device 22 and asecond gear wheel 44 connected to the drive shaft 10, wherein the first gearwheel 42 and the second gear wheel 44 are arranged in engagement with eachother. This way, mechanica| work can be transferred from the expansiondevice 22 to the drive shaft 10.
Figure 3 schematically illustrates details of a powertrain 3 according to anexample. The powertrain 3 may be configured as disclosed in Figure 2, with the difference that the transferring arrangement 30 comprises belt pulleys 32, 13 34 and a belt 36. The transferring arrangement 30 will be further describedbelow. Further, in this example, the drive shaft 10 comprises a joint 50 and theexpansion device 22 is arranged to transfer the mechanical work to the joint50. The expansion device 22 is thus coupled to the joint 50 of the drive shaft10. The joint 50 may comprise a first part 52 and a second part 54 connectedto each other. The joint 50 may be arranged, such that the first part 52 isconnected to the gearbox 4 and the second part 54 is connected to a rod 11'of the drive shaft 10. The gearbox 4 is not i||ustrated in this figure, but the joint50 may be arranged between the gearbox 4 and the rod 11' of the drive shaft10. ln this example, the transferring arrangement 30 is thus arranged to transferthe mechanical work from the expansion device 22 to the joint 50 of the driveshaft 10. The transferring arrangement 30 may comprise a first pulley 32connected to the expansion device 22 and a second pulley 34 connected tothe drive shaft 10. The belt 36 is arranged around, and connects, the first pulley32 and the second pulley 34. The belt 36 may be a flexible belt. Furthermore,the belt 36 may be pre-tensioned. This way, there is no need for conventionalbelt tensioners, which causes mechanical losses and wear of the belt 36. Thebelt 36 may be a flat belt, ribbed belt or a v-belt. The expansion device 22 maybe arranged, such that the first pulley 32 is aligned with the second pulley 34.The expansion device 22 may thus be arranged such that the rotational axisof the first pulley 32 is parallel with the rotational axis of the second pulley 34.The first pulley 32 and/or the second pulley 34 may comprise a groove 33, 35formed between flanges around the circumference of the respective pulley 32,34.
The second pulley 34 may be an integrated part of the joint 50. The secondpulley 34 may thus be formed by a groove 35 in thejoint 50. The second pulley34 may be formed in the first part 52 of the joint 50. Alternatively, the secondpulley 34 is a separate component connected to thejoint 50. The second pulley 34 may in this case be connected to the first part 52 of the joint 50. The second 14 pulley 34 may thus be arranged between the gearbox 4 and the joint 50. Eventhough this figure shows the transferring arrangement 30 arranged to transfermechanical work between the expansion device 22 and the joint 50, it is to beunderstood that the second pulley 34 may be attached to the rod 11' of thedrive shaft 10. The second pulley 34 may thus be arranged rotationally fixedin relation to the rod 11' of the drive shaft 10.
Figure 4 schematically i||ustrates details of a powertrain 3 according to anexample. The powertrain 3 may be configured as disclosed in Figure 2 orFigure 3 but in this example, the drive shaft 10 comprises a first rod 11' and asecond rod 11". The powertrain 3 also comprises a firstjoint 50' and a secondjoint 50". The first rod 11' may be connected to the gearbox 4 via the first joint50". The first rod 11' may further be connected to the second rod 11" via thesecond joint 50". The second rod 11" may further be connected to the wheelaxle 8. The first joint 50' comprises a first part 52' and a second part 54', andthe second joint 50" comprises a first part 52" and a second part 54". The firstpart 52' of the first joint 50 may be connected to the gearbox 4 and the secondpart 54' of the first joint 50' may be connected to a first end 13' of the first rod11'. Furthermore, the first part 52" of the second joint 50" may be connectedto a second end 14' of the first rod 11' and the second part 54" of the secondjoint 50" may be connected to a first end 13" of the second rod 11".
The first rod 11' may be rigidly attached to the vehicle frame 5. The first rod11' may be attached to the vehicle frame 5 at the second end 14' of the firstrod 11'. Thus, the first rod 11' may be attached to the vehicle frame 5 (chassisframe) in association with the second joint 50". ln this example, the expansiondevice 22 may be arranged to transfer the mechanical work to the second joint50" of the drive shaft 10. The powertrain 3 thus comprises a transferringarrangement 30 arranged to transfer the mechanical work from the expansiondevice 22 to the second joint 50" of the drive shaft 10. The transferringarrangement 30 may comprise a first pulley 32 connected to the expansion device 22 and a second pulley 34 connected to the second rod 1 1" of the drive shaft 10. A belt 36 is arranged around, and connects, the first pulley 32 andthe second pulley 34. The belt 36 may be a flexible belt. Furthermore, the belt36 may be pre-tensioned. This way, there is no need for conventional belttensioners, which causes mechanical |osses and wear of the belt 36. The belt36 may be a flat belt. The expansion device 22 may be arranged, such that thefirst pulley 32 is aligned with the second pulley 34. The expansion device 22may thus be arranged such that the rotational axis of the first pulley 32 isparallel with the rotational axis of the second pulley 34. The first pulley 32and/or the second pulley 34 may comprise a groove 33, 35 formed betweenflanges around the circumference of the respective pulley 32, 34.
The second pulley 34 may be an integrated part of the second joint 50". Thesecond pulley 34 may thus be formed by a groove 35 in the second joint 50".The second pulley 34 may be formed in the first part 52" of the second joint50". Alternatively, the second pulley 34 is a separate component connected tothe second joint 50". The second pulley 34 may in this case be connected tothe first part 52" of the second joint 50". The second pulley 34 may thus bearranged between the first rod 11' and the second joint 50". ln this example, the expansion device 22 may be fixedly attached to the vehicleframe 5. Furthermore, all components of the waste heat recovery system 20may be fixedly attached to the vehicle frame 5.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the presentinvention is provided for illustrative and descriptive purposes. lt is not intendedto be exhaustive or to restrict the invention to the variants described. Manymodifications and variations will obviously be apparent to one skilled in the art.The embodiments have been chosen and described in order best to explainthe principles of the invention and its practical applications and hence make itpossible for specialists to understand the invention for various embodimentsand with the various modifications appropriate to the intended use.

Claims (9)

1. A powertrain (3) for a vehicle (1), the powertrain (3) comprising: a combustion engine (2) arranged to selectively providepropulsion torque to drive wheels (6) of a wheel axle (8) of the vehicle (1 ); a gearbox (4); and a drive shaft (10) connected to the gearbox (4) and the wheel axle(8),wherein the powertrain (3) further comprises a waste heat recovery system(20) with an expansion device (22) for converting recovered heat intomechanical work, wherein the expansion device (22) is arranged to transfer the mechanical work to the drive shaft (10).
2. The powertrain (3) according to claim 1, wherein the drive shaft (10)comprises at least one joint (50, 50', 50") and the expansion device (22) is arranged to transfer the mechanical work to the at least one joint (50, 50', 50").
3. The powertrain (3) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the expansion device(22) is fixedly attached to the gearbox (4).
4. The powertrain (3) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the expansion device(22) is fixedly attached to the vehicle frame (5).
5. The powertrain (3) according to any one of the preceding claims, furthercomprising:a transferring arrangement (30) for transferring the mechanical work from the expansion device (22) to the drive shaft (10).
6. The powertrain (3) according to claim 5, wherein the transferringarrangement (30) comprises belt pulleys (32, 34) and a belt (36) connectingthe expansion device (22) and the drive shaft (10). 17
7. The powertrain (30) according to claim 5, wherein the transferringarrangement (30) comprises gear wheels (42, 44) connecting the expansiondevice (22) and the drive shaft (10).
8. The powertrain (3) according to any one of the preceding claims, whereinthe powertrain (3) comprises a differential gear (12) connecting the drive shaft(10) and the wheel axle (8), wherein the expansion device (22) is arranged totransfer the mechanical work to the drive shaft (10), at a position closer to thegearbox (4) than the differential gear (12).
9. A vehicle (1) with a wheel axle (8) with drive wheels (6), the vehicle (1)further comprising a powertrain (3) according to any one of claims 1-8.
SE1951437A 2019-12-12 2019-12-12 A powertrain and a vehicle comprising such a powertrain SE545034C2 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE1951437A SE545034C2 (en) 2019-12-12 2019-12-12 A powertrain and a vehicle comprising such a powertrain
DE102020132248.8A DE102020132248A1 (en) 2019-12-12 2020-12-04 Drivetrain and a vehicle comprising such a drivetrain

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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SE1951437A SE545034C2 (en) 2019-12-12 2019-12-12 A powertrain and a vehicle comprising such a powertrain

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6450283B1 (en) * 2000-11-27 2002-09-17 Michael Blake Taggett Waste heat conversion system
US20030115877A1 (en) * 1999-12-08 2003-06-26 Tsuyoshi Bara Drive device
US20040231330A1 (en) * 2001-10-09 2004-11-25 Shigeru Ibaraki Rankine cycle system and vehicle therewith
DE102007006420A1 (en) * 2007-02-05 2008-08-07 Voith Patent Gmbh Motor vehicle drive train of a motor vehicle with a compressed air system
SE533402C2 (en) * 2008-09-03 2010-09-14 Scania Cv Abp Arrangement for energy recovery of a vehicle powered by an internal combustion engine
WO2011012441A1 (en) * 2009-07-31 2011-02-03 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Drive device having an internal combustion engine and an expansion machine using the waste heat
SE1750677A1 (en) * 2017-05-30 2018-12-01 Scania Cv Ab Control of a gearbox of a vehicle

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030115877A1 (en) * 1999-12-08 2003-06-26 Tsuyoshi Bara Drive device
US6450283B1 (en) * 2000-11-27 2002-09-17 Michael Blake Taggett Waste heat conversion system
US20040231330A1 (en) * 2001-10-09 2004-11-25 Shigeru Ibaraki Rankine cycle system and vehicle therewith
DE102007006420A1 (en) * 2007-02-05 2008-08-07 Voith Patent Gmbh Motor vehicle drive train of a motor vehicle with a compressed air system
US20100101228A1 (en) * 2007-02-05 2010-04-29 Voith Turbo Gmbh & Co. Kg Drive train comprising an expander driven by fluid or steam
SE533402C2 (en) * 2008-09-03 2010-09-14 Scania Cv Abp Arrangement for energy recovery of a vehicle powered by an internal combustion engine
WO2011012441A1 (en) * 2009-07-31 2011-02-03 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Drive device having an internal combustion engine and an expansion machine using the waste heat
SE1750677A1 (en) * 2017-05-30 2018-12-01 Scania Cv Ab Control of a gearbox of a vehicle

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