RU94046276A - Способ получения этиленового полимера - Google Patents
Способ получения этиленового полимераInfo
- Publication number
- RU94046276A RU94046276A RU94046276/04A RU94046276A RU94046276A RU 94046276 A RU94046276 A RU 94046276A RU 94046276/04 A RU94046276/04 A RU 94046276/04A RU 94046276 A RU94046276 A RU 94046276A RU 94046276 A RU94046276 A RU 94046276A
- Authority
- RU
- Russia
- Prior art keywords
- butene
- production
- ethylene
- ethylene polymer
- hafnium
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F210/16—Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
- C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
- C08F2/18—Suspension polymerisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
- C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
- C08F4/6592—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring
- C08F4/65922—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring containing at least two cyclopentadienyl rings, fused or not
- C08F4/65927—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring containing at least two cyclopentadienyl rings, fused or not two cyclopentadienyl rings being mutually bridged
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F6/00—Post-polymerisation treatments
- C08F6/24—Treatment of polymer suspensions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F110/00—Homopolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F110/02—Ethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F110/00—Homopolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F110/04—Monomers containing three or four carbon atoms
- C08F110/06—Propene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F210/02—Ethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F210/16—Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers
- C08F210/18—Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers with non-conjugated dienes, e.g. EPT rubbers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
- C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
- C08F4/65912—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond in combination with an organoaluminium compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
- C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
- C08F4/6592—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring
- C08F4/65922—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring containing at least two cyclopentadienyl rings, fused or not
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S526/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
- Y10S526/943—Polymerization with metallocene catalysts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
Abstract
Способ получения этилен-1-бутенового или этилен(1-бутен) диенового эластомера суспензионной полимеризацией мономеров в полимеризационной среде, состоящей в основном из избытка 1-бутена, который удерживают в жидкой форме, осуществляемый в присутствии катализатора на основе металлоценового соединения титана, циркония или гафния. Этот способ свободен от возможности загрязнения реактора, а его осуществление позволяет выделять полимер без использования водяного пара в качестве инертного агента, содействующего отпарке.
Claims (1)
- Способ получения этилен-1-бутенового или этилен(1-бутен) диенового эластомера суспензионной полимеризацией мономеров в полимеризационной среде, состоящей в основном из избытка 1-бутена, который удерживают в жидкой форме, осуществляемый в присутствии катализатора на основе металлоценового соединения титана, циркония или гафния. Этот способ свободен от возможности загрязнения реактора, а его осуществление позволяет выделять полимер без использования водяного пара в качестве инертного агента, содействующего отпарке.
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ITMI921498A IT1262950B (it) | 1992-06-18 | 1992-06-18 | Catalizzatori per la polimerizzazione di olefine |
ITMI92A001498 | 1992-06-18 | ||
ITM192A001498 | 1992-06-18 | ||
IT93MI000943A IT1264406B1 (it) | 1993-05-11 | 1993-05-11 | Copolimeri amorfi dell'etilene con alfa-olefine e procedimento per la loro preparazione |
ITM193A000943 | 1993-05-11 | ||
ITMI93A000943 | 1993-05-11 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
RU94046276A true RU94046276A (ru) | 1996-12-27 |
RU2118962C1 RU2118962C1 (ru) | 1998-09-20 |
Family
ID=26330887
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
RU94046276A RU2118962C1 (ru) | 1992-06-18 | 1993-06-16 | Способ получения этиленового полимера |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5565533A (ru) |
EP (1) | EP0647243B1 (ru) |
JP (1) | JPH08501325A (ru) |
KR (1) | KR100280253B1 (ru) |
CN (1) | CN1042340C (ru) |
AT (1) | ATE164169T1 (ru) |
CA (1) | CA2137777A1 (ru) |
DE (1) | DE69317566T2 (ru) |
ES (1) | ES2115061T3 (ru) |
FI (1) | FI945873A (ru) |
RU (1) | RU2118962C1 (ru) |
WO (1) | WO1993025591A1 (ru) |
Families Citing this family (34)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6545088B1 (en) | 1991-12-30 | 2003-04-08 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Metallocene-catalyzed process for the manufacture of EP and EPDM polymers |
IT1264482B1 (it) | 1993-06-30 | 1996-09-23 | Spherilene Srl | Copolimeri amorfi dell'etilene con propilene e procedimento per la loro preparazione |
IT1264483B1 (it) * | 1993-06-30 | 1996-09-23 | Spherilene Srl | Copolimeri elastomerici dell'etilene con propilene |
IT1271407B (it) * | 1993-09-13 | 1997-05-28 | Spherilene Srl | Procedimento per la preparazione di copolimeri elastomerici dell'etilene e prodotti ottenuti |
WO1995016716A1 (en) * | 1993-12-14 | 1995-06-22 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Process for producing elastomers with an indenyl metallocene catalyst system |
US6300451B1 (en) | 1994-10-24 | 2001-10-09 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Long-chain branched polymers and their production |
UA47394C2 (ru) * | 1995-05-16 | 2002-07-15 | Юнівейшн Текнолоджіз, Ллс | Этиленовый полимер, имеющий повышенную обрабатываемость и изделие, содержащее этиленовый полимер |
JPH11509881A (ja) * | 1995-06-29 | 1999-08-31 | ディーエスエム エヌ.ブイ. | エラストマー状コポリマー |
NL1000687C2 (en) * | 1995-06-29 | 1996-12-31 | Dsm Nv | Ethylene-~a-olefin(-diene) copolymer for prodn. of thermoplastic elastomers |
US6225426B1 (en) * | 1996-04-10 | 2001-05-01 | Uniroyal Chemical Company, Inc. | Process for producing polyolefin elastomer employing a metallocene catalyst |
IT1283630B1 (it) * | 1996-05-09 | 1998-04-23 | Enichem Spa | Procedimento per la preparazione di copolimeri elastomerici ep(d)m |
PT835886E (pt) * | 1996-10-09 | 2004-05-31 | Atofina Res | Processo para a preparacao e utilizacao de compostos de dicloreto de (bis(indenil)etano)zirconio meso/racemico |
JP4579413B2 (ja) * | 1998-04-07 | 2010-11-10 | エクソンモービル・ケミカル・パテンツ・インク | 重合方法 |
US6977283B1 (en) | 1998-04-07 | 2005-12-20 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Polymerization process |
US6160145A (en) * | 1998-10-23 | 2000-12-12 | Albemarle Corporation | Transition metal compounds having conjugate aluminoxate anions and their use as catalyst components |
US6555494B2 (en) | 1998-10-23 | 2003-04-29 | Albemarle Corporation | Transition metal compounds having conjugate aluminoxate anions, their preparation and their use as catalyst components |
US20040002420A1 (en) * | 1998-10-23 | 2004-01-01 | Feng-Jung Wu | Stable catalysts and co-catalyst compositions formed from hydroxyaluminoxane and their use |
US6462212B1 (en) | 1998-10-23 | 2002-10-08 | Albemarle Corporation | Transition metal compounds having conjugate aluminoxate anions and their use as catalyst components |
US6492292B2 (en) | 1998-10-23 | 2002-12-10 | Albemarle Corporation | Gelatinous compositions formed from hydroxyaluminoxane, solid compositions formed therefrom, and the use of such compositions as catalyst components |
US6812182B2 (en) | 1998-10-23 | 2004-11-02 | Albemarle Corporation | Compositions formed from hydroxyaluminoxane and their use as catalyst components |
EP1022292B1 (en) * | 1999-01-21 | 2005-05-04 | JSR Corporation | Ethylene-1-butene random copolymer and polypropylene resin composition comprising the same |
WO2002083783A1 (en) * | 2001-04-13 | 2002-10-24 | Pirelli Pneumatici S.P.A. | Product in subdivided form for preparing crosslinkable elastomeric compositions |
US7459511B2 (en) * | 2001-06-12 | 2008-12-02 | Basell Polyolefine Gmbh | Process for the polymerization of 1-butene |
ES2278933T3 (es) * | 2001-06-20 | 2007-08-16 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Procedimiento para la preparacion de oligomeros. |
US6825253B2 (en) * | 2002-07-22 | 2004-11-30 | General Cable Technologies Corporation | Insulation compositions containing metallocene polymers |
WO2004033510A2 (en) * | 2002-10-10 | 2004-04-22 | Basell Polyolefine Gmbh | Process for the copolymerization of ethylene |
US7700707B2 (en) | 2002-10-15 | 2010-04-20 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Polyolefin adhesive compositions and articles made therefrom |
US7223822B2 (en) | 2002-10-15 | 2007-05-29 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Multiple catalyst and reactor system for olefin polymerization and polymers produced therefrom |
CA2499951C (en) | 2002-10-15 | 2013-05-28 | Peijun Jiang | Multiple catalyst system for olefin polymerization and polymers produced therefrom |
JP4897670B2 (ja) * | 2004-05-04 | 2012-03-14 | バーゼル・ポリオレフィン・ゲーエムベーハー | アタクチック1−ブテンポリマー類の製造方法 |
ES2758356T3 (es) | 2010-12-21 | 2020-05-05 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Polímeros basados en olefinas y polimerizaciones en dispersión |
KR20140144076A (ko) | 2013-06-10 | 2014-12-18 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 3원계 탄성 공중합체의 제조 방법 |
IT201800006303A1 (it) | 2018-06-14 | 2019-12-14 | Configurazione di reazione e procedimento per la produzione di polimeri | |
KR102505939B1 (ko) * | 2020-09-24 | 2023-03-03 | 주식회사 모노리스 | 초저밀도 고탄성을 갖는 폴리올레핀 엘라스토머 공중합체의 제조방법 및 그에 의해 제조된 폴리올레핀 엘라스토머 공중합체 |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IL85097A (en) * | 1987-01-30 | 1992-02-16 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Catalysts based on derivatives of a bis(cyclopentadienyl)group ivb metal compound,their preparation and their use in polymerization processes |
JPH0742301B2 (ja) * | 1987-02-14 | 1995-05-10 | 三井石油化学工業株式会社 | 微粒子状アルミノオキサン、その製法およびその用途 |
US5008228A (en) * | 1988-03-29 | 1991-04-16 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Method for preparing a silica gel supported metallocene-alumoxane catalyst |
US4871705A (en) * | 1988-06-16 | 1989-10-03 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Process for production of a high molecular weight ethylene a-olefin elastomer with a metallocene alumoxane catalyst |
US5229478A (en) * | 1988-06-16 | 1993-07-20 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Process for production of high molecular weight EPDM elastomers using a metallocene-alumoxane catalyst system |
MX172794B (es) * | 1988-08-01 | 1994-01-13 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Mejoras en composicion de aditivos dispersante lubricadores a base de novedosos polimeros etilen alfa-olefinicos sustituidos con acidos mono y dicarboxilicos y proceso para producirlos |
KR920006464B1 (ko) * | 1988-09-14 | 1992-08-07 | 미쓰이 세끼유 가가꾸 고오교오 가부시끼가이샤 | 올레핀중합용 촉매성분, 올레핀중합용 촉매 및 이 올레핀중합용 촉매를 사용한 올레핀의 중합방법 |
US5091352A (en) * | 1988-09-14 | 1992-02-25 | Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd. | Olefin polymerization catalyst component, olefin polymerization catalyst and process for the polymerization of olefins |
JPH0445110A (ja) * | 1990-06-12 | 1992-02-14 | Japan Synthetic Rubber Co Ltd | エチレン系共重合体の製造方法 |
DE9007031U1 (de) * | 1990-06-25 | 1990-09-13 | Schultz, Horst, Dipl.-Ing., 6203 Hochheim | Kochgefäß |
US5087788A (en) * | 1991-03-04 | 1992-02-11 | Ethyl Corporation | Preparation of high purity vinylindene olefin |
-
1993
- 1993-06-16 CA CA002137777A patent/CA2137777A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-06-16 DE DE69317566T patent/DE69317566T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-06-16 WO PCT/EP1993/001528 patent/WO1993025591A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1993-06-16 KR KR1019940704603A patent/KR100280253B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-06-16 JP JP6501137A patent/JPH08501325A/ja active Pending
- 1993-06-16 EP EP93912994A patent/EP0647243B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-06-16 AT AT93912994T patent/ATE164169T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-06-16 ES ES93912994T patent/ES2115061T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-06-16 RU RU94046276A patent/RU2118962C1/ru active
- 1993-06-18 CN CN93109033A patent/CN1042340C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1994
- 1994-12-14 FI FI945873A patent/FI945873A/fi unknown
-
1995
- 1995-06-06 US US08/471,634 patent/US5565533A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE164169T1 (de) | 1998-04-15 |
RU2118962C1 (ru) | 1998-09-20 |
WO1993025591A1 (en) | 1993-12-23 |
ES2115061T3 (es) | 1998-06-16 |
US5565533A (en) | 1996-10-15 |
EP0647243B1 (en) | 1998-03-18 |
KR950702211A (ko) | 1995-06-19 |
CN1087097A (zh) | 1994-05-25 |
CA2137777A1 (en) | 1993-12-23 |
DE69317566D1 (de) | 1998-04-23 |
JPH08501325A (ja) | 1996-02-13 |
KR100280253B1 (ko) | 2001-02-01 |
DE69317566T2 (de) | 1998-09-24 |
CN1042340C (zh) | 1999-03-03 |
EP0647243A1 (en) | 1995-04-12 |
FI945873A0 (fi) | 1994-12-14 |
FI945873A (fi) | 1994-12-14 |
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