RU2346996C2 - Improved leaching of base metals - Google Patents

Improved leaching of base metals Download PDF

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Publication number
RU2346996C2
RU2346996C2 RU2007102212/02A RU2007102212A RU2346996C2 RU 2346996 C2 RU2346996 C2 RU 2346996C2 RU 2007102212/02 A RU2007102212/02 A RU 2007102212/02A RU 2007102212 A RU2007102212 A RU 2007102212A RU 2346996 C2 RU2346996 C2 RU 2346996C2
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ore
leaching
solution
fraction
leach solution
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RU2007102212/02A
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Russian (ru)
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RU2007102212A (en
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Колин Джон ХАНТЕР (AU)
Колин Джон Хантер
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ЮРОПИЭН НИКЕЛЬ ПиЭлСи
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
    • C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
    • C22B1/242—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders
    • C22B1/243—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders inorganic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
    • C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
    • C22B23/04—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
    • C22B23/0407—Leaching processes
    • C22B23/0415—Leaching processes with acids or salt solutions except ammonium salts solutions
    • C22B23/043—Sulfurated acids or salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
    • C22B23/04—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
    • C22B23/0453—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
    • C22B23/0461—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by chemical methods
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/04—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
    • C22B3/06—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching in inorganic acid solutions, e.g. with acids generated in situ; in inorganic salt solutions other than ammonium salt solutions
    • C22B3/08—Sulfuric acid, other sulfurated acids or salts thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Abstract

FIELD: metallurgy.
SUBSTANCE: invention refers to hydrometallurgy, particularly to method of leaching of base metals out of oxidised ores, for example, out of laterite ore, at extraction of nickel and/or cobalt by heap leaching. The method consists in (a) dividing ore to small and large fractions, (b) leaching of large fraction of ore in a leaching solution with a corresponding leaching agent for leaching out metals contained therein, and (c) using small fractions of ore or part of it for neutralisation or partial neutralisation of the leaching agent contained in a saturated leaching solution obtained at stage (b) to transfer certain amount or total amount of saturated leaching solution for further purifying or refining. Then a base metal, for example, nickel and/or cobalt is extracted out of the solution.
EFFECT: reduction of operational costs and increased efficiency of extracting metals from ore.
10 cl, 1 dwg

Description

Область примененияApplication area

Настоящее изобретение относится к выщелачиванию основных металлов из окисленных руд. В частности, настоящее изобретение предназначено для применения в извлечении никеля и кобальта из латеритовых руд в условиях кучного выщелачивания.The present invention relates to the leaching of base metals from oxidized ores. In particular, the present invention is intended for use in the recovery of nickel and cobalt from laterite ores under heap leaching conditions.

Предшествующий уровень техникиState of the art

Применение технологий кучного выщелачивания при извлечении основных металлов, например меди, из отложений окисленной руды хорошо известно. Например, если интересующим основным металлом является медь и вмещающая порода достаточно окислена, то окисленную руду можно раздробить до соответствующего размера, сложить в кучи и выщелачивать с раствором серной кислоты (SME Minerals Processing Handbook, Ed. NL Weiss, Society of Mineral Engineers ISBN 0-89520-433-6).The use of heap leaching technologies in the extraction of base metals, such as copper, from oxidized ore deposits is well known. For example, if the base metal of interest is copper and the host rock is sufficiently oxidized, the oxidized ore can be crushed to the appropriate size, piled and leached with a solution of sulfuric acid (SME Minerals Processing Handbook, Ed. NL Weiss, Society of Mineral Engineers ISBN 0- 89520-433-6).

Часто получается место, что руда после раздробления содержит значительный уровень мелкозернистого материала, такого как глина или глиноподобный материал. Этот материал, если не осуществить предупредительные меры, может мешать проницаемости кучи и, следовательно, уменьшать эффективность процесса кучного выщелачивания. Имея дело с такими рудами, обычно осуществляют агломерацию руды с водой или рабочим раствором и с цементом. Агломерацию проводят в агломерационном барабане непосредственно перед складыванием в кучу.It often turns out that the ore after crushing contains a significant level of fine-grained material, such as clay or clay-like material. This material, if precautionary measures are not taken, can interfere with the permeability of the heap and, therefore, reduce the efficiency of the heap leaching process. When dealing with such ores, ore is usually agglomerated with water or a working solution and with cement. Agglomeration is carried out in an agglomeration drum immediately before heaping.

В процессе агломерации мелкие частицы налипают на более крупные частицы и таким образом делают впоследствии образованную кучу более проницаемой для рабочего выщелачивающего раствора. Мелкие фракции в куче связываются в ходе агломерации и затем не могут перемещаться и приводить к забиванию кучи и/или образованию каналов выщелачивающего раствора, что иначе могло бы привести к длительному времени выщелачивания и к не полностью выщелоченным карманам внутри кучи.During the agglomeration process, small particles adhere to larger particles and thus make the heap subsequently formed more permeable to the working leach solution. Fine fractions in the heap are bound during agglomeration and then cannot move and lead to clogging of the heap and / or formation of channels of the leach solution, which otherwise could lead to a long leaching time and to incompletely leached pockets inside the heap.

Когда для кучного выщелачивания никеля из латеритовых руд используется серная кислота, кинетика выщелачивания может быть очень медленной. Можно использовать выщелачивающие растворы с высокой концентрацией кислоты, чтобы частично это преодолеть. В таком случае скорость расхода кислоты, когда раствор проходит через кучу, также будет медленной и концентрация кислоты в растворе, выделяющемся из основы кучи, не будет значительно отличаться от концентрации в растворе, подводимом к верху кучи. Это приведет к высоким концентрациям кислоты в растворе, который поступает из установки для выщелачивания в установку для извлечения металлов. Если эту кислоту нельзя извлечь, то это может привести к значительным производственным расходам, которые будут осложнены необходимостью добавления большего количества химических веществ, таких как известняк, для нейтрализации этой кислоты с тем, чтобы основные металлы могли быть эффективно извлечены.When sulfuric acid is used to heap nickel from laterite ores, the leaching kinetics can be very slow. High acid concentration leach solutions can be used to partially overcome this. In this case, the acid flow rate when the solution passes through the heap will also be slow and the concentration of acid in the solution released from the base of the heap will not significantly differ from the concentration in the solution supplied to the top of the heap. This will lead to high concentrations of acid in the solution, which flows from the leach plant to the metal recovery plant. If this acid cannot be extracted, this can lead to significant manufacturing costs, which will be complicated by the need to add more chemicals, such as limestone, to neutralize this acid so that the base metals can be efficiently recovered.

Предметом настоящего изобретения является преодоление вышеупомянутых проблем, относящихся к предшествующему уровню техники, или, по меньшей мере, создание ему удобной альтернативы.It is an object of the present invention to overcome the aforementioned problems of the prior art, or at least provide a convenient alternative to it.

Предыдущее пояснение предшествующего уровня техники предназначено только для того, чтобы облегчить понимание настоящего изобретения. Следует учесть, что это пояснение не является подтверждением или признанием того, что вышесказанное было частью общеизвестных знаний в Австралии или любой другой стране или регионе до даты приоритета заявки.The previous explanation of the prior art is intended only to facilitate understanding of the present invention. Please note that this explanation is not a confirmation or recognition that the foregoing was part of well-known knowledge in Australia or any other country or region prior to the priority date of the application.

Сущность изобретенияSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Согласно настоящему изобретению создан способ выщелачивания основных металлов из окисленных руд, включающий стадии, на которыхAccording to the present invention, a method for leaching base metals from oxidized ores is provided, comprising the steps of

а) разделяют руду, которую будут выщелачивать, на мелкие и крупные фракции или потоки;a) divide the ore to be leached into small and large fractions or streams;

б) выщелачивают крупную фракцию руды в выщелачивающем растворе с соответствующим выщелачивающим агентом для выщелачивания содержащихся металлов; иb) leach a large fraction of the ore in a leach solution with an appropriate leach agent to leach the contained metals; and

в) используют мелкую фракцию руды или ее часть, чтобы нейтрализовать или частично нейтрализовать выщелачивающий агент, содержащийся в насыщенном выщелачивающем растворе, полученном на стадии (б), до перевода некоторого количества или всего насыщенного выщелачивающего раствора для дальнейшей очистки или другой требуемой обработки.c) use a small fraction of the ore or part thereof to neutralize or partially neutralize the leaching agent contained in the saturated leach solution obtained in stage (b) before transferring some or all of the saturated leach solution for further purification or other required treatment.

Предпочтительно переводить некоторое количество или весь нейтрализованный или частично нейтрализованный насыщенный выщелачивающий раствор со стадии (в) в установку для извлечения основного металла.It is preferable to transfer some or all of the neutralized or partially neutralized saturated leach solution from step (c) to a base metal recovery unit.

Еще предпочтительнее, чтобы руда представляла собой латеритовую руду, содержащую никель и кобальт.Even more preferably, the ore is a lateritic ore containing nickel and cobalt.

Еще более предпочтительно выщелачивать крупную фракцию руды в одну или более куч.It is even more preferable to leach a large fraction of the ore into one or more heaps.

В одном воплощении изобретения можно осуществить агломерацию руды с серной кислотой до образования каждой кучи.In one embodiment of the invention, it is possible to agglomerate the ore with sulfuric acid to form each heap.

В другом воплощении изобретения пиросульфит натрия или диоксид серы добавляют к выщелачивающему раствору на основе серной кислоты.In another embodiment of the invention, sodium pyrosulfite or sulfur dioxide is added to the sulfuric acid leach solution.

Настоящее изобретение будет описано только посредством примера со ссылкой на одно воплощение настоящего изобретения и прилагаемых графических материалов, где на чертеже графически представлена установка для выщелачивания согласно способу настоящего изобретения.The present invention will only be described by way of example with reference to one embodiment of the present invention and the accompanying graphic materials, in which the leaching apparatus according to the method of the present invention is graphically shown.

Лучший(е) вариант(ы) осуществления изобретенияThe best option (s) for carrying out the invention

На чертеже показана схема технологического процесса, иллюстрирующая одно возможное промышленное применение способа согласно настоящему изобретению при применении в условиях кучного выщелачивания.The drawing shows a flow diagram illustrating one possible industrial application of the method according to the present invention when used in heap leaching conditions.

Латеритовую руду, содержащую никель и кобальт, добывают и дробят, чтобы пропустить через 12 мм сетку в дробильно-сортировочной установке 10. В процессе дробления любые частицы размером менее приблизительно 75 микрометров в диаметре (<75 мкм), мелкая фракция, удаляют из основной массы руды и хранят в емкости для хранения мелких фракций 12. Кучу крупной руды 14 складывают на непроницаемую мембрану 16 известным способом, используя крупную фракцию руды более 75 мкм.Laterite ore containing nickel and cobalt is mined and crushed to pass through a 12 mm screen in a crushing and screening plant 10. During crushing, any particles smaller than about 75 micrometers in diameter (<75 microns), a fine fraction, are removed from the bulk ores and stored in a container for storing fine fractions 12. A pile of coarse ore 14 is stacked on an impermeable membrane 16 in a known manner using a coarse ore fraction of more than 75 μm.

Затем над кучей крупной руды 14 размещают сетчатую систему 18, чтобы наполнить кучу 14 выщелачивающим раствором на основе серной кислоты из хранилища выщелачивающего раствора 20 с помощью насоса 22. Надлежащая концентрация кислоты или рН в хранилище выщелачивающего раствора 20 поддерживается добавлением серной кислоты.Then, a mesh system 18 is placed over the coarse ore 14 to fill the heap 14 with a sulfuric acid leach solution from the leach solution 20 using the pump 22. The proper acid concentration or pH in the leach solution 20 is maintained by the addition of sulfuric acid.

Трубопровод 24 обеспечивает направление насыщенного выщелачивающего раствора в отстойник 26, из которого насыщенный выщелачивающий раствор может течь под действием силы тяжести по линии 28 к хранилищу выщелачивающего раствора 20 или может отводиться по линии 30 из процесса выщелачивания в установку для нейтрализации мелких фракций 32. Отстойник 26 содержит насос (не показан).Pipeline 24 directs the saturated leach solution into the sump 26, from which the saturated leach solution can flow under the influence of gravity along line 28 to the leach solution storage 20 or can be diverted along line 30 from the leach process to the fine fraction neutralization unit 32. The sump 26 contains pump (not shown).

Мелкую руду из емкости для хранения мелких фракций 12 используют в установке для нейтрализации мелких фракций 32, чтобы нейтрализовать некоторое количество или всю серную кислоту, содержащуюся в растворе, в сливе из кучи 14. Некоторое количество или весь этот обработанный раствор затем можно пропустить в установку для извлечения металлов. Твердые отходы из установки для нейтрализации мелких фракций 32 можно отбросить (см. чертеж). Альтернативно, если твердые отходы имеют довольно высокое содержание металла, их можно использовать повторно в установке для выщелачивания и снова смешать с крупной рудой.Fine ore from the fine fraction storage tank 12 is used in the fine fraction neutralization unit 32 to neutralize some or all of the sulfuric acid contained in the solution in the heap discharge 14. A certain amount or all of this treated solution can then be passed into the installation for metal recovery. Solid waste from the installation to neutralize fine fractions 32 can be discarded (see drawing). Alternatively, if the solid waste has a fairly high metal content, it can be reused in the leach plant and mixed again with coarse ore.

Можно видеть, что способ настоящего изобретения дает результативность по сравнению с процессами предшествующего уровня техники, по меньшей мере, частично благодаря применению мелких фракций для нейтрализации насыщенного выщелачивающего раствора до извлечения металла.You can see that the method of the present invention gives efficiency compared with the processes of the prior art, at least in part due to the use of fine fractions to neutralize the saturated leach solution before metal recovery.

Предусматривается, что стадию агломерации можно использовать до складывания кучи 14 и что пиросульфит натрия или диоксид серы можно добавлять к выщелачивающему раствору на основе серной кислоты.It is envisaged that the agglomeration step can be used before folding heap 14, and that sodium pyrosulfite or sulfur dioxide can be added to the sulfuric acid leach solution.

Подразумевается, что проведение границы между мелкой и крупной фракциями может отличаться в разных применениях. А именно, определение размера того, что составляет мелкую фракцию, может изменяться в зависимости от ряда факторов в пределах этого способа, включая конкретную минералогию руды.It is understood that the boundary between the fine and coarse fractions may vary in different applications. Namely, the determination of the size of what constitutes a fine fraction can vary depending on a number of factors within this method, including the specific mineralogy of the ore.

Считается, что модификации и изменения, которые очевидны квалифицированному специалисту в данной области, находятся в пределах объема настоящего изобретения.It is believed that modifications and changes that are obvious to a qualified specialist in this field are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. Способ выщелачивания основных металлов из окисленных руд, при котором
а) разделяют руду, которую будут выщелачивать, на мелкие и крупные фракции или потоки;
б) выщелачивают крупную фракцию руды в выщелачивающем растворе с подходящим выщелачивающим агентом для выщелачивания содержащихся металлов; и
в) используют мелкую фракцию руды или ее часть, чтобы нейтрализовать или частично нейтрализовать выщелачивающий агент, содержащийся в насыщенном выщелачивающем растворе, полученном на стадии (б), до перевода некоторого количества или всего насыщенного выщелачивающего раствора для дальнейшей очистки или другой требуемой обработки.1. The method of leaching of base metals from oxidized ores, in which
a) divide the ore to be leached into small and large fractions or streams;
b) leaching a large fraction of the ore in a leaching solution with a suitable leaching agent for leaching the contained metals; and
c) use a small fraction of the ore or part thereof to neutralize or partially neutralize the leaching agent contained in the saturated leach solution obtained in stage (b) before transferring some or all of the saturated leach solution for further purification or other required treatment. 2. Способ по п.1, в котором некоторое количество или весь нейтрализованный или частично нейтрализованный насыщенный выщелачивающий раствор со стадии (в) переводят в установку для извлечения основного металла.2. The method according to claim 1, in which some or all of the neutralized or partially neutralized saturated leach solution from stage (C) is transferred to the installation for the extraction of the base metal. 3. Способ по п.1, в котором руда представляет собой латеритовую руду, содержащую никель и кобальт.3. The method according to claim 1, in which the ore is a lateritic ore containing nickel and cobalt. 4. Способ по п.1, в котором крупную фракцию руды выщелачивают в одной или более куч.4. The method according to claim 1, in which a large fraction of the ore is leached in one or more heaps. 5. Способ по п.4, в котором руду подвергают агломерации с серной кислотой до образования каждой кучи.5. The method according to claim 4, in which the ore is subjected to agglomeration with sulfuric acid to the formation of each heap. 6. Способ по п.1, в котором выщелачивающий агент представляет собой или содержит серную кислоту.6. The method according to claim 1, in which the leaching agent is or contains sulfuric acid. 7. Способ по п.5, в котором к выщелачивающему раствору на основе серной кислоты добавляют пиросульфит натрия или диоксид серы.7. The method according to claim 5, in which sodium pyrosulfite or sulfur dioxide is added to the leaching solution based on sulfuric acid. 8. Способ по любому из пп.1-7, в котором частицы руды с размером менее приблизительно 75 мкм составляют мелкую фракцию.8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, in which ore particles with a size of less than about 75 microns comprise a fine fraction. 9. Способ по любому из пп.1-7, в котором частицы руды с размером более приблизительно 75 мкм составляют крупную фракцию.9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, in which ore particles with a size of more than about 75 microns comprise a coarse fraction. 10. Способ кучного выщелачивания никеля и/или кобальта из окисленных руд, при котором
а) разделяют руду, которую будут выщелачивать, на мелкие и крупные фракции руды или потоки;
б) выщелачивают крупную фракцию руды в одной или более куч выщелачивающим раствором, содержащим выщелачивающий агент на основе серной кислоты; и
в) используют мелкую фракцию руды или ее часть, чтобы нейтрализовать или частично нейтрализовать выщелачивающий агент, содержащийся в насыщенном выщелачивающем растворе, полученном на стадии (б), до перевода по меньшей мере части насыщенного выщелачивающего раствора в установку для извлечения основного металла. 10. The method of heap leaching of Nickel and / or cobalt from oxidized ores, in which
a) divide the ore to be leached into small and large fractions of ore or streams;
b) leaching a large fraction of the ore in one or more heaps with a leaching solution containing a sulfuric acid leaching agent; and
c) use a small fraction of the ore or part thereof to neutralize or partially neutralize the leaching agent contained in the saturated leach solution obtained in stage (b) before transferring at least a portion of the saturated leach solution to the base metal recovery unit.
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