RU2015150059A - Двигатель с принудительным воспламенением топлива и выхлопной системой, содержащей катализируемую фильтрующую подложку с покрытыми зонами - Google Patents

Двигатель с принудительным воспламенением топлива и выхлопной системой, содержащей катализируемую фильтрующую подложку с покрытыми зонами Download PDF

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RU2015150059A
RU2015150059A RU2015150059A RU2015150059A RU2015150059A RU 2015150059 A RU2015150059 A RU 2015150059A RU 2015150059 A RU2015150059 A RU 2015150059A RU 2015150059 A RU2015150059 A RU 2015150059A RU 2015150059 A RU2015150059 A RU 2015150059A
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zone
substrate
primer coating
engine
length
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RU2015150059A
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RU2668191C2 (ru
RU2015150059A3 (ru
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Филип Джеральд БЛЭЙКМАН
Дэвид Роберт ГРИНВЭЛЛ
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Джонсон Мэтти Паблик Лимитед Компани
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/24—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
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    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
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    • B01D—SEPARATION
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    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
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    • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
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    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
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    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
    • B01D53/9463—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick
    • B01D53/9472—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick in different zones
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    • B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
    • B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
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    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0821—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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Claims (22)

1. Двигатель с принудительным воспламенением топлива, содержащий выхлопную систему, причем данная выхлопная система содержит каталитический фильтр для отфильтровывания твердых частиц от выхлопного газа, выпускаемого из двигателя внутреннего сгорания с принудительным воспламенением топлива, причем фильтр содержит пористую подложку, имеющая полную длину подложки и имеющую впускные поверхности и выпускные поверхности, причем впускные поверхности отделяет от выпускных поверхностей первая пористая структура, содержащая поры, имеющие первый средний размер пор, причем пористая подложка покрыта грунтовочной покровной композицией, которая представляет собой абсорбирующую NOx каталитическую грунтовочную покровную композицию, содержащую, по меньшей мере, один драгоценный металл; или каталитическую грунтовочную покровную композицию селективного каталитического восстановления(SCR), причем вторая пористая структура содержащей грунтовочное покрытие пористой подложки содержит поры, имеющие второй средний размер пор, причем второй средний размер пор является меньше, чем первый средний размер пор, причем данное абсорбирующее NOx каталитическое грунтовочное покрытие или SCR каталитическое грунтовочное покрытие аксиально расположено на пористой подложке как первая зона, содержащая впускные поверхности первой длины подложки, которая меньше, чем полная длина подложки, и вторая зона, содержащая выпускные поверхности второй длины подложки, которая меньше, чем полная длина подложки, причем сумма длины подложки в первой зоне и длины подложки во второй зоне ≥100%, причем:
(i) грунтовочного покрытия в первой зоне больше, чем во второй зоне; или
(ii) в том случае, когда грунтовочная покровная композиции представляет собой абсорбирующую NOx каталитическую грунтовочную покровную композицию, то, как содержание грунтовочного покрытия, так и полное содержание драгоценного металла в первой зоне больше, чем во второй зоне, причем первая зона расположенная выше по потоку относительно второй зоны.
2. Двигатель с принудительным воспламенением топлива по п. 1, в котором грунтовочная покровная композиция представляет собой абсорбирующую NOx каталитическую грунтовочную покровную композицию, причем абсорбирующий NOx катализатор содержит смесь, которую составляют родий, нанесенный на смешанный оксид церия и циркония или необязательно стабилизированный оксид алюминия, и платина и/или палладий, нанесенные на имеющий основу из оксида алюминия и высокую удельную поверхность носитель, и диоксид церия или смешанный оксид, включающий диоксид церия и щелочноземельный металл, щелочной металл или лантанид, нанесенный на диоксид церия или смешанный оксид, включающий диоксид церия.
3. Двигатель с принудительным воспламенением топлива по п. 1, в котором грунтовочная покровная композиция представляет собой SCR каталитическую грунтовочную покровную композицию, причем катализатор SCR включает Cu, Fe и/или Ce, нанесенный на поверхность или внедренный обменом в синтетическое алюмосиликатное цеолитное молекулярное сито выбранное из группы, которую составляют AEI, MFI (ZSM-5), ERI, морденит, ферриерит, BEA, Y, CHA и LEV.
4. Двигатель с принудительным воспламенением топлива по п. 1, в котором содержание грунтовочного покрытия в первой зоне больше, чем 1,60 gin-3.
5. Двигатель с принудительным воспламенением топлива по любому предшествующему пункту, в котором длина подложки в первой зоне отличается от длины подложки во второй зоне.
6. Двигатель с принудительным воспламенением топлива по п. 5, в котором длина подложки в первой зоне меньше, чем длина подложки во второй зоне.
7. Двигатель с принудительным воспламенением топлива по п. 6, в котором длина подложки в первой зоне≤45% полной длины подложки.
8. Двигатель с принудительным воспламенением топлива, в котором грунтовочная покровная композиция представляет собой абсорбирующую NOx каталитическую грунтовочную покровную композицию, в соответствие с признаком (ii) по любому из пп. 1, 2 или 4-7, причем полное содержание драгоценного металла в первой зоне абсорбирующего NOx катализатора больше, чем 50 г/фут3 (1,7 мг/см3).
9. Двигатель с принудительным воспламенением топлива по пп. 1-4, включающий поверхностное грунтовочное покрытие, причем грунтовочный покровный слой по существу покрывает поверхностные поры пористой структуры, и поры содержащей грунтовочное покрытие пористой подложки определяются частично пространствами между частицами (поры между частицами) в грунтовочном покрытии.
10. Двигатель с принудительным воспламенением топлива по пп. 1-4, причем средний размер частиц твердого грунтовочного покрытия находится в интервале от 1 до 40 мкм.
11. Двигатель с принудительным воспламенением топлива по п. 9, в котором значение D90 частиц твердого грунтовочного покрытия находится в интервале от 0,1 до 20 мкм.
12. Двигатель с принудительным воспламенением топлива по пп. 1-4, в котором пористая подложка представляет собой фильтр с проточными стенками.
13. Двигатель с принудительным воспламенением топлива по пп. 1-4, в котором непокрытая пористая подложка имеет пористость, составляющую больше , чем 40%.
14. Двигатель с принудительным воспламенением топлива по пп. 1-4, в котором первый средний размер пор пористой структуры пористой подложки составляет от 8 до 45 мкм.
15. Двигатель с принудительным воспламенением топлива по пп. 1-4, в котором выхлопная система содержит проточную монолитную подложку, содержащую трехкомпонентную каталитическую композицию и расположенную выше по потоку относительно каталитического фильтра.
16. Двигатель с принудительным воспламенением топлива по пп. 1-4, в котором на пористую подложку нанесена каталитическая грунтовочная покровная композиция селективного каталитического восстановления (SCR), причем данная система включает средство для ввода азотистого восстановителя в поток выхлопного газа выше по потоку относительно каталитического фильтра.
17. Способ одновременного конвертирования оксидов азота и твердых частиц, содержащихся в выхлопном газе двигателя внутреннего сгорания с принудительным воспламенением топлива, причем данный способ включает стадию контактирования газа с каталитическим фильтром, содержащим пористую подложку, имеющую полную длину подложки и имеющую впускные поверхности и выпускные поверхности, причем впускные поверхности отделены от выпускных поверхностей пористой структурой, содержащей поры, имеющие первый средний размер пор, причем на пористая подложка покрыта грунтовочной покровной композицией, представляющей собой абсорбирующую NOx каталитическую грунтовочную покровную композицию, содержащую, по меньшей мере, один драгоценный металл, или каталитическую грунтовочную покровную композицию селективного каталитического восстановления (SCR), причем пористая структура содержащей грунтовочное покрытие пористой подложки содержит поры, имеющие второй средний размер пор, причем второй средний размер пор является меньшим, чем первый средний размер пор, причем данное абсорбирующее NOx каталитическое грунтовочное покрытие или SCR каталитическое грунтовочное покрытие аксиально расположено на пористой подложке как первая зона, содержащая впускные поверхности первой длины подложки, которая меньше, чем полная длина подложки, и вторая зоны, содержащая выпускные поверхности второй длины подложки, которая меньше, чем полная длина подложки, причем сумма длины подложки в первой зоне и длины подложки во второй зоне≥ 100%, причем:
(i) грунтовочного покрытия в первой зоне больше, чем во второй зоне; или
(ii) в том случае, когда грунтовочная покровная композиция представляет собой абсорбирующую NOx каталитическую грунтовочную покровную композицию, то, как содержание грунтовочного покрытия, так и полное содержание драгоценного металла в первой зоне больше, чем во второй зоне,
причем газ контактирует с первой зоной перед тем, как он контактирует со второй зоной.
RU2015150059A 2013-04-24 2014-04-23 Двигатель с принудительным воспламенением топлива и выхлопной системой, содержащей катализируемую фильтрующую подложку с покрытыми зонами RU2668191C2 (ru)

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GB1307421.6A GB2513364B (en) 2013-04-24 2013-04-24 Positive ignition engine and exhaust system comprising catalysed zone-coated filter substrate
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