PL3584352T3 - Electroless plating method - Google Patents

Electroless plating method

Info

Publication number: PL3584352T3
Authority: PL; Poland
Prior art keywords: electroless plating; plating method; electroless; plating
Prior art date: 2017-05-23

Application number

PL18806217.8T

Other languages

Polish (pl)

Inventor

Shingo Nagamine

Koji Kita

Original Assignee

Okuno Chemical Industries Co., Ltd.

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

2017-05-23

Filing date

2018-05-23

Publication date

2023-09-25

2018-05-23 Application filed by Okuno Chemical Industries Co., Ltd. filed Critical Okuno Chemical Industries Co., Ltd.

2023-09-25 Publication of PL3584352T3 publication Critical patent/PL3584352T3/en

Links

Classifications

- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/20—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins
- C23C18/28—Sensitising or activating
- C23C18/30—Activating or accelerating or sensitising with palladium or other noble metal
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/20—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins
- C23C18/2006—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins by other methods than those of C23C18/22 - C23C18/30
- C23C18/2046—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins by other methods than those of C23C18/22 - C23C18/30 by chemical pretreatment
- C23C18/2053—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins by other methods than those of C23C18/22 - C23C18/30 by chemical pretreatment only one step pretreatment
- C23C18/206—Use of metal other than noble metals and tin, e.g. activation, sensitisation with metals
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/20—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins
- C23C18/2006—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins by other methods than those of C23C18/22 - C23C18/30
- C23C18/2046—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins by other methods than those of C23C18/22 - C23C18/30 by chemical pretreatment
- C23C18/2073—Multistep pretreatment
- C23C18/2086—Multistep pretreatment with use of organic or inorganic compounds other than metals, first
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/20—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins
- C23C18/2006—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins by other methods than those of C23C18/22 - C23C18/30
- C23C18/2046—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins by other methods than those of C23C18/22 - C23C18/30 by chemical pretreatment
- C23C18/2053—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins by other methods than those of C23C18/22 - C23C18/30 by chemical pretreatment only one step pretreatment
- C23C18/2066—Use of organic or inorganic compounds other than metals, e.g. activation, sensitisation with polymers
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/20—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins
- C23C18/2006—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins by other methods than those of C23C18/22 - C23C18/30
- C23C18/2046—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins by other methods than those of C23C18/22 - C23C18/30 by chemical pretreatment
- C23C18/2073—Multistep pretreatment
- C23C18/208—Multistep pretreatment with use of metal first
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/20—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins
- C23C18/22—Roughening, e.g. by etching
- C23C18/24—Roughening, e.g. by etching using acid aqueous solutions
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/32—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron
- C23C18/34—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron using reducing agents
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/38—Coating with copper
- C23C18/40—Coating with copper using reducing agents
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/38—Coating with copper
- C23C18/40—Coating with copper using reducing agents
- C23C18/405—Formaldehyde
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/42—Coating with noble metals
- C23C18/44—Coating with noble metals using reducing agents

PL18806217.8T 2017-05-23 2018-05-23 Electroless plating method PL3584352T3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
JP2017102106		2017-05-23
PCT/JP2018/019776 WO2018216714A1 (en)	2017-05-23	2018-05-23	Composition for pretreatment for electroless plating, pretreatment method for electroless plating, and electroless plating method

Publications (1)

Publication Number	Publication Date
PL3584352T3 true PL3584352T3 (en)	2023-09-25

Family

ID=64395514

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
PL18806217.8T PL3584352T3 (en)	2017-05-23	2018-05-23	Electroless plating method

Country Status (10)

Country	Link
US (1)	US20200407854A1 (en)
EP (1)	EP3584352B1 (en)
JP (1)	JP6482049B1 (en)
KR (2)	KR20190137146A (en)
CN (3)	CN113373432A (en)
ES (1)	ES2953783T3 (en)
MY (1)	MY176735A (en)
PL (1)	PL3584352T3 (en)
PT (1)	PT3584352T (en)
WO (1)	WO2018216714A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
EP3323910B1 (en) *	2016-11-22	2018-11-14	MacDermid Enthone GmbH	Chromium-free plating-on-plastic etch
CN110172684A (en) *	2019-06-06	2019-08-27	南通柏源汽车零部件有限公司	A kind of ABS Chrome-free coarsening solution and the preparation method and application thereof
EP4144885A1 (en)	2020-04-28	2023-03-08	Kurita Water Industries Ltd.	Etching method for resin molded article and etching process system for resin molded article
JP2023539605A (en)	2020-08-25	2023-09-15	アトテックドイチェランドゲーエムベーハーウントコカーゲー	Metallization method and pretreatment composition for nonmetallic substrates
JP7138880B1 (en) *	2021-08-06	2022-09-20	株式会社太洋工作所	Electroless plating method
CN115125525A (en) *	2022-07-05	2022-09-30	长沙理工大学	Low-cost hexagonal boron nitride surface chemical nickel plating pre-palladium-free activation method

Family Cites Families (13)

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US4001372A (en) *	1972-02-19	1977-01-04	Mitsubishi Kinzoku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha	Removing oxides of nitrogen from gaseous mixtures with alkali manganate solutions
US4042729A (en) *	1972-12-13	1977-08-16	Kollmorgen Technologies Corporation	Process for the activation of resinous bodies for adherent metallization
DE3816494A1 (en) *	1988-05-10	1989-11-16	Schering Ag	SOLUTION AND METHOD FOR THE AETZING AND ACTIVATION OF INSULATED SURFACES
GB9722028D0 (en) *	1997-10-17	1997-12-17	Shipley Company Ll C	Plating of polymers
ATE445667T1 (en) *	2007-08-10	2009-10-15	Enthone	CHROME-FREE STAIN FOR PLASTIC SURFACES
JP2009228083A (en) *	2008-03-25	2009-10-08	Ebara-Udylite Co Ltd	Metal plating method on plastic surface
KR101025856B1 (en) *	2008-08-26	2011-03-30	연세대학교 산학협력단	Method for synthesizing silver and manganese dioxide complex nanorods or nanotubes by using the standard reduction potential difference
SG188694A1 (en) *	2011-09-30	2013-04-30	Bayer Materialscience Ag	Aqueous ink formulation containing metal-based nanoparticles for usage in micro contact printing
US8603352B1 (en) *	2012-10-25	2013-12-10	Rohm and Haas Electroncis Materials LLC	Chrome-free methods of etching organic polymers
KR20180077326A (en) *	2013-10-22	2018-07-06	오꾸노 케미칼 인더스트리즈 컴파니,리미티드	Composition for etching treatment of resin material
CN106471155B (en) *	2014-04-01	2019-11-15	安美特德国有限公司	For making the composition and method of nonconductive plastic material surface metalation
PL3168326T5 (en) *	2014-07-10	2024-02-05	Okuno Chemical Industries Co., Ltd.	Resin plating method
US9506150B2 (en) *	2014-10-13	2016-11-29	Rohm And Haas Electronic Materials Llc	Metallization inhibitors for plastisol coated plating tools

2018
- 2018-05-23 MY MYPI2019005194A patent/MY176735A/en unknown
- 2018-05-23 CN CN202110654779.9A patent/CN113373432A/en active Pending
- 2018-05-23 CN CN201880028555.3A patent/CN110573657A/en active Pending
- 2018-05-23 PT PT188062178T patent/PT3584352T/en unknown
- 2018-05-23 EP EP18806217.8A patent/EP3584352B1/en active Active
- 2018-05-23 US US16/493,480 patent/US20200407854A1/en active Pending
- 2018-05-23 WO PCT/JP2018/019776 patent/WO2018216714A1/en active Search and Examination
- 2018-05-23 ES ES18806217T patent/ES2953783T3/en active Active
- 2018-05-23 KR KR1020197033554A patent/KR20190137146A/en active Application Filing
- 2018-05-23 JP JP2018549365A patent/JP6482049B1/en active Active
- 2018-05-23 KR KR1020207033666A patent/KR102366687B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2018-05-23 PL PL18806217.8T patent/PL3584352T3/en unknown
- 2018-05-23 CN CN202410090911.1A patent/CN117904611A/en active Pending

Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
EP3584352A1 (en)	2019-12-25
KR20190137146A (en)	2019-12-10
EP3584352B1 (en)	2023-06-21
PT3584352T (en)	2023-07-26
ES2953783T3 (en)	2023-11-16
CN110573657A (en)	2019-12-13
KR102366687B1 (en)	2022-02-23
US20200407854A1 (en)	2020-12-31
CN113373432A (en)	2021-09-10
CN117904611A (en)	2024-04-19
MY176735A (en)	2020-08-20
EP3584352A4 (en)	2021-01-06
WO2018216714A1 (en)	2018-11-29
JPWO2018216714A1 (en)	2019-06-27
JP6482049B1 (en)	2019-03-13
KR20200134345A (en)	2020-12-01

Publication	Publication Date	Title
PT3575434T (en)	2023-01-10	Plated steel
GB201701109D0 (en)	2017-03-08	Method
SG11202001659PA (en)	2020-03-30	Plating apparatus
PL3584352T3 (en)	2023-09-25	Electroless plating method
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EP3647461A4 (en)	2021-05-05	Electroless plating process
SG11201610462WA (en)	2017-02-27	Resin plating method
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EP3297772A4 (en)	2019-01-09	Method of pretreatment for electroless plating
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