PH26340A - Improved high strength asphalt cement paving composition - Google Patents
Improved high strength asphalt cement paving composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- PH26340A PH26340A PH36672A PH36672A PH26340A PH 26340 A PH26340 A PH 26340A PH 36672 A PH36672 A PH 36672A PH 36672 A PH36672 A PH 36672A PH 26340 A PH26340 A PH 26340A
- Authority
- PH
- Philippines
- Prior art keywords
- lhe
- asphalt
- cement
- asphalt cement
- paving
- Prior art date
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- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 title claims description 151
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title claims description 114
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 65
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- -1 iron ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000282320 Panthera leo Species 0.000 claims 3
- UELITFHSCLAHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N acibenzolar-S-methyl Chemical compound CSC(=O)C1=CC=CC2=C1SN=N2 UELITFHSCLAHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- NAPPWIFDUAHTRY-XYDRQXHOSA-N (8r,9s,10r,13s,14s,17r)-17-ethynyl-17-hydroxy-13-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,16-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one;(8r,9s,13s,14s,17r)-17-ethynyl-13-methyl-7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-octahydro-6h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,17-diol Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@@H]2[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@](CC4)(O)C#C)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1.OC1=CC=C2[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@](CC4)(O)C#C)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 NAPPWIFDUAHTRY-XYDRQXHOSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 241000234282 Allium Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000002732 Allium cepa var. cepa Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 241001135931 Anolis Species 0.000 claims 1
- 101100508894 Bacillus subtilis (strain 168) iolS gene Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 101150036540 Copb1 gene Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 101100001347 Mus musculus Akt1s1 gene Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 241000364057 Peoria Species 0.000 claims 1
- 101150107341 RERE gene Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phencyclidine Chemical compound C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- WSWCOQWTEOXDQX-MQQKCMAXSA-N sorbic acid group Chemical group C(\C=C\C=C\C)(=O)O WSWCOQWTEOXDQX-MQQKCMAXSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012615 aggregate Substances 0.000 description 44
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 8
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 5
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001429 cobalt ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000005609 naphthenate group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021380 Manganese Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Manganese chloride Chemical compound Cl[Mn]Cl GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+) Chemical compound [Co+2] XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011565 manganese chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940099607 manganese chloride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000002867 manganese chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000005474 octanoate group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 2
- HNNQYHFROJDYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-ethylcyclohexyl)propanoic acid 3-(3-ethylcyclopentyl)propanoic acid Chemical compound CCC1CCC(CCC(O)=O)C1.CCC1CCC(CCC(O)=O)CC1 HNNQYHFROJDYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000270728 Alligator Species 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910021555 Chromium Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010037660 Pyrexia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000379 antimony sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FAPDDOBMIUGHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-K antimony trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Sb](Cl)Cl FAPDDOBMIUGHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- MVMLTMBYNXHXFI-UHFFFAOYSA-H antimony(3+);trisulfate Chemical compound [Sb+3].[Sb+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O MVMLTMBYNXHXFI-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ba+2] WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001626 barium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- QCUOBSQYDGUHHT-UHFFFAOYSA-L cadmium sulfate Chemical compound [Cd+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QCUOBSQYDGUHHT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000331 cadmium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+) trichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cr+3] QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001869 cobalt compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000005534 decanoate group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011167 hydrochloric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SZINCDDYCOIOJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);octadecanoate Chemical compound [Mn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O SZINCDDYCOIOJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GEMHFKXPOCTAIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-n'-phenylcarbamimidoyl chloride Chemical compound CN(C)C(Cl)=NC1=CC=CC=C1 GEMHFKXPOCTAIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940049964 oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002889 oleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYHFIVBSNOWOCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenic acid Chemical class O[Se](O)(=O)=O QYHFIVBSNOWOCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003346 selenoethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012056 semi-solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002688 soil aggregate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/30—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation in transportation, e.g. on roads, waterways or railways
Landscapes
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Description
) | 7
IMPROVED HIGH STMHENGIH ASPHALT
CEMEN! PAVING CULPOSITION ‘91 JIN -7 A830 ’ ’ : a ¥ Te ,
Bagkrround of the Invention em oT = The present invention relates generally to paving compositions and more particularly to an improved as- } phalt cement paving composition and method for its : formation.
Asphalts combined with aggregates have been em- ployed as paving compositions for many years. Asphalts generally include bitumens as a predominant constituent and are conventionally obtained as a solid residue from the distillation of crude petroleum. Jn forming paving compositions, asphalts must be converted to a fluid state.
One fluid form of asphalt is the suspension or emulsion of asphalt in water. After spreading and com- pressing aggregate/asphalt emulsion paving compositions, the water evaporates and the asphalt hardens into a continuous mass. Another fluid form of asphalt employed in paving is a cutback, i.€., a fluid petroleum product : : produced by fluxing an asphaltic base with a suitable organic solvent or distillate. Pavements are formed by - spreading aggregate/cutback paving compositions and evaporating the volatile distillate from the mass
An advantage of forming pavements with asphalt ” emulsions and cutbacks is the aviodance of high tempe- rature application. In the most common paving technique, the asphalt and aggregate are mixed and applied at ele- vated temperatures in order to maintain the asphalt in a. fluid state in forming the pavement. This asphalt, which is neither cutback nor emulsified, is referred to as an asphalt cement.
BAD ORIGINAL d
J ee 71° 26340
A major problem with cutbacks and emulsions is their low adhesivity to aggregate in comparison to asphalt cement. This is due primarily to the presence on the aggregate surface of (a) the organic solvent or oil in the cutback and (b) the water in the emulsion which interfere with the formation of an adhesive bond between the } aggiegate and the asphalt.
One technique which has been discloséd to increase the + adhesivity of emulsions and cutbacks is set forth in U.S. Pat. No. - 3,243,311. There, the aggregate is pretreated with one of a variety of metal compounds stated to be cross-linking agents for the organic binder to oxidize, polymerize or catalyze and thereby harden the binder. The pretreatment is supposed to improve adhesivity of the : binder and aggregate, specifically for clay-type soil aggregates.
The cross-linking agents are stated to be multioxidation state metals ] 15 in their higher oxidation state, with the anions including a large variety of organic and inorganic acids. In addition, salts such as * the halides and a large variety of inorganic oxides are mentioned.
The cations disclosed include Group I, Group IV, Group V, Group VII, : and Group VIII metals as well as rare earth metals. Specific , examples include Cu(OH),, CuCl,, FeCl,, CuSO, and KMnO, . In each instance, the soil is pretreated with the cross-linking agent prior ‘ to mixing with the asphalt.
In U.S. Pat. No. 1,328,310, an asphaltic pavement is disclosed in which copper sulfate is added to the asphalt for improving physical propetties. Other compounds mentioned for this purpose . Zo . '
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Hv include the sulfates or selenates of aluminum, chromium, iron, indium, gallium, and the sulfates or selenides of sodium, potassium, rubidium, ammonium, silver, gold, platinum or thallium. These compounds are relatively insoluble in the asphalt.
In U.S. Pat. No. 2,773,777, a bituminous composition . particularly suitable for airport runways exposed to the high temperatures of the exhaust gases of jet engines is disclosed. The composition includes bitumen emulsion, portland cement, and mineral aggregate. To this mixture is added an aqueous solution of one of a number of water soluble salts for the purpose of giving plasticity to the composition. The salts disclosed are water-soluble polyvalent metal salts of a strony mineral acid, especially sulfuric, ‘ hydrochloric and/or phosphoric acids. The most effective salts are stated to be alkali earth metal salts including calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, barium chloride and the like. Salts of amphoteric metals are also taught to be useful, including aluminum } | sulfate, chromium chloride and aluminum chloride. Other disclosed ! salts include antimony chloride, cobalt chloride, ferric chloride, antimony sulfate, cadmium sulfate and magnesium chloride. The . specific examples include as salts calcium chloride, aluminum sulfate and magnesium chloride. .. in U.S. Pat. No. 2,342,861, the examples illustrate the addition of a lead soap, specifically lead oleate or naphthenate, to asphalt cutbacks or emulsions to increase their adhesivity for aggregate.
Although in all illustrated examples only lead is disclosed as a . _3= : .
gd a ) pW 2634) metal soap to increase adhesivity, the patent suggests that other heavy metal salts of organic acids could be employed including the following metals: Fe, Al, Mn, Zn, Co, Ni, Sn, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Mg. -
The patent discloses a technique of forming the lead soap by heating a lead oxide in the presence of the desired organic acids. Such lead soaps are then added to the desired asphalt.
Heavy metal salts of high molecular weight organic acids, such as naphthenates or linoleates, have been employed to prevent cracking in blown or oxidized asphalt coatings. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 2,282,703 discloses the use of heavy metals such as cobalt, : manganese, iron, lead, vanadium, or zinc dispersed into the blown asphalt for this purpose. : . ’
Heavy metal soaps have also been disclosed for use as a dispersant in roofing asphalts to prevent failure of the asphalt due to "alligatoring”. U.S. Pat. No. 2,928,753 discloses the polyvalent metal salts of copper, cobalt, or manganese in combination } . with high molecular weight monocarboxylic acids such as oleic or naphthenic acid. The final disclosed proguct is an aggregate-free 0.025 inch thick coating on an aluminum sheet so that leveling occurs.
In U.S. Pat. No. 1,505,880, copper slag is added with the . aggregate to asphalt to increase the toughness of the resulting pavement composition.
In British Pat. No. 533,977, lead or iron double salts of organic acids are disclosed for the purpose of improving adhesivity of asphalt for mineral aggregate. Also disclosed for this purpose are other di-and multi-valent metals such as aluminum, chromium, copper and mercury. . ! gy!
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In U.S. Pat. No. 4,244,747, an asphalt paving composition is disclosed in which manganese chloride is dissolved in asphalt cement and then mixed with an aggregate. When the manganese chloride is present in quantities of about 0.02 to about 2 weight percent of the asphalt cement, the compressive, flexural and fatigue strength of the i ultimate cured paved road is increased.
In U.S. Pat. No. 4,234,346, the use of organic-manganese compounds soluble in asphalt cement are disclosed. Certain . organic-manganese compounds, either alone or in cooperation with organic-copper Or organic-cobalt compounds, are dissolved in asphalt cement and then mixed with an aggregate to form a paving composition exhibiting increased compressive, flexural and fatigue strength in . the ultimate cured pavement.
French Pat. No. 1,567,671 and Austrian Pat. No. 285,788, describe a process for decreasing the content of asphalt paraffins in distillation asphalts, wherein the starting asphalt, in the presence * of 0.1 to 1.0 percent manganese or cobalt compounds, is blown with air at a.temperature of 110 to 150°C. The asphalt is thus subjected to a catalytic oxidation wherein, besides insoluble metal oxides, such as manganese oxide, a certain portion of soluble metal compounds, such as manganese stearate, are present. . .. } . -5- . . . } : N .. . } ' \ ~
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In accordance with the present invention, it has been found that ’ a paving composition with improved characteristics as described below can be obtained by treating asphalt cement with a combination of a primary catalyst comprising a compound chosen from the group consisting of asphalt cement - soluble organic-manganese organic-cobalt, and organic-copper compounds, or a mixture of two or more thereof, and a secondary catalyst comprising an asphalt cement ) soluble organic-iron compound, and then mixing the treated asphalt cement with aggregate. In quantities sufficient to produce total ) catalyst metal ion concentrations of 0.015 to 0.5 percent by weight of the asphalt cement, the combination of the primary and secondary . catalysts produces a paving composition of the same ultimate strength as that obtained with the primary catalyst alone, using considerably less of the more expensive primary catalyst and, more importantly, producing, at lower pavement curing temperatures, a significant * increase in the rate at which the compressive, flexural and fatigue ' strength of the ultimate cured pavement is achieved.
As used herein, the term "asphalt cement" refers to . substantially unblown or unoxidized solid or semi-solid materials (at room temperature) which gradually liquify when heated. The predominant constituents of the materials are bitumens, which are obtained as a residue of refinery processing. The term excludes emulsions of asphalt in water and cutbacks of asphalt. Thus, it contains neither the water phase of the emulsion nor the extraneous . 6 . a + : , to : Con , :
EE | 7 Jv petroleum solvents or flux oils commonly added to asphalt to convert - it to a cutback. The asphalt cement is generally characterized by a penetration of less than 600 at 25°C, and a typical penetration between 40 and 300 (ASTM Standard, Method D-5). The viscosity of asphalt cement at 60°C is more than about 65 poise. . The term "pavement" is intended to include, without limitation, asphalt cement/aggregate outdoor and indoor load bearing surfaces including roadways for vehicles, airport runways and aprons, parking lots, sidewalks, factory and other types of floors, and loading platforms.
The term "lower pavement curing temperatures” in the present context means temperatures below the temperatures normally ‘ ’ experienced by pavements in the United States. Such normal summer . pavement temperatures are usually above 35°C and may be higher than 60°C. Therefore, in the present context the phrase "lower pavement curing temperatures" is to be understood as pavement temperatures * below about 35°C.
In the practice of the present invention, the asphalt cement is . fluidized by heating to a temperature above its melting or softening . 20 point and then treated with the combination of the primary and secondary catalysts to provide a solution of manganese, and/or Lo cobalt, and/or copper ions with iron ions in warm, fluid, asphalt cement. The treated, warm, fluid, asphalt cement is then mixed in this warm, fluid, form with aggregate for use in pavement construction.
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It is a particular object of this invention to provide an : asphalt cement/aggregate paving composition which exhibits a significant increase in the rate at which the strength gain of the cured pavement is achieved at lower pavement curing temperatures. :
It is another object of this invention to provide a method of : making a warm, fluid, asphalt cement composition which is of suitable viscosity for paving but which cures into an asphalt cement/aggregate paving composition of exceptional strength after paving. }
It is yet a further object of this invention to provide a method for treating asphalt cement which is too soft, in its untreated ’ state, to form a practical load bearing pavement.
These and other objects of the present invention together with : the various advantages thereof will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the detailed disclosure of the present invention as set forth below. ‘Description of the Preferred Embodiment *
The present invention relates to an asphalt cement composition ) which, when combined with aggregate, forms a paving composition of significantly improved physical properties. The asphalt cement composition is made by treating asphalt cement with a combination of a primary catalyst comprising a compound chosen from the group . consisting of asphalt cement soluble organic-manganese, organic—cobalt, and organic-copper compounds, or a mixture of two or more thereof, and a secondary catalyst comprising an asphalt cement soluble organic-iron compound, while the asphalt cement is maintained . ~8— . o ] . ~ ; Ct oo EP go. . i gl in a fluid state by heating. It is preferred in the practice of the . invention that organic-manganese, either alone or with organic-cobalt and/or organic-copper, be used as the primary catalyst.
In accordance with the present invention, the primary and secondary catalysts should be thoroughly and evenly dispersed and dissolved throughout the asphalt cement so that the strength improving effect is imparted to the final product in a consistent manner. For optimum dispersion, the manganese, cobalt, copper and iron are used in the form of organic compounds which are soluble in a significant portion of the asphalt cement. The 6rganic compounds may be unsubstituted or substituted (e.g., with sulfur, particularly ’ sulfonates, or with phosphorus, particularly phosphates). Suitable . anions. for the asphalt cement soluble organic-manganese, organic-cobalt, organic-copper, and organic-iron compounds are derived from carboxylic acids, alcohols, phenols, and ketones. preferable anions include carboxylic acids having up to about 30 * carbon atoms in the chain, such as acetates, linoleates, octoates, naphthenates, oleates, decanoates, sterates, and laurates, and mixtures thereof or mixtures with other acids. Secondary, tertiary or multifunctional carboxylic acids may also be used.
The combination of primary and secondary catalysts may be carried in an organic oil as a means of lowering the viscosity of the : asphalt cement mixture. This lower viscosity is in some cases preferred to facilitate the transport of the material and to improve the accuracy of application and the degree of dispersion on blending ! . . ~9- } v 4 - / . Wt ,
i. | | qe” yo &y 2 6 «<J3 7 : with the asphalt cement. Typical useful dilutions are from 0.5 to 16 percent by weight of total metal ions to total additive. Such levels of organic oil will result in oil levels of less than 7 or 8 percent ’ by weight of the asphalt cement (typically below 5 percent) which are well below the level of flux oil contained in a cutback.
Significant improvements in the asphalt cement are obtained ‘in the method of the present invention by adding a relatively small quantity of the combination of asphalt cement soluble primary and secondary catalysts. Typically, sufficient quantities to produce total catalyst metal ion concentrations in the range of 0.015 to 0.5 i. percent by weight of the asphalt cement are used. Total metal ion concentrations of 0.05.to 0.5 percent by weight of the treated : asphalt cement are preferred and total metal ion concentrations of from 0.05 to 0.25 percent by weight of the asphalt cement are most preferred.
The operative concentration of the iron ions of the secondary ¢ catalyst may range from 0.005 to 0.20 percent by weight based on the treated asphalt cement, with the preferred iron ion concentration ranging from 0.01 to 0.15 percent by weight of the treated asphalt cement. The operative concentration of the manganese and/or cobalt and/or copper ions of the primary catalyst may range from 0.01 to 0.50 percent by weight of the treated asphalt cement, with the preferred total manganese and/or cobalt and/or copper ion concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 0.25 percent by weight of the asphalt cement. ! . ~-10- « 4 . So . “ . , oT
1f the concentration of the primary and secondary catalysts falls below or exceeds the levels necessary to achieve the operative ion ranges stated above, a paving composition of inferior quality will be produced. If excess concentrations of the primary and secondary catalysts were used, the resulting pavement composition would be brittle and would not withstand the stress and strain of practical use. Also, such excess amounts of the manganese, cobalt "and copper ions would be uneconomical . If the concentrations fall well below the operative concentrations, the curing process would occur at a reduced rate at lower pavement curing temperatures, and in some instances there would be no strength gain in the paving composition at any curing temperatures. ‘ :
In accordance with the present invention, the foregoing combination of primary and secondary catalysts, carried in an organic oil if desired, is dissolved in the asphalt cement by heating the asphalt cement to above its softening or melting point until it is * sufficiently fluid to thoroughly and evenly disperse and dissolve the . catalysts. This technique is designated "warm mixing" herein. The catalysts are preferably in liquid form. For most conventional . 20 asphalt cements, it is necessary to heat the asphalt cement to at
Jeast 100°C, and typically to about 110° to 150°C to render it fluid.
At such temperatures, the viscosity of the asphalt cement composition is sufficiently reduced to permit thorough dispersion and dissolution of the catalysts. . ! : oo -11- : « '
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In conventional processing, the treated asphalt cement is maintained in a fluid state from its time of formation, during normal storage and through transport to the asphalt mixing plant. There the fluid asphalt cement is mixed with aggregate and the mixture is hauled to the paving site where it is spread and compacted to form a pavement. In an alternative to such conventional processing, the asphalt cement could be heated at the construction site and the catalysts could be warm mixed with the asphalt cement just prior to } combining it with the aggregate for paving.
The treated asphalt cement of the ‘present invention is } characterized by a viscosity in the fluid state at the elevated temperature of paving comparable to that of conventional asphalt : cement. However, as set forth below, the cured pavement has vastly superior strength in comparison to one formed with conventional asphalt cement, even when cured at lower pavement curing temperatures. The word "cure" in the present context means the * achievement of substantial completion of the strength gain reaction.
The warm mixed treated asphalt cement in fluid form is combined at an asphalt mixing plant (or on site) with preheated, predried aggregate to form a paving composition comprising a homogeneous mixture of uniformly coated aggregate particles. The aggregate is preferably heated under conditions of time and temperature to drive off essentially all free moisture prior to mixing with the asphalt cement. During mixing, both the aggregate and the treated asphalt cement are typically at a temperature of 100°C to 160°C. Before i. oo the composition has cooled to a temperature at which it loses it workability, it is spread and compacted. Then, the treated asphalt cement aggregate composition is permitted to cure. After curing, the pavement comprises aggregate bound by a matrix of treated asphalt § cement. -
The aggregate used in the present invention should be of a type . suitable for the type of pavement desired. It may range from fine particles such as sand to relatively coarse particles such as crushed stone, gravel or slag. i
In accordance with the present invention, a major portion by © weight of aggregate is mixed with a minor proportion by weight of the ! treated asphalt cement containing the primary and secondary catalysts . uniformly dispersed and dissolved therein. The ratio of aggregate to treated asphalt cement is that which is typical for the particular ! paving applications. Thus, a minimum of about 85 percent by weight of aggregate and generally about 90 to 98 percent by weight of the ¢ : total paving composition is employed in the process of the present invention. o . } After the treated asphalt cement/aggregate composition is . prepared, it is spread, compacted and permitted to cure. For treated asphalt cement/aggregate compositions prepared in accordance with the . invention, acceptable curing occurs at ambient ‘temperatures with moderate elevations in temperature, e.g. to 60°C, accelerating the curing process. very high temperatures, however, such as those : employed to blow asphalt are deleterious and should not be used in the practice of the present invention. . . -13- . . oo . EN : LE dg | 340
Mr 1 ime eee yl 2634 . As set forth in the background of the invention, heavy metal soaps have been employed in combination with asphalt cement for a number of different purposes. For example, they have been used to avoid cracking in blown asphalt cement, and to prevent alligator’ cracking in roofing materials. Also, such metal soaps have been disclosed for use in road building compositions of aggregate and asphalt cement cutbacks or asphalt cement emulsions to improve the poor adhesivity of the asphalt cement in these forms for the : aggregate. The prior art teaches the general equivalency of multi-valent heavy metal ions for this purpose. For example, in the aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 2,342,861, experiments were performed employing lead soaps to increase adhesivity of emulsified asphalt ’ cement for aggregate. In accordance with the state of art, the patent asserts that other metals such as iron, aluminum, manganese, , * 15 zinc, cobalt, nickel, tin, calcium, strontium, barium, or magnesium could also be employed for the same purpose. *
U.S. Pat. No. 4,234,346 discloses the use of asphalt cement soluble organic-manganese, asphalt soluble prganic-cobalt or asphalt cement soluble organic-copper in warm mixing techniques using asphalt cement for forming a paving composition. It indicates that these metals are vastly superior to the remainder of the above-mentioned heavy metals for this purpose. U.S. Pat. No. 4,234,346 also shows that asphalt cement soluble organic-iron (alone) in such paving : compositions is virtually useless. . ; : -14- - ’ , g
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With the above background knowledge, it has unexpectedly been discovered that the addition to such compositions of a combination of a primary catalyst comprising a compound chosen from the group ’ consisting of asphalt cement soluble organic-manganese, organic-cobalt, and organic-copper compounds, or a mixture of two or more thereof, and a secondary catalyst comprising an asphalt cement soluble organic-iron compound, because of the synergy between the metals, causes an increase in the rate of strength gain at lower pavement curing temperatures. Another result of this synergy is the ability of the paving composition to achieve the same ultimate : strength gain and improvement in other properties with less manganese, cobalt or copper, so that the total metal ion content need : not be much greater than when the primary catalyst is used alone.
This makes possible a more economical paving mixture since iron as 1% metal is less expensive than manganese, cobalt or copper, as metal.
It should be noted that the need for an increase in the rate of * strength gain is dictated by the chemical properties of any given asphalt cement or the application conditions and that not every asphalt cement or every set of application conditions requires such an increase to achieve acceptable performance.
A further disclosure of the nature of the present invention is .. provided by the following specific examples of the practice of the present invention. It should be understood that the data disclosed serve only as examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the : 25 invention. ) p ~15- | . , Ct CT
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EXAMPLE #1 .
Comparative tests were performed using asphalt cements of penetration grades 60/70 and 180,200 with no metal additive and the 180,200 penetration grade asphalt cement treated with manganese alone and with manganese plus iron. A decomposed granite sand was used as the aggregate portion of the sand asphalt mix. In each case, the asphalt cement made up 7.0 percent of the total mix (ie. approximately 1 part asphalt cement or treated asphalt cement to 13.3 parts sand). The asphalt cement soluble organic-metal compounds were tallates, naphthenates or octoates, but need not be limited to these compounds. The asphalt cement soluble organic metal compounds (in liquid form) were mixed into the asphalt cement which was in liquid ’ form at temperatures sufficient to allow easy mixing of the asphalt cement soluble organic metal compounds and the asphalt cement (120° to 130°C) so as to form a homogeneous mixture. Manual stirring was employed to thoroughly disperse the metal throughout the asphalt * cement. The asphalt cement, treated and untreated, was mixed with preheated, predried sand at the same temperature and ‘specimens 4 inches in diameter and approximately 2.5 inches in length were produced by mechanical compaction. After extraction from the compaction molds, some of these specimens were cured in a forced .. i draft oven at 60°C for 14 days. The rest were cured at ambient temperature, approximately 22°C during the day and cooler at night, for 28 days to partially compensate for the fact that the actual rate of reaction is slower at 22°C than it is at 60°C. The 60°C : -16- . : } vo
SE tensile strength of each specimen was then determined using the split-cylinder indirect tensile strength test at a rate of loading of 0.05 inches per minute. :
The results of these tests are presented in Table I below. > : Table I
METAL 60°C TENSILE
ION CONTENT STRENGTH (kPa) Co
IN BINDER AFTER CURE AT
PEN. GRADE $Mn Fe 60°C 22°C ’ 60/10 - - 51.1 22.1 180,200 - - 33.7 15.8 : 180,200 0.10 - 52.3 12.2 180,200 0.13 - 63.0 10.5 180,200 0.10 0.03 73.8 71.2 :
It is apparent that for this asphalt cement the introduction of a combination of manganese and iron ions in accordance with the * present invention dramatically increases the ultimate strength of the asphalt cement/aggregate composition in the specimens cured at ambient temperatures. Furthermore, this data also demonstrates that the 180,200 penetration grade asphalt cement, which could not be used to construct a pavement with adequate load bearing propecties due to .. its poor tensile strength, when treated with manganese/iron ions is upgraded to the more than adequate tensile strength level of the 60,70 penetration grade asphalt cement. . : -17- . . ¥
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A series of tests similar to those in Example #1 were carried out using an asphalt cement from a different source. The results of these tests are presented in Table II below. .
Table II
METAL 60°C TENSILE
ION CONTENT STRENGTH (kPa) .
IN BINDER ‘ AFTER CURE AT .
PEN. GRADE Mn __%Fe 60°C 22°C : 60,70 - - 45.9 32.0 } © 180,200 - | - 36.0 20.8 180,200 0.14 - 70.6 14.2 . 180,200 0.11 0.03 61.5 65.8
The results above again indicate that the introduction of the BN combination of manganese and iron ions in accordance with the present invention produces a significant and heretofore unexpected increase * in the ultimate strength of the asphalt cement/aggregate composition in the specimens cured at ambient temperatuges. ) . -18- i « 1 x ; Rr
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EXAMPLE #3
In this set of tests, the asphalt cement was the same as in
Example #1, but only the 180,200 penetration grade asphalt cement was treated. All test conditions were the same, with the addition of cobalt naphthenate in some cases. various ratios of iron and cobalt ions are compared, and the results are presented in Table III below.
Table III | . 60°C TENSILE . . METAL ION CONTENT STRENGTH (kPa) -
IN BINDER AFTER CURE AT
PEN. GRADE $Mn Fe $Co 60°C 22°C } 180,200 0.10 - - 52.3 12.2 180,200 0.10 0.030 - 73.8 71.2 j . : 180,200 0.10 0.030 0.010 72.4 74.3 © 180,200 0.10 0.027 0.001 57.3 56.4 : 180,200 0.10 . 0.027 0.002 72.0 74.0
The results above indicate that the combination of manganese and * iron ions, or manganese, iron and cobalt ions in accordance with the present invention significantly increases the rate of strength gain of the asphalt cement/aggregate composition in the specimens cured at . ambient temperatures. -19- . 4 . | A , } +
FA oo oto? :
EXAMPLE #4
In this set of tests, the asphalt cement was the same as in :
Example Bl. All test conditions were the same, but various ratios of iron to manganese are compared. The results of these tests are presented in Table IV below. : :
Table Iv } METAL 60°C TENSILE
ION CONTENT STRENGTH (kPa) :
IN BINDER AFTER CURE AT
PEN. GRADE $n %Fe 60°C 22°C ’ 60,70 - L= 51.1 22.1 180,200 - - 33.7 15.8 180,200 0.10 - 52.3 12.2 : 180,200 0.13 - 63.0 10.5 180,200 - 0.10 0.03 75.2 68.1 180,200 0.07 0.06 53.5 49.0 180,200 0.05 0.08 44.3 46.8
This example illustrates two important advantages of the present invention. First, it indicates that a broad range of ratios of the two metals produces a dramatic increase in the rate of cure at 22°C, each of which represents satisfactory results. Second, it illustrates the economic incentive of employing the present invention : “by showing that significant amounts of manganese as metal can be replaced with less expensive iron metal without suffering a significant reduction in strength. ! ’ : -20- : . : J
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EXAMPLE #5
If tests were performed as in Examples #1, #2 and #4, but the manganese were replaced by cobalt or copper, similar dramatic increases in the ultimate strength of the asphalt cement /aggregate compositions in the specimens cured at ambient temperatures would be obtained.
The examples and results above demonstrate that asphalt cement/ aggregate compositions made in accordance with the present invention exhibit significantly improved strength gain when cured at ambient temperatures. When such asphalt cemerit/aggregate compositions are used for paving at lower pavement curing temperatures, they cure at a rate which is significantly higher than that of known compositions to produce a pavement with compressive, flexural and fatigue strength superior to that heretofore available at lower pavement curing : 15 temperatures. . It should be understood, of course, that the compositions and * ' methods described above are intended to illustrate embodiments of the invention and not to limit the scope of «the invention, which is defined by the claims set forth below. It should also be understood that alternatives to and equivalents of the specific embodiments described can be made and indeed are contemplated without departing .. from the scope of the invention as defined in the claims set forth below. ! : -21- : . . . : | . : : : . oo er w— o
Claims (1)
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i . f 26340 i chit de claimed des ' Le a povin, composition comp sing o mejor pro- portion by weight of niprepete and oo winor proportion i Crowe bp hl off asennad corenl, said aopbalt cement cone Looting 0 combine Lion of ga Primary cobalyst comprising poocumpeit seloebed Croan Lhe goon consisting ol ine Copb alt cone nl cian de creche eno a Sin orpnhlescoba tl, SL org Te=capper cottpeanad sy ond a adbxtore of bw or rere Lherecty me a socondn ey coltalyol comprising, on ; sorbic lb coment colubic oyporiemiron comps amd wherein \ tio anere live concentration of Lie tabneanese and/or coe : . toh and/or conto dons of Lhe primary catalyst ronges Frou 0,07 La 6,50 percent. by wed; hit or Lhe avphinlt co- ! Lortoand dhe opcrnbive eoneohbealion of the iron oro 4 ci Lhe see adnry cotalyst ranres Lyon Qu 00% to 0.00 per- : endl by woeipht booed on Lhe welipht of the asphalt cement, : Ce Che povine cormogition of olatie 1 wheredn toc : Sraneyy cobadyel ba oon sacha bb cone nl soluble OTN em Pn nese con ent, : aN Sa ee pny ng cornosibion cr claim 1 wheredn Lhe privary of Coy ot Peoria ture or on snphe TL cement, oo- Tul te ov aie -man aner conontd ond an agoho lb coment socubde cry nde-coba ll compound, if We Uh pavivg conpasicion of claim 1 wherein Ube a gh Pras eb alyval de ono orixbure oi an senha cowmerd, go- phe org de=mag anes compound sud nn ausphall conent soluble orinnde-conpo rr conpotind, . Lo Se vi moving composition of eladim 1 wherein the I priviary eololyat is oo nixture of co cophalt cement no- 1 i - : ! on Nn : : BAD ORIGINAL ji ’ i { } : ! i
. ! Jo of : lubile ovganic-mangmmese corpo, an asphalt cement soluble orpanic-copper compound aud an naphalt ce- perl soluble crponic-cobalt compounds i OG. he paving composition of claim 1 wherein Fhe combination of primory and sceondary ratolyete are corricd in oan organic oil. Ve Lhe paving, composition ol cluin © wherein : auifictont ovparie oil la jresent. Lo prodnee from Oh Lo Jo purcent. Ly weishl Lobad pela! fons in the com- E 1 Cina bion ou Loe neimary and secondary ¢calalysts cur- vicd in Lhe orpoie all,
£. Che, paving, combogilion olf cleim 1 whoereln the ro combination of prisary and sceondary calalysts ls pre- gent in the asphalt coment in an amount sufficient vo { 1y orovide from Q.tlh Lo 0.5 percent by weight, based on } the weight of the asphall coment, of iron iong and of manganese awl/or cobnlt and/or copper iolS. 9, ‘the paving eomposilion ol clain 1 wherein the i combina bion of primary and seeondary catalysts igs vrre- 1 ' eu con in Lhe acphall ecment in an amount. sultictent Lo Lo : provide row U.0Y Lo 00% percent by weighty based on < : Lhe weigbl of the asrhall cement, of iron ions and of mary. anese and/or cobalt and/or copper ens. 3 10. "The paving componiiion of clalm 1 wherein the iY combinallion or prdnmry mei secondary catadyvets in vre- .. senl tu bho copholl comenl in an amount suf ficlent Lo provide from (.05 Lo 0.29 percent by weight, based on the weiphl of the asphalt concent, of iron ions and of manganese and/or ceoalt and/or copper dons. l i ! Ce - : Can Ann wr A — : . } BAD ORIGINAL 9 } B > Lo
- .
. } Vid ‘ b 11, he paving composition of olmim §ouhoreln } secondary ealadyalh in present bneoan aeunt suf Cle ont Lov pov ide Ueeng Dol Lo Qu perecnt by wedphb, Laased “on the wei hl oof he asrhalt cement, of iron iong.
i. Gre The onving Compo Lion of elalm 1 vhorein : pl : Lio coednary enlalyst ds present in oan amount sul Uiciaont Loy provide Dem G.0W Lo 0,049 percent tv weight, base? on Lhe weishl of Lae asphalt eenent, of manganese und/ oroechall snd/or copper Lon. Nn Poa Whe asphalt coment, pave conrosition of claim 1 whorein the aperosate io prasenl alo loved ai ab denct aonb AY porecnbl by weldpht based on Lhe ved ohh oot Line saving compos ibion, : We Vee owing acnroci lion of olan) whoveldn ’ ] x Lhe naphin PD coven bee elvoaetovised by oo penetoeat ion Pol tess Lhe oto LL one, i
1h. The paving, contpnsibion of elaben 1 wherein ’ Lhe aophall cowend fn choeneborized by a penetration oft bolyeen HG and 00. . $0 lhe Uae gavim, composition of claim 1 wherein . Lhe ations 8 Lhe peimary and cceondary enlalyabs ave derived fron orcanice compounds ce locboed from Lhe cron congishing of envhboxylic noida, aleohals, phensls, : and hoelonoen, Cy Foo vhas navi comnosil ion of olaln 1 wherein : ol Lhe: onions a. Lhe pederory cond cocoons anlalysts nore no 3 dovvived rors carbons Pie acids bhaviue vp Lo aboeult SC carbon aban, I, Aone Thode Pani ca anole Leena pees Tre ' ; ! - ho. * } r BAD ORIGINAL 9 W RU . : ! Coop
Ub ! : . Jb lL i conpooiiion having improved strength characteorict Loos be al lover pavoueni curing Lempersbures comprising: Lroabing a [Leid asp bt coment with a conbl- nablion of on ociigoy catalyst comprising a coupon Poe b gnlected from the group congisting of asphalt coment GoTulbdc orpand eecm une se, arprnic-cobalt, aud or- Fagie-copnor comoounds, and a omlilnre of two or pore Loren ated 0 Seeeniony catalval comprising an aoe pha concent colnbdoe orsanie-iron compound, wiiire in vo jo Lo Gpraatdve concentration of Lhe manganese and/ov : cob LL sowi/or copper dons of Lhe priviey eabalyast ances Crom G,00 Lo ha pereent by weipht of Lhe ane chall coment and Lhe cperalive concenbral lon of Lhe Seen ores of Lhe seeoadary enbalyst rages Deen 0.005 Co 1) £0 0.00 percent by welch based on the welght of the acphalt cenenly and nuixdng: Lhe treated asphalt con b wilh the apprepabes : 19, Shee pmebhod of Foraing an asphalt cement po- vip composition of elaln PS who pein Lhe asphall ce- i 20 moenh in heabod La oab leash 100eC to render it fluid Le toee Leoatiend with Lhe combination of Lhe “privary oh neeontior ys cal byob . ; 20. The nehbbind of forming an asphalt aoent pa- ving composition of claim 10 wheeeln the asphalt ce- oh ment ia oma inbained boa Cleid state Crom the the ol Pls Lroabaenl wilh Lhe privacy and sceondary catalysts To : Chroupgh Lhe mixier of Lhe Lreanted asphalt coment with the aggregate.
21. A pavement formed by spreading the paving : ; ! : : ! ; — Ny - - RAD DILGIAL » ‘ Ces : 4 , mR In
{ : : r y 26340 40 i | ‘ ! ; { ' ' comiposd Lion of olaiw 1, coupacting and per- ; witb Lhe compositing Lo cure, PHTLIT THOMAS GinLiniIDG - : Inventor Pe : I JONI LURTON LEQUALD, Ji. i ‘ ventor bo a. PATHICK KEVIH CLANCEY th Inventor i 4 r Bi { ‘ : i i CC : | l - y
! . - ae - . Lo ; i ’ BAD ORIGINAL J Co
. 3 J ob
{ . . { i bh
: . i ony 3 2 6 3 ! } Cay ALGUACH
‘ . A paviog composition formed of agpregute ) and ngphatl cement in whicli the asphalt cement ig treated with a combination of a primary dua- " Lalysh comprising a compound chosen fron the (roup consisting of anvhalt coment soluble or-
a. pau e=tnnEanc se, orpanic-cobalt, snd organic- [ coppor componnds, or i mixture of Lwo or more Lhareol, mul a secondary catalyst comprising ! 10) an usphall eomend soluble ovpante=iron compenind, i © i vo
§ . i : j Co
+ . } ) at - - i } r oe I BAD ORIGINAL P) ' | : ' ! boa
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PH36672A PH26340A (en) | 1988-03-22 | 1988-03-22 | Improved high strength asphalt cement paving composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PH36672A PH26340A (en) | 1988-03-22 | 1988-03-22 | Improved high strength asphalt cement paving composition |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
PH26340A true PH26340A (en) | 1992-04-29 |
Family
ID=19935635
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PH36672A PH26340A (en) | 1988-03-22 | 1988-03-22 | Improved high strength asphalt cement paving composition |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
PH (1) | PH26340A (en) |
-
1988
- 1988-03-22 PH PH36672A patent/PH26340A/en unknown
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