NO821852L - PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR DRAINING THE STONE. - Google Patents

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR DRAINING THE STONE.

Info

Publication number
NO821852L
NO821852L NO821852A NO821852A NO821852L NO 821852 L NO821852 L NO 821852L NO 821852 A NO821852 A NO 821852A NO 821852 A NO821852 A NO 821852A NO 821852 L NO821852 L NO 821852L
Authority
NO
Norway
Prior art keywords
rod
stone
splitting
hole
power device
Prior art date
Application number
NO821852A
Other languages
Norwegian (no)
Inventor
Hannu Paasonen
Original Assignee
Tampella Oy Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tampella Oy Ab filed Critical Tampella Oy Ab
Publication of NO821852L publication Critical patent/NO821852L/en

Links

Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/08Wrecking of buildings
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21CMINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C37/00Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
    • E21C37/06Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole
    • E21C37/10Devices with expanding elastic casings

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Sink And Installation For Waste Water (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Description

Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår en fremgangsmåte for spalting av stein, ifølge hvilken fremgangsmåte der i steinen bores- . et hull, i hullet plasseres en radielt utvidbar spaltestav og spaltestaven utvides kraftdrevet for på hullveggen å applisere en presskraft som overskrider steinens'bruddfasthet. The present invention relates to a method for splitting stone, according to which method the stone is drilled. a hole, a radially expandable splitting rod is placed in the hole and the splitting rod is expanded by force to apply a compressive force on the hole wall that exceeds the rock's breaking strength.

I denne, sammenheng innebærer, ordet "stein" nærmest selve In this context, the word "stone" almost implies itself

■steinmaterialet eller et annet liknende materiale, og fremgangs-måten ifølge, oppfinnelsen er de facto beregnet på å dekke ikke bare spalting av løse .steiner og utbrutte steinblokker, men også egentlig bergbryting. ■the stone material or another similar material, and the method according to the invention is de facto intended to cover not only the splitting of loose stones and broken boulders, but also actual rock mining.

For å unngå ulempene i■forbindelse med ved hjelp av spreng-ning utført spalting og'planering-, er det blitt utviklet visse, fremgangsmåter og redskap som er basert på en knusing av stenen ved. hjelp av mekaniske midler under utnyttelse av et trykkmedium. In order to avoid the disadvantages in connection with splitting and planing carried out by means of blasting, certain methods and tools have been developed which are based on crushing the stone with wood. by means of mechanical means while utilizing a pressure medium.

Fra tysk utlégningsskrift 1 294 305 er én med trykkluft virkende 'spalteanordning tidligere kjent, der en elastisk slange virker som eh spaltestav som er innskjøvet i et i steinen From German publication 1 294 305, a compressed air-acting 'splitting device' was previously known, where an elastic hose acts as a splitting rod which is inserted into a hole in the stone

utboret hull, hvilken slange ved sin ene ende er tilknyttet en trykkluftbeholder og ved sin andre ende er forsynt med en ven-til som ved hjelp av en sikringsplint er oppspent i sperrestil-ling. Når trykket i den elastiske slangen stiger, utvides den . radielt utad, slik at slangen presses mot borehullets vegg. Når trykket har steget .tilstrekkelig høyt, brytes ventilens sikringssplint,- hvorved luftstråler fra radielt rettede hull i ventilen strømmer ut i- borehullet og den av luftstrålene dan-nede trykkimpuls sammen med forspenningstrykket. spalter steinen. drilled hole, which hose is connected at one end to a compressed air container and at its other end is provided with a valve which is clamped in locking position with the help of a safety clip. When the pressure in the elastic hose rises, it expands. radially outwards, so that the hose is pressed against the borehole wall. When the pressure has risen sufficiently high, the valve's safety pin is broken, whereby air jets from radially directed holes in the valve flow out into the borehole and the pressure impulse formed by the air jets together with the bias pressure. splits the stone.

Ulempen med.en slik spaltemåte er imidlertid at den dan-nede, akutte trykkimpuls- forårsaker en' spalting som kan sammen-liknes med. en eksplosjon, slik at steinsplinter lett slynges rundt, og spaltihgen skjer ikke alltid under tilstrekkelig kontroll. The disadvantage of such a splitting method, however, is that the formed, acute pressure impulse causes a splitting which can be compared to. an explosion, so that splinters are easily flung around, and the crevasse does not always take place under sufficient control.

Fra svensk utlégningsskrift 401 706 er der kjent en.- hydraulisk drevet mekanisk kile,, der to.kileformete bakker og en mellomliggende- bevegelig kile virker som en spaltestav. En. hydraulisk sylinder skyver inn kilen mellom bakkene, hvorved det av bakkene forårsakete trykk spalter steinen. From Swedish patent application 401 706, a hydraulically driven mechanical wedge is known, where two wedge-shaped trays and an intermediate movable wedge act as a splitting rod. One. hydraulic cylinder pushes the wedge between the slopes, whereby the pressure caused by the slopes splits the stone.

Ulempen med en slik spaltemåte er-at det som følge av borehullets ujevne vegg oppstår mellom de stive bakker og hullveggen en punktformet kraft som ukontrollert spalter steinen. The disadvantage of such a splitting method is that, as a result of the uneven wall of the borehole, a point-shaped force occurs between the rigid slopes and the hole wall which uncontrollably splits the rock.

Formålet med foreliggende oppfinnelse er å skaffe en fremgangsmåte som eliminerer ovennevnte ulemper og som muliggjør en nøye kontroll av spaltingen. Dette oppnås ved fremgangs-måten ifølge oppfinnelsen, hvilken fremgangsmåte erkarakterisert, ved at spaltestaven utvides radielt ved å sammenpresse, et av elastisk materiale'fremstilt presstykke aksielt- i hullet. ■ Ifølge oppfinnelsen tilveiebringes en spaltemåte som i et borehull,'tross hullets eventuelle ujevnhet, frembringer en jevnt.fordelt pressvirkning, mens-det av elastisk materiale, fremstilte presstykket formår å tilpasse- seg etter ujevnhetene i borehullets vegg-. Pressvirkningen kan økes•jevnt helt til steinen splintres, idet denne pressvirkning.' frembringes . som en følge, av en radiell utvidelse av det elastiske presstykket når presstykket stadig,sammenpresses aksielt i hullet. På denne ■måte skjer ingen akutt, overdimensjonert kraftutladning som kunne føre til utslyngning av steinsplinter. i omgivelsene og til-e-n ukontrollert spalting.. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method which eliminates the above-mentioned disadvantages and which enables a careful control of the cleavage. This is achieved by the method according to the invention, which method is characterized by the split rod being expanded radially by compressing a press piece made of elastic material axially in the hole. ■ According to the invention, a slitting method is provided which in a borehole, despite the hole's possible unevenness, produces an evenly distributed pressure effect, while the press piece made of elastic material manages to adapt to the unevenness in the borehole's wall. The pressing action can be steadily increased until the stone splinters, as this pressing action.' is produced. as a result, of a radial expansion of the elastic press piece when the press piece is constantly compressed axially in the hole. In this ■way, there is no acute, oversized power discharge that could lead to the ejection of stone splinters. in the surroundings and to-e-n uncontrolled cleavage..

Oppfinnelsen angår også et redskap for utførelse av den ovenfor beskrevne fremgangsmåte, og dette redskap erkarakterisert veddet som er angitt i patentkrav 2. The invention also relates to a tool for carrying out the method described above, and this tool is characterized in the manner stated in patent claim 2.

Redskapet ifølge oppfinnelsen er i sin konstruksjon enkelt The tool according to the invention is simple in its construction

og kan lett automatiseres... and can be easily automated…

Oppfinnelsen skal i det følgende -beskrives nærmere under' In the following, the invention shall be -described in more detail below'

henvisning til den medfølgende tegning der-reference to the accompanying drawing where-

Figur 1 og. 2 viser en fordelaktig utføringsform av et spalter.edskap ifølge oppfinnelsen, delvis i lengdesnitt, anordnet i et borehull henholdsvis før og etter spaltingen. Figur '3 Figure 1 and. 2 shows an advantageous embodiment of a splitting device according to the invention, partly in longitudinal section, arranged in a borehole respectively before and after the splitting. Figure '3

viser en kopling av flere redskaper til samme trykkilde. shows a connection of several implements to the same pressure source.

Spaltéredskapet vist i figur 1 og 2 omfatter hovedsakelig en spaltestav..1 og. en i denne festet hydraulisk- sylinder 2. Istedenfor en hydraulisk sylinder kan også en annen vanlig kjent kraftanordning anvendes-. The splitting tool shown in figures 1 and 2 mainly comprises a splitting rod..1 and. a hydraulic cylinder fixed in this 2. Instead of a hydraulic cylinder, another commonly known power device can also be used.

Spaltestaven 1 omfatter en sylinderformet stang 3 hvis ene ende oppviser et hode 4 som er bredere enn stangen, og' et rør 5 gjennom hvilket stangen 3 strekker seg forskyvbart med liten klaring,, samt et holkformet presstykke 6 som befinner seg mellom hodet 4 og. røret 5 og gjennom hvilket stangen 3 strekker seg. ■ ^Hodet 4 danner.en ringformet støtteflate 4a som ligger an mot presstykkets ene endeflate,' og røret -5 danner en støtteflate 5a som ligger an mot stykkets- andre endeflate. Hodet 4, røret 5 og stykket 6 danner i hvilestillin<g>en sylinderformet flate hvis diameter, er noe mindre enn diameteren•til et hull 8 som er utboret i steinen . 7 som skal spaltes. The split rod 1 comprises a cylindrical rod 3, one end of which has a head 4 which is wider than the rod, and a tube 5 through which the rod 3 extends displaceably with little clearance, as well as a socket-shaped press piece 6 which is located between the head 4 and. the tube 5 and through which the rod 3 extends. The head 4 forms an annular support surface 4a which rests against one end surface of the press piece, and the tube 5 forms a support surface 5a which rests against the other end surface of the piece. The head 4, the pipe 5 and the piece 6 form, at rest, a cylindrical surface whose diameter is somewhat smaller than the diameter of a hole 8 which is drilled in the stone. 7 to be split.

■Den hydrauliske sylinder 2 omfatter et hus 9 som ér stivt festet i nevnte rør 5, og et stempel -10- som er stivt festet i stangen .3.' Et .syl in de r rom 1 1 er ved hjelp av'et'rør 12 via en ■ vanlig manøvreringsventil 13 forbundet med en'trykkmediumkilde 14. ■The hydraulic cylinder 2 comprises a housing 9 which is rigidly fixed in said pipe 5, and a piston -10- which is rigidly fixed in the rod .3.' A cylinder in the room 11 is connected to a pressure medium source 14 by means of a pipe 12 via a ■ common maneuvering valve 13.

Presstykket -6 er fremstilt av et slikt, elastisk materiale at presstykket kan deformeres uten likevel -åsammen<p>resses ve-.sentlig volummessig når det sammentrykkes av'ytre krefter. Pas-sende materiale er f.eks. gummi av ulike typer og polyuretan. The press piece -6 is made of such an elastic material that the press piece can be deformed without nevertheless being significantly compressed in terms of volume when it is compressed by external forces. Passing material is e.g. rubber of various types and polyurethane.

Spalteredskapet anvendes på følgende måte:The splitting tool is used in the following way:

Redskapets stav 1 innskyves i det hull som er utboret i steinen som skal spaltes,, slik at presstykket. 6 i sin helhet vil befinne seg inne i hullet. Deretter koples det hydrauliske trykk til sylinderrommet 1 1 ,■ hvorved stemplet beveger seg oppad i forhold til huset og skyver stangen 3 på tilsvarende måte oppad i forhold til røret 5..Derved blir presstykket sammenpres-'set aksielt mellom støtteflåtene 4a og 5a, hvorved presstykket på- tilsvarende måte utvides, radielt utad, slik at det blir lig-gende tett an med hele sin mantelflate mot borehullets vegg. The rod 1 of the tool is pushed into the hole drilled in the stone to be split, so that the press piece. 6 in its entirety will be inside the hole. The hydraulic pressure is then connected to the cylinder chamber 1 1 ,■ whereby the piston moves upwards in relation to the housing and pushes the rod 3 in a corresponding manner upwards in relation to the pipe 5..Thereby, the press piece is compressed axially between the support rafts 4a and 5a, whereby the press piece is similarly expanded, radially outwards, so that it lies closely with its entire mantle surface against the wall of the borehole.

Når den hydrauliske sylinder trekker stangen oppover stiger presstrykket som på grunn av det radielt ekspanderende presstyk-■kets virkning er- rettet mot steinen. Når presstrykket overstiger steinens bruddfasthet spaltes steinen. Deretter koples trykket fra sylinderrommet, hvorved stangen glir -tilbake til sin utgangsstilling under påvirkning av det elastiske presstykket, slik at spaltestaven er klar til å innføres i påfølgende borehull. When the hydraulic cylinder pulls the rod upwards, the pressing pressure rises, which due to the effect of the radially expanding pressing piece is directed against the stone. When the pressure exceeds the stone's breaking strength, the stone splits. The pressure is then switched off from the cylinder space, whereby the rod slides back to its starting position under the influence of the elastic pressure piece, so that the split rod is ready to be inserted into subsequent drill holes.

Spalteredskapet er konstruksjonsmessig og - funksjonsmessig meget - enkelt og takket være- det elastiske presstykket kan press-kraften som -ved.hjelp.av spalteredskapet rettes mot steinen for-' 'deles jévnt over hele. borehullets veggflate på tross av hullets eventuelle ujevnheter. For spaltingen av steinen anvendes ingen større kraft enn den.som steinens bruddfasthet i hvert enkelt tilfelle krever, slik at der ikke skjer noen eksplosjonsliknende The splitting device is very simple in terms of construction and - in terms of function - and thanks to the elastic pressure piece, the pressure force which is directed against the stone with the help of the splitting device can be distributed evenly throughout. the wall surface of the borehole despite the hole's possible unevenness. For the splitting of the stone, no greater force is used than that required by the breaking strength of the stone in each individual case, so that nothing similar to an explosion occurs

splintring og brytingen kan holdes strengt under kontroll. splintering and breaking can be kept strictly under control.

Ifølge figur 3 kan man ved' anvendelse av et trykkmedium kople flere spaltestaver til samme trykkmediumkilde, f.eks. for .løsgjøring av en steinblokk av bestemt form. For. hvert redskap 1, 2 kan en strømningsreguleringsventil 15 innkoples. Uten strømningsreguleringsventil utvides redskapet hoe mer på det sted der brytingen begynner, medførende samtidig en liten temporær trykksen.king i de øvrige redskaper. Derved, skjer spaltingen på sett og vis mykt. Ved anvendelse av trykkregule-ringsventiler påvirker trykksenkingen ikke de øvrige redskaper, men deres presskraft forblir uendret.og spaltingen skjer, samtidig.. According to Figure 3, by using a pressure medium, several splitting rods can be connected to the same pressure medium source, e.g. for .looseness of a block of stone of a certain shape. For. each implement 1, 2, a flow control valve 15 can be connected. Without a flow control valve, the tool expands more and more at the place where the breaking begins, causing at the same time a small temporary pressure drop in the other tools. Thereby, the splitting takes place in a soft way. When using pressure control valves, the pressure drop does not affect the other implements, but their pressure force remains unchanged and the splitting takes place at the same time..

■ Tegningen■og den tilhørende beskrivelse er bare ment å anskueliggjøre. oppfinnelsestanken. I detaljene kan fremgangs-måten ifølge oppfinnelsen og redskapet for dens utførelse vari-ere innenfor patentkravenes. ramme. ■ The drawing■and the accompanying description are only intended to illustrate. the idea of invention. In the details, the method according to the invention and the tool for its implementation may vary within the patent requirements. frame.

Claims (6)

1. Fremgangsmåte.fbr spalting av stein, hvor der i steinen (7) bores et hull (8), i hullet anbringes en radielt utvidbar spaltestav (1) og staven utvides kraftdrevet for på hullveggen å applisere en presskraft som overstiger.steinens bruddfasthet, karakterisert ved at spaltestaven (T). utvides radielt ved å sammenpresse et presstykke (6) av elastisk materiale aksielt i hullet' ..1. Method for splitting stone, where a hole (8) is drilled in the stone (7), a radially expandable splitting rod (1) is placed in the hole and the rod is expanded by force to apply a compressive force to the wall of the hole that exceeds the breaking strength of the stone, characterized in that the slot rod (T). is expanded radially by compressing a press piece (6) of elastic material axially in the hole' .. 2. Fremgangsmåte.ifølge krav 1, karakterisert ved at et flertall spaltestaver (1) koples til samme kraftkilde (14) og at spaltesta-vene -utvides samtidig.2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of split rods (1) are connected to the same power source (14) and that the split rods are expanded at the same time. 3. Redskap for spalting av stein omfattende en spaltestav (1) med to innbyrdes aksielt forskyvbare.motstykker (4, 5) samt en i spaltestaven festet kraftanordnihg (2) for forskyvning av ■motstykkene, karakterisert ved .at der mellom' spaltestavenes motstykker (4, 5) er anordnet et presstykke (6) av elastisk materiale, slik.at en innbyrdes forskyvning av. motstykkene sammenpresser presstykket aksielt.og utvider det radielt..3. Tool for splitting stone comprising a splitting rod (1) with two mutually axially displaceable counterparts (4, 5) as well as a power device (2) attached to the splitting rod for displacement of ■ the counterparts, characterized in that there is a pressure piece (6) of elastic material arranged between the counter parts (4, 5) of the split rods, so that a mutual displacement of the counterparts compress the press piece axially and expand it radially. 4. - Redskap ifølge, krav 3, k a r a' k. t e r i s e r t ved at presstykket (6)'er holkformet og det omslutter en stangformet kropp (3) som strekker seg gjennom ] en av kraftanordningens. (9) hus båret, rørformet kropp ( 5\ og er tilkoplet kraftanordningens drivorgan (1 0.) , idet begge kroppene oppviser ringformete støtteflatef (4a, 5a) som ligger an mot presstykkets motsva-rend endeflater..4. - Tool according to claim 3, characterized in that the pressing piece (6) is hollow-shaped and it encloses a rod-shaped body (3) which extends through one of the power device. (9) housing supported, tubular body (5\) and is connected to the power device's drive member (10.), as both bodies have ring-shaped support surfaces (4a, 5a) which rest against the corresponding end surfaces of the pressing piece.. 5.. Redskap ifølge krav 3 eller 4, karakterisert ved at presstykket (6) består av et.deformerbart, men volummessig vesentlig ukomprimerbart materiale.5.. Tool according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the pressing piece (6) consists of a deformable, but volume-wise essentially incompressible material. 6. Redskap 'ifølge et av kravene 3 - 5, hvor kraftanordningen (2 ) er trykkmediumdrevet, karakterisert ved at' kraftanordningen (2) er. forsynt med en strømningsregulerings-ventil (15) for . å. bibeholde utvidelseskraften som påvirker presstykket (6.) .6. Tool according to one of the claims 3 - 5, where the power device (2) is pressure medium driven, characterized in that the power device (2) is. provided with a flow control valve (15) for . to. maintain the expansion force affecting the press piece (6.) .
NO821852A 1981-06-04 1982-06-03 PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR DRAINING THE STONE. NO821852L (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI811740A FI64438C (en) 1981-06-04 1981-06-04 FOERFARANDE FOER SPJAELKNING AV STEN

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
NO821852L true NO821852L (en) 1982-12-06

Family

ID=8514466

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
NO821852A NO821852L (en) 1981-06-04 1982-06-03 PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR DRAINING THE STONE.

Country Status (11)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS5841189A (en)
AU (1) AU556541B2 (en)
CA (1) CA1187474A (en)
DE (1) DE3219618C2 (en)
ES (1) ES520669A0 (en)
FI (1) FI64438C (en)
FR (1) FR2507245B1 (en)
GB (1) GB2099885B (en)
IT (1) IT1151450B (en)
NO (1) NO821852L (en)
SE (1) SE455956B (en)

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DE3222206C2 (en) * 1982-06-12 1985-03-14 Peter 7000 Stuttgart Kessler Device for breaking or blasting solid material, for example rock or concrete
JPS59118989A (en) * 1982-12-13 1984-07-09 鹿島建設株式会社 Static crushing of rock
SE444837B (en) * 1984-10-18 1986-05-12 Derman Ab K G DEVICE FOR BLASTING STONE BLOCK, MOUNTAIN, CONCRETE AND SIMILAR
JPS61148231U (en) * 1985-03-06 1986-09-12
JPS61257593A (en) * 1985-05-09 1986-11-15 西武ポリマ化成株式会社 Crusher for base rock, etc.
JPH0336636Y2 (en) * 1986-09-05 1991-08-02
EP0404944A4 (en) * 1989-01-18 1991-04-10 Spetsializirovanny Trest Po Romontu Promyshlennykh Zdany I Soorzheny Predpriyaty Chernoi Metallurgii Tsentralnogo Raiona Device for directed splitting of monolith objects
FR2671376A1 (en) * 1991-01-07 1992-07-10 Brole Jean Method and hydraulic device for breaking stone or similar materials
CN103817805B (en) * 2014-03-18 2015-09-09 李衍远 A kind of method utilizing long crack to expand segmentation flat-plate stone
CN104499729B (en) * 2014-11-28 2016-12-07 芜湖银星汽车零部件有限公司 A kind of disassembly table
CN105437377A (en) * 2015-12-28 2016-03-30 纪新刚 Hydraulic splitting device and method
CN109372507B (en) * 2018-12-07 2023-10-20 张永利 Hydraulic fracturing device and directional splitting and expanding fracturing method thereof
CN111175125A (en) * 2020-01-17 2020-05-19 安徽理工大学 Coal rock tensile strength cracking experiment probe and assembly method
CN111715368A (en) * 2020-06-17 2020-09-29 成都易合元科技有限公司 Flexible rock cracking device and manufacturing method thereof
CN111981923B (en) * 2020-07-21 2023-01-17 成都易合元科技有限公司 Rock breaking method for supporting composite spalling
CN113431575B (en) * 2021-06-11 2024-04-26 中铁六局集团有限公司 Construction method for assisting stone cutting excavation by plunger type rock hydraulic splitter

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US1837651A (en) * 1929-06-06 1931-12-22 Fred S Caldwell Apparatus for mining coal
DE1294305B (en) * 1965-10-08 1969-05-08 Glueckauf Guenther Klerner Mas Use of a compressed air-actuated tubular explosive device in stone quarries
DE1577988A1 (en) * 1966-07-20 1970-02-26 Heinz Hoelter Method and device for splitting preferably hard mineral, such as rock
GB1238181A (en) * 1968-02-24 1971-07-07
DE2129444A1 (en) * 1971-06-14 1972-12-21 Helmut Darda Device for mechanical breaking down of rock or the like.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS6145033B2 (en) 1986-10-06
FR2507245A1 (en) 1982-12-10
ES8403564A1 (en) 1984-03-16
FR2507245B1 (en) 1988-07-08
IT8221685A0 (en) 1982-06-03
FI64438C (en) 1983-11-10
CA1187474A (en) 1985-05-21
JPS5841189A (en) 1983-03-10
DE3219618A1 (en) 1983-01-05
IT1151450B (en) 1986-12-17
ES520669A0 (en) 1984-03-16
AU8431482A (en) 1982-12-09
AU556541B2 (en) 1986-11-06
FI64438B (en) 1983-07-29
SE455956B (en) 1988-08-22
GB2099885B (en) 1984-05-31
SE8203368L (en) 1982-12-05
GB2099885A (en) 1982-12-15
DE3219618C2 (en) 1985-09-19

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