NO821852L - PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR DRAINING THE STONE. - Google Patents
PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR DRAINING THE STONE.Info
- Publication number
- NO821852L NO821852L NO821852A NO821852A NO821852L NO 821852 L NO821852 L NO 821852L NO 821852 A NO821852 A NO 821852A NO 821852 A NO821852 A NO 821852A NO 821852 L NO821852 L NO 821852L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- rod
- stone
- splitting
- hole
- power device
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/08—Wrecking of buildings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
- E21C37/06—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole
- E21C37/10—Devices with expanding elastic casings
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
- Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Sink And Installation For Waste Water (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår en fremgangsmåte for spalting av stein, ifølge hvilken fremgangsmåte der i steinen bores- . et hull, i hullet plasseres en radielt utvidbar spaltestav og spaltestaven utvides kraftdrevet for på hullveggen å applisere en presskraft som overskrider steinens'bruddfasthet. The present invention relates to a method for splitting stone, according to which method the stone is drilled. a hole, a radially expandable splitting rod is placed in the hole and the splitting rod is expanded by force to apply a compressive force on the hole wall that exceeds the rock's breaking strength.
I denne, sammenheng innebærer, ordet "stein" nærmest selve In this context, the word "stone" almost implies itself
■steinmaterialet eller et annet liknende materiale, og fremgangs-måten ifølge, oppfinnelsen er de facto beregnet på å dekke ikke bare spalting av løse .steiner og utbrutte steinblokker, men også egentlig bergbryting. ■the stone material or another similar material, and the method according to the invention is de facto intended to cover not only the splitting of loose stones and broken boulders, but also actual rock mining.
For å unngå ulempene i■forbindelse med ved hjelp av spreng-ning utført spalting og'planering-, er det blitt utviklet visse, fremgangsmåter og redskap som er basert på en knusing av stenen ved. hjelp av mekaniske midler under utnyttelse av et trykkmedium. In order to avoid the disadvantages in connection with splitting and planing carried out by means of blasting, certain methods and tools have been developed which are based on crushing the stone with wood. by means of mechanical means while utilizing a pressure medium.
Fra tysk utlégningsskrift 1 294 305 er én med trykkluft virkende 'spalteanordning tidligere kjent, der en elastisk slange virker som eh spaltestav som er innskjøvet i et i steinen From German publication 1 294 305, a compressed air-acting 'splitting device' was previously known, where an elastic hose acts as a splitting rod which is inserted into a hole in the stone
utboret hull, hvilken slange ved sin ene ende er tilknyttet en trykkluftbeholder og ved sin andre ende er forsynt med en ven-til som ved hjelp av en sikringsplint er oppspent i sperrestil-ling. Når trykket i den elastiske slangen stiger, utvides den . radielt utad, slik at slangen presses mot borehullets vegg. Når trykket har steget .tilstrekkelig høyt, brytes ventilens sikringssplint,- hvorved luftstråler fra radielt rettede hull i ventilen strømmer ut i- borehullet og den av luftstrålene dan-nede trykkimpuls sammen med forspenningstrykket. spalter steinen. drilled hole, which hose is connected at one end to a compressed air container and at its other end is provided with a valve which is clamped in locking position with the help of a safety clip. When the pressure in the elastic hose rises, it expands. radially outwards, so that the hose is pressed against the borehole wall. When the pressure has risen sufficiently high, the valve's safety pin is broken, whereby air jets from radially directed holes in the valve flow out into the borehole and the pressure impulse formed by the air jets together with the bias pressure. splits the stone.
Ulempen med.en slik spaltemåte er imidlertid at den dan-nede, akutte trykkimpuls- forårsaker en' spalting som kan sammen-liknes med. en eksplosjon, slik at steinsplinter lett slynges rundt, og spaltihgen skjer ikke alltid under tilstrekkelig kontroll. The disadvantage of such a splitting method, however, is that the formed, acute pressure impulse causes a splitting which can be compared to. an explosion, so that splinters are easily flung around, and the crevasse does not always take place under sufficient control.
Fra svensk utlégningsskrift 401 706 er der kjent en.- hydraulisk drevet mekanisk kile,, der to.kileformete bakker og en mellomliggende- bevegelig kile virker som en spaltestav. En. hydraulisk sylinder skyver inn kilen mellom bakkene, hvorved det av bakkene forårsakete trykk spalter steinen. From Swedish patent application 401 706, a hydraulically driven mechanical wedge is known, where two wedge-shaped trays and an intermediate movable wedge act as a splitting rod. One. hydraulic cylinder pushes the wedge between the slopes, whereby the pressure caused by the slopes splits the stone.
Ulempen med en slik spaltemåte er-at det som følge av borehullets ujevne vegg oppstår mellom de stive bakker og hullveggen en punktformet kraft som ukontrollert spalter steinen. The disadvantage of such a splitting method is that, as a result of the uneven wall of the borehole, a point-shaped force occurs between the rigid slopes and the hole wall which uncontrollably splits the rock.
Formålet med foreliggende oppfinnelse er å skaffe en fremgangsmåte som eliminerer ovennevnte ulemper og som muliggjør en nøye kontroll av spaltingen. Dette oppnås ved fremgangs-måten ifølge oppfinnelsen, hvilken fremgangsmåte erkarakterisert, ved at spaltestaven utvides radielt ved å sammenpresse, et av elastisk materiale'fremstilt presstykke aksielt- i hullet. ■ Ifølge oppfinnelsen tilveiebringes en spaltemåte som i et borehull,'tross hullets eventuelle ujevnhet, frembringer en jevnt.fordelt pressvirkning, mens-det av elastisk materiale, fremstilte presstykket formår å tilpasse- seg etter ujevnhetene i borehullets vegg-. Pressvirkningen kan økes•jevnt helt til steinen splintres, idet denne pressvirkning.' frembringes . som en følge, av en radiell utvidelse av det elastiske presstykket når presstykket stadig,sammenpresses aksielt i hullet. På denne ■måte skjer ingen akutt, overdimensjonert kraftutladning som kunne føre til utslyngning av steinsplinter. i omgivelsene og til-e-n ukontrollert spalting.. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method which eliminates the above-mentioned disadvantages and which enables a careful control of the cleavage. This is achieved by the method according to the invention, which method is characterized by the split rod being expanded radially by compressing a press piece made of elastic material axially in the hole. ■ According to the invention, a slitting method is provided which in a borehole, despite the hole's possible unevenness, produces an evenly distributed pressure effect, while the press piece made of elastic material manages to adapt to the unevenness in the borehole's wall. The pressing action can be steadily increased until the stone splinters, as this pressing action.' is produced. as a result, of a radial expansion of the elastic press piece when the press piece is constantly compressed axially in the hole. In this ■way, there is no acute, oversized power discharge that could lead to the ejection of stone splinters. in the surroundings and to-e-n uncontrolled cleavage..
Oppfinnelsen angår også et redskap for utførelse av den ovenfor beskrevne fremgangsmåte, og dette redskap erkarakterisert veddet som er angitt i patentkrav 2. The invention also relates to a tool for carrying out the method described above, and this tool is characterized in the manner stated in patent claim 2.
Redskapet ifølge oppfinnelsen er i sin konstruksjon enkelt The tool according to the invention is simple in its construction
og kan lett automatiseres... and can be easily automated…
Oppfinnelsen skal i det følgende -beskrives nærmere under' In the following, the invention shall be -described in more detail below'
henvisning til den medfølgende tegning der-reference to the accompanying drawing where-
Figur 1 og. 2 viser en fordelaktig utføringsform av et spalter.edskap ifølge oppfinnelsen, delvis i lengdesnitt, anordnet i et borehull henholdsvis før og etter spaltingen. Figur '3 Figure 1 and. 2 shows an advantageous embodiment of a splitting device according to the invention, partly in longitudinal section, arranged in a borehole respectively before and after the splitting. Figure '3
viser en kopling av flere redskaper til samme trykkilde. shows a connection of several implements to the same pressure source.
Spaltéredskapet vist i figur 1 og 2 omfatter hovedsakelig en spaltestav..1 og. en i denne festet hydraulisk- sylinder 2. Istedenfor en hydraulisk sylinder kan også en annen vanlig kjent kraftanordning anvendes-. The splitting tool shown in figures 1 and 2 mainly comprises a splitting rod..1 and. a hydraulic cylinder fixed in this 2. Instead of a hydraulic cylinder, another commonly known power device can also be used.
Spaltestaven 1 omfatter en sylinderformet stang 3 hvis ene ende oppviser et hode 4 som er bredere enn stangen, og' et rør 5 gjennom hvilket stangen 3 strekker seg forskyvbart med liten klaring,, samt et holkformet presstykke 6 som befinner seg mellom hodet 4 og. røret 5 og gjennom hvilket stangen 3 strekker seg. ■ ^Hodet 4 danner.en ringformet støtteflate 4a som ligger an mot presstykkets ene endeflate,' og røret -5 danner en støtteflate 5a som ligger an mot stykkets- andre endeflate. Hodet 4, røret 5 og stykket 6 danner i hvilestillin<g>en sylinderformet flate hvis diameter, er noe mindre enn diameteren•til et hull 8 som er utboret i steinen . 7 som skal spaltes. The split rod 1 comprises a cylindrical rod 3, one end of which has a head 4 which is wider than the rod, and a tube 5 through which the rod 3 extends displaceably with little clearance, as well as a socket-shaped press piece 6 which is located between the head 4 and. the tube 5 and through which the rod 3 extends. The head 4 forms an annular support surface 4a which rests against one end surface of the press piece, and the tube 5 forms a support surface 5a which rests against the other end surface of the piece. The head 4, the pipe 5 and the piece 6 form, at rest, a cylindrical surface whose diameter is somewhat smaller than the diameter of a hole 8 which is drilled in the stone. 7 to be split.
■Den hydrauliske sylinder 2 omfatter et hus 9 som ér stivt festet i nevnte rør 5, og et stempel -10- som er stivt festet i stangen .3.' Et .syl in de r rom 1 1 er ved hjelp av'et'rør 12 via en ■ vanlig manøvreringsventil 13 forbundet med en'trykkmediumkilde 14. ■The hydraulic cylinder 2 comprises a housing 9 which is rigidly fixed in said pipe 5, and a piston -10- which is rigidly fixed in the rod .3.' A cylinder in the room 11 is connected to a pressure medium source 14 by means of a pipe 12 via a ■ common maneuvering valve 13.
Presstykket -6 er fremstilt av et slikt, elastisk materiale at presstykket kan deformeres uten likevel -åsammen<p>resses ve-.sentlig volummessig når det sammentrykkes av'ytre krefter. Pas-sende materiale er f.eks. gummi av ulike typer og polyuretan. The press piece -6 is made of such an elastic material that the press piece can be deformed without nevertheless being significantly compressed in terms of volume when it is compressed by external forces. Passing material is e.g. rubber of various types and polyurethane.
Spalteredskapet anvendes på følgende måte:The splitting tool is used in the following way:
Redskapets stav 1 innskyves i det hull som er utboret i steinen som skal spaltes,, slik at presstykket. 6 i sin helhet vil befinne seg inne i hullet. Deretter koples det hydrauliske trykk til sylinderrommet 1 1 ,■ hvorved stemplet beveger seg oppad i forhold til huset og skyver stangen 3 på tilsvarende måte oppad i forhold til røret 5..Derved blir presstykket sammenpres-'set aksielt mellom støtteflåtene 4a og 5a, hvorved presstykket på- tilsvarende måte utvides, radielt utad, slik at det blir lig-gende tett an med hele sin mantelflate mot borehullets vegg. The rod 1 of the tool is pushed into the hole drilled in the stone to be split, so that the press piece. 6 in its entirety will be inside the hole. The hydraulic pressure is then connected to the cylinder chamber 1 1 ,■ whereby the piston moves upwards in relation to the housing and pushes the rod 3 in a corresponding manner upwards in relation to the pipe 5..Thereby, the press piece is compressed axially between the support rafts 4a and 5a, whereby the press piece is similarly expanded, radially outwards, so that it lies closely with its entire mantle surface against the wall of the borehole.
Når den hydrauliske sylinder trekker stangen oppover stiger presstrykket som på grunn av det radielt ekspanderende presstyk-■kets virkning er- rettet mot steinen. Når presstrykket overstiger steinens bruddfasthet spaltes steinen. Deretter koples trykket fra sylinderrommet, hvorved stangen glir -tilbake til sin utgangsstilling under påvirkning av det elastiske presstykket, slik at spaltestaven er klar til å innføres i påfølgende borehull. When the hydraulic cylinder pulls the rod upwards, the pressing pressure rises, which due to the effect of the radially expanding pressing piece is directed against the stone. When the pressure exceeds the stone's breaking strength, the stone splits. The pressure is then switched off from the cylinder space, whereby the rod slides back to its starting position under the influence of the elastic pressure piece, so that the split rod is ready to be inserted into subsequent drill holes.
Spalteredskapet er konstruksjonsmessig og - funksjonsmessig meget - enkelt og takket være- det elastiske presstykket kan press-kraften som -ved.hjelp.av spalteredskapet rettes mot steinen for-' 'deles jévnt over hele. borehullets veggflate på tross av hullets eventuelle ujevnheter. For spaltingen av steinen anvendes ingen større kraft enn den.som steinens bruddfasthet i hvert enkelt tilfelle krever, slik at der ikke skjer noen eksplosjonsliknende The splitting device is very simple in terms of construction and - in terms of function - and thanks to the elastic pressure piece, the pressure force which is directed against the stone with the help of the splitting device can be distributed evenly throughout. the wall surface of the borehole despite the hole's possible unevenness. For the splitting of the stone, no greater force is used than that required by the breaking strength of the stone in each individual case, so that nothing similar to an explosion occurs
splintring og brytingen kan holdes strengt under kontroll. splintering and breaking can be kept strictly under control.
Ifølge figur 3 kan man ved' anvendelse av et trykkmedium kople flere spaltestaver til samme trykkmediumkilde, f.eks. for .løsgjøring av en steinblokk av bestemt form. For. hvert redskap 1, 2 kan en strømningsreguleringsventil 15 innkoples. Uten strømningsreguleringsventil utvides redskapet hoe mer på det sted der brytingen begynner, medførende samtidig en liten temporær trykksen.king i de øvrige redskaper. Derved, skjer spaltingen på sett og vis mykt. Ved anvendelse av trykkregule-ringsventiler påvirker trykksenkingen ikke de øvrige redskaper, men deres presskraft forblir uendret.og spaltingen skjer, samtidig.. According to Figure 3, by using a pressure medium, several splitting rods can be connected to the same pressure medium source, e.g. for .looseness of a block of stone of a certain shape. For. each implement 1, 2, a flow control valve 15 can be connected. Without a flow control valve, the tool expands more and more at the place where the breaking begins, causing at the same time a small temporary pressure drop in the other tools. Thereby, the splitting takes place in a soft way. When using pressure control valves, the pressure drop does not affect the other implements, but their pressure force remains unchanged and the splitting takes place at the same time..
■ Tegningen■og den tilhørende beskrivelse er bare ment å anskueliggjøre. oppfinnelsestanken. I detaljene kan fremgangs-måten ifølge oppfinnelsen og redskapet for dens utførelse vari-ere innenfor patentkravenes. ramme. ■ The drawing■and the accompanying description are only intended to illustrate. the idea of invention. In the details, the method according to the invention and the tool for its implementation may vary within the patent requirements. frame.
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FI811740A FI64438C (en) | 1981-06-04 | 1981-06-04 | FOERFARANDE FOER SPJAELKNING AV STEN |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO821852L true NO821852L (en) | 1982-12-06 |
Family
ID=8514466
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO821852A NO821852L (en) | 1981-06-04 | 1982-06-03 | PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR DRAINING THE STONE. |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS5841189A (en) |
AU (1) | AU556541B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1187474A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3219618C2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES520669A0 (en) |
FI (1) | FI64438C (en) |
FR (1) | FR2507245B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2099885B (en) |
IT (1) | IT1151450B (en) |
NO (1) | NO821852L (en) |
SE (1) | SE455956B (en) |
Families Citing this family (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3222206C2 (en) * | 1982-06-12 | 1985-03-14 | Peter 7000 Stuttgart Kessler | Device for breaking or blasting solid material, for example rock or concrete |
JPS59118989A (en) * | 1982-12-13 | 1984-07-09 | 鹿島建設株式会社 | Static crushing of rock |
SE444837B (en) * | 1984-10-18 | 1986-05-12 | Derman Ab K G | DEVICE FOR BLASTING STONE BLOCK, MOUNTAIN, CONCRETE AND SIMILAR |
JPS61148231U (en) * | 1985-03-06 | 1986-09-12 | ||
JPS61257593A (en) * | 1985-05-09 | 1986-11-15 | 西武ポリマ化成株式会社 | Crusher for base rock, etc. |
JPH0336636Y2 (en) * | 1986-09-05 | 1991-08-02 | ||
EP0404944A4 (en) * | 1989-01-18 | 1991-04-10 | Spetsializirovanny Trest Po Romontu Promyshlennykh Zdany I Soorzheny Predpriyaty Chernoi Metallurgii Tsentralnogo Raiona | Device for directed splitting of monolith objects |
FR2671376A1 (en) * | 1991-01-07 | 1992-07-10 | Brole Jean | Method and hydraulic device for breaking stone or similar materials |
CN103817805B (en) * | 2014-03-18 | 2015-09-09 | 李衍远 | A kind of method utilizing long crack to expand segmentation flat-plate stone |
CN104499729B (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2016-12-07 | 芜湖银星汽车零部件有限公司 | A kind of disassembly table |
CN105437377A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-03-30 | 纪新刚 | Hydraulic splitting device and method |
CN109372507B (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2023-10-20 | 张永利 | Hydraulic fracturing device and directional splitting and expanding fracturing method thereof |
CN111175125A (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2020-05-19 | 安徽理工大学 | Coal rock tensile strength cracking experiment probe and assembly method |
CN111715368A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2020-09-29 | 成都易合元科技有限公司 | Flexible rock cracking device and manufacturing method thereof |
CN111981923B (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2023-01-17 | 成都易合元科技有限公司 | Rock breaking method for supporting composite spalling |
CN113431575B (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2024-04-26 | 中铁六局集团有限公司 | Construction method for assisting stone cutting excavation by plunger type rock hydraulic splitter |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1630470A (en) * | 1922-08-24 | 1927-05-31 | Clifford Corp | Apparatus for breaking down ore bodies |
DE514338C (en) * | 1925-10-10 | 1930-12-10 | Siemens & Halske Akt Ges | Hydraulic blasting sleeve for blasting rocks |
US1837651A (en) * | 1929-06-06 | 1931-12-22 | Fred S Caldwell | Apparatus for mining coal |
DE1294305B (en) * | 1965-10-08 | 1969-05-08 | Glueckauf Guenther Klerner Mas | Use of a compressed air-actuated tubular explosive device in stone quarries |
DE1577988A1 (en) * | 1966-07-20 | 1970-02-26 | Heinz Hoelter | Method and device for splitting preferably hard mineral, such as rock |
GB1238181A (en) * | 1968-02-24 | 1971-07-07 | ||
DE2129444A1 (en) * | 1971-06-14 | 1972-12-21 | Helmut Darda | Device for mechanical breaking down of rock or the like. |
-
1981
- 1981-06-04 FI FI811740A patent/FI64438C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1982
- 1982-05-17 GB GB8214252A patent/GB2099885B/en not_active Expired
- 1982-05-25 CA CA000403644A patent/CA1187474A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-05-25 DE DE3219618A patent/DE3219618C2/en not_active Expired
- 1982-05-26 FR FR8209163A patent/FR2507245B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-05-31 AU AU84314/82A patent/AU556541B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1982-06-01 SE SE8203368A patent/SE455956B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-06-03 IT IT21685/82A patent/IT1151450B/en active
- 1982-06-03 JP JP57094119A patent/JPS5841189A/en active Granted
- 1982-06-03 NO NO821852A patent/NO821852L/en unknown
-
1983
- 1983-03-16 ES ES520669A patent/ES520669A0/en active Granted
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS6145033B2 (en) | 1986-10-06 |
FR2507245A1 (en) | 1982-12-10 |
ES8403564A1 (en) | 1984-03-16 |
FR2507245B1 (en) | 1988-07-08 |
IT8221685A0 (en) | 1982-06-03 |
FI64438C (en) | 1983-11-10 |
CA1187474A (en) | 1985-05-21 |
JPS5841189A (en) | 1983-03-10 |
DE3219618A1 (en) | 1983-01-05 |
IT1151450B (en) | 1986-12-17 |
ES520669A0 (en) | 1984-03-16 |
AU8431482A (en) | 1982-12-09 |
AU556541B2 (en) | 1986-11-06 |
FI64438B (en) | 1983-07-29 |
SE455956B (en) | 1988-08-22 |
GB2099885B (en) | 1984-05-31 |
SE8203368L (en) | 1982-12-05 |
GB2099885A (en) | 1982-12-15 |
DE3219618C2 (en) | 1985-09-19 |
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