NO152094B - HEAT STABILIZED VINYL CHLORIDE PLASTIC - Google Patents
HEAT STABILIZED VINYL CHLORIDE PLASTIC Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO152094B NO152094B NO760069A NO760069A NO152094B NO 152094 B NO152094 B NO 152094B NO 760069 A NO760069 A NO 760069A NO 760069 A NO760069 A NO 760069A NO 152094 B NO152094 B NO 152094B
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- Prior art keywords
- carbon atoms
- formula
- residue
- vinyl chloride
- carbon
- Prior art date
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- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 17
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims description 8
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001734 carboxylic acid salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 3
- ZBRRLVWJAPULGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N henicosane-2,4-dione Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)CC(C)=O ZBRRLVWJAPULGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 159000000009 barium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001661 cadmium Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 44
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 14
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- -1 aralkyl radical Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 11
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical class [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- CVBUKMMMRLOKQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylbutane-1,3-dione Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 CVBUKMMMRLOKQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- WTVNFKVGGUWHQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane-2,4-dione Chemical compound CCCCCCC(=O)CC(C)=O WTVNFKVGGUWHQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 description 4
- LRQGFQDEQPZDQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Phenyl-1,3-eicosanedione Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LRQGFQDEQPZDQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AUZFRUHVDNDVJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-acetylpentane-2,4-dione Chemical compound CC(=O)C(C(C)=O)C(C)=O AUZFRUHVDNDVJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical class [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004989 dicarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 3
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- MGMXGCZJYUCMGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(4-nonylphenyl) phosphite Chemical compound C1=CC(CCCCCCCCC)=CC=C1OP(OC=1C=CC(CCCCCCCCC)=CC=1)OC1=CC=C(CCCCCCCCC)C=C1 MGMXGCZJYUCMGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KNTLTMLEQPLVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-3-oxobutanal Chemical compound O=CC(C)C(C)=O KNTLTMLEQPLVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCSDAMGBOVWGEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-oxo-3-phenylpropanal Chemical compound O=CCC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HCSDAMGBOVWGEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SHZIWNPUGXLXDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl hexanoate Chemical class CCCCCC(=O)OCC SHZIWNPUGXLXDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006053 organic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- LIKQHVGPOUBDTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diphenylbutane-1,3-dione Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CC(=O)CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LIKQHVGPOUBDTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKODVQHJSDDYJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-acetylphenyl)-18-methoxyoctadecan-1-one Chemical compound COCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(C)=O)C=C1 JKODVQHJSDDYJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ORRFUSZRQQLTTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylnonane-1,3-dione Chemical compound CCCCCCC(=O)CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ORRFUSZRQQLTTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LXUIUVLDNRQBQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenyltetradecan-1-one Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LXUIUVLDNRQBQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CJPNOLIZCWDHJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Pentadecanone Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C)=O CJPNOLIZCWDHJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AWFYPPSBLUWMFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[5-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-1-(1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C1=NN=C(O1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=C2 AWFYPPSBLUWMFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTUQBZGKHZPYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzoyl-1,3-diphenylpropane-1,3-dione Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C(C(=O)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 CTUQBZGKHZPYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SEEZASVQMVQWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-methylnon-7-ene-2,4-dione Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(=O)CC(C)=O SEEZASVQMVQWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-n-octyl phthalate Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCC MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- CIUQDSCDWFSTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C]1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound [C]1=CC=CC=C1 CIUQDSCDWFSTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000032 aromatic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical class [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGXUVMPSUKZYDT-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium(2+);octadecanoate Chemical compound [Ba+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O AGXUVMPSUKZYDT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000001558 benzoic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005594 diketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011499 joint compound Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002689 maleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009740 moulding (composite fabrication) Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N normal nonane Natural products CCCCCCCCC BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005474 octanoate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002942 palmitic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005498 phthalate group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001175 rotational moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035900 sweating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSJKGSCJYJTIGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC RSJKGSCJYJTIGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/07—Aldehydes; Ketones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/09—Carboxylic acids; Metal salts thereof; Anhydrides thereof
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår varmebestandig plast på basis av en vinylkloridpolymer. The present invention relates to heat-resistant plastic based on a vinyl chloride polymer.
Det er kjent at polymerer og kopolymerer av vinylklorid anvendes for fremstilling av ferdige gjenstander ved ulike prosesser slik som forming, pressing, sprøyting og støping, noe som krever høye temperaturer for at polymeren skal oppnå en tilstrekkelig mykhetsgrad. Ved disse temperaturer som kan gå helt opp til l80-200°C, skjer det i polymerer på basis av vinylklorid en betydelig nedbryting som fører til en forandring av fargen og de mekaniske egenskaper. Por å unngå denne forandring har man foreslått tilsetning av varmestabiliserihgs-midler slik som metallchelater av dikarbonylforbindelser, enten alene eller i kombinasjon med karboksylsyresalter av slike metaller som kalsium, bly og kadmium (US-patenter nr. 2307075 og 2669548). Man har også anvendt salter av tung-metaller og høyere fettsyrer i kombinasjon med organiske fos-fitter (US-patent nr. 2564646) eller i kombinasjon med poly-oler (US-patent nr. 2711401). Disse forskjellige midler er imidlertid ikke tilstrekkelige når polymeren utsettes for høye temperaturer og anvendes for fremstilling av lyse eller gjennomskinnelige gjenstander fordi også en tilfeldig kraftig oppvarming fremkaller en mer eller mindre kraftig gulning av polymeren slik at denne blir uanvendelig for visse formål. It is known that polymers and copolymers of vinyl chloride are used for the production of finished articles by various processes such as forming, pressing, spraying and casting, which require high temperatures for the polymer to achieve a sufficient degree of softness. At these temperatures, which can go all the way up to 180-200°C, a significant breakdown occurs in polymers based on vinyl chloride, which leads to a change in the color and the mechanical properties. In order to avoid this change, it has been proposed to add heat stabilizing agents such as metal chelates of dicarbonyl compounds, either alone or in combination with carboxylic acid salts of such metals as calcium, lead and cadmium (US patents no. 2307075 and 2669548). Salts of heavy metals and higher fatty acids have also been used in combination with organic phosphites (US patent no. 2564646) or in combination with polyols (US patent no. 2711401). However, these various means are not sufficient when the polymer is exposed to high temperatures and is used for the production of light or translucent objects, because even an accidental strong heating causes a more or less strong yellowing of the polymer so that it becomes unusable for certain purposes.
Ved fremstilling av gjennomskinnelige filmer eller hinner When producing translucent films or membranes
eller ved fremstilling av flasker og liqnende kan man således ikke godta en forandring av polymerens farge ettersom dette vil gjøre gjenstandens gjennomskinnelighet dårligere. Man har nu funnet at det er mulig å forhindre denne termiske nedbrytning av polymerblandinger på basis av vinylklorid ved tilsetning av or in the production of bottles and the like, a change in the polymer's color cannot therefore be accepted as this will make the object's translucency worse. It has now been found that it is possible to prevent this thermal decomposition of polymer mixtures based on vinyl chloride by adding
foreliggende stabiliseringsmiddelblanding. present stabilizer mixture.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår således varmestabilisert plast,fri for vismut og antimon, på basis av en vinylkloridpolymer, og denne plast karakteriseres ved at den, beregnet på polymerens vekt inneholder: a) 0,1 - 5% av ett eller flere av de karboksylsyresalter av to-verdige metaller som vanligvis benyttes for stabilisering av The present invention thus relates to heat-stabilized plastic, free of bismuth and antimony, based on a vinyl chloride polymer, and this plastic is characterized by the fact that, calculated on the weight of the polymer, it contains: a) 0.1 - 5% of one or more of the carboxylic acid salts of two -precious metals which are usually used for stabilization of
vinylkloridpolymerer, og vinyl chloride polymers, and
b) 0,05-5 vekt-% av et 3-diketon eller et 3-ketoaldehyd med den generelle formel b) 0.05-5% by weight of a 3-diketone or a 3-ketoaldehyde with the general formula
hvor: where:
R.j og R^ som kan være like eller forskjellige betyr: R.j and R^ which can be the same or different mean:
en lineær eller forgrenet alkyl- eller alkenylgruppe med 1-36 karbonåtomer; a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group of 1-36 carbon atoms;
en aralkylrest med 7-36 karbonåtomer; an aralkyl radical of 7-36 carbon atoms;
en cykloalifatisk rest med minst 14 karbonåtomer og eventuelt en karbon-karbon-dobbeltbinding; a cycloaliphatic residue of at least 14 carbon atoms and optionally a carbon-carbon double bond;
de alifatiske kjeder i R^ og R^ kan være modifisert ved nærvær av en eller flere grupper CO-0 og CO; the aliphatic chains in R^ and R^ may be modified by the presence of one or more groups CO-0 and CO;
R.j eller R^ betyr en fenylrest som kan være substituert med en eller flere metyl-, etyl-, metoksy-eller etoksygrupper; R.j or R^ means a phenyl radical which may be substituted with one or more methyl, ethyl, methoxy or ethoxy groups;
R.j og R^ sammen kan danne en alkylenrest med 2-5 karbonåtomer, eventuelt inneholdende en CO-gruppe; R^ eller R^ betyr et hydrogenatom; R.j and R^ together can form an alkylene residue with 2-5 carbon atoms, optionally containing a CO group; R 1 or R 2 represents a hydrogen atom;
R^ og R^ ikke har karbonyl eller etylenisk umettethet på karbonatomet som direkte er bundet til karbonylgruppene i formel I; R 1 and R 2 do not have carbonyl or ethylenic unsaturation on the carbon atom directly attached to the carbonyl groups of formula I;
R^ betyr: R^ means:
et hydrogenatom; a hydrogen atom;
en alkyl- eller alkenylrest med 1-36 karbonåtomer; en rest med formelen COR^ der R^ betyr en alkylrest med opptil 36 karbonåtomer; an alkyl or alkenyl radical of 1-36 carbon atoms; a residue of the formula COR^ where R^ means an alkyl residue of up to 36 carbon atoms;
en rest med formelen a remainder with the formula
hvor R5 betyr en alkylenrest med 1-6 karbonåtomer og R1where R5 means an alkylene radical with 1-6 carbon atoms and R1
og R^ er som angitt ovenfor. and R^ is as stated above.
Med polymerblandinger på basis av polyvinylklorid mener man blandinger inneholdende en homopolymer eller en kopolymer av vinylklorid pluss forskjellige slike tilsetningsstoffer som vanligvis benyttes for å lette blandingenes anvendelse eller for å gi de ferdige produkter spesielle egenskaper. By polymer mixtures based on polyvinyl chloride is meant mixtures containing a homopolymer or a copolymer of vinyl chloride plus various such additives which are usually used to facilitate the use of the mixtures or to give the finished products special properties.
Alle typer av homopolymerer av vinylklorid kan anvendes, uavhengig av fremgangsmåten for fremstillingen, som kan skje ved massepolymerisering, suspensjonspolymerisering, emulsjonspolymerisering eller på annen måte. All types of homopolymers of vinyl chloride can be used, regardless of the method of production, which can take place by mass polymerisation, suspension polymerisation, emulsion polymerisation or in another way.
Mange forskjellige kopolymerer av vinylklorid kan gjøres varmebestandige på samme måte som homopolymerene. Kopolymerene kan f.eks. være fremstilt ved kopolymerisering av vinylklorid med andre monomerer inneholdende en polymeriserbar eten-isk binding, slik som eten, akrylestere, styren, vinylestere, Many different copolymers of vinyl chloride can be made heat resistant in the same way as the homopolymers. The copolymers can e.g. be produced by copolymerization of vinyl chloride with other monomers containing a polymerizable ethylenic bond, such as ethylene, acrylic esters, styrene, vinyl esters,
maleinsyre eller maleinsyreanhydrid, maleinsyreestere. maleic acid or maleic anhydride, maleic acid esters.
Kopolymerene inneholder minst 50 vekt-% vinylklorid. Ifølge oppfinnelsen anvendes fortrinnsvis kopolymerer som inneholder minst 80 vekt-% vinylklorid og hvis andre monomerer er vinylacetat eller vinylidenklorid. Disse kopolymerer kan anvendes alene eller i blanding med andre polymerer, spesielt med polyvinylklorider. The copolymers contain at least 50% by weight of vinyl chloride. According to the invention, copolymers are preferably used which contain at least 80% by weight of vinyl chloride and whose other monomers are vinyl acetate or vinylidene chloride. These copolymers can be used alone or in admixture with other polymers, especially with polyvinyl chlorides.
Man kan også ifølge oppfinnelsen stabilisere blandinger på basis av overklorerte polyvinylklorider hvis klorinnhold kan gå opp til 65-70$, forbindelser som er meget følsomme for termisk nedbrytning når de underkastes høye temperaturer. According to the invention, it is also possible to stabilize mixtures based on overchlorinated polyvinyl chlorides whose chlorine content can go up to 65-70%, compounds which are very sensitive to thermal decomposition when subjected to high temperatures.
Karboksylsyresaltene av to-verdige metaller er fortrinnsvis salter av kalsium, barium, sink, bly eller kadmium med mettede eller umettede alifatiske syrer eller med aromatiske syrer. Blant disse salter kan nevnes acetater, diacetater, etylheksanoater, oktoater, stearater, oleater, laurater, palmitater, myristater, ricinoleater, benzoater og ftalater. Saltene anvendes vanligvis i form av blandinger på The carboxylic acid salts of divalent metals are preferably salts of calcium, barium, zinc, lead or cadmium with saturated or unsaturated aliphatic acids or with aromatic acids. Among these salts may be mentioned acetates, diacetates, ethyl hexanoates, octoates, stearates, oleates, laurates, palmitates, myristates, ricinoleates, benzoates and phthalates. The salts are usually used in the form of mixtures of
to og to salter, f.eks. kalsiumsalter og sinksalter. Por fremstilling av næringsmiddelforpakninger eller flasker er det spesielt egnet å anvende salter av jordalkalimetaller og fettsyrer med lange kjeder etter som den slags salter er ugif-tige og har en smørende virkning. Spesielt skal nevnes stearater, laurater og 2-etylheksanoater av kalsium og av sink. Disse salter anvendes som nevnt i en mengde på 0,1-5% regnet på polymerens vekt. two and two salts, e.g. calcium salts and zinc salts. For the production of food packaging or bottles, it is particularly suitable to use salts of alkaline earth metals and fatty acids with long chains, as such salts are non-toxic and have a lubricating effect. Particular mention should be made of stearates, laurates and 2-ethyl hexanoates of calcium and of zinc. As mentioned, these salts are used in an amount of 0.1-5% calculated on the weight of the polymer.
De dikarbonylforbindelser med formelen I som ifølge oppfinnelsen anvendes sammen med nevnte metallsalter kan være 3-diketoner. Dikarbonylforbindelsene kan også være 3- keto-aldehyder, når et av symbolene R-^ og FU i formelen I angir et hydrogenatom. The dicarbonyl compounds of the formula I which according to the invention are used together with said metal salts can be 3-diketones. The dicarbonyl compounds can also be 3-keto-aldehydes, when one of the symbols R-^ and FU in formula I denotes a hydrogen atom.
5- diketoner er kjente forbindelser som fremstilles ifølge kjente synteser. Man kan f.eks. hevise til "Organic Reactions" av R. Adams, 1951*, VIII, side 59 og følgende. Visse mere spesifikke synteser beskrives i "Ree. Trav. Chem. Pays-Bas" av M.J.' Kramers, 16 (1897) side 116; i "J. Chem. Soc." av G.T. Morgan og E. Holmes, 127 (1925) side 2891; i "J. Chem. Soc." av R. Robinson og E. Seijo (1941), side 582; samt i "Chemisene Berichte" av Claisen, 20 (1887) side.2188. 5-diketones are known compounds which are prepared according to known syntheses. One can e.g. refer to "Organic Reactions" by R. Adams, 1951*, VIII, page 59 et seq. Certain more specific syntheses are described in "Ree. Trav. Chem. Pays-Bas" by M.J.' Kramers, 16 (1897) page 116; in "J. Chem. Soc." by G.T. Morgan and E. Holmes, 127 (1925) page 2891; in "J. Chem. Soc." by R. Robinson and E. Seijo (1941), page 582; as well as in "Chemisene Berichte" by Claisen, 20 (1887) page.2188.
6- keto-aldehydene fremstilles ifølge klas- The 6-keto-aldehydes are prepared according to class
siske syntesemetoder slik man f.eks. kan finne det nevnt i det ovenfor angitte verk "Organic Reactions" av R. Adams, side 59 sic synthesis methods such as e.g. can find it mentioned in the above mentioned work "Organic Reactions" by R. Adams, page 59
og følgende. and the following.
Disse organiske forbindelser anvendes i en mengde på 0,05 til 5%, fortrinnsvis 0,1-1%, beregnet på polymerens vekt. These organic compounds are used in an amount of 0.05 to 5%, preferably 0.1-1%, calculated on the weight of the polymer.
Som eksempler på slike forbindelser skal nevnes alifatiske 3-diketoner slik som hepatan-2,4-dion, dekan-2,4-dion, etyl-nonan(2,4-dion)karboksylat, 8-metyl-7-nonen-2,4-dion, acyloksyacetoner slik som acetylaceton, 1,1-diacetyl-acton eller triacetylmetan, stearoylaceton, stearoylalkanoner. Man kan også nevne aromatiske eller arylalifatiske 3-diketoner, slik som benzoylaceton, tribenzoylmetan, diacetylacetobenzener, stearoylacetofenon og palmitoylacetofenon. Por å oppnå en langvarig stabiliserende virkning er det spesielt hensikts-messig å anvende diketoner som inneholder en lang alkylkjede slik som stearoylaceton, palmitoylaceton, laurylaceton, stearoylacetofenon, palimitoylacetofenon og laurylacetofenon. Examples of such compounds include aliphatic 3-diketones such as hepatane-2,4-dione, decane-2,4-dione, ethyl nonane (2,4-dione) carboxylate, 8-methyl-7-nonen-2 ,4-dione, acyloxyacetones such as acetylacetone, 1,1-diacetylacetone or triacetylmethane, stearoylacetone, stearoylalkanones. One can also mention aromatic or arylaliphatic 3-diketones, such as benzoylacetone, tribenzoylmethane, diacetylacetobenzenes, stearoylacetophenone and palmitoylacetophenone. In order to achieve a long-term stabilizing effect, it is particularly appropriate to use diketones containing a long alkyl chain such as stearoylacetone, palmitoylacetone, laurylacetone, stearoylacetophenone, palimitoylacetophenone and laurylacetophenone.
Blant (3-keto-aldehydene kan man nevne 2-acyloksyacetaldehyder, 2-acyloksypropionaldehyder, slik som benzoylacetaldehyd og 2-acetyl-2-metylacetalaldehyd. Among the (3-keto-aldehydes, one can mention 2-acyloxyacetaldehydes, 2-acyloxypropionaldehydes, such as benzoylacetaldehyde and 2-acetyl-2-methylacetaldehyde.
De anvendte homopolymerer eller kopolymerer kan være stive eller bøyelige. Når man anvender stive polymerer, kan man til disse sette midler som modifiserer slagfastheten, f.eks. kopolymerer av butadien og styren eller terpolymerer av butadien, styren og akrylnitril, hvilke ofte anvendes, for å for-bedre polymerenes mekaniske egenskaper. Man kan også til blandingene ifølge oppfinnelsen sette forskjellige tilsetnings-midler slik som mykningsmidler, pigmenter, fyllstoffer, anti-oksydanter, midler som gir lysbestandighet osv. The homopolymers or copolymers used can be rigid or flexible. When rigid polymers are used, agents can be added to these that modify the impact resistance, e.g. copolymers of butadiene and styrene or terpolymers of butadiene, styrene and acrylonitrile, which are often used to improve the polymers' mechanical properties. Various additives can also be added to the mixtures according to the invention, such as softeners, pigments, fillers, antioxidants, agents that provide light resistance, etc.
Det er også mulig å sette andre organiske forbindelser som er kjent for sin stabiliserende virfcning til stabiliseringsmidlene ifølge oppfinnelsen, f.eks. pentaerytritol eller trihydroksyetylisocyanurat. It is also possible to add other organic compounds which are known for their stabilizing effect to the stabilizing agents according to the invention, e.g. pentaerythritol or trihydroxyethyl isocyanurate.
Stabiliseringsmidlene ifølge oppfinnelsen kan tilsettes samtidig med de andre tilsetningsstoffer. De kan også blandes innbyrdes, enten alene eller sammen med visse tilsetningsstoffer. Herved oppnås en stabiliserende blanding som senere blandes med polyvinylklorid. Alle vanlige kjente metoder kan anvendes for å blande de forskjellige bestanddeler. Blandingen ifølge oppfinnelsen homogeniseres imidlertid hensikts-messig i et blandingsvalseverk. The stabilizers according to the invention can be added at the same time as the other additives. They can also be mixed together, either alone or together with certain additives. This results in a stabilizing mixture which is later mixed with polyvinyl chloride. All commonly known methods can be used to mix the various components. The mixture according to the invention is, however, suitably homogenized in a mixing rolling mill.
Polymerblandingene ifølge oppfinnelsen kan bearbeides og formes ifølge de fremgangsmåter som vanligvis anvendes for blandinger på basis .av polymerer eller kopolymerer av vinylklorid, f.eks. formsprøyting, strengesprøytning, strenge-sprøyting-blåsing, kalandrering, rotasjonsforming osv. The polymer mixtures according to the invention can be processed and shaped according to the methods that are usually used for mixtures based on polymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride, e.g. injection molding, string injection, string-injection-blowing, calendering, rotational molding, etc.
Kombinasjonen av et organisk stabiliseringsmiddel og et par av metalliske stabiliseringsmidler gjør det mulig å forsinke polymerblandingens gulning og å fremstille sluttproduk-ter som er gjennomskinnelige og homogene og som ikke oppviser utsvetting. The combination of an organic stabilizer and a pair of metallic stabilizers makes it possible to delay the yellowing of the polymer mixture and to produce final products which are translucent and homogeneous and which do not show sweating.
Oppfinnelsen skal illustreres ved følgende eksempler . The invention shall be illustrated by the following examples.
Eksempel 1- 5 Example 1-5
En blanding A som spesielt kan anvendes for fremstilling av flasker ved strengesprøyting og blåsing fremstilles ved at man i en sylindrisk kulekvern blander følgende stoffer: 1000 g av et PVC-pulver (kommersielt tilgjengelig under betegnelsen "Lucovyl RS 8000"), med en viskositetsindeks på 80 ifølge NF T 51 013, fremstilt ved suspensjonspolymerisering; 100 g av et middel for øking av slagfastheten, be-stående av en kopolymer av butadien, styren og metylmetakrylat; 10 g av et smøremiddel i form av en voks på basis av en kolofoniumester og kommersielt tilgjengelig' under betegnelsen "Cire E"; 10 g kalsiumstearat; 7 g sinkstearat; 30 g epoksydert soyaolje; A mixture A that can be used in particular for the production of bottles by string spraying and blowing is produced by mixing the following substances in a cylindrical ball mill: 1000 g of a PVC powder (commercially available under the name "Lucovyl RS 8000"), with a viscosity index of 80 according to NF T 51 013, produced by suspension polymerization; 100 g of an agent for increasing the impact strength, consisting of a copolymer of butadiene, styrene and methyl methacrylate; 10 g of a lubricant in the form of a wax based on a rosin master and commercially available under the designation "Cire E"; 10 g of calcium stearate; 7 g of zinc stearate; 30 g epoxidized soybean oil;
3 g av et trinonylfenylfosfitt. 3 g of a trinonylphenyl phosphite.
Den oppnådde blanding homogeniseres i et blandevalseverk i 15 timer. The resulting mixture is homogenized in a mixing roller mill for 15 hours.
I 5 mortere med volum 250 cm^ og inneholdende noen porselenskuler settes 56 g av denne blanding A og (B) 0,12 g hepatan-2,4-dion med et kokepunkt på 180°C ved et trykk på 760 mm Hg, (C) 0,16 g dekan-2,4-dion, (D) 0,2 g etyl-nonan(2,4-dion)-karboksylat med et kokepunkt på 130°C ved et trykk på 0,5 mm Hg, (E) 0,21 g l-benzoyl-2-oktanon og (F) 0,15 g 2-metyl-2-dekanon - 6,8-dion med et kokepunkt på 234°C ved et trykk på 760 mm Hg. In 5 mortars with a volume of 250 cm^ and containing some porcelain balls, put 56 g of this mixture A and (B) 0.12 g of hepatane-2,4-dione with a boiling point of 180°C at a pressure of 760 mm Hg, ( C) 0.16 g of decane-2,4-dione, (D) 0.2 g of ethyl nonane(2,4-dione) carboxylate with a boiling point of 130°C at a pressure of 0.5 mm Hg, (E) 0.21 g of 1-benzoyl-2-octanone and (F) 0.15 g of 2-methyl-2-decanone-6,8-dione with a boiling point of 234°C at a pressure of 760 mm Hg.
De oppnådde blandinger homogeniseres i blandevalseverk i 15 timer slik at man oppnår homogene blandinger B, C, D, E og F. The mixtures obtained are homogenized in a mixing roller mill for 15 hours so that homogeneous mixtures B, C, D, E and F are obtained.
Av disse blandinger fremstiller man plater Plates are made from these mixtures
med en tykkelse på 2,5 mm ved hjelp av en kalander som er oppvarmet til 175°C. with a thickness of 2.5 mm using a calender heated to 175°C.
Fra de oppnådde plater skjæres det ut rektangul-ære prøvestykker med dimensjonene 10 x 20 mm hvoretter man plasserer prøvestykkene i en ventilert ovn (l80°C) i tidsrom med forskjellig lengde. Rectangular test pieces with the dimensions 10 x 20 mm are cut from the plates obtained, after which the test pieces are placed in a ventilated oven (180°C) for periods of different lengths.
Man bestemmer deretter prøvestykkenes farge ifølge Gardners skala ved hjelp av et "Lovibond"-sammenligningskart. De oppnådde resultater er angitt i følgende tabell: The color of the samples is then determined according to Gardner's scale using a "Lovibond" comparison chart. The results obtained are indicated in the following table:
Av forsøksresultatene fremgår det at prøvestykkene inneholdende organisk stabiliseringsmiddel farges meget mindre under fremstillingen og har en meget større varmebestandighet enn prøvestykket A som ikke inneholder noen ketonforbindelse. From the test results, it appears that the test pieces containing organic stabilizer are colored much less during production and have a much greater heat resistance than the test piece A which does not contain any ketone compound.
Eksempel 6- 10 - Example 6- 10 -
Man fremstiller blandinger H, I, K, i L og M ved å arbeide på samme måte som i eks. 1 og å blande 56 g av blandingen A, fremstilt på samme måte som i eks. 1, men med et annet vinylharpiks, med (H) 0,18 g 2,2 * -metylen-bis*-(cykloheksan-1,3-dion) med et smeltepunkt på 134°C, (I) 0,15 g benzoylaceton med et smeltepunkt på 56°C, (K) 0,15 g triacetylmetan med et kokepunkt på 95°G ved et trykk på 0,1 mm Hg, (L) 0,2 g 1,4-diacetylacetobenzen med et smeltepunkt på l84°C og (M) 0,2 g 1,4-difenylbutan-1,3-dion. De oppnådde blandinger homogeniseres i blandevalseverk i 15 timer. Mixtures H, I, K, I L and M are prepared by working in the same way as in ex. 1 and to mix 56 g of mixture A, prepared in the same way as in ex. 1, but with a different vinyl resin, with (H) 0.18 g of 2,2*-methylene-bis*-(cyclohexane-1,3-dione) with a melting point of 134°C, (I) 0.15 g benzoylacetone with a melting point of 56°C, (K) 0.15 g of triacetylmethane with a boiling point of 95°G at a pressure of 0.1 mm Hg, (L) 0.2 g of 1,4-diacetylacetobenzene with a melting point of 184°C and (M) 0.2 g of 1,4-diphenylbutane-1,3-dione. The obtained mixtures are homogenized in a mixing roller mill for 15 hours.
Av de oppnådde blandinger fremstiller man plater med en tykkelse på 2,5 mm ved hjelp av en kalander Sheets with a thickness of 2.5 mm are produced from the mixtures obtained using a calender
som er oppvarmet til 180°C. which is heated to 180°C.
Fra de fremstilte plater skjærer man ut rektan-gulære prøvestykker med dimensjonene 10 x 20 mm hvoretter man plasserer prøvestykkene i en ventilert ovn (180°C) i tidsrom av ulik lengde. Rectangular test pieces with the dimensions 10 x 20 mm are cut out of the prepared plates, after which the test pieces are placed in a ventilated oven (180°C) for periods of varying length.
Prøvestykkenes farge måles deretter på samme måte som i eks. 1. De oppnådde resultater er sammenstilt i følgende tabell: The color of the test pieces is then measured in the same way as in ex. 1. The results obtained are compiled in the following table:
Eksempel 11 Example 11
Man fremstiller en mykgjort polynterblanding Z ved A softened polyester mixture Z is produced by
i en kulekvern å blande følgende stoffer: in a ball mill to mix the following substances:
1000 g av et PVC-pulver (kommersielt tilgjengelig under betegnelsen "Lucovyl GS 1200") med en viskositetsindeks på 120 ifølge NF T 51 013 og en K-verdi på 69, fremstilt ved suspensjonspolymerisering; 500 g dioktylftalat; 5 g av et trinonylfenylfosfitt; 1000 g of a PVC powder (commercially available under the designation "Lucovyl GS 1200") with a viscosity index of 120 according to NF T 51 013 and a K value of 69, produced by suspension polymerization; 500 g dioctyl phthalate; 5 g of a trinonylphenyl phosphite;
5,6 g sinkstearat; 5.6 g zinc stearate;
9 g bariumstearat. 9 g barium stearate.
Den oppnådde blanding homogeniseres i et blandevalseverk i 15 timer. The resulting mixture is homogenized in a mixing roller mill for 15 hours.
Til en morter med et volum på 250 cm^ og inneholdende noen porselenskuler setter man 56 g av den fremstilte blanding Z og 0,15 g benzoylaceton, Den oppnådde blanding homogeniseres i et blandevalseverk i 15 timer hvorved man oppnår en homogen blanding P. Av blandingene P og Z fremstiller man prøvestykker på samme måte som i eks. 1, men ved en kalandreringstemperatur på 140°C. 56 g of the prepared mixture Z and 0.15 g of benzoylacetone are added to a mortar with a volume of 250 cm^ and containing some porcelain balls. The resulting mixture is homogenized in a mixing roller mill for 15 hours, whereby a homogeneous mixture P is obtained. Of the mixtures P and Z test pieces are prepared in the same way as in ex. 1, but at a calendering temperature of 140°C.
Prøvestykkene plasseres i en ventilert ovn (l80°C) i tidsrom av ulik lenqde, hvoretter man måler prøvestykkenes farge på samme måte som i eks. 1. The test pieces are placed in a ventilated oven (180°C) for different lengths of time, after which the color of the test pieces is measured in the same way as in ex. 1.
De oppnådde resultater er anført i følgende tabell. The results obtained are listed in the following table.
Av forsøksresultatene fremgår det at prøvestykkene som er fremstilt ved å : gå ut fra mykgjorte PVC-blandinger er meget mindre følsomme for gulning enn prøvestykker som er fremstilt av ikke, mykgjorte blandinger. Ved innblanding av et organisk stabiliseringsmiddel kan man dessuten ytterlig-ere redusere gulningen kraftig under en varmebehandling som til-svarer anvendelsen av blandingene. From the test results, it appears that the test pieces produced by: starting from softened PVC mixtures are much less sensitive to yellowing than test pieces produced from non-plasticized mixtures. By mixing in an organic stabilizer, the yellowing can also be greatly reduced during a heat treatment that corresponds to the use of the mixtures.
Eksempel 12 og 13 Examples 12 and 13
Man fremstiller en blanding A på samme måte som i eks. 1. På samme måte som i eks. 1 blandes 56 g av blandingen A med (Q) 0,15 g benzoylaceton henholdsvis med (S) 0,15 g benzoylaceton pluss 0,15 g pentaerutritol. A mixture A is prepared in the same way as in ex. 1. In the same way as in ex. 1, 56 g of the mixture A is mixed with (Q) 0.15 g of benzoylacetone or with (S) 0.15 g of benzoylacetone plus 0.15 g of pentaerutritol.
Man fremstiller også en sammenlicjnincjsblanding A joint compound is also produced
R ved blanding av 56 g av blandingen A med kun 0,60 cj pentaerytritol. R by mixing 56 g of mixture A with only 0.60 cj of pentaerythritol.
Prøvestykkene av de fremstilte blandinger varmbehandles på samme måte som i eks. 1, hvoretter prøvestykk-enes farge måles. The test pieces of the prepared mixtures are heat treated in the same way as in ex. 1, after which the sample's color is measured.
De oppnådde resultater er sammenstilt i nedenfor følgende tabell. The results obtained are compiled in the table below.
Av forsøksresultatene fremgår det at ikke en gang en betydelig mengde pentaerytritol er tilstrekkelig for å gi en like god varmebestandighet som den som oppnås med en di-ketonforbindelse. From the experimental results, it appears that not even a significant amount of pentaerythritol is sufficient to give as good a heat resistance as that obtained with a diketone compound.
Eksempel 14- 17 Example 14-17
På samme måte som i eks. 1 blandes følgende stoffer: 800 g polyvinylklorid; 200 g av en kopolymer av vinylklorid og vinylacetat inneholdende 15% acetat; 100 g av en kopolymer av butadien, styren og metyl-akrylat; 30 g epoksydert soyaolje; 5 g voks ("Cire E1); 5 g kalsiumstearat; In the same way as in ex. 1, the following substances are mixed: 800 g polyvinyl chloride; 200 g of a copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate containing 15% acetate; 100 g of a copolymer of butadiene, styrene and methyl acrylate; 30 g epoxidized soybean oil; 5 g of wax ("Cire E1); 5 g of calcium stearate;
2,5 g sinkstearat. 2.5 g zinc stearate.
57 g av den oppnådde blanding tilsettes til en morter hvoretter man tilsetter en viss mengde av et stabiliseringsmiddel (se nedenfor følgende tabell) og man fremstiller prøve-stykker på samme måte som i eks. 1. 57 g of the obtained mixture is added to a mortar after which a certain amount of a stabilizer is added (see the following table below) and test pieces are prepared in the same way as in ex. 1.
Prøvestykkenes varmebestandighet bestemmes ved at prøvestykkene holdes i en ovn ved 170°C i tidsrom av ulik lengde. The heat resistance of the test pieces is determined by keeping the test pieces in an oven at 170°C for different lengths of time.
De oppnådde resultater er sammenført i følgende tabell. The results obtained are summarized in the following table.
Eksempel 18- 19 Example 18-19
Disse eksempler illustrerer yarmebestandigheten for en overklorert polyvinylklorid som inneholder 65% klor. Man fremstiller en blanding av 1000 g av denne polymer, 10 g voks ("Cire E"), 15 g kalsiumstearat og 1,5 sinkstearat. Til 57 g av den oppnådde blanding setter man en viss mengde av et stabiliseringsmiddel (se nedenfor følgende tabell), hvoretter man fremstiller plater med en tykkelse på 2 mm ved hjelp av en kalander som er oppvarmet til 190°C. These examples illustrate the stain resistance of an overchlorinated polyvinyl chloride containing 65% chlorine. A mixture of 1000 g of this polymer, 10 g of wax ("Cire E"), 15 g of calcium stearate and 1.5 g of zinc stearate is prepared. A certain amount of a stabilizer is added to 57 g of the mixture obtained (see the following table below), after which plates with a thickness of 2 mm are produced using a calender heated to 190°C.
Man undersøker varmebestandigheten i en ovn ved 180°C og oppnår følgende resultater. Heat resistance is examined in an oven at 180°C and the following results are obtained.
Eksempel 20- 24 Example 20-24
Man arbeider på samme måte som i eks. 1 og blander 56 q av blandingen A med 0,2 g steraoylacetofenon, 0,2 g You work in the same way as in ex. 1 and mixing 56 q of mixture A with 0.2 g of stearoylacetophenone, 0.2 g
palmitoylacetofenon, 0,3 g l-stearoyl-2-oktanon henholdsvis o,3 g p-metoksystearoylacetofenon. Ved bestemmelse av de fremstilte blandingers varmebestandighet, oppnås følgende resultater. palmitoylacetophenone, 0.3 g l-stearoyl-2-octanone and 0.3 g p-methoxystearoylacetophenone respectively. When determining the heat resistance of the prepared mixtures, the following results are obtained.
Eksempel 25 Example 25
På samme måte som i eks. 1 fremstiller man en blanding av 1000 g polyvinylklorid, 100 g av en kopolymer av butadien, styren og metylmetakryalt, 10 g voks ("Cire E"), 2,5 g sinkstearat, 5 g kalsiumstearat, 30 g epoksydert soyaolje og 3 g trinonylfenylfosfitt. In the same way as in ex. 1 a mixture of 1000 g of polyvinyl chloride, 100 g of a copolymer of butadiene, styrene and methyl methacrylate, 10 g of wax ("Cire E"), 2.5 g of zinc stearate, 5 g of calcium stearate, 30 g of epoxidized soybean oil and 3 g of trinonylphenyl phosphite is prepared .
Til 56 g av den oppnådde blanding setter man stearoylaceton i en mengde på 0,08 g (prøve 1), 0,15 g (prøve 2) og 0,25 g (prøve 3). Varmebestandigheten bestemmes på samme måte som i foregående eksempel hvorved man oppnår følgende resultater. To 56 g of the mixture obtained, stearoyllacetone is added in an amount of 0.08 g (sample 1), 0.15 g (sample 2) and 0.25 g (sample 3). The heat resistance is determined in the same way as in the previous example, whereby the following results are obtained.
Eksempel 26 Example 26
Man fremstiller en blanding ved blanding A mixture is produced by mixing
av 100 g polyvinylklorid, 10 g ABS-kopolymer, 1 g voks ("Cire E"), 3 g epoksydert soyaolje, 0,7 g sinkstearat, 1,1 g kalsiumstearat og 0,64 g dekan-2,4-dion. of 100 g polyvinyl chloride, 10 g ABS copolymer, 1 g wax ("Cire E"), 3 g epoxidized soybean oil, 0.7 g zinc stearate, 1.1 g calcium stearate and 0.64 g decane-2,4-dione.
Man fremstiller dessuten en blanding (b) som skiller seg fra blanding _(a) ved at de to sistnevnte kompo-nenter (kalsiumsalt og dion) er erstattet med 0,71 g chelat av kalsium og dekan-2,4-dion. Av disse blandinger fremstilles det prøvestykker på samme måte som i de foregående eksempler, A mixture (b) is also prepared which differs from mixture (a) in that the latter two components (calcium salt and dione) are replaced by 0.71 g of chelate of calcium and decane-2,4-dione. Test pieces are prepared from these mixtures in the same way as in the previous examples,
og prøvestykkenes varmbebestandighet undersøkes. De oppnådde resultater er sammenstilt i nedenfor følgende tabell. and the heat resistance of the test pieces is examined. The results obtained are compiled in the table below.
I blandingene (a) og (b) er de molare mengder av 8-diketon og kalsium omtrent like store, men varmebestandigheten er meget dårligere når disse stoffer anvendes i form av et chelat. In the mixtures (a) and (b), the molar amounts of 8-diketone and calcium are roughly the same, but the heat resistance is much worse when these substances are used in the form of a chelate.
Resultater av samme størrelsesorden oppnås hvis man erstatter sinkstearat og dekan-2,4-dion med det tilsvarende sinkchealt. Results of the same order of magnitude are obtained if one replaces zinc stearate and decane-2,4-dione with the corresponding zinc chelate.
Eksempel 27- 28 Example 27-28
På samme måte som i eks. 1 blander man 56 g av blandingen A med 0,15 g benzoylacetaldehyd henholdsvis med 0,15 g 2-metyl-2-acetyla.cetaldehyd. Av de oppnådde blandinger fremstilles det prøvestykker hvis varmebestandighet bestemmes i en ventilert ovn. De oppnådde resulateter er sammenstilt i nedenfor følgende tabell. In the same way as in ex. 1, 56 g of mixture A is mixed with 0.15 g of benzoyl acetaldehyde or with 0.15 g of 2-methyl-2-acetylacetaldehyde. From the mixtures obtained, test pieces are prepared whose heat resistance is determined in a ventilated oven. The results obtained are compiled in the table below.
Av forsøksresulatene fremgår det at prøvestykkene inneholdende organisk stabiliseringsmiddel farges mye mindre under fremstilling og har en meget høyere varmebestandighet. From the test results, it appears that the test pieces containing organic stabilizer dye much less during manufacture and have a much higher heat resistance.
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR7500765A FR2297227A1 (en) | 1975-01-10 | 1975-01-10 | Thermal stabiliser mixt. for (co) polyvinyl chloride - contg. divalent metal carboxylated and beta-di-ketone or beta-keto-aldehyde (BE090776) |
| FR7529466A FR2324681A2 (en) | 1975-09-22 | 1975-09-22 | Thermal stabiliser mixt. for (co) polyvinyl chloride - contg. divalent metal carboxylated and beta-di-ketone or beta-keto-aldehyde (BE090776) |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO760069L NO760069L (en) | 1976-07-13 |
| NO152094B true NO152094B (en) | 1985-04-22 |
| NO152094C NO152094C (en) | 1985-07-31 |
Family
ID=26218683
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO760069A NO152094C (en) | 1975-01-10 | 1976-01-09 | HEAT STABILIZED VINYL CHLORIDE PLASTIC |
Country Status (22)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5515498B2 (en) |
| AR (1) | AR218429A1 (en) |
| AT (1) | AT348768B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU496754B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE837438A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7600085A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1077189A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH597303A5 (en) |
| CS (1) | CS196295B2 (en) |
| DD (1) | DD122551A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2600516C3 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK146927C (en) |
| ES (1) | ES444162A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI64617C (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1511621A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1060204B (en) |
| LU (1) | LU74155A1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL164311C (en) |
| NO (1) | NO152094C (en) |
| PT (1) | PT64682B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE409037B (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA7690B (en) |
Families Citing this family (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2351149A2 (en) * | 1976-05-10 | 1977-12-09 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | STABILIZED COMPOSITIONS BASED ON POLYVINYL CHLORIDE |
| JPS51111252A (en) * | 1975-03-26 | 1976-10-01 | Akishima Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Stabilized halogen-containing resin composition |
| FR2356674A1 (en) * | 1976-06-28 | 1978-01-27 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | STABILIZED COMPOSITIONS BASED ON VINYL CHLORIDE POLYMER |
| FR2378820A2 (en) * | 1977-01-28 | 1978-08-25 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | Colourless, transparent, heat stabilised PVC - contg. metal salts, diketone (deriv.) and polyol |
| JPS5416555A (en) * | 1977-07-07 | 1979-02-07 | Adeka Argus Chem Co Ltd | Stabilized halogen-containing resin composition |
| US4221687A (en) | 1977-07-07 | 1980-09-09 | Argus Chemical Corp. | Anti-yellowing composition |
| JPS54154441A (en) * | 1978-05-26 | 1979-12-05 | Adeka Argus Chem Co Ltd | Halogen-containing resin composition |
| JPS5571744A (en) * | 1978-11-24 | 1980-05-30 | Sakai Chem Ind Co Ltd | Chlorine-containing resin composition |
| DE3063642D1 (en) * | 1979-02-09 | 1983-07-14 | Shell Int Research | Process for the preparation of colour stabilised vinyl chloride polymers |
| JPS55161839A (en) * | 1979-06-05 | 1980-12-16 | Katsuta Kako Kk | Halogen-containing resin composition |
| JPS5699254A (en) * | 1980-01-14 | 1981-08-10 | Adeka Argus Chem Co Ltd | Stabilized halogen-containing resin composition |
| JPS5736142A (en) * | 1980-08-14 | 1982-02-26 | Adeka Argus Chem Co Ltd | Composition of resin containing halogen |
| JPS5773049A (en) * | 1980-10-24 | 1982-05-07 | Adeka Argus Chem Co Ltd | Stabilized thermoplastic resin composition having flame retardance |
| DE3113442A1 (en) * | 1981-04-03 | 1982-10-21 | Henkel KGaA, 4000 Düsseldorf | "STABILIZED POLYVINYL CHLORIDE MOLDS" |
| DK277585A (en) * | 1984-07-06 | 1986-01-07 | Lonza Ag | STABILIZER MIXTURES FOR VINYL CHLORIDE POLYME MASSES |
| JPH01102926U (en) * | 1987-12-25 | 1989-07-12 | ||
| DE59010370D1 (en) | 1989-10-06 | 1996-07-18 | Ciba Geigy Ag | Stabilized chlorine-containing polymer compositions |
| EP0433230B1 (en) | 1989-12-11 | 1997-05-14 | Ciba SC Holding AG | Beta-ketoesters as stabilizers for chlorine containing polymerisates |
| DE4018293A1 (en) * | 1990-06-07 | 1991-12-12 | Neynaber Chemie Gmbh | STABILIZERS CONTAINING KETOFENE ACID GLYCERIDES FOR CA / ZN-STABILIZED PVC MOLDING |
| GB9325849D0 (en) † | 1993-12-17 | 1994-02-23 | Akcros Chem | Stabilised vinyl chloride polymer composition |
| DE4426571A1 (en) * | 1994-07-27 | 1996-02-01 | Henkel Kgaa | Use of a stabilizer combination in the production of films of polyvinyl chloride by the calendering process |
| JP2005194467A (en) * | 2004-01-09 | 2005-07-21 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Injection molding resin composition and packaging material |
| DE102010008854A1 (en) | 2010-02-22 | 2011-08-25 | IKA Innovative Kunststoffaufbereitung GmbH & Co. KG, 06766 | Stabilizer system for foamable halogen-containing polymers |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2307075A (en) * | 1940-08-02 | 1943-01-05 | Carbide And Carbon Chemicais C | Vinyl resin composition |
| US2669548A (en) * | 1951-01-02 | 1954-02-16 | Monsanto Chemicals | Stabilized halogen-containing resins |
| DE1073201B (en) * | 1955-04-27 | 1960-01-01 | Badische Anilin- &. Soda Fabrik Aktiengesellschaft, Ludwigshafen/Rhem | Plastic masses made of polymers of vinyl chloride or vinyl chloride, stabilized against the action of light |
| GB1054585A (en) * | 1963-07-02 | |||
| NL131106C (en) * | 1964-01-22 | |||
| CH464521A (en) * | 1965-05-21 | 1968-10-31 | Carlisle Chemical Works | Process for removing the photosensitivity of plastic masses containing antimony or bismuth compounds |
| US3492267A (en) * | 1966-12-02 | 1970-01-27 | Grace W R & Co | Stabilizing poly(vinyl chloride) |
| FR2297227A1 (en) * | 1975-01-10 | 1976-08-06 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | Thermal stabiliser mixt. for (co) polyvinyl chloride - contg. divalent metal carboxylated and beta-di-ketone or beta-keto-aldehyde (BE090776) |
| FR2324681A2 (en) * | 1975-09-22 | 1977-04-15 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | Thermal stabiliser mixt. for (co) polyvinyl chloride - contg. divalent metal carboxylated and beta-di-ketone or beta-keto-aldehyde (BE090776) |
-
1976
- 1976-01-07 ZA ZA00760090A patent/ZA7690B/en unknown
- 1976-01-07 GB GB531/76A patent/GB1511621A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-01-07 CS CS76100A patent/CS196295B2/en unknown
- 1976-01-08 PT PT64682A patent/PT64682B/en unknown
- 1976-01-08 FI FI760040A patent/FI64617C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-01-08 BR BR7600085A patent/BR7600085A/en unknown
- 1976-01-08 DE DE2600516A patent/DE2600516C3/en not_active Expired
- 1976-01-09 NO NO760069A patent/NO152094C/en unknown
- 1976-01-09 JP JP199276A patent/JPS5515498B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1976-01-09 AU AU10178/76A patent/AU496754B2/en not_active Expired
- 1976-01-09 CH CH23276A patent/CH597303A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-01-09 NL NL7600213.A patent/NL164311C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-01-09 AT AT12076A patent/AT348768B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-01-09 SE SE7600175A patent/SE409037B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-01-09 LU LU74155A patent/LU74155A1/xx unknown
- 1976-01-09 ES ES444162A patent/ES444162A1/en not_active Expired
- 1976-01-09 DK DK8276A patent/DK146927C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-01-09 IT IT19130/76A patent/IT1060204B/en active
- 1976-01-09 DD DD190753A patent/DD122551A5/en unknown
- 1976-01-09 CA CA243,383A patent/CA1077189A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-01-09 BE BE163409A patent/BE837438A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-01-09 AR AR261893A patent/AR218429A1/en active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DK146927C (en) | 1984-07-23 |
| NL164311C (en) | 1980-12-15 |
| NL7600213A (en) | 1976-07-13 |
| DK146927B (en) | 1984-02-13 |
| JPS5195447A (en) | 1976-08-21 |
| ES444162A1 (en) | 1977-10-01 |
| DE2600516B2 (en) | 1978-04-13 |
| BE837438A (en) | 1976-07-09 |
| AT348768B (en) | 1979-03-12 |
| NO152094C (en) | 1985-07-31 |
| IT1060204B (en) | 1982-07-10 |
| AU496754B2 (en) | 1978-10-26 |
| GB1511621A (en) | 1978-05-24 |
| AR218429A1 (en) | 1980-06-13 |
| DE2600516A1 (en) | 1976-07-15 |
| PT64682A (en) | 1976-02-01 |
| CH597303A5 (en) | 1978-03-31 |
| NO760069L (en) | 1976-07-13 |
| FI64617B (en) | 1983-08-31 |
| ATA12076A (en) | 1978-07-15 |
| NL164311B (en) | 1980-07-15 |
| DE2600516C3 (en) | 1985-06-27 |
| LU74155A1 (en) | 1977-03-18 |
| SE409037B (en) | 1979-07-23 |
| ZA7690B (en) | 1976-12-29 |
| DD122551A5 (en) | 1976-10-12 |
| FI760040A (en) | 1976-07-11 |
| JPS5515498B2 (en) | 1980-04-24 |
| AU1017876A (en) | 1977-07-14 |
| FI64617C (en) | 1983-12-12 |
| CS196295B2 (en) | 1980-03-31 |
| DK8276A (en) | 1976-07-11 |
| PT64682B (en) | 1977-08-09 |
| SE7600175L (en) | 1976-07-11 |
| BR7600085A (en) | 1976-08-03 |
| CA1077189A (en) | 1980-05-06 |
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