NO140106B - FIRE-RESISTANT POLYMER MIXTURE - Google Patents

FIRE-RESISTANT POLYMER MIXTURE Download PDF

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NO140106B
NO140106B NO255/73A NO25573A NO140106B NO 140106 B NO140106 B NO 140106B NO 255/73 A NO255/73 A NO 255/73A NO 25573 A NO25573 A NO 25573A NO 140106 B NO140106 B NO 140106B
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fire
mixture
tetrahydro
polymer
compounds
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NO140106C (en
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Jerome A Gourse
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Velsicol Chemical Corp
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/02Halogenated hydrocarbons

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Fireproofing Substances (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)

Description

Oppfinnelsen angår nye brann-motstandsdyktige polymer— blandinger som inneholder som aktiv ingrediens en halogenert forbindelse. The invention relates to new fire-resistant polymer mixtures which contain as active ingredient a halogenated compound.

Det er kjent at brann-motstandsdyktigheten hos forskjellige polymere materialer kan økes ved tilsetning av forskjellige halogenerte organiske forbindelser som er avledet av polyhalogenert cyklopentadien. Det har nå blitt funnet at når visse av disse forbindelser inneholder både klor- og brom-substituenter, gir de uvanlig brann-motstandsdyktighet til brennbare polymerer når de tilsettes til dem. It is known that the fire resistance of various polymeric materials can be increased by the addition of various halogenated organic compounds which are derived from polyhalogenated cyclopentadiene. It has now been found that when certain of these compounds contain both chlorine and bromine substituents, they impart unusual fire resistance to flammable polymers when added to them.

Forbindelsene som har disse ønskelige brann-hemménde egenskaper, representeres ved den følgende strukturelle formel: The compounds having these desirable fire-retardant properties are represented by the following structural formula:

hvor X er hydrogen, klor eller brom. Ifølge oppfinnelsen til-veiebringes en brannmotstandsdyktig polymerblanding som karakteriseres ved at den omfatter en brennbar polymer og 5 til 50 where X is hydrogen, chlorine or bromine. According to the invention, a fire-resistant polymer mixture is provided which is characterized in that it comprises a combustible polymer and 5 to 50

vekt%, basert på blandingens totalvekt, av en halogenert for- % by weight, based on the total weight of the mixture, of a halogenated

bindelse med en struktur som er definert ved formel I. bond with a structure defined by formula I.

De halogenerte forbindelser som faller innen området for oppfinnelsen er 1,2-dibrom-4,5,6,7,8,8-heksaklor-3a,4,7,7a-tetra-hydro-4,7-metanoindan, 1,2-dibrom-3,4,5,6,7,8,8-heptaklor-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-metanoindan og 1,2,3-tribrom-4,5,6,7,8,8-heksaklor-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-metanoindan. The halogenated compounds that fall within the scope of the invention are 1,2-dibromo-4,5,6,7,8,8-hexachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanoindane, 1, 2-dibromo-3,4,5,6,7,8,8-heptachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanoindan and 1,2,3-tribromo-4,5,6, 7,8,8-Hexachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanoindane.

De halogenerte forbindelser med formel I er, i tillegg til å vise uvanlige brannhemmende egenskaper, mindre toksiske og mer bionedbrytbare enn de nær beslektede forbindelser. The halogenated compounds of formula I are, in addition to showing unusual fire-retardant properties, less toxic and more biodegradable than the closely related compounds.

Fremstillingen av disse forbindelser er beskrevet i de følgende eksempler. The preparation of these compounds is described in the following examples.

Eksempel 1 Example 1

Fremstilling av 1, 2- dibrom- 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8- heksaklor- 3a, 4, 7, 7a-tetrahydro- 4, 7- metanoindan Preparation of 1, 2- dibromo- 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8- hexachloro- 3a, 4, 7, 7a-tetrahydro- 4, 7- methanoindane

4,5,6,7,8,8-heksaklor-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-metano-indan (170 g, 0,5 mol), ferriklorid (1 g) og karbontetraklorid (500 ml) ble tilsatt til en glassreaksjonskolbe utstyrt med en mekanisk omrører, termometer, tilbakeløpskjøler og tilsetningstrakt. Blandingen ble oppvarmet med tilbakeløp og en oppløsning av brom (80 g, 0,5 mol) i karbontetraklorid (100 ml) ble tilsatt dråpevis i løpet av ca. 1 time. Efter at tilsetningen var ferdig, ble omrøringen fortsatt i 1 time. Efter denne tiden ble reaksjonsblandingen behandlet med pulverformet, aktivert karbon. Karbonet ble så fjernet ved filtrering og filtratet ble befridd for løsningsmiddel i en rotasjonsfordamper. Resten ble rekrystallisert fra isopropylalkohol og ga det ønskede produkt 1,2-dibrom-4,5,6,7,8,8-heksaklor-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-metanoindan med et smeltepunkt på fra 123 til 130°C. 4,5,6,7,8,8-hexachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methano-indane (170 g, 0.5 mol), ferric chloride (1 g) and carbon tetrachloride (500 ml) was added to a glass reaction flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, thermometer, reflux condenser and addition funnel. The mixture was heated at reflux and a solution of bromine (80 g, 0.5 mol) in carbon tetrachloride (100 mL) was added dropwise over ca. 1 hour. After the addition was finished, stirring was continued for 1 hour. After this time, the reaction mixture was treated with powdered activated carbon. The carbon was then removed by filtration and the filtrate was freed of solvent in a rotary evaporator. The residue was recrystallized from isopropyl alcohol to give the desired product 1,2-dibromo-4,5,6,7,8,8-hexachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanoindane with a melting point of from 123 to 130°C.

Eksempel 2 Example 2

Fremstilling av 1, 2- dibrom- 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8- heptaklor- 3a, 4, 7, 7a-tetrahydro- 4, 7- metanoindan Preparation of 1, 2- dibromo- 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8- heptachloro- 3a, 4, 7, 7a-tetrahydro- 4, 7- methanoindane

3,4,5,6,7,8,8-heptaklor-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-metanoindan (187 g, 0,5 mol), ferriklorid (1 g) og karbontetraklorid (500 ml) ble tilsatt til en glassreaksjonskolbe utstyrt med en mekanisk omrører, termometer, tilbakeløpskjøler og tilsetningstrakt. Blandingen ble oppvarmet med tilbakeløp,og en opp-løsning av brom (80 g, 0,5 mol) i karbontetraklorid (100 ml) ble tilsatt til den i løpet av ca. 2 timer. Efter denne tilsetning ble oppvarmningen fortsatt i ytterligere 1 time. Efter denne tid ble reaksjonsblandingen behandlet med aktivert, pulverformet karbon. 3,4,5,6,7,8,8-heptachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanoindane (187 g, 0.5 mol), ferric chloride (1 g) and carbon tetrachloride (500 ml) was added to a glass reaction flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, thermometer, reflux condenser and addition funnel. The mixture was heated at reflux and a solution of bromine (80 g, 0.5 mol) in carbon tetrachloride (100 ml) was added to it over ca. 2 hours. After this addition, the heating was continued for a further 1 hour. After this time, the reaction mixture was treated with activated, powdered carbon.

Karbonet ble så fjernet ved filtrering, og filtratet fordampet The carbon was then removed by filtration, and the filtrate evaporated

på en roterende fordamper. Resten ble omkrystallisert fra isopropylalkohol og ga det ønskede produkt 1,2-dibrom-3,4,5,6,7,8,8-heptaklor-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-metanoindan som smelter ved 127-138°C. on a rotary evaporator. The residue was recrystallized from isopropyl alcohol to give the desired product 1,2-dibromo-3,4,5,6,7,8,8-heptachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanoindane melting at 127-138°C.

Eksempel 3 Example 3

Fremstilling av 1, 2, 3- tribrom- 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8- heksaklor- 3a, 4, 7, 7a-tetrahydro- 4, 7- metanoindan Preparation of 1,2,3-tribromo-4,5,6,7,8,8-hexachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanoindane

4,5,6,7,8,8-heksaklor-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-metano-indan (170 g, 0,5 mol), benzoylklorid (0,1 g) og karbontetraklorid ble tilsatt til en glassreaksjonskolbe med en mekanisk omrører, termometer, tilbakeløpskjøler og tilsetningstrakt. Denne blandingen ble oppvarmet med tilbakeløp,og en oppløsning av brom (80 g) i karbontetraklorid ble tilsatt efterhvert som farven forsvant. 4,5,6,7,8,8-hexachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methano-indane (170 g, 0.5 mol), benzoyl chloride (0.1 g) and carbon tetrachloride was added to a glass reaction flask with a mechanical stirrer, thermometer, reflux condenser and addition funnel. This mixture was heated at reflux and a solution of bromine (80 g) in carbon tetrachloride was added as the color disappeared.

Efter at denne tilsetning var avsluttet ble ferriklorid (1 g) tilsatt til blandingen og ytterligere brom (80 g) oppløst i karbontetraklorid (100 ml) ble tilsatt dråpevis i løpet av ca. 2 timer. Efter dette ble reaksjonsblandingen behandlet med pulverformet, aktivert karbon. Karbonet ble fjernet ved filtrering og filtratet ble befridd for løsningsmiddel i en rotasjonsfordamper. Resten ble omkrystallisert fra isopropylalkohol og ga det ønskede produkt 1,2,3-tribrom-4,5,6,7,8,8-heksaklor-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-metanoindan som smelter ved 140-149°C. After this addition was complete, ferric chloride (1 g) was added to the mixture and further bromine (80 g) dissolved in carbon tetrachloride (100 ml) was added dropwise over approx. 2 hours. After this, the reaction mixture was treated with powdered activated carbon. The carbon was removed by filtration and the filtrate was freed of solvent in a rotary evaporator. The residue was recrystallized from isopropyl alcohol to give the desired product 1,2,3-tribromo-4,5,6,7,8,8-hexachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanoindane melting at 140-149°C.

De halogenerte forbindelsene med formel I gir brann-motstandsdyktighet til brennbare polymerer ved å danne en intim blanding med dem. Denne blanding kan lett fremstilles ved en av de mange kjente metodene. De halogenerte forbindelsene kan eksempelvis innblandes i den brennbare polymeren mens den sist-nevnte er oppløst i et egnet løsningsmiddel. Denne fremgangsmåte er spesielt nyttig når det er ønsket å blande de halogenerte forbindelsene under fremstillingen av polymeren. Den halogenerte forbindelsen kan også blandes med den brennbare polymeren i smeltet tilstand ved en temperatur som kan variere fra smelte-punktet for polymeren til en temperatur like under spaltnings-temperaturen for polymeren. En annen metode for dannelse av en intim blanding omfatter tørrblanding av den halogenerte forbindelsen med polymeren i den endelige findelte formen. Derpå følgende støping eller ekstrudering av denne blandingen kan så resultere The halogenated compounds of formula I impart fire resistance to combustible polymers by forming an intimate mixture with them. This mixture can be easily prepared by one of the many known methods. The halogenated compounds can, for example, be mixed into the flammable polymer while the latter is dissolved in a suitable solvent. This method is particularly useful when it is desired to mix the halogenated compounds during the preparation of the polymer. The halogenated compound can also be mixed with the flammable polymer in a molten state at a temperature that can vary from the melting point of the polymer to a temperature just below the decomposition temperature of the polymer. Another method of forming an intimate mixture involves dry mixing the halogenated compound with the polymer in the final finely divided form. Then the following molding or extrusion of this mixture can then result

i en i det vesentlige homogen blanding. in a substantially homogeneous mixture.

Polymerblandingene ifølge oppfinnelsen inneholder fra The polymer mixtures according to the invention contain from

5 til 50 vekt% av én eller flere av de halogenerte forbindelsene med formel I. Den nøyaktige mengde halogenert forbindelse som anvendes, vil avhenge av slike faktorer som graden av ønsket brann-motstandsdyktighet, den spesielle brennbare polymer som brukes, sluttanvendelsen for det resulterende produkt og lignende. 5 to 50% by weight of one or more of the halogenated compounds of formula I. The exact amount of halogenated compound used will depend on such factors as the degree of fire resistance desired, the particular combustible polymer used, the end use of the resulting product and such.

De halogenerte forbindelser med formel I kan meddele brann-motstandsdyktighet til brennbare polymerer. Eksempler på slike polymerer som kan brukes i blanding med de halogenerte forbindelsene for å danne brann-motstandsdyktige polymerblandinger ifølge oppfinnelsen, er homopolymerer og kopolymerer av umettede alifatiske, cykloalifatiske og aromatiske hydrokarboner, som f.eks. polyetylen, polypropylen, polybuten, etylenpropylen-kopolymerer, kopolymerer av etylen eller propylen med andre olefiner, polybutadien, polymerer av butadien, polyisopren, polystyren, polyvinyliden, og polymerer av penten, heksen, hepten, okten, 2-metylpropen-l, 3-metylbuten-l, 4-metylpenten-1, 4-metylheksen-1, 5-metylheksen-l, bicykloheksen (2.2.1), pentadien, heksadien, 2,3-dimetylbutadien-l,3, 2-metylpentadien, vinylcykloheksen som f.eks. 4-vinylcykloheksen, cyklopentadien, metyl-styren og lignende. Andre nyttige polymerer omfatter inden-kumaronharpikser, polymerer av akrylatestere og polymerer av metakrylatestere, akrylat- og metakrylatharpikser som f.eks. etylakrylat, n-butylmetakrylat, isobutylmetakrylat, etylmetakrylat og metylmetakrylat, alkydharpikser, hydrokarbonharpikser fra petroleum, isobutylenharpikser,. polyuretaner, polyesterharpikser som f.eks. umettede polyestere av to-basiske syrer og dihydroksy-forbindelser, polyester-elastomerer, polyisobutylen, gummier som f.eks. naturgummi, syntetisk polyisopren, klorert gummi, polybutadien, cyklisert gummi, butadien-akrylonitrilgummi, butadien-styrengummi, butylgummi og neoprengummi, polystyren, terpen-harpikser, ureaharpikser, vinylharpikser som f.eks. polyvinyl-acetal, polyvinylacetat, vinylalkoholacetatkopolymer, polyvinyl-alkohol, polyvinylalkyleter, vinylmetyleter-maleinsyreanhydrid-kopolymer, polyvinylklorid, polyvinylbutyral, vinylkloridacetat-kopolymer, polyvinylpyrrolidon, vinylidenkloridkopolymerer og lignende. Ytterligere nyttige polymerer omfatter nylon, diallyl-ftalater og ftalatharpikser og polykarbonater. The halogenated compounds of formula I can impart fire resistance to combustible polymers. Examples of such polymers which can be used in admixture with the halogenated compounds to form fire-resistant polymer mixtures according to the invention are homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, such as e.g. polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, ethylene-propylene copolymers, copolymers of ethylene or propylene with other olefins, polybutadiene, polymers of butadiene, polyisoprene, polystyrene, polyvinylidene, and polymers of pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, 2-methylpropene-1, 3- methylbutene-1, 4-methylpentene-1, 4-methylhexene-1, 5-methylhexene-1, bicyclohexene (2.2.1), pentadiene, hexadiene, 2,3-dimethylbutadiene-1,3, 2-methylpentadiene, vinylcyclohexene as f .ex. 4-vinylcyclohexene, cyclopentadiene, methylstyrene and the like. Other useful polymers include indene-coumarone resins, polymers of acrylate esters and polymers of methacrylate esters, acrylate and methacrylate resins such as ethyl acrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate, alkyd resins, hydrocarbon resins from petroleum, isobutylene resins. polyurethanes, polyester resins such as unsaturated polyesters of dibasic acids and dihydroxy compounds, polyester elastomers, polyisobutylene, rubbers such as e.g. natural rubber, synthetic polyisoprene, chlorinated rubber, polybutadiene, cyclized rubber, butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber, butadiene-styrene rubber, butyl rubber and neoprene rubber, polystyrene, terpene resins, urea resins, vinyl resins such as e.g. polyvinyl acetal, polyvinyl acetate, vinyl alcohol acetate copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl alkyl ether, vinyl methyl ether-maleic anhydride copolymer, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl butyral, vinyl chloride acetate copolymer, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, vinylidene chloride copolymers and the like. Additional useful polymers include nylon, diallyl phthalates and phthalate resins and polycarbonates.

Polymerblandingene ifølge oppfinnelsen kan også The polymer mixtures according to the invention can also

inneholde hjelpemidler som sammen med de halogenerte forbindelsene forbedrer brann-motstandsdyktigheten og i noen tilfeller gir synergistiske resultater som ikke oppnås ved bruken av de indi-viduelle forbindelsene. Slike hjelpemidler kan omfatte antimon-forbindelser, som f.eks. antimontrioksyd, sinkborat, blyarsenater som f.eks. PbHAsO^ og lignende. Disse hjelpemidler kan omfatte fra ca. 1 til ca. 35 vekt% av hele polymerblandingen. contain auxiliaries which, together with the halogenated compounds, improve the fire resistance and in some cases give synergistic results which are not achieved by the use of the individual compounds. Such aids may include antimony compounds, such as e.g. antimony trioxide, zinc borate, lead arsenates such as PbHAsO^ and the like. These aids can include from approx. 1 to approx. 35% by weight of the entire polymer mixture.

Effektiviteten for de halogenerte forbindelser med The effectiveness for the halogenated compounds with

formel I som brannhemmere ble påvist i forsøk hvor brann-motstandsdyktige blandinger inneholdende de halogenerte forbindelsene og forskjellige brennbare polymerer ble utsatt for en antennelighets-test ved å bruke oksygen indeksmetoden. Antennelighetstesten ble utført ifølge den generelle fremgangsmåte som er angitt i detalj i ASTM D 2863-70 testmetode. Denne metode skaffer en fremgangsmåte for bestemmelse av den relative antennelighet for plaster ved å måle minimumkonsentrasjonen av oksygen uttrykt i volum% av en langsomt stigende blanding av oksygen og nitrogen som akkurat vil underholde forbrenning. Resultatene av disse forsøk er gjengitt i de følgende eksempler . I hvert av disse eksempler ble komponentene blandet i smeltet tilstand ved å bruke en deigblander. formula I as flame retardants were demonstrated in experiments where fire-resistant mixtures containing the halogenated compounds and various flammable polymers were subjected to a flammability test using the oxygen index method. The flammability test was performed according to the general procedure detailed in ASTM D 2863-70 test method. This method provides a method for determining the relative flammability of plastics by measuring the minimum concentration of oxygen expressed in % by volume of a slowly rising mixture of oxygen and nitrogen which will just entertain combustion. The results of these experiments are reproduced in the following examples. In each of these examples, the components were mixed in a molten state using a dough mixer.

De ovenstående data demonstrerer de brann-motstandsdyktige egenskapene hos blandingene ifølge oppfinnelsen. Det kan sees når de foranstående verdiene sammenlignes med standard oksygen-indeks for polyetylen og polystyren som er henholdsvis 17,4 The above data demonstrate the fire-resistant properties of the compositions according to the invention. It can be seen when the preceding values are compared with the standard oxygen index for polyethylene and polystyrene, which are respectively 17.4

og 18,1% (som publisert i Flammability Handbook for Plastics, Carlos Hilado, 1969) at de halogenerte forbindelser med formel I er meget effektive som flammehemmende midler for brennbare polymerer. and 18.1% (as published in the Flammability Handbook for Plastics, Carlos Hilado, 1969) that the halogenated compounds of formula I are very effective as flame retardants for flammable polymers.

Claims (2)

1. Brann-motstandsdyktig polymerblanding, karakterisert ved at den omfatter en brennbar polymer og 5 - 50 vekt%, basert på blandingens totalvekt, av en halogenert forbindelse med formelen: hvor X er hydrogen, klor eller brom.1. Fire-resistant polymer mixture, characterized in that it comprises a flammable polymer and 5 - 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the mixture, of a halogenated compound with the formula: where X is hydrogen, chlorine or bromine. 2. Polymerblanding ifølge krav 1, karakterisert ved at den halogenerte forbindelse er 1,2-dibrom-4,5,6,7,8,8-heksaklor-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-metanoindan.2. Polymer mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that the halogenated compound is 1,2-dibromo-4,5,6,7,8,8-hexachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanoindane.
NO255/73A 1972-02-23 1973-01-22 FIRE-RESISTANT POLYMER MIXTURE NO140106C (en)

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FR2322900A1 (en) * 1975-09-04 1977-04-01 Rhone Poulenc Ind Flameproof polyester compsn. contg. gelling agent - pref. bentonite, to prevent molten droplets formation
EP0085834B1 (en) * 1982-01-25 1987-04-29 General Electric Company Colour inhibiting flame-retardant consisting of a stable halogenated organic compound and a boron compound
JP2830464B2 (en) * 1989-12-06 1998-12-02 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Exhaust gas purification device for internal combustion engine
TWI312795B (en) * 2002-10-29 2009-08-01 Dai Ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co Ltd Flame retardants for plastics
WO2014044614A1 (en) * 2012-09-20 2014-03-27 Bayer Cropscience Ag Use of biocides as flame retardants

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