NO131243B - - Google Patents

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Publication number
NO131243B
NO131243B NO2742/71A NO274271A NO131243B NO 131243 B NO131243 B NO 131243B NO 2742/71 A NO2742/71 A NO 2742/71A NO 274271 A NO274271 A NO 274271A NO 131243 B NO131243 B NO 131243B
Authority
NO
Norway
Prior art keywords
glass
cover plate
intended
face
resistance wires
Prior art date
Application number
NO2742/71A
Other languages
Norwegian (no)
Other versions
NO131243C (en
Inventor
E Partsch
Original Assignee
Kinon Glas Spiegel
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kinon Glas Spiegel filed Critical Kinon Glas Spiegel
Publication of NO131243B publication Critical patent/NO131243B/no
Publication of NO131243C publication Critical patent/NO131243C/no

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B32B17/10045Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets with at least one intermediate layer consisting of a glass sheet
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10376Laminated safety glass or glazing containing metal wires
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10724Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing polyamide
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/84Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
    • H05B3/86Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields the heating conductors being embedded in the transparent or reflecting material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/20Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/412Transparent

Landscapes

  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Description

Elektrisk oppvarmbar laminert glassrute. Electrically heatable laminated glass pane.

Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører en elektrisk oppvarmbar, gjennomsiktig, laminert glassrute som er bestemt til å motstå store støt, som panserglass, ruter for hurtiggående kjøretøyer osv. og som består av tre enkelte plater, av hvilke de ytre består av glass og den indre består av glass eller en glassklar plast, hvilke plater er innbyrdes forbundet ved hjelp av mellomskikt av plastisk materiale, hvor der i hvert av de to mellomskikt er anordnet en gruppe av i det vesentlige innbyrdes parallelt anordnede motstandstråder med motstandstrådene i det ene mellomskikt forløpende på tvers av motstandstrådene i det annet mellomskikt. The present invention relates to an electrically heatable, transparent, laminated glass pane which is intended to withstand large impacts, such as armored glass, panes for high-speed vehicles, etc. and which consists of three individual sheets, of which the outer consists of glass and the inner consists of glass or a glass-clear plastic, which plates are connected to each other by means of intermediate layers of plastic material, where in each of the two intermediate layers there is arranged a group of essentially parallel arranged resistance wires with the resistance wires in one intermediate layer extending across the resistance wires in the second intermediate layer.

Laminerte glassruter som består av tre enkelte plater, be-nyttes i de tilfelle, hvor det er nødvendig å anvende oppvarmbare glassruter med stor bøye- eller støtfasthet. Laminerte glassruter av denne art finner først og fremst anvendelse som panserglassruter for lokomotiver, fly, ombord i båter osv. Ved hjelp av oppvarmingen skal disse ruter på forsiden holdes fri for is og på innsiden for belegg for at de under alle værforhold skal kunne gi uhindret gjen-nomsyn . Laminated glass panes, which consist of three individual plates, are used in cases where it is necessary to use heatable glass panes with high bending or impact resistance. Laminated glass panes of this type are primarily used as armored glass panes for locomotives, planes, on board boats, etc. With the help of the heating, these panes must be kept free of ice on the front and of coating on the inside so that they can provide unobstructed views in all weather conditions re-examination.

Ved glassruter av denne art som består av flere skikt og med motstandstrådgrupper anordnet i de plastiske mellomskikt, opp-står det problem at de optiske forvrengninger som er betinget åv oppvarmingen av de områder av mellomskiktene som befinner seg nær motstandstrådene, forsterkes, fordi disse fenomener opptrer i to plan. Ved å anordne de to motstandstrådgrupper loddrett på hinannen er det riktignok mulig å oppnå en viss forbedring, men fenomenet kan til tross for dette virke forstyrrende. In the case of glass panes of this type which consist of several layers and with resistance wire groups arranged in the plastic intermediate layers, there is a problem that the optical distortions which are conditioned by the heating of the areas of the intermediate layers which are located close to the resistance wires are amplified, because these phenomena occur in two planes. By arranging the two groups of resistance wires perpendicular to each other, it is indeed possible to achieve a certain improvement, but the phenomenon can, despite this, appear disturbing.

Hensikten med oppfinnelsen er å redusere dette fenomen ytterligere uten at varmerutens egentlige oppgave, nemlig å holde begge de ytre overflater fri for is og belegg, blir påvirket i ugunstig retning. The purpose of the invention is to further reduce this phenomenon without the heating pane's actual task, namely keeping both outer surfaces free of ice and coating, being adversely affected.

Denne oppgave løses ifølge oppfinnelsen ved at den laminerte rutes ytre glassplater er så tynne at- en-spesifikk varmeytelse på 15 W/dm i hvert av de to varmeplan, uten elektrisk regulering, ikke overskrides for at ruten skal oppfylle sin varmefunksjon, og at den midtre plate er dimensjonert for å utgjøre den hovedsakelig styrkegivende plate, idet dens tykkelse er minst 18 mm. This task is solved according to the invention in that the outer glass plates of the laminated pane are so thin that a specific heat output of 15 W/dm in each of the two heating planes, without electrical regulation, is not exceeded in order for the pane to fulfill its heating function, and that the middle plate is dimensioned to constitute the mainly strengthening plate, its thickness being at least 18 mm.

Ifølge oppfinnelsen skal altså virkningen av glassrutens motstand mot støt og bøyning i det vesentlige overtas av en kjerneplate, mens de to ytre plater skal være tynnest mulig for at varme-overgangsmotstanden mellom varmeplanene og de ytre glassoverflater, hvor varmen trengs, skal bli så liten som mulig. E>en spesifikke varmeytelse i de to varmeplan kan samtidig senkes så meget at der ikke kan observeres noen forstyrrende slørdannelse som følge av de forskjeller i den optiske tetthet som opptrer på grunn av temperaturgradientene i det plastiske mellomskikt. Som en ytterligere for-del skal nevnes at den kjente fare for dannelse av riss og sprekker i de ytre plater som følge av temperaturgradientene mellom de opp-varmede flater og den overflate som er utsatt for atmosfærens virk-ning, nedsettes ved at varmeytelsen er nedsatt. According to the invention, the impact of the glass pane's resistance to impact and bending must essentially be taken over by a core plate, while the two outer plates must be as thin as possible so that the heat transfer resistance between the heating planes and the outer glass surfaces, where the heat is needed, will be as small as possible. E>a specific heat output in the two heating planes can simultaneously be lowered so much that no disturbing clouding can be observed as a result of the differences in the optical density that occur due to the temperature gradients in the plastic intermediate layer. As a further advantage, it should be mentioned that the known risk of cracks and fissures forming in the outer plates as a result of the temperature gradients between the heated surfaces and the surface that is exposed to the effect of the atmosphere is reduced by the fact that the heat output is reduced .

Ved en videre utforming av oppfinnelsen er den dekkplate som er bestemt til å vende mot den ytre atmosfære, tynnere enn den dekkplate som er bestemt til å vende mot rommet. Fortrinnsvis har den ytre dekkplate en tykkelse på 1 - 4 mm, mens den indre dekkplate kan ha en tykkelse på 1 til 6 mm. In a further design of the invention, the cover plate which is intended to face the outer atmosphere is thinner than the cover plate which is intended to face the room. Preferably, the outer cover plate has a thickness of 1 - 4 mm, while the inner cover plate can have a thickness of 1 to 6 mm.

Det har også vist seg hensiktsmessig at varmeytelsen i- It has also proven appropriate that the heat performance in

det varmeplan som vender mot den ytre dekkplate, utgjør 5 til 15 W/dm og i det varmeplan som vender mot den indre dekkplate, utgjør 0,5 til 5 W/dm<2>. the heat plane facing the outer cover plate amounts to 5 to 15 W/dm and in the heat plane facing the inner cover plate amounts to 0.5 to 5 W/dm<2>.

Ifølge et videre trekk ved oppfinnelsen består kjerneplaten av forspent glass. Det er imidlertid også mulig å fremstille denne plate av en glassklar plast, såsom et polyamid, celluloseace-tat, celluloseacetatbutyrat eller en annen egnet plast. According to a further feature of the invention, the core plate consists of prestressed glass. However, it is also possible to produce this plate from a glass-clear plastic, such as a polyamide, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate or another suitable plastic.

Tegningen viser i snitt et foretrukket utførelseseksempel på oppfinnelsen. Den elektrisk oppvarmbare, laminerte glassrute består av en kjerneplate 1 av et ca. 12 mm tykt, forspent silikatglass, mens den dekkplate 2 som er bestemt til å vende mot atmosfæren og dekkplåten 3 som er bestemt til å vende mot rommet, også er frem-stilt av silikatglass, den første plate 2 med en tykkelse på ca. 3 mm og den annen plate 3 med en tykkelse på ca. 5 mm. Glassplatene er forbundet med hverandre ved hjelp av plastiske mellomskikt 4 og 5 av polyvinylbutyral, i hvilke motstandstråder 6 henholdsvis 7 er støpt inn. Disse ttåder har en diameter på ca. 10 y og er lagt i bølgeform, stort sett etter et sinuskurveformet forløp. Motstandstrådene 6 forløper på tvers av motstandstrådene 7. Tilslutningsled-ningene 11 for motstandstrådene 6 er ført gjennom boringer 8 og 9 i kjerneplaten 1 henholdsvis platen 3, og på tilsvarende måte er til-slutningsledningene for motstandstrådene 7 ført gjennom en boring 10 i den samme plate 3. The drawing shows a cross section of a preferred embodiment of the invention. The electrically heated, laminated glass pane consists of a core plate 1 of an approx. 12 mm thick, prestressed silicate glass, while the cover plate 2 which is intended to face the atmosphere and the cover plate 3 which is intended to face the room are also made of silicate glass, the first plate 2 with a thickness of approx. 3 mm and the other plate 3 with a thickness of approx. 5 mm. The glass plates are connected to each other by means of plastic intermediate layers 4 and 5 of polyvinyl butyral, in which resistance wires 6 and 7 respectively are cast. These toes have a diameter of approx. 10 y and is laid out in wave form, mostly following a sinusoidal course. The resistance wires 6 extend across the resistance wires 7. The connection wires 11 for the resistance wires 6 are led through bores 8 and 9 in the core plate 1 and the plate 3, respectively, and in a similar way the connection wires for the resistance wires 7 are led through a bore 10 in the same plate 3.

Motstandstrådgruppene 6 og 7 kan være tilsluttet en strøm-kilde sammen eller hver for seg. Derved er det mulig eventuelt å foreta en oppvarming av den ene overflate når oppvarming av den annen ikke er nødvendig. Således kan det om sommeren være tilstrek-kelig bare å foreta oppvarming av den indre overflate for å holde denne fri for dugg, mens også den ytre overflate varmes opp om vin-teren for å unngå isbelegg. På denne måte kan energibehovet nedsettes i vesentlig grad. The resistance wire groups 6 and 7 can be connected to a current source together or separately. Thereby, it is possible to optionally heat one surface when heating the other is not necessary. Thus, in the summer it may be sufficient to simply heat the inner surface to keep it free of dew, while the outer surface is also heated in the winter to avoid ice coating. In this way, the energy requirement can be significantly reduced.

Motstandstrådene er således anordnet at de ved den elek-triske spenning som står til disposisjon, for motstandstrådene 6 gir en spesifikk ytelse på ca. 6 W/dm 2 og for motstandstrådene 7 en ytelse på ca. 2 W/dm 2. The resistance wires are arranged in such a way that, at the electrical voltage that is available, for the resistance wires 6 they provide a specific performance of approx. 6 W/dm 2 and for the resistance wires 7 a performance of approx. 2 W/dm 2.

Claims (5)

1. Elektrisk oppvarmbar, gjennomsiktig, laminert glassrute som er bestemt til å motstå store støt, såsom panserglass, ruter for hurtiggående kjøretøyer osv., og som består av tre enkelte plater, av hvilke de ytre består av glass og den indre består av glass eller en glassklar plast, hvilke plater er innbyrdes forbundet ved hjelp av mellomskikt av plastisk materiale, hvor der i hvert av de to mellomskikt er anordnet en gruppe av i det vesentlige innbyrdes parallelt anordnede motstandstråder med motstandstrådene i det ene mellomskikt forløpende på tvers av motstandstrådene i det annet mellomskikt, karakterisert ved at den laminerte rutes to ytre glassplater (2, 3) er så tynne at en spesifikk varmeytelse på 15 W/dm i hvert av de to varmeplan, uten elektrisk regulering, ikke overskrides for at ruten skal oppfylle sin varmefunksjon, og at den midtre plate er dimensjonert for å utgjøre den hovedsakelig styrkegivende plate, idet dens tykkelse er minst 18 mm.1. Electrically heatable, transparent, laminated glass panes intended to withstand high impact, such as windshields, high-speed vehicle panes, etc., and consisting of three individual sheets, of which the outer is made of glass and the inner is made of glass or a glass-clear plastic, which plates are mutually connected by means of an intermediate layer of plastic material, where in each of the two intermediate layers there is arranged a group of essentially parallel arranged resistance wires with the resistance wires in one intermediate layer extending across the resistance wires in the second intermediate layer, characterized in that the two outer glass plates (2, 3) of the laminated pane are so thin that a specific heat output of 15 W/dm in each of the two heating planes, without electrical regulation, is not exceeded for the pane to fulfill its heating function, and that the middle plate is dimensioned to constitute the mainly strengthening plate, its thickness being at least 18 mm. 2. Glassrute i henhold til krav 1, karakterisert ved at den dekkplate som er bestemt til å vende mot den ytre atmosfære, er tynnere enn den dekkplate som er bestemt til å vende mot rommet.2. Glass pane according to claim 1, characterized in that the cover plate which is intended to face the outer atmosphere is thinner than the cover plate which is intended to face the room. 3. Glassrute i henhold til krav 1 eller 2, karakterisert ved at den dekkplate som er bestemt til å vende mot den ytre atmosfære, har en tykkelse på mindre enn 5 mm og den dekkplate som er bestemt til å vende mot rommet, har en tykkelse på mindre enn 6 mm.3. Glass pane according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cover plate which is intended to face the outer atmosphere has a thickness of less than 5 mm and the cover plate which is intended to face the room has a thickness of less than 6 mm. 4. Glassrute i henhold til et av kravene 1-3, karakterisert ved at varmeytelsen i det varmeplan som støter til den dekkplate som er bestemt til å vende mot den ytre atmosfære, utgjør 5 til 15 W/dm 2 og i det plan som støter til den dekkplate som er bestemt til å vende mot rommet, utgjør 0,5 til 5 W/dm 2.4. Glass pane according to one of the claims 1-3, characterized in that the heat output in the heating plane that abuts the cover plate which is intended to face the outer atmosphere, amounts to 5 to 15 W/dm 2 and in the plane that abuts to the cover plate which is destined to face the room, amounts to 0.5 to 5 W/dm 2. 5. Glassrute i henhold til et av kravene 1-4, karakterisert ved at den midtre plate består av forspent glass.5. Glass pane according to one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the middle plate consists of prestressed glass.
NO2742/71A 1970-07-20 1971-07-19 NO131243C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2035891A DE2035891C3 (en) 1970-07-20 1970-07-20 Electrically heated laminated glass

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
NO131243B true NO131243B (en) 1975-01-20
NO131243C NO131243C (en) 1975-04-30

Family

ID=5777285

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
NO2742/71A NO131243C (en) 1970-07-20 1971-07-19

Country Status (10)

Country Link
AT (1) AT314130B (en)
BE (1) BE770214A (en)
CH (1) CH537688A (en)
DE (1) DE2035891C3 (en)
ES (1) ES170920Y (en)
FR (1) FR2101618A5 (en)
GB (1) GB1329790A (en)
IT (1) IT939259B (en)
NL (1) NL7109678A (en)
NO (1) NO131243C (en)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE444636B (en) * 1982-10-05 1986-04-28 Termofrost Sweden Ab GLASDORR INTENDED TO BE USED FOR REFRIGERATING AND COLD SPACE
DE4010421A1 (en) * 1990-03-31 1991-10-02 Ver Glaswerke Gmbh GLASS ALARM GLASS
DE4016449A1 (en) * 1990-05-22 1991-11-28 Flachglas Ag Glass security disc prodn. with electrical connection to central foil - by drilling connection hole after joining inner and outer glass discs and foil by thermo-pressure process
FR2996802B1 (en) * 2012-10-12 2014-11-21 Saint Gobain GLAZING SHEET
FR2996803B1 (en) * 2012-10-12 2014-11-21 Saint Gobain MANUFACTURING LAMINATED GLAZING WITH ELECTRICAL CONDUCTOR
JP6905831B2 (en) * 2017-01-19 2021-07-21 日本板硝子株式会社 Laminated glass

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2035891B2 (en) 1973-07-05
NO131243C (en) 1975-04-30
ES170920Y (en) 1972-07-16
BE770214A (en) 1972-01-19
DE2035891C3 (en) 1974-02-07
FR2101618A5 (en) 1972-03-31
AT314130B (en) 1974-03-25
ES170920U (en) 1971-12-01
IT939259B (en) 1973-02-10
CH537688A (en) 1973-05-31
NL7109678A (en) 1972-01-24
DE2035891A1 (en) 1972-02-17
GB1329790A (en) 1973-09-12

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