NO131243B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO131243B NO131243B NO2742/71A NO274271A NO131243B NO 131243 B NO131243 B NO 131243B NO 2742/71 A NO2742/71 A NO 2742/71A NO 274271 A NO274271 A NO 274271A NO 131243 B NO131243 B NO 131243B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- cover plate
- intended
- face
- resistance wires
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000005340 laminated glass Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005368 silicate glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006217 cellulose acetate butyrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005349 heatable glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003137 locomotive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 210000003371 toe Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
- B32B17/10045—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets with at least one intermediate layer consisting of a glass sheet
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10376—Laminated safety glass or glazing containing metal wires
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10724—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing polyamide
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
- H05B3/86—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields the heating conductors being embedded in the transparent or reflecting material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/412—Transparent
Landscapes
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Description
Elektrisk oppvarmbar laminert glassrute. Electrically heatable laminated glass pane.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører en elektrisk oppvarmbar, gjennomsiktig, laminert glassrute som er bestemt til å motstå store støt, som panserglass, ruter for hurtiggående kjøretøyer osv. og som består av tre enkelte plater, av hvilke de ytre består av glass og den indre består av glass eller en glassklar plast, hvilke plater er innbyrdes forbundet ved hjelp av mellomskikt av plastisk materiale, hvor der i hvert av de to mellomskikt er anordnet en gruppe av i det vesentlige innbyrdes parallelt anordnede motstandstråder med motstandstrådene i det ene mellomskikt forløpende på tvers av motstandstrådene i det annet mellomskikt. The present invention relates to an electrically heatable, transparent, laminated glass pane which is intended to withstand large impacts, such as armored glass, panes for high-speed vehicles, etc. and which consists of three individual sheets, of which the outer consists of glass and the inner consists of glass or a glass-clear plastic, which plates are connected to each other by means of intermediate layers of plastic material, where in each of the two intermediate layers there is arranged a group of essentially parallel arranged resistance wires with the resistance wires in one intermediate layer extending across the resistance wires in the second intermediate layer.
Laminerte glassruter som består av tre enkelte plater, be-nyttes i de tilfelle, hvor det er nødvendig å anvende oppvarmbare glassruter med stor bøye- eller støtfasthet. Laminerte glassruter av denne art finner først og fremst anvendelse som panserglassruter for lokomotiver, fly, ombord i båter osv. Ved hjelp av oppvarmingen skal disse ruter på forsiden holdes fri for is og på innsiden for belegg for at de under alle værforhold skal kunne gi uhindret gjen-nomsyn . Laminated glass panes, which consist of three individual plates, are used in cases where it is necessary to use heatable glass panes with high bending or impact resistance. Laminated glass panes of this type are primarily used as armored glass panes for locomotives, planes, on board boats, etc. With the help of the heating, these panes must be kept free of ice on the front and of coating on the inside so that they can provide unobstructed views in all weather conditions re-examination.
Ved glassruter av denne art som består av flere skikt og med motstandstrådgrupper anordnet i de plastiske mellomskikt, opp-står det problem at de optiske forvrengninger som er betinget åv oppvarmingen av de områder av mellomskiktene som befinner seg nær motstandstrådene, forsterkes, fordi disse fenomener opptrer i to plan. Ved å anordne de to motstandstrådgrupper loddrett på hinannen er det riktignok mulig å oppnå en viss forbedring, men fenomenet kan til tross for dette virke forstyrrende. In the case of glass panes of this type which consist of several layers and with resistance wire groups arranged in the plastic intermediate layers, there is a problem that the optical distortions which are conditioned by the heating of the areas of the intermediate layers which are located close to the resistance wires are amplified, because these phenomena occur in two planes. By arranging the two groups of resistance wires perpendicular to each other, it is indeed possible to achieve a certain improvement, but the phenomenon can, despite this, appear disturbing.
Hensikten med oppfinnelsen er å redusere dette fenomen ytterligere uten at varmerutens egentlige oppgave, nemlig å holde begge de ytre overflater fri for is og belegg, blir påvirket i ugunstig retning. The purpose of the invention is to further reduce this phenomenon without the heating pane's actual task, namely keeping both outer surfaces free of ice and coating, being adversely affected.
Denne oppgave løses ifølge oppfinnelsen ved at den laminerte rutes ytre glassplater er så tynne at- en-spesifikk varmeytelse på 15 W/dm i hvert av de to varmeplan, uten elektrisk regulering, ikke overskrides for at ruten skal oppfylle sin varmefunksjon, og at den midtre plate er dimensjonert for å utgjøre den hovedsakelig styrkegivende plate, idet dens tykkelse er minst 18 mm. This task is solved according to the invention in that the outer glass plates of the laminated pane are so thin that a specific heat output of 15 W/dm in each of the two heating planes, without electrical regulation, is not exceeded in order for the pane to fulfill its heating function, and that the middle plate is dimensioned to constitute the mainly strengthening plate, its thickness being at least 18 mm.
Ifølge oppfinnelsen skal altså virkningen av glassrutens motstand mot støt og bøyning i det vesentlige overtas av en kjerneplate, mens de to ytre plater skal være tynnest mulig for at varme-overgangsmotstanden mellom varmeplanene og de ytre glassoverflater, hvor varmen trengs, skal bli så liten som mulig. E>en spesifikke varmeytelse i de to varmeplan kan samtidig senkes så meget at der ikke kan observeres noen forstyrrende slørdannelse som følge av de forskjeller i den optiske tetthet som opptrer på grunn av temperaturgradientene i det plastiske mellomskikt. Som en ytterligere for-del skal nevnes at den kjente fare for dannelse av riss og sprekker i de ytre plater som følge av temperaturgradientene mellom de opp-varmede flater og den overflate som er utsatt for atmosfærens virk-ning, nedsettes ved at varmeytelsen er nedsatt. According to the invention, the impact of the glass pane's resistance to impact and bending must essentially be taken over by a core plate, while the two outer plates must be as thin as possible so that the heat transfer resistance between the heating planes and the outer glass surfaces, where the heat is needed, will be as small as possible. E>a specific heat output in the two heating planes can simultaneously be lowered so much that no disturbing clouding can be observed as a result of the differences in the optical density that occur due to the temperature gradients in the plastic intermediate layer. As a further advantage, it should be mentioned that the known risk of cracks and fissures forming in the outer plates as a result of the temperature gradients between the heated surfaces and the surface that is exposed to the effect of the atmosphere is reduced by the fact that the heat output is reduced .
Ved en videre utforming av oppfinnelsen er den dekkplate som er bestemt til å vende mot den ytre atmosfære, tynnere enn den dekkplate som er bestemt til å vende mot rommet. Fortrinnsvis har den ytre dekkplate en tykkelse på 1 - 4 mm, mens den indre dekkplate kan ha en tykkelse på 1 til 6 mm. In a further design of the invention, the cover plate which is intended to face the outer atmosphere is thinner than the cover plate which is intended to face the room. Preferably, the outer cover plate has a thickness of 1 - 4 mm, while the inner cover plate can have a thickness of 1 to 6 mm.
Det har også vist seg hensiktsmessig at varmeytelsen i- It has also proven appropriate that the heat performance in
det varmeplan som vender mot den ytre dekkplate, utgjør 5 til 15 W/dm og i det varmeplan som vender mot den indre dekkplate, utgjør 0,5 til 5 W/dm<2>. the heat plane facing the outer cover plate amounts to 5 to 15 W/dm and in the heat plane facing the inner cover plate amounts to 0.5 to 5 W/dm<2>.
Ifølge et videre trekk ved oppfinnelsen består kjerneplaten av forspent glass. Det er imidlertid også mulig å fremstille denne plate av en glassklar plast, såsom et polyamid, celluloseace-tat, celluloseacetatbutyrat eller en annen egnet plast. According to a further feature of the invention, the core plate consists of prestressed glass. However, it is also possible to produce this plate from a glass-clear plastic, such as a polyamide, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate or another suitable plastic.
Tegningen viser i snitt et foretrukket utførelseseksempel på oppfinnelsen. Den elektrisk oppvarmbare, laminerte glassrute består av en kjerneplate 1 av et ca. 12 mm tykt, forspent silikatglass, mens den dekkplate 2 som er bestemt til å vende mot atmosfæren og dekkplåten 3 som er bestemt til å vende mot rommet, også er frem-stilt av silikatglass, den første plate 2 med en tykkelse på ca. 3 mm og den annen plate 3 med en tykkelse på ca. 5 mm. Glassplatene er forbundet med hverandre ved hjelp av plastiske mellomskikt 4 og 5 av polyvinylbutyral, i hvilke motstandstråder 6 henholdsvis 7 er støpt inn. Disse ttåder har en diameter på ca. 10 y og er lagt i bølgeform, stort sett etter et sinuskurveformet forløp. Motstandstrådene 6 forløper på tvers av motstandstrådene 7. Tilslutningsled-ningene 11 for motstandstrådene 6 er ført gjennom boringer 8 og 9 i kjerneplaten 1 henholdsvis platen 3, og på tilsvarende måte er til-slutningsledningene for motstandstrådene 7 ført gjennom en boring 10 i den samme plate 3. The drawing shows a cross section of a preferred embodiment of the invention. The electrically heated, laminated glass pane consists of a core plate 1 of an approx. 12 mm thick, prestressed silicate glass, while the cover plate 2 which is intended to face the atmosphere and the cover plate 3 which is intended to face the room are also made of silicate glass, the first plate 2 with a thickness of approx. 3 mm and the other plate 3 with a thickness of approx. 5 mm. The glass plates are connected to each other by means of plastic intermediate layers 4 and 5 of polyvinyl butyral, in which resistance wires 6 and 7 respectively are cast. These toes have a diameter of approx. 10 y and is laid out in wave form, mostly following a sinusoidal course. The resistance wires 6 extend across the resistance wires 7. The connection wires 11 for the resistance wires 6 are led through bores 8 and 9 in the core plate 1 and the plate 3, respectively, and in a similar way the connection wires for the resistance wires 7 are led through a bore 10 in the same plate 3.
Motstandstrådgruppene 6 og 7 kan være tilsluttet en strøm-kilde sammen eller hver for seg. Derved er det mulig eventuelt å foreta en oppvarming av den ene overflate når oppvarming av den annen ikke er nødvendig. Således kan det om sommeren være tilstrek-kelig bare å foreta oppvarming av den indre overflate for å holde denne fri for dugg, mens også den ytre overflate varmes opp om vin-teren for å unngå isbelegg. På denne måte kan energibehovet nedsettes i vesentlig grad. The resistance wire groups 6 and 7 can be connected to a current source together or separately. Thereby, it is possible to optionally heat one surface when heating the other is not necessary. Thus, in the summer it may be sufficient to simply heat the inner surface to keep it free of dew, while the outer surface is also heated in the winter to avoid ice coating. In this way, the energy requirement can be significantly reduced.
Motstandstrådene er således anordnet at de ved den elek-triske spenning som står til disposisjon, for motstandstrådene 6 gir en spesifikk ytelse på ca. 6 W/dm 2 og for motstandstrådene 7 en ytelse på ca. 2 W/dm 2. The resistance wires are arranged in such a way that, at the electrical voltage that is available, for the resistance wires 6 they provide a specific performance of approx. 6 W/dm 2 and for the resistance wires 7 a performance of approx. 2 W/dm 2.
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2035891A DE2035891C3 (en) | 1970-07-20 | 1970-07-20 | Electrically heated laminated glass |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO131243B true NO131243B (en) | 1975-01-20 |
NO131243C NO131243C (en) | 1975-04-30 |
Family
ID=5777285
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO2742/71A NO131243C (en) | 1970-07-20 | 1971-07-19 |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AT (1) | AT314130B (en) |
BE (1) | BE770214A (en) |
CH (1) | CH537688A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2035891C3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES170920Y (en) |
FR (1) | FR2101618A5 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1329790A (en) |
IT (1) | IT939259B (en) |
NL (1) | NL7109678A (en) |
NO (1) | NO131243C (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE444636B (en) * | 1982-10-05 | 1986-04-28 | Termofrost Sweden Ab | GLASDORR INTENDED TO BE USED FOR REFRIGERATING AND COLD SPACE |
DE4010421A1 (en) * | 1990-03-31 | 1991-10-02 | Ver Glaswerke Gmbh | GLASS ALARM GLASS |
DE4016449A1 (en) * | 1990-05-22 | 1991-11-28 | Flachglas Ag | Glass security disc prodn. with electrical connection to central foil - by drilling connection hole after joining inner and outer glass discs and foil by thermo-pressure process |
FR2996802B1 (en) * | 2012-10-12 | 2014-11-21 | Saint Gobain | GLAZING SHEET |
FR2996803B1 (en) * | 2012-10-12 | 2014-11-21 | Saint Gobain | MANUFACTURING LAMINATED GLAZING WITH ELECTRICAL CONDUCTOR |
JP6905831B2 (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2021-07-21 | 日本板硝子株式会社 | Laminated glass |
-
1970
- 1970-07-20 DE DE2035891A patent/DE2035891C3/en not_active Expired
-
1971
- 1971-07-12 AT AT604271A patent/AT314130B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1971-07-13 NL NL7109678A patent/NL7109678A/xx unknown
- 1971-07-13 FR FR7125566A patent/FR2101618A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1971-07-19 ES ES1971170920U patent/ES170920Y/en not_active Expired
- 1971-07-19 BE BE770214A patent/BE770214A/en unknown
- 1971-07-19 GB GB3378171A patent/GB1329790A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-07-19 CH CH1056271A patent/CH537688A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1971-07-19 NO NO2742/71A patent/NO131243C/no unknown
- 1971-07-20 IT IT42953/71A patent/IT939259B/en active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2035891B2 (en) | 1973-07-05 |
NO131243C (en) | 1975-04-30 |
ES170920Y (en) | 1972-07-16 |
BE770214A (en) | 1972-01-19 |
DE2035891C3 (en) | 1974-02-07 |
FR2101618A5 (en) | 1972-03-31 |
AT314130B (en) | 1974-03-25 |
ES170920U (en) | 1971-12-01 |
IT939259B (en) | 1973-02-10 |
CH537688A (en) | 1973-05-31 |
NL7109678A (en) | 1972-01-24 |
DE2035891A1 (en) | 1972-02-17 |
GB1329790A (en) | 1973-09-12 |
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