NO124522B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO124522B NO124522B NO162210A NO16221066A NO124522B NO 124522 B NO124522 B NO 124522B NO 162210 A NO162210 A NO 162210A NO 16221066 A NO16221066 A NO 16221066A NO 124522 B NO124522 B NO 124522B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- bath
- yarn
- stockings
- woven fabrics
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009940 knitting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920002302 Nylon 6,6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L17/00—Apparatus or implements used in manual washing or cleaning of crockery, table-ware, cooking-ware or the like
- A47L17/04—Pan or pot cleaning utensils
- A47L17/08—Pads; Balls of steel wool, wire, or plastic meshes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L13/00—Implements for cleaning floors, carpets, furniture, walls, or wall coverings
- A47L13/02—Scraping
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L13/00—Implements for cleaning floors, carpets, furniture, walls, or wall coverings
- A47L13/02—Scraping
- A47L13/06—Scraping with wire brushes or wire meshes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L13/00—Implements for cleaning floors, carpets, furniture, walls, or wall coverings
- A47L13/10—Scrubbing; Scouring; Cleaning; Polishing
- A47L13/20—Mops
- A47L13/22—Mops with liquid-feeding devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D11/00—Constructional features of flexible abrasive materials; Special features in the manufacture of such materials
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
- D04H1/587—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives characterised by the bonding agents used
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
- D04H1/64—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/507—Polyesters
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/55—Epoxy resins
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/59—Polyamides; Polyimides
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M23/00—Treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, characterised by the process
- D06M23/08—Processes in which the treating agent is applied in powder or granular form
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/30—Synthetic polymers consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M2101/34—Polyamides
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
- Coloring (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
Description
Fremgangsmåte ved varmebehandling av vevete stoffer og tekstilvarer. Procedure for heat treatment of woven fabrics and textile goods.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår en The present invention relates to a
fremgangsmåte ved varmebehandling av procedure for heat treatment of
vevete stoffer eller tekstilvarer fremstilt av woven fabrics or textile goods made from
termoplastiske garn som er kruset ved i thermoplastic yarns crimped by i
varm tilstand å føres over en skarp kant, hot condition to be passed over a sharp edge,
som angitt i patent nr. 94 277. as stated in patent no. 94,277.
Som her angitt er det av betydning å As indicated here, it is important to
være oppmerksom på følgende punkter: be aware of the following points:
1. Krusningen økes eller fremkalles ved 1. The ripple is increased or induced by
opphetning i vandig medium. heating in aqueous medium.
2. Det er fordelaktig å veve eller strik-ke garnet som er ført over den skarpe kant, 2. It is advantageous to weave or knit the yarn that is passed over the sharp edge,
til vevete stoffer eller tekstilvarer, før den to woven fabrics or textile goods, before it
endelige krusning er frembragt ved varme-behanding i et vandig medium og å oppnå final ripple is produced by heat treatment in an aqueous medium and to achieve
den endelige utvikling av krusningen ved the final development of the ripple at
å oppvarme tekstilvarene eller det vevete to heat the textiles or the woven fabric
stoff i et vandig medium under omrøring. substance in an aqueous medium with stirring.
Grunnen til dette er at tilstedeværel-sen av krusning eller krøller i garnet vil ha The reason for this is that the presence of ripples or curls in the yarn will have
en uheldig innvirkning på vevningen eller an adverse effect on the tissue or
strikkingen. Inntil krusningen er fullstendig fremkalt ved oppvarmning vil en for-holdsvis liten spenning være tilstrekkelig the knitting. Until the ripple is completely induced by heating, a relatively small voltage will be sufficient
til å holde garnet stramt og fritt for krusning, slik at det lett kan passere gjennom to keep the yarn taut and free of frizz, so that it can pass through easily
garnføringer o. 1. yarn guides etc. 1.
De er i alminnelighet vel kjent, i til-felle av at garn består av syntetisk kondensasjonspolymerer som f. eks. nylon (po-lyheksametylenadipamid), at anvendelsen They are generally well known, in the case that the yarn consists of synthetic condensation polymers such as e.g. nylon (polyhexamethylene adipamide), that the application
av varme er tilbøvelig til å bevirke at garnet herdnes og at garnets form og tilstand of heat is likely to cause the yarn to harden and the shape and condition of the yarn
blir permanent. Hvis garnet således tvin-nes vil det motstå opptvinning. Det er nu becomes permanent. If the yarn is thus twisted, it will resist unwinding. It is now
funnet at det er fordelaktig å utvikle krusningen i vevete stoffer eller tekstilvarer found that it is advantageous to develop the ripple in woven fabrics or textiles
fremstilt av garn som er behandlet, som angitt i patent nr. 94 277, ved gradvis anvendelse av varme, slik at temperaturen bare stiger langsomt. made from yarn which has been treated, as stated in patent no. 94,277, by the gradual application of heat, so that the temperature rises only slowly.
På denne måte oppnåes en særlig høy grad av krusning. Det antas at grunnen til dette er følgende. Hvis varmen tilføres for raskt vil den raske temperaturendring bevirke at garnet herdes eller stabiliseres før det er blitt tid til utvikling av en fullstendig krusning. Den gradvis økning av temperaturen gir anledning til en fullstendig utvikling av krusningen i stoffet. En kraftig omrøring av det vandige bad i hvilket tekstilstoffet opphetes er likeledes av betydning for å lette utvikling av krusningen. In this way, a particularly high degree of ripple is achieved. It is believed that the reason for this is the following. If the heat is applied too quickly, the rapid temperature change will cause the yarn to harden or stabilize before it has had time to develop a complete ripple. The gradual increase in temperature gives rise to a complete development of the ripple in the fabric. Vigorous stirring of the aqueous bath in which the textile fabric is heated is also important to facilitate the development of the ripple.
I overensstemmelse hermed angår foreliggende oppfinnelse en fremgangsmåte ved varmebehandling av vevete stoffer eller tekstilvarer fremstilt av termoplastisk garn bestående av syntetiske kondensasjonspolymerer, som er kruset ved i varm tilstand å føres over en skarp kant, som angitt i patent nr. 94 277 hvilke vevete stoffer eller tekstilvarer deretter opphetes, og fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen er karakterisert ved at det vevete stoff eller tekstilvarene oppvarmes ved å neddykkes i et ikke oppvarmet vandig bad hvis temperatur økes samtidig som badet omrøres. In accordance with this, the present invention relates to a method for the heat treatment of woven fabrics or textile goods made from thermoplastic yarn consisting of synthetic condensation polymers, which are crimped by being passed over a sharp edge in a hot state, as stated in patent no. 94 277 which woven fabrics or textile goods are then heated, and the method according to the invention is characterized by the fact that the woven fabric or the textile goods are heated by being immersed in an unheated aqueous bath, the temperature of which is increased at the same time as the bath is stirred.
Oppfinnelsen kan anvendes ved frem-stilling av tekstilprodukter av forskjellig art, f. eks. vevete resp. strikkede produkter inkl. strømper, gensere, pullovere, trøyer, undertøy og laken. The invention can be used in the production of textile products of various kinds, e.g. woven or knitted products including stockings, jumpers, pullovers, jumpers, underwear and sheets.
Oppfinnelsen gjør det mulig å frem-stille produkter med forhøyet elastisitet, hvorunder man kan oppnå en elastisitets-grad som hittil ikke engang kunne oppnåes ved anvendelse av garn med den høyeste elastisitet. The invention makes it possible to produce products with increased elasticity, during which one can achieve a degree of elasticity which until now could not even be achieved by using yarn with the highest elasticity.
Garnet som anvendes kan være en-kelttråds eller fleretråds. Hvis det anvendes totrådet garn skal i alminnelighet tvin-net av de to tråder være motsatt rettet. The yarn used can be single-threaded or multi-threaded. If twin-strand yarn is used, the twist of the two threads must generally be in opposite directions.
Produktene skal innføres i badet in-nen dette begynner å opphetes, hvorunder de beste resultater oppnåes ved en begyn-nelsestemperatur som ikke er høyere enn omtrent 38° C og fortrinnsvis ikke høyere enn 26° C. Badets temperatur skal heves meget langsomt, særlig ved begynnelsen av oppvarmningen hvorunder temperaturen ikke bør stige raskere enn ca. 0,5—1,6° C pr. minutt inntil badet har nådd en temperatur på 48° C. Deretter kan oppvarm-ningshastigheten økes noe, og badtemperaturen kan nu stige med ca. 2,5—5,5° C pr. minutt inntil den ønskede høyeste temperatur er nådd. De beste resultater oppnåes imidlertid når temperaturstigningen selv her ikke går opp til mere enn 2,2— 3,3° C pr. minutt. Som alminnelig regel kan sies at jo langsommere temperaturen økes desto større blir elastisiteten av det ferdige produkt. Badets sluttemperatur bør gå opp til minst 60° C. Bedre resultater oppnåes hvis badet opphetes til en maksi-mumstemperatur på 72 til 82° C. Badet kan eventuelt opphetes til kokepunktet eller til og med settes under trykk og opphetes til en temperatur på ca. 150° C eller høy-ere, for når elastisiteten først er tilveie-brakt i vedkommende tekstilprodukt på-virkes den ikke av høyere temperatur hvis garnet i produktet foreligger i en i det ve-sentligste uspent tilstand. The products must be introduced into the bath before it begins to heat up, during which the best results are achieved at a starting temperature that is no higher than approximately 38° C and preferably no higher than 26° C. The temperature of the bath must be raised very slowly, especially at the beginning of the heating, during which the temperature should not rise faster than approx. 0.5-1.6° C per minute until the bath has reached a temperature of 48° C. The heating rate can then be increased somewhat, and the bath temperature can now rise by approx. 2.5—5.5° C per minute until the desired highest temperature is reached. However, the best results are achieved when the temperature rise, even here, does not rise to more than 2.2-3.3° C per minute. As a general rule, it can be said that the slower the temperature is increased, the greater the elasticity of the finished product. The final temperature of the bath should rise to at least 60° C. Better results are achieved if the bath is heated to a maximum temperature of 72 to 82° C. The bath can optionally be heated to the boiling point or even put under pressure and heated to a temperature of approx. 150° C or higher, because once the elasticity has been provided in the textile product in question, it is not affected by a higher temperature if the yarn in the product is in an essentially unstretched state.
For oppnåelse av maksimal elastisitet er det av stor betydning at behandlingen i badet finner sted under kontinuerlig om-røring. Omrøringen skal være så kraftig som mulig uten at tekstilene tar skade, da kontraksjonen og dermed elastisiteten in-nen visse grenser er større jo sterkere ma-terialet omrøres. Omrøringen kan skje ved hjelp av vilkårlige midler, f. eks. damp-stråleanordninger, lyd og ultralydbølger, omrøringsmotorer o. 1. I alminnelighet er en vaskemaskin med horisontalt eller ver-tikalt anordnete omrørere tilfredsstillende, og for små artikler, som f. eks. strømper, kan vanlig strømpefargemaskin anvendes. To achieve maximum elasticity, it is of great importance that the treatment in the bath takes place with continuous stirring. The stirring must be as vigorous as possible without damaging the textiles, as the contraction and thus the elasticity within certain limits is greater the stronger the material is stirred. The stirring can take place using arbitrary means, e.g. steam jet devices, sound and ultrasonic waves, stirring motors etc. 1. In general, a washing machine with horizontally or vertically arranged agitators is satisfactory, and for small articles, such as e.g. stockings, a normal sock dyeing machine can be used.
Oppfinnelsen illustreres nærmere ved følgende eksempler: Eksempel 1: Dampestrømper av nylongarn ble fremstilt på en fullfasjonerende strømpe-maskin. For benpartiet anvendes et en-trådet garn med deniertall 15, og for helkilen og fotpartiet et 10-trådet garn med deniertall 30. Strømpene avtas fra maskinen og ledes i løst strikkete bomulls-sek-ker, 20 par i hver sekk. Sekkene med strøm-pene innføres deretter i en strømpefarge-maskin, som rommer omtrent 11 kg og som roterer dobbelt så fort som vanlig, dvs. med en hastighet av 12 omdreininger i minuttet. Deretter innføres vann av en temperatur på 32° i maskinen. Et fuktemiddel, f. eks. natriumsåpe, kan tilsettes. Etter 20 minutter heves badtemperaturen langsomt, nemlig med omtrent 1° C i minuttet, inntil badet har nådd en temperatur av 48° C. Deretter fortsettes oppvarmningen av badet med temperaturstigninger av omtrent 2,2° C i minuttet, inntil badtemperaturen har nådd 82° C. Ved denne temperatur om-røres badet ytterligere i 5 minutter, deretter slippes badevæsken ut og strømpene skylles godt i rent vann. Uten å ta strømp-ene ut av fargemaskinen innfører man en fargevæske i maskinen og farger strømp-ene på vanlig måte. Etter fargingen tørkes strømpene godt, tas ut av maskinen og opp-spennes på formbrettet i iy2 minutt ved en temperatur av 122° C. De på denne måte behandlete strømper har et meget tiltal-ende matt, silkelignende utseende, og en slik elastisitet at de lett kan anvendes for 3 til 4 størrelser. Ved holdfasthets-prøve viste det seg at disse strømper er betydelig overlegne overfor vanlige strømper. The invention is illustrated in more detail by the following examples: Example 1: Steam socks made of nylon yarn were produced on a fully fashioning hosiery machine. A single-thread yarn with a denier of 15 is used for the leg part, and a 10-thread yarn with a denier of 30 for the full wedge and the foot part. The socks are removed from the machine and placed in loosely knitted cotton sacks, 20 pairs in each sack. The bags with the stockings are then introduced into a stocking dyeing machine, which holds approximately 11 kg and which rotates twice as fast as usual, i.e. at a speed of 12 revolutions per minute. Water of a temperature of 32° is then introduced into the machine. A wetting agent, e.g. sodium soap, can be added. After 20 minutes, the bath temperature is raised slowly, namely by approximately 1° C per minute, until the bath has reached a temperature of 48° C. The heating of the bath is then continued with temperature increases of approximately 2.2° C per minute, until the bath temperature has reached 82° C. At this temperature, the bath is stirred for a further 5 minutes, then the bath liquid is released and the stockings are rinsed well in clean water. Without taking the stockings out of the dyeing machine, you introduce a dye liquid into the machine and dye the stockings in the usual way. After dyeing, the stockings are dried well, taken out of the machine and stretched on the forming board for iy2 minutes at a temperature of 122° C. The stockings treated in this way have a very appealing matte, silk-like appearance, and such elasticity that they can easily be used for 3 to 4 sizes. In a hold fastness test, it turned out that these stockings are significantly superior to ordinary stockings.
Eksempel 2: Damestrømper av nylongarn ble fremstilt på en rundstrikkemaskin. For benpartiet anvendes et 7-trådet garn med deniertall 20 og for såle- hel og tåpartiet et 13-trådet garn med deniertall 40. Strømpene avtas fra maskinen, ligges i løst strikkete bomullssekker (15 par i hver sekk) og inn-føres i en strømpefargemaskin, som rommer omtrent 11 kg, og roterer med en hastighet av 12 omdreininger i minuttet. Vann av en temperatur på 21° C påfylles maskinen. Maskinen settes i bevegelse. Etter omtrent 20 minutter heves badtemperaturen med omtrent 2,2° C i minuttet inntil man har oppnådd en temperatur av omtrent 48° C, hvoretter temperaturstigningen fortsettes med omtrent 3,3° C i minuttet inntil kokepunktet. Deretter skylles strømpene og etter at overskudd av fuktighet er fjernet ved tørking i sentrifuge, tas de ut av bom-ullssekkene og påføres på formbrettene. Strømpene underkastes en for-formning i 1 minutt ved 133° C, tas deretter av formbrettene og farges på vanlig måte. De far-gete strømper ferdigformes deretter i iy2 minutt ved 105° C. De ferdige strømper har i hånden et matt, silkelignende utseende og virker på benet meget gjennomsiktige og glatte. Den jevnhet som strømpene ut-viser på benet kan uten videre sammen-lignes med jevnheten hos strømper av en-trådet, vanlig nylongarn med deniertall 15. Strømpene viser tilfredsstillende elastisitet og 3 til 4 nummer dekker det totale behov for forskjellige størrelser. Example 2: Women's stockings made of nylon yarn were produced on a circular knitting machine. A 7-thread yarn with a denier of 20 is used for the leg section and a 13-thread yarn with a denier of 40 for the sole and toe section. The socks are removed from the machine, placed in loosely knitted cotton sacks (15 pairs in each sack) and inserted into a stocking dyeing machine, which holds approximately 11 kg, and rotates at a speed of 12 revolutions per minute. The machine is filled with water of a temperature of 21° C. The machine is set in motion. After approximately 20 minutes, the bath temperature is raised by approximately 2.2° C per minute until a temperature of approximately 48° C is reached, after which the temperature rise is continued at approximately 3.3° C per minute until the boiling point. The stockings are then rinsed and, after excess moisture has been removed by drying in a centrifuge, they are taken out of the cotton wool sacks and applied to the mold trays. The stockings are subjected to pre-shaping for 1 minute at 133° C, then removed from the forming trays and dyed in the usual way. The colored socks are then finished shaping for 1y2 minutes at 105° C. The finished socks have a matte, silk-like appearance in the hand and appear very transparent and smooth on the leg. The smoothness that the stockings show on the leg can easily be compared with the smoothness of stockings made of single-threaded, regular nylon yarn with a denier number of 15. The stockings show satisfactory elasticity and 3 to 4 numbers cover the total need for different sizes.
Eksempel 3: I en fullfasjonerende strømpemaskin fremstilles et antall damestrømper av nylongarn, hvorunder der anvendes totrådet garn med deniertall 20 såvel i benet som også i sålepartiet og for helkilen. De strikkete strømper tas ut av maskinen, legges i bomullssekker og behandles etter den i eksempel 2 beskrevne fremgangsmåte. De ferdige strømper oppviser betydelig større elastisitet enn strømper som er fremstilt av samme garn, men på vanlig måte uten anvendelse av det kontinuerlig omrørte bad ifølge oppfinnelsen. Example 3: In a fully fashioning hosiery machine, a number of women's stockings are produced from nylon yarn, under which two-filament yarn with a denier number of 20 is used both in the leg and also in the sole part and for the full gusset. The knitted stockings are taken out of the machine, placed in cotton sacks and processed according to the procedure described in example 2. The finished stockings show significantly greater elasticity than stockings that have been manufactured of the same yarn, but in the usual way without using the continuously stirred bath according to the invention.
Claims (2)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US442578A US3401491A (en) | 1965-03-25 | 1965-03-25 | Binder of an epoxy resin, polyamide resin and polyester for fibrous abrasive articles |
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NO124522B true NO124522B (en) | 1972-05-02 |
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BE (1) | BE678427A (en) |
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ES (1) | ES324684A1 (en) |
FI (1) | FI49366C (en) |
GB (1) | GB1123993A (en) |
LU (1) | LU50733A1 (en) |
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SE (1) | SE331194B (en) |
Families Citing this family (26)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3577839A (en) * | 1968-06-27 | 1971-05-11 | Sherwin Williams Co | Brush and brush material |
US3597887A (en) * | 1970-07-01 | 1971-08-10 | F L & J C Godman Co | Resilient abrasion |
CA1260717A (en) * | 1984-08-29 | 1989-09-26 | Clarence I. Steinback | Abrasive surfacing machine |
ES2123772T3 (en) * | 1993-03-12 | 1999-01-16 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | METHOD AND ARTICLE TO POLISH STONE. |
DE69326774T2 (en) * | 1993-06-02 | 2000-06-21 | Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. | GRINDING BELT AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
US5346516A (en) * | 1993-09-16 | 1994-09-13 | Tepco, Ltd. | Non-woven abrasive material containing hydrogenated vegetable oils |
US5591239A (en) * | 1994-08-30 | 1997-01-07 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Nonwoven abrasive article and method of making same |
WO1997042003A1 (en) * | 1996-05-03 | 1997-11-13 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Method and apparatus for manufacturing abrasive articles |
WO1997042005A1 (en) * | 1996-05-03 | 1997-11-13 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Nonwoven abrasive articles |
WO1997042004A1 (en) * | 1996-05-03 | 1997-11-13 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Method of making a porous abrasive article |
US5876268A (en) * | 1997-01-03 | 1999-03-02 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Method and article for the production of optical quality surfaces on glass |
US5910471A (en) * | 1997-03-07 | 1999-06-08 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Abrasive article for providing a clear surface finish on glass |
US6231629B1 (en) | 1997-03-07 | 2001-05-15 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive article for providing a clear surface finish on glass |
US5888119A (en) * | 1997-03-07 | 1999-03-30 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Method for providing a clear surface finish on glass |
US5849051A (en) * | 1997-11-12 | 1998-12-15 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Abrasive foam article and method of making same |
US6239049B1 (en) | 1998-12-22 | 2001-05-29 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Aminoplast resin/thermoplastic polyamide presize coatings for abrasive article backings |
US6302930B1 (en) | 1999-01-15 | 2001-10-16 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Durable nonwoven abrasive product |
US20070026754A1 (en) * | 2003-04-25 | 2007-02-01 | Carmen Martin Rivera | Scouring material |
BRPI0409667B1 (en) * | 2003-04-25 | 2014-06-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Co | Scrubbing material and method for making the same |
GB0818186D0 (en) * | 2008-10-06 | 2008-11-12 | 3M Innovative Properties Co | Scouring material comprising natural fibres |
EP2461944A4 (en) * | 2009-08-03 | 2017-12-13 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive tool having a particular porosity variation |
EP2461943B1 (en) * | 2009-08-03 | 2018-10-03 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive tool having controlled porosity distribution |
WO2012068082A1 (en) * | 2010-11-18 | 2012-05-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Convolute abrasive wheel and method of making |
JP6425541B2 (en) | 2011-07-07 | 2018-11-21 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | Article comprising multicomponent fibers and hollow ceramic microspheres, and methods of making and using the same |
JP2014525952A (en) * | 2011-07-07 | 2014-10-02 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | Articles containing multicomponent fibers and particles, and methods for making and using the same |
EP3162502A1 (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2017-05-03 | VSM. Vereinigte Schmirgel- Und Maschinen-Fabriken AG | Non-woven abrasive and method for its manufacture |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US2852477A (en) * | 1955-06-29 | 1958-09-16 | Johnson & Son Inc S C | Compositions of polyamides and polyepoxide polyesters |
DE1694594C3 (en) * | 1960-01-11 | 1975-05-28 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Co., Saint Paul, Minn. (V.St.A.) | Cleaning and polishing media |
US3102010A (en) * | 1958-04-10 | 1963-08-27 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Durable rotative abrasive structure and method of making the same |
BE585496A (en) * | 1958-12-12 | |||
US3246969A (en) * | 1959-10-07 | 1966-04-19 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Abrasive coated backing of linear polymono-alpha-olefinic hydrocarbon |
US3020139A (en) * | 1960-04-18 | 1962-02-06 | Norton Co | Abrasive product |
US3175331A (en) * | 1964-07-13 | 1965-03-30 | Union Carbide Corp | Cleaning and scouring pad |
US3147575A (en) * | 1963-02-08 | 1964-09-08 | Armour & Co | Floor pad |
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1965
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1966
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- 1966-03-22 LU LU50733A patent/LU50733A1/xx unknown
- 1966-03-23 CH CH415466A patent/CH444702A/en unknown
- 1966-03-23 FI FI660746A patent/FI49366C/en active
- 1966-03-25 GB GB13368/66A patent/GB1123993A/en not_active Expired
- 1966-03-25 BE BE678427D patent/BE678427A/xx unknown
- 1966-03-25 ES ES0324684A patent/ES324684A1/en not_active Expired
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US3401491A (en) | 1968-09-17 |
FI49366B (en) | 1975-02-28 |
FI49366C (en) | 1975-06-10 |
DE1577565A1 (en) | 1970-03-12 |
LU50733A1 (en) | 1966-06-30 |
GB1123993A (en) | 1968-08-14 |
ES324684A1 (en) | 1967-02-16 |
BE678427A (en) | 1966-09-01 |
CH444702A (en) | 1967-09-30 |
SE331194B (en) | 1970-12-14 |
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