MXPA99011375A - Spectral catalysts - Google Patents

Abstract

A wide variety of reactions can be advantageously affected and directed by a spectral catalyst which duplicates the electromagnetic energy spectral pattern of a physical catalyst and when applied to a reaction system transfers a quanta of energy in the form of electromagnetic energy to control and/or promote the reaction system. The spectral catalysts utilized in this invention can replace and/or augment the energy normally provided to the reaction system by a physical catalyst. A spectral catalyst may also act as both a positive catalyst to increase the rate of a reaction or as a negative catalyst to decrease the rate of reaction.

Description

SPECTRAL CATALYSTS CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED REQUEST This application claims the benefit of the provisional patent application of the US. Serial No. 60 / 049,910 filed on June 18, 1997. TECHNICAL FIELD This invention relates to a novel method for controlling and / or directing a chemical reaction by exposing the reaction system to a frequency or frequencies of electromagnetic energy that duplicate the spectral pattern of a physical catalyst. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION A chemical reaction can be activated or promoted either by the addition of energy to the reaction medium in the form of thermal and electromagnetic energy or by energy transfer through a physical catalyst. None of these methods are energy efficient and can produce either unwanted by-products, decomposition of the necessary transition state or insufficient quantities of preferred products. In general it is true that chemical reactions occur as a result of collisions between the reactant molecules. In terms of the theory of chemical kinetic collisions, it is expected that the speed of a reaction is directly proportional to the number of molecular collisions per second or to the frequency of molecular collisions: Speed ° = No. of collisions / se. This simple relationship explains the dependence of the reaction rates of concentration.

Additionally, with few exceptions, reaction rates increase with increasing temperature due to increased collisions. The dependence of the velocity constant k of a reaction can be expressed by the following equation, known as the Arrhenius equation: k = Ae-Ea / RT where Ea is the activation energy of the reaction which is the minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction, R is the gas constant, T is the absolute temperature and the base of the natural logarithmic scale. The quantity A represents the frequency of collisions and shows that the speed constant is directly proportional to A and therefore to the frequency of collisions. In addition due to the minus sign associated with the exponent Ea / RT, the velocity constant decreases with increased activation energy and increases with increasing temperature.

Normally, only a small fraction of the molecules in collision, the fastest moving ones have enough kinetic energy to exceed the activation energy, therefore the increase in the speed constant k can now be explained with the increase of temperature. Since more high energy molecules are present at a higher temperature, the rate of product formation is also higher at higher temperature. But with increased temperatures there are a number of problems that are introduced into the reaction system. With thermal excitation other competitive processes, such as bond break or bond break, can occur before the desired energy state is reached. Also, there are a number of decomposition products that often produce fragments that are extremely reactive, but are of such a short duration due to their thermodynamic instability that a preferred reaction can be damped in. Radiant energy or light is another form of radiation. energy that can be added to the reaction medium without the negative side effects of thermal energy.

Addition of energy - radiant to a system produces molecules "^ 'electronically excited-which are-capable of sometexse chemical reactions.

A molecule in which all electrons are in stable orbitals is said to be in the electronic basal state. These orbitals can be either union or non-union. If a photon of the right energy collides with the molecule, that is, the photon is absorbed and one of the electrons can be promoted to an unoccupied orbital of higher energy. Electronic excitation results in spatial redistribution of val- netic electrons with concomitant changes in internuclear configurations. Since chemical reactions are controlled in a greater proportion by these factors, an electronically excited molecule undergoes a reaction - chemistry that may be distinctly different from those of its basal state counterparts. "The energy of a photon is defined in terms of its frequency or wavelength, - = hv = hc / A where E is the energy; h is the Plank constant, 6.6 x 10"34 J. seconds, v is the frequency of the radiation, seconds" 1; c is the speed of light; Y ? is the wavelength of the radiation. When a photon is absorbed, all its energy is imparted to the absorption species. The primary act after absorption depends on the wavelength of the incident light. Photochemistry studies photons whose energies are in the ultraviolet region (100 to 4000 angstroms) and the visible region (4000 to 7000 angstroms) of the electromagnetic spectrum. These photons are primarily a cause of electronically excited molecules. Since the molecules are intuited with electronic energy before absorption of light, reactions of surfaces of potential energy totally different from those found in thermally excited systems occur. However, there are several disadvantages of using the known techniques of photochemistry, which are, to use a wide band of frequencies, in this way causing unwanted side reactions, undue experimentation and poor quantum performance. A catalyst is a substance that alters the reaction rate of a chemical reaction without appearing in the final product. It is known that some reactions can be accelerated or controlled by the presence of substances that remain unchanged after the reaction has ended. By increasing the speed of a desired reaction with respect to undesired reactions, the formation of a desired product can be maximized in comparison with undesired by-products. Often, only a trace of catalyst is necessary to accelerate the reaction. Also, it has been observed that some substances that if they are added in quantities in traces can slow the speed of a reaction. This is seen as the inverse of catalysis and in fact, substances that slow down a reaction rate have been called negative catalysts. Known catalysts pass through a cycle where they are used and regenerated, so that they can be used again and again. A catalyst operates by providing another path for the reaction that may have a higher reaction rate or a slower rate than that available in the absence of the catalyst. At the end of the reaction, because the catalyst can be recovered, it appears that the catalyst is not involved in the reaction. But the catalyst must take part in the reaction or otherwise the speed of the reaction will not change. The catalytic act can be represented by five essential stages: 1.- Diffusion to the catalytic site (reactive). 2. - Formation of union in the catalytic site -._ -. (Reactive). -_. 3.- Reaction of the catalyst-reactive complex. 4. - Ruptures of union in the catalytic site (product). 5.- Diffusion away from the catalytic site (product).

The exact mechanisms of catalytic actions are unknown but can accelerate a reaction that would otherwise take place very slowly to be practical. There are a number of problems involved with known industrial catalysts: first, the catalysts not only lose their efficiency but also their selectivity, which can occur due to overheating or contamination of the catalyst; in the second, many catalysts include expensive metals such as platinum or silver and have only a limited shelf life, some are difficult to rejuvenate and precious metals are not easily recycled. According to this, what is required is a method to * catalyze a chemical reaction, without the disadvantages of known physical catalysts and with greater specificity than the known thermal and electromagnetic radiation methods. COMPENDIUM OF THE INVENTION TERMS For purposes of this invention, the terms and expressions that follow in the specification of claims are intended to have the following meanings: "Spectral pattern" as used herein, means a pattern formed by one or more electromagnetic frequencies emitted or absorbed after excitation of an atom or molecule. "Catalytic spectral pattern" as used here, it means a spectral pattern of a physical catalyst that when applied to a chemical reaction system in the form of a beam or field, can catalyze a chemical reaction by the following: a) It completely replaces a physical chemical catalyst; b) Acts in unison with a chemical physical catalyst, to increase the reaction rate; c) Reduce the reaction rate by acting as a negative catalyst; or d) Alter the trajectory of a reaction for the formation of a specific product. "Spectral catalyst" as used herein means electromagnetic energy that acts as a catalyst that has a catalytic spectral pattern that affects, controls or directs a -chemical reaction. "Frequency" as used herein, includes the exact frequency or a substantially similar frequency. The objective of this invention is to control or direct a chemical reaction by applying electromagnetic energy in the form of a spectral catalyst having at least one frequency of electromagnetic energy that can initiate, activate, or affect the reagents involved in the chemical reaction. In this aspect it is a main object of the present invention to provide an efficient, selective and economical process for replacing and / or increasing a known physical catalyst in a chemical reaction comprising the steps of: a) Duplicating at least one frequency of a spectral pattern of a physical catalyst; and b) Expose the reaction system at least at a frequency of the physical catalyst spectral pattern. It is also an object of the present invention to provide a method for replacing a physical catalyst in a chemical reaction system with a catalyst, comprising the steps of: a) determining an electromagnetic spectral pattern of the physical catalyst; and b) Duplicate at least one frequency of the electromagnetic spectral pattern of the physical catalyst, with at least one source emitting electromagnetic energy; and c) Expose the chemical reaction system at least to a frequency of the electromagnetic spectral pattern in sufficient quantity and duration to catalyze the chemical reaction.

A further objective of this invention is to provide a method for effecting and directing a chemical reaction system with a spectral catalyst by increasing a physical catalyst comprising the steps of: a) Duplicating at least one frequency of a spectral pattern of the physical catalyst with minus a source emitting electromagnetic energy; b) Irradiate the chemical reaction system with at least one frequency of the duplicated electromagnetic spectral pattern that has a range of frequencies from about radio frequencies to about ultraviolet frequencies by enough radiation to catalyze the chemical reaction; and c) Introduce the physical catalyst to the reaction system. The above method can be practiced by introducing the physical catalyst into the reaction system before, and / or during and / or after the irradiation of the reaction system with the electromagnetic spectral pattern of the physical catalyst or the reaction system can be exposed to the catalysts physical and spectral simultaneously. It should be known that: A still further objective of this invention is to provide a method for effecting and directing a reaction system with a spectral catalyst comprising the steps of: a) determining an electromagnetic spectral pattern to initiate a reagent in the chemical reaction system; b) Determine an electromagnetic spectral pattern for final product in the chemical reaction system; c) Calculate an additive electromagnetic spectral pattern from the reagent and spectral product pattern to determine a catalytic spectral pattern; d) Generate at least one frequency of the catalytic spectral pattern; and e) Irradiate the reaction system with at least one frequency of the catalytic spectral pattern. The specific physical catalysts that can be replaced or increased in the present invention can include any solid, liquid or gas catalyst and have either homogeneous or heterogeneous catalytic activity. A homogeneous catalyst is defined as a catalyst whose molecules are dispersed in the same phase as the reactant chemicals. A heterogeneous catalyst is defined as one whose molecules are not in the same phase as the reactants. In addition, enzymes that are considered biological catalysts will have to be included in the present invention. Some examples of catalysts that can be replaced or augmented comprise both elemental and molecular catalysts, including but not limited to, metals, such as silver, platinum, nickel, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium and iron; oxides and sulphides of semiconductor metals, such as NiO, ZnO, MgO, Bi203 / Mo03, Ti02, SrTi03, CdS, CdSe, SiC, GaP, 02, and Mg03; copper sulfate, insulating oxides, such as Al203, SiO2 and MgO; and Ziegler Natta catalysts, such as titanium tetrachloride and trialkyl aluminum. While not wishing to be bound by any particular theory of operation, it is considered that a physical catalyst provides the necessary activation energy to the system that initiates and / or promotes the reaction to form the intermediates and / or final products. Accordingly, it has now been discovered that a physical catalyst can be replaced by duplicating its spectral pattern and by exposing the reaction system to electromagnetic energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation. The how many of energy, * which have a specific frequency or frequencies, can be determined by spectroscopic methods and supplied to the reaction system by irradiation of any means to generate electromagnetic energy.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED MODALITY A wide variety of reactions can be carried out and advantageously conducted with the aid of a spectral catalyst that has a specific electromagnetic spectral pattern that transfers a certain amount of pre-determined energy to initiate, control and / or promote a system of reaction. The spectral catalyst used in this invention can replace and provide the additional energy that is normally supplied by a physical catalyst. The spectral catalyst can act both as a positive catalyst to increase the speed of a reaction and as a negative catalyst to decrease the reaction rate. In addition, the spectral catalyst can increase a physical chemical catalyst by using both in a reaction system. The spectral catalyst can improve the activity of a chemical catalyst and can eliminate the high temperature and pressure requirements of many reactions. Also, the spectral catalyst can simply replace a specific amount of the chemical catalyst, thereby reducing the high cost of physical catalysts in many industrial reactions. In the present invention, the spectral catalyst provides electromagnetic radiation comprising a specific frequency or frequencies in a sufficient amount for a duration sufficient to initiate and / or promote a chemical reaction. With the absorption of electromagnetic energy from a spectral catalyst, a chemical reaction can proceed through one or several pathways, including: transfer of energy that can excite electrons to higher energy states for the start of the chemical reaction; ionize or dissociate reagents that can participate in a chemical reaction; stabilize final products; and energize or stabilize intermediaries involved in a chemical reaction. If a chemical reagent provides at least one "A" reagent to be converted to at least one "B" product, a physical "C" catalyst may be employed. In contrast, the spectral pattern of catalyst "C" can be applied in the form of a field or electromagnetic beam to catalyze the reaction. C A? B Substances A and B = unknown frequencies and C = 30 Hz; By . therefore, the substance A + 30 Hz? substance B. In the present invention, the electromagnetic spectral pattern of the catalytic agent "C" can be determined by known spectroscopy methods.

Using spectroscopic instrumentation, the electromagnetic spectral pattern of the physical catalyst agent is preferably determined under conditions that approximate those that occur in the chemical reaction using the physical catalyst. Spectroscopy is a process in which energy differences between the tolerated states of the system are measured by determining the frequencies of the corresponding electromagnetic energy that is absorbed or emitted. Spectroscopy in general deals with the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter . When photons interact with atoms or molecules, changes in the properties of atoms and molecules are observed. Atoms and molecules are associated with several different types of movement. The whole molecule rotates, the unions vibrate and even the electrons move, although it is so fast that in general we only deal with electron density distributions. Each of these types of movement is quantified. That is, the atom or molecule can exist only in different states that correspond to discrete energy contents. The difference in energy between different quantum states depends on the type of movement involved. In this way, the wavelength of energy required to carry a transition is different for the different types of motion. This is, each type of motion corresponds to the absorption of energy in different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum and different spectroscopic instrumentation can be required by each spectral region. The total motion energy of an atom or molecule can be considered as at least the sum of its electronic energies, rotational and vibrational. In both emission and absorption spectra, the relationship between the change of energy in the atom or molecule and the frequency of the electromagnetic energy emitted or absorbed, is given by the condition of so-called Bohr frequency:? E = Inven where H is the Plank constant, v is the frequency y? it is the difference of energies in the final and initial states. The electronic spectra are the result of electrons that move from one level of electronic energy to another in an atom or molecule. A spectral pattern of molecular physical catalyst not only includes transitions of electronic energy but can also involve transitions between levels of rotational and vibrational energy. As a result, the spectra of the molecules are much more complicated than those of the atoms. The main changes observed in atoms or molecules after interaction with protons include excitation, ionization and / or breakdown of chemical bonds, all of which can be measured and quantified by spectroscopic methods including absorption or emission spectroscopy that gives the same information regarding a separation of energy levels. In emission spectroscopy, when an atom or molecule is subjected to a flame or electric shock, they can absorb energy and become "excited". On their return to their "normal" state, they can emit radiation. This emission is the result of a transition of the atom or molecule from a state of high energy or "excited" to one of a lower state. The energy lost in the transition is emitted in the form of electromagnetic energy. "Excited" atoms usually produce line spectra while "excited" molecules tend to produce band spectra. In absorption spectroscopy, the absorption of almost monochromatic incident radiation is verified as it is swept over a range of frequencies. During the absorption process, atoms or molecules pass from a low energy state to a high energy state. Energy changes produced by absorption of electromagnetic energy only occur in integral multiples of a unit amount of energy called a how much, which is characteristic of each of the absorbing species. The absorption spectra can be classified into four types: rotational, rotation-vibration, vibrational and electronic. The rotational spectrum of a molecule is associated with changes that occur in the rotational states of the molecule. The energies of the rotational states only differ by a relatively small amount and therefore the frequency of light that is necessary to effect a change in the rotational levels is very small and the wavelength of the electromagnetic energy is very large. The energy spacing of the molecular rotational states depends on the distances and angles of union or bonding. Pure rotational spectra are observed in the far infrared and microwave and radio regions (see Table 1). Rotational-vibrational spectra are associated with transitions where the vibration states of the molecule are altered and may be accompanied by changes in rotational states. Absorption occurs at larger frequencies or shorter wavelengths and usually occurs in the middle of the infrared region (see Table 1). Vibrational spectra of different levels of vibrational energy occur due to bending and stretching of the links. A stretching vibration involves a change in the interatomic distance on the axis of the bond between two atoms. Bending vibrations are characterized by a change in the angle between two links. The vibrational spectra of a molecule are in the near infrared range. Electronic spectra are of transitions between electronic states for atoms and molecules accompanied by simultaneous changes in the rotational and vibrational states in the molecules. Relatively large energy differences are involved, and therefore absorption occurs at rather large frequencies or relatively short wavelengths. Electronic states other than atoms or molecules correspond to energies in the infrared, visible ultraviolet or X-ray region of the electromagnetic spectrum (see Table 1). TABLE 1 Electromagnetic radiation as a form of energy can be absorbed or emitted, and therefore very different types of spectroscopy can be employed in the present invention, to determine the spectral pattern of the physical catalyst including but not limited to, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared , microwave, atomic absorption, flame emission, atomic emissions, inductively coupled plasma, argon CD plasma, emission of arc sources, emission of spark sources, high resolution laser, radio, Raman and similar. In order to study electronic transitions, the material to be studied may need to be heated at a high temperature such as in a flame where the molecules are atomized and excited. Another very effective way to atomize gases is the use of gas discharges. When a gas is placed between charged electrodes causing an electric field, electrons are released from the electrodes and from the gas atoms themselves. These electrons will collide or collide with gas atoms that will atomize, excite or ionize. When using high frequency fields it is possible to induce gas discharges without using electrodes. By varying the field strength, the excitation energy can be varied. In the case of a solid material, excitation by electric spark or arc can be employed. In the spark or arc, the material to be analyzed evaporates and the atoms are excited. The basic scheme of an emission spectrophotometer includes a purified silica cell containing the sample to be excited. The basic scheme of an emission spectrophotometer includes a purified silica cell containing the sample to be excited. The radiation of the sample passes through a slot and is separated in a spectrum by a scattering element. The spectral pattern can be detected on a screen, photographic film or by a detector. An atom will primarily absorb electromagnetic energy at the same frequencies that it emits. Absorption measurements are often made in such a way that the electromagnetic radiation that is emitted from a source passes through a wavelength limiting device, and hits the physical catalyst sample that is contained in a cell. When a beam of white light passes through a material, selected frequencies of the beam are absorbed. Electromagnetic radiation that is not absorbed by the physical catalyst passes through the cell and strikes a detector. When the remaining beam is dispersed in a spectrum, the frequencies that were absorbed are shown as dark lines in the spectrum of another continuous form. The position of these dark lines corresponds exactly to the positions of lines in an emission spectrum of the same molecule or atom. Both emission and absorption spectrophotometers are available through regular commercial channels. After determining the electromagnetic spectral pattern of the physical catalyst agent, the spectral pattern can be duplicated and applied to the chemical reaction system. Any generator of one or more frequencies within an approximate acceptable frequency range of electromagnetic radiation can be used in the present invention. When one or more frequencies are duplicated in a catalyst spectrum, it is not necessary to duplicate the frequency exactly. For example, the effect achieved by a frequency of 1000 Thz can also be achieved by a frequency very close to it, such as 1,001 or 999 Thz. In this way, there will be a range above and below each exact frequency that will also catalyze a reaction. In addition harmonics of spectral catalyst frequencies both above and below the exact frequency, will cause sympathetic resonance with the exact frequency and catalyze the reaction. Finally, it is possible to catalyze reactions by duplicating one or more of the mechanisms of action of the exact frequency, instead of using the exact frequency itself. For example, platinum catalyzes the formation of water from hydrogen and oxygen in part by energizing the hydroxyl radical at its frequency of approximately 1060 Thz. The reaction can also be catalyzed by energizing the hydroxy radical with its microwave frequency, thus doubling the mechanism of action of platinum. A source emitting electromagnetic radiation should have the following characteristics: High intensity of the desired wavelengths, long service life, stability and the ability to emit electromagnetic energy in a pulsed and / or continuous mode. Sources of irradiation may include, but are not limited to, arc lamps, such as xenon arc, hydrogen and deuterium, krypton arc, high pressure mercury, platinum, silver; plasma arcs, discharge lamps such as As, Bi, Cd, Cs, Ge, Hg, K, P, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, Sn, Ti, Ti and Zn; hollow cathode lamps, either single or multiple elements such as Cu, Pt and Ag; emissions of coherent electromagnetic energy and sunlight, such as masers and lasers. The masers are devices that amplify or generate waves of electromagnetic energy with great stability and precision. Masers operate on the same principle as lasers but produce electromagnetic energy in the radio and microwave range instead of the visible range of the spectrum. In masers, electromagnetic energy is produced by the transition of molecules between levels of rotational energy. Lasers are sources of powerful coherent potons that produce a beam of photons that have the same frequency, phase and direction, this is a beam of photons that travel exactly the same. The predetermined spectral pattern of the physical catalyst can be generated by a series or grouping of lasers that produce the required frequencies. Any laser capable of emitting the necessary electromagnetic radiation with a frequency or frequencies of the spectral catalyst can be used in the present invention. Lasers are available for use across a large part of the spectral range. They can be operated in either a continuous or pulsed mode. Lasers that emit lines and lasers that emit a continuum can be employed in the present invention. Line sources can include ion-argon lasers, ruby lasers, nitrogen lasers, Nd: Yag lasers, carbon dioxide lasers, carbon monoxide lasers and carbon dioxide-nitrous oxide lasers. In addition to the spectral lines that are emitted by lasers, several other lines are available by addition or subtraction in a crystal of the frequency emitted by a laser to or from that emitted by another laser. Devices that combine frequencies and may be employed in the present invention include difference frequency generators and sum frequency mixers. Other lasers that may be employed in this invention include but are not limited to crystals such as A1203 adulterated with Cr3 +, Y3A15012 adulterated with Nd3 +; gas such as He-Ne, ion Kr; glass, chemicals such as HCl and HF excited vibrationally; dye such as RhodaminedG in methanol; and semiconductor lasers such as G ^ Aljs. Many models can be adjusted to different frequency ranges, thus providing several different frequencies of an instrument and applying to the reaction system (see Table 2). TABLE 2 The coherent light from a single laser or a series of lasers is simply brought to focus in the region where the reaction will take place. The light source should be close enough to avoid a "dead space" where the light does not reach the reagent, but far enough to ensure complete incident light absorption. Since ultraviolet sources generate heat, they may need to be cooled to maintain efficient operation. The time of radiation that causes excitation of the reagents, will be adjusted individually for each reaction: some short term for a continuous reaction with great surface exposure to the light source or long contact time of light for other systems. A further objective of this invention is to provide electromagnetic energy to the reaction system by applying a determined spectral pattern and calculated by a waveform analysis of the spectral patterns of the reactants and the products. This catalytic spectral pattern will act as a spectral catalyst to generate a preferred chemical reaction. In basic terms, spectroscopic data for identified substances can be used to perform a simple waveform calculation to arrive at the correct electromagnetic energy frequency required to catalyze a reaction.

C A? B Substance A = 50 Hz and Substance B = 80 Hz 80 Hz - 50 Hz = 30 Hz: Therefore, Substance A plus 30 Hz? Substance B.

The spectral patterns of both the reagent and the product can be determined. This can be achieved by the previously mentioned spectro-chemical means. Once the spectral patterns are determined with the specific frequency (s) of the interaction of the substance with electromagnetic radiation, the spectral patterns of the spectral catalyst can be determined. Using the spectral patterns of the reactants and products, the difference in energy between the reactants and products can be determined by calculating the waveform analysis and the calculated spectral pattern is applied to the system to catalyze the reaction. The specific frequencies or frequencies of the spectral pattern will provide a necessary energy supply to the system to effect and initiate a chemical reaction. Performing the calculation of waveform analysis to reach the correct electromagnetic energy frequencies can be achieved by using complex algebra, Fourier transformation or avelet transforms that are available through commercial channels under the brand Mathematica ™ and supplied by Wolfram. , Co. The spectral pattern of the physical catalyst can be generated and applied to the reaction system by the emitting sources of electromagnetic radiation defined and explained previously. The use of a spectral catalyst can be applicable in very different areas of technology ranging from biochemical processes to industrial reactions. The most surprising catalysts are enzymes that catalyze the multitudinous reactions in living organisms. Of all the intricate processes that have evolved in living systems, none is more surprising or more essential than the catalysis of enzymes. The surprising fact about enzymes is that they can only increase the speed of chemical reactions by reactors in the range of 106 to 10Y but they are also highly specific. An enzyme acts only on certain molecules while leaving the rest of the system unaffected. Some have been found to have a high degree of specificity while others can catalyze a number of reactions. If a biological reaction can be catalyzed by only one enzyme then the loss of activity or reduced activity of that enzyme can greatly inhibit the specific reaction and can be harmful to a living organism. If this situation occurs, the spectral pattern can be determined for the exact mechanism or enzyme, then genetic deficiencies can be increased by providing the catalytic spectral pattern to replace the enzyme. One of the objects of this invention is to provide the same or energy frequencies in the form of a spectral catalyst that is transferred by an enzyme. The invention will be perceived more clearly and will be better understood from the following specific examples. EXAMPLE 1 H2 + 02 > > > > > > platinum catalyst > > > > > > H20 Water can be produced by the method of contacting H2 and Oz in a physical platinum catalyst, but there is always the possibility of producing a potentially dangerous explosive hazard. This experiment replaces the physical platinum catalyst with a spectral catalyst comprising the spectral pattern of the physical platinum catalyst. To demonstrate that oxygen and hydrogen can be combined to form water using a spectral catalyst, water electrolysis is performed to provide the reactive or starting oxygen and hydrogen gases needed. A three-necked flask is fitted with two (2) rubber plugs in the outer collars, each adapted with platinum electrodes circumscribed in glass. The flask is filled with distilled water and a pinch of salt. The central neck is connected by a rubber plug to a vacuum pipe, which leads to a Drierite column to remove any gas from the gases produced. After vacuum removal of all gases in the system, electrolysis is conducted using a 12 UV power source connected to the two electrodes. Electrolysis begins with the subsequent production of hydrogen and oxygen gases. Gases pass through the Drierite column through vacuum tubing connected to positive and negative pressure gauges in a sealed round quartz flask. A piece of paper containing dry cobalt "is placed on the bottom of the sealed flask.Cobalt paper is used because it turns pink in the presence of water and blue when there is no water present." Initially, the cobalt paper was blue The traditional physical platinum catalyst was replaced by platinum emissions of the spectral catalyst from a Fisher Scientific hollow cathode platinum lamp that was placed approximately 2 cm from the flask.This allowed the oxygen and hydrogen gases in the round quartz flask It will be irradiated with spectral catalyst emissions.A Cathodeon Supply C610 hollow cathode lamp is used to energize the Pt lamp at 80% maximum current (12 mA) .The reaction flask was cooled under dry ice in a foam container. styrene placed directly under the round quartz flask, thus avoiding any possible heat catalysis.The Pt lamp was switched on and After two to three days of radiation, a noticeable pink color was evident on the cobalt paper strip, indicating the presence of water in the round quartz flask. A similar cobalt test strip exposed to the ambient area in the lab remained blue. Over the next four or five days with continuous spectral catalyst application, the pink area on the cobalt strip became brighter and larger. At the end of the experiment the lamp went out but the system remained connected. During the next four or five days, the pink area dissipated slowly, indicating that any water produced by the flask escaped slowly and that the water produced was due to the reaction catalyzed by the platinum lamp and not the ambient humidity in the flask . Upon interruption of the Pt emission, H20 was diffused by diffusion of the cobalt strip to be collected in the Drierite column and the pink coloration of the cobalt strip vanished. EXAMPLE 2 H202 > > > > > > platinum catalyst > > > > > > H20 + 02 The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is an extremely slow reaction in the absence of catalysts. Accordingly, an experiment was conducted to show that the physical catalyst, finely divided platinum, could be displaced with the spectral catalyst having the spectral pattern of platinum. Hydrogen peroxide was placed in two quartz tubes with threaded union. Both quartz tubes were inverted in a flask container filled with hydrogen peroxide and protected with cardboard wrapped in thin aluminum foil to block the incident light. One of the wrapped tubes was used as a control. The other quartz tube configuration was exposed to a Fisher Scientific hollow cathode lamp for platinum (Pt), using a Cathodeon Supply C610 hollow cathode lamp, at 80% maximum current (12 mA) for 24 to 96 hours. This tube configuration was verified for increases in temperature to ensure that any reaction was not due to thermal effects. A large bubble of 02 formed in the threaded union of the tube exposed to the Pt spectral pattern but not in the control tube. As a negative control to confirm that no lamp would have caused the same result, the experiment was repeated with a Na lamp. (Na in the traditional reaction would be a reagent with hydrogen gas that releases water, not a decomposition catalyst of hydrogen peroxide). The results did not show large bubble formation as with -the spectral pattern of Pt emission. This indicated that while the spectral emis- sions can substitute catalysts, they can not yet replace reagents. He also indicated that the simple effect of using a hollow cathode tube that emits heat and energy in hydrogen peroxide was not the cause of gas bubble formation, but rather the spectral pattern of Pt that replaces the physical catalyst it provoked the reaction. EXAMPLE 3 It is well known that certain susceptible organisms have a toxic reaction to silver (such as E. coli, Strep. Pneumoniae or Staph. Aureus.) In this regard, an experiment was conducted to show that the spectral catalyst that emits the spectrum of silver showed a similar effect in these organisms.

E. coli wild, Strep. wild pneumoniae, Staph. wild aureus and wild Salmonella typhi bacteria were coated on standard growth media in separate Petri dishes. Each plate was placed at the bottom of an exposure chamber. A sheet of cardboard covered with a thin metal sheet with a pattern-shaped groove was placed on each culture plate. A Fisher Scientific hollow cathode lamp for silver (Ag) was inserted through the cap of the exposure chamber such that the spectral emission pattern of the silver irradiated the bacteria in the culture plate. A Cathodeon hollow cathode lamp supplying C610 is used to enrgizar the lamp of Ag to 80% in maximum current (3.6 mAmps). The culture plate was exposed to Ag emission for 12 to 24 hours and then the plates were incubated using standard techniques. There was no growth of bacteria in the slot section in pattern exposed to the emission of silver for E. coli, wild, Strep. wild pneumoniae, Staph. Wild aureus. Wild Salmonella showed growth inhibition. EXAMPLE 4 To further demonstrate that certain susceptible organisms that have a toxic silver reaction had a similar reaction to the spectral catalyst that emits the silver spectrum. Cultures of the American Type Culture (ATTC = American Type Cultivation Collection) were obtained, which include Escheri chia coli # 25922, Klebsiella pneumonia, sub sp Pneumonia, # 13883. The organisms were coated on a standard growth medium in a Petri dish. The plate was placed at the bottom of an exposure chamber such as the bottom of a coffee can. A Fisher Scientific hollow cathode lamp for silver (Ag) is inserted through the lid (coffee cap covered with thin aluminum foil) of the exposure chamber, so that the spectral emission pattern of the silver will shine on the culture plate. A Cathodeon supply C610 hollow cathode lamp is used to power the Ag lamp at 80% maximum current (3.6 mA). The culture plate was exposed to Ag emission for 12 to 24 hours and then incubated using standard techniques. Plates were examined using a binocular microscope. -. coli, exhibited moderate resistance to the bactericidal effects of spectral silver emission, while Kl ebsiella exhibited moderate sensitivity. To demonstrate a similar result using the physical silver catalyst, a colloidal silver solution was prepared at 80 ppm using 5 ce of 0.9% sterile saline and distilled water. Sterile test discs for antibiotic tests were soaked in the colloidal silver solution. Again the same organisms were coated for cultures of material on standard growth media in a Petri dish. Colloidal silver test discs were placed on each plate and plates were incubated using standard techniques. He --. Coli again exhibited moderate resistance but this time to the bactericidal effects of physical colloidal silver, while Klebsiella again exhibited moderate sensitivity. EXAMPLE 5 To demonstrate that oxygen and hydrogen can be combined to form water using a spectral catalyst to augment a physical catalyst, water electrolysis was performed to provide the necessary oxygen and hydrogen starting gases as in Example 1. Two quartz flasks ( A and B) were connected to the electrolysis system, each with its own set of vacuum and pressure gauges. Platinum powder (31 mg) was placed in each flask. The flasks were filled with H2 and 02 at 120 mm Hg, and the pressure in each flask was recorded as the reaction proceeded. Additionally, the test was repeated by filling each flask with H2 and 02 at 220 mm Hg. The catalysis of the reaction by the physical catalyst only produced baseline reaction curves.

Traditional physical platinum catalyst was increased with spectral catalyst platinum emissions from 2 (two) Fisher Scientific hollow cathode platinum lamps as in Example 1, which were placed 2 cm from flask A. This allowed the oxygen and hydrogen gases as well as the physical platinum catalyst to be irradiated with spectral catalyst emissions. The reaction rate as measured by decrease in pressure and after controlling the temperature, increased up to 70% over the baseline rate, with an average increase in the reaction rate of approximately 60%.

Claims (1)

1. CLAIMS 1.- A method for replacing a physical catalyst in a chemical reaction system with a spectral catalyst, characterized by the steps comprising: a) determining an electromagnetic spectral pattern of the physical catalyst; b) doubling at least one frequency of the electromagnetic spectral pattern of the physical catalyst with at least one source emitting electromagnetic energy; and c) irradiating the chemical reaction system with at least one frequency of the electromagnetic spectral pattern duplicated in an amount sufficient to catalyze the chemical reaction. 2. - The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the physical catalyst is a member selected from the group consisting of metal, metal oxides and metal sulfide. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the electromagnetic energy has a frequency range of approximately radio frequency to approximately ultraviolet frequency. 4. - The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the physical catalyst is a member selected from the group consisting of silver, platinum, platinum oxide, nickel, palladium, rhodium, copper, ruthenium and iron. 5. - The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the physical catalyst is Ag. 6. - The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the electromagnetic energy has a frequency in the range of approximately infrared to approximately ultraviolet. 7. - The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the source emitting electromagnetic energy is a member selected from the group consisting of a hollow cathode tube of Ag and at least one laser. 8. - The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the physical catalyst is an enzyme. 9. - The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the electromagnetic spectral pattern is determined by spectroscopy methods. 10. Method for increasing a physical catalyst in a chemical reaction system with a spectral catalyst, characterized by the steps comprising: a) determining an electromagnetic spectral pattern of the physical catalyst; b) doubling at least one frequency of the electromagnetic spectral pattern of step a), with at least one source emitting electromagnetic energy; c) Expose the chemical reaction system at least at a frequency of the duplicated electromagnetic spectral pattern, thus increasing the physical catalyst. 11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the physical catalyst is a member selected from the group consisting of metals, metal oxides and metal sulphides. 12. - The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the electromagnetic spectral pattern is determined by spectroscopy methods. 13T- The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the chemical reaction system is irradiated with the electromagnetic spectral pattern having frequencies in the range of approximately radiofrequency to approximately ultraviolet frequency. 14. - The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the frequency is in the range of visible light. 15. - The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the physical catalyst is an enzyme. 16. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the physical catalyst is introduced to the chemical reaction before irradiation with the spectral catalyst. 17. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the spectroscopy is a member selected from the group consisting of x-rays, ultraviolet, microwave, infrared, atomic absorption, flame emissions, atomic emissions, inductively coupled plasma, plasma of Argon CD, emission of arc sources, emission of spark sources, high resolution laser, and Raman. 18. - The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the physical catalyst is a member selected from the group consisting of silver, platinum, platinum oxide, nickel, palladium, rhodium, copper, ruthenium and iron. 19. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the source of electromagnetic energy is at least one laser. 20. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the physical catalyst is introduced to the chemical reaction system subsequent to irradiating the system with the spectral catalyst. 21. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the physical catalyst is introduced to the chemical reaction system and the irradiation of the system with the spectral catalyst is substantially simultaneous. 22. A method for replacing a physical catalyst in a chemical reaction system characterized by the steps comprising: a) duplicating at least one frequency of an electromagnetic spectral pattern of the physical catalyst; and b) exposing the chemical reaction system to the frequency of the duplicated electromagnetic spectral pattern, in an amount sufficient to catalyze a chemical reaction, thereby replacing the physical catalyst by doubling the spectral pattern. 23. - The method according to claim 22, characterized in that at least one frequency is a harmonic frequency of the electromagnetic spectral pattern of the replaced physical catalyst. 24. - The method "" according to claim 22, characterized in that the frequency at least copies a mechanism of action of the replaced physical catalyst. 25. - A method for increasing a physical catalyst in a chemical reaction system, characterized by the steps comprising: a) duplicating at least one frequency of an electromagnetic spectral pattern of the physical catalyst; and b) exposing the chemical reaction system at least at a frequency of the duplicated electromagnetic spectral pattern, in an amount sufficient to increase the physical catalyst. 26. The method according to claim 25, characterized in that at least one frequency is a harmonic frequency of the electromagnetic spectral pattern of the increased physical catalyst. 27. The method according to claim 25, characterized in that at least one frequency copies a mechanism of action of the increased physical catalyst.