MXPA97005478A - Vehicle that has a surface for the treatment of contaminants in the atmosf - Google Patents

Abstract

A method and apparatus for treating the atmosphere, comprising moving a vehicle through the atmosphere, the vehicle having at least one surface in contact with the atmosphere and a composition for treating pollutants located on the surface. A specific embodiment comprises coating the radiator of a motor vehicle with the catalyst for the treatment of contaminants.

Description

VEHICLE THAT HAS A SURFACE FOR THE TREATMENT OF CONTAMINANTS IN THE ATMOSPHERE DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an apparatus for cleaning the atmosphere, and more particularly to a vehicle comprising at least one contact surface with the atmosphere having a pollution treatment composition therein, and a method and related composition. A review of the literature regarding pollution control reveals that the general aspect is to reactively clean waste streams entering the environment. If too many pollutants are detected or discharged, the tendency has been to focus on a source of the contaminant, the cause of the contaminant or the waste stream containing the contaminant. For most gas streams these are treated to reduce pollutants before entering the atmosphere. The treatment of atmospheric air directed towards a confined space to remove unwanted components in the air has been described. However, there has been very little effort to treat contaminants, which are already in the environment; the environment has been left to its own cleaning systems.

References are known, which describe the proactive cleaning of the environment. U.S. Patent No. 3,378,088 discloses an air filtration assembly for cleaning ambient air contamination using a vehicle as a mobile cleaning device. A variety of elements are described to be used in combination with a vehicle to clean the ambient air since the vehicle is driven through the environment. In particular, a duct system is described for controlling the velocity of the air stream and directing air to various filter media. The filter media may include filters and electronic precipitators. It is disclosed that the catalyzed postfilters are useful for treating particulate or aerosolized contamination, such as carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, nitrous oxides and / or sulfur oxides, and the like. German patent DE 43 18 738 also describes a method for physical and chemical cleaning of external air. Motor vehicles are used as carriers of conventional filters and / or catalysts, which are not components of vehicle operations, but are used to directly clean atmospheric air. Another aspect is described in U.S. Patent No. 5,147,429. This describes a movable air suspension station suspended in the air. In particular, this patent characterizes a airship to collect air. The airship has a plurality of different types of air cleaning devices contained therein. Described air cleaning devices include moisture scavengers, filtration machines, and cyclonic spray sweepers. The difficulty with these aforementioned devices, described for proactively cleaning atmospheric air, is that they require new and additional equipment. Even the modified vehicle described in United States Patent No. 3,738,088 requires a system of conduits and filters which may include catalytic filters. DE 40 07 965 C2 by Klaus Hager describes a catalyst comprising copper oxides for converting ozone and a mixture of copper dioxide and manganese oxides to convert carbon monoxide. The catalyst can be applied as a coating to a self-heating radiator, oil coolers or charged air coolers. The catalyst coating comprises heat-resistant binders, which are also gas permeable. This indicates that copper oxides and manganese oxides are widely used in gas masking filters and have the disadvantage of being poisoned by water vapor. However, the heating of the surfaces of the car during the operation evaporates the water. In this way, the continuous use of catalyst is possible since no drying agent is necessary. Manganese oxides are known to catalyze the oxidation of ozone to form oxygen. Many commercially available types of manganese compound and compositions, including alpha-manganese oxide, are described to catalyze the reaction of ozone to form oxygens. In particular, the use of the alpha-manganese oxide cryptomelane form is known to catalyze the reaction of ozone to form oxygen. The alpha-manganese oxides are described in references such as O'Young, Hydrothermal Synthesis of Manganese Oxides with Tunnel Structures, Modern Analytical Techniques for Analysis of Petroleum, presented in the Symposium on Advances in Zeolites and Pillared Clay Structures before the Division of Petroleum Chemistry Inc. American Chemical Society New York City Meeting, August 25-30, 1991 beginning on page 348. Such materials are also described in U.S. Patent No. 5,340,562 to O'Young, et al. In addition, forms such as Q! -Mn? 2 in McKenzie, the Synthesis Birnessite, Cryptomelane, and Some other Oxides and Hydroxides of Manganese, Mineralogical Magazine, December 1971, Vol. 38, pp. 493-502. For the purposes of the present invention, a-Mn02 is defined as including holandite (BaMngO-j_g-xH ^ O), crypomelano (KMngO-j_g .xB ^ O), manjiroite (NaMngO.j_g.xH2O) and coronadite (PbMngO. j_g.xH2O). O 'Young describes these materials because they have a three-dimensional frame tunnel structure (U.S. Patent No. 5,340,562, and O' Young Hydrothermal Synthesis of Manganese Oxides with Tunnel Structures, both are incorporated herein by reference). For purposes of the present invention, a-Mn? 2 is considered to have a 2 x 2 tunnel structure and includes Dutchland, cryptomelanus, manjiroite and coronadite. The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for treating the atmosphere. For the purposes of the present invention, the atmosphere is defined as the mass of air surrounding the earth. The present invention is directed to a related apparatus and method for treating the atmosphere comprising a vehicle and means such as a motor for transporting the vehicle from one location to another through the atmosphere. The vehicle comprises at least one contact vehicle surface with the atmosphere and a pollutant treatment composition located on that surface. The contact surface with the atmosphere is a surface of a component of the vehicle that is in direct contact with the atmosphere. Preferred and useful atmosphere contact surfaces include body surfaces, wind detector surfaces, grating surfaces, rear mirrors and component surfaces "below the bell". Preferred atmosphere contact surfaces are located within the body of the motor vehicle, typically near the engine, i.e., the engine compartment. The surfaces are preferably the surfaces of cooling means, which comprise a flow path for liquids or gases through a cooling wall enclosure such as tubes or a housing, and an external surface on which fins are located to improve the heat transfer. Preferred atmosphere contact surfaces comprise an external surface with fins, and selected from the exterior surfaces of the radiator, an air conditioner condenser, radiator fan surfaces, a motor oil cooler, an oil cooler of transmission, an energy conduction fluid cooler and an air charge cooler, also referred to as an intercooler or aftercooler. The most preferred atmosphere contact surfaces are the external surfaces of the air conditioning condenser and the radiator, due to the large surface area and relatively high environmental operating temperatures of about 40 ° C to 135 ° C and typically up to 110 ° C. C. An advantage of the present invention is that the contact surface with the atmosphere useful for supporting a contaminant treatment composition can be the surface of the existing vehicle components. No additional filter or apparatus is required to maintain a contaminant treatment composition. Accordingly, the apparatus and method of the present invention can be located in existing components of new cars or retro-fitted in old cars. The retrofixing may comprise coating a suitable contaminant treatment composition on an existing vehicle surface, which is brought into contact with atmospheric air as the vehicle is driven through the atmosphere. The present invention is directed to compositions, methods and articles for treating pollutants in the air. Such contaminants may typically comprise from 0 to 400 parts, more typically from 1 to 300 parts, and even more typically from 1 to 200 parts per billion of ozone (ppb); 0 to 30 parts and very typically 1 to 20 parts per million (ppm) carbon monoxide; and 2 to 3000 ppb of unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds such as C2 olefins at about C20 and partially oxygenated hydrocarbons such as alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ethers, ketones and the like. Typical hydrocarbons that can be treated include, but are not limited to, propylene, butylene, formaldehyde and other hydrocarbon gases and vapors that carry air. Other contaminants present may include nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides. The National Environmental Air Quality Standard for ozone is 120 ppb, and for carbon monoxide it is 9 ppm. Pollutant treatment compositions include catalyst compositions useful for catalyzing the conversion of contaminants present in the atmosphere to non-objectionable materials. Alternatively, the adsorption compositions can be used as the contaminant treatment composition to adsorb contaminants, which can be destroyed after adsorption, or stored for further treatment at a final time. The catalyst compositions can be used, and can assist in the conversion of the contaminants to non-hazardous compounds or to less dangerous compounds. Useful and preferred catalyst compositions include compositions that catalyze the reaction of ozone to form oxygen, catalyze the reaction of carbon monoxide to form carbon dioxide, and / or catalyze the reaction of hydrocarbons to form water and carbon dioxide. Specific and preferred catalysts for catalyzing the hydrocarbon reaction are useful for catalyzing the reaction of low molecular weight unsaturated hydrocarbons having from two to twenty carbon atoms and at least one double bond, such as C2 monolefins at about Cg. Such low molecular weight hydrocarbons have been identified as being sufficiently reactive to cause smog. Particular olefins that can be reacted include propylene and butylene. A useful and preferred catalyst can catalyze the reactions of both ozone and carbon monoxide; and preferably ozone, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. Ozone - Useful and preferred catalyst compositions for treating ozone include a composition comprising manganese compounds including oxides, such as Mn20-3 and Mn02 with a preferred composition comprising α-Mn02 and with Crypomelano being very preferred. Other useful and preferred compositions include a mixture of MnO2 and CuO. Specific and preferred compositions comprise hopcalite containing CuO and MnO2, and most preferably Carulite®, which contains MnO2, CuO and l3 and sold by Carus Chemical Co. An alternative composition comprises a refractory metal oxide support on which disperses a catalytically effective amount of a palladium component and preferably also includes a manganese component. Also useful is a catalyst comprising a precious metal component, preferably a platinum component on a support of co-precipitated zirconia and manganese oxide. The use of this coprecipitated support has been found to be particularly effective in allowing the platinum component to be used to treat ozone. Still another composition that can result in the conversion of ozone to oxygen comprises carbon and palladium or platinum supported on carbon, manganese dioxide, Carulite® and / or hopcalite. Manganese supported on a refractory oxide such as alumina has also been found useful. Carbon Monoxide - Useful and preferred catalyst compositions for treating carbon monoxide include a composition comprising a refractory metal oxide support onto which is dispersed a catalytically effective amount of a platinum or palladium component, preferably a platinum component . A particularly preferred catalyst composition for treating carbon monoxide, comprises a component of the reduced platinum group, supported on a refractory metal oxide, preferably titania. Useful catalyst materials include precious metal components including components of the platinum group, which include metals and their compounds. Such metals can be selected from platinum, palladium, rhodium and ruthenium, and gold and / or silver components. Platinum will result in a catalytic reaction of ozone. Also useful is a. catalyst comprising a precious metal component, preferably a platinum component on a support of co-precipitated zirconia and manganese dioxide. Preferably, this mode of catalyst is reduced. Other useful compositions that can convert carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide include a platinum component supported on carbon or a support comprising manganese dioxide. The preferred catalysts for treating such contaminants are reduced. Another composition useful for treating carbon monoxide comprises a metal component of the platinum group, preferably a platinum component, a refractory oxide support, preferably alumina and titania and at least one metal component selected from a tungsten component and a rhenium component, preferably in the form of metal oxide. Hydrocarbons - Useful and preferred catalytic compositions for treating unsaturated hydrocarbons including olefins of C2 at about C20 and typically C2 to Cg monolefins such as propylene and partially oxygenated hydrocarbons as shown, have been found to be of the same type presented for use in the catalysis of the carbon monoxide reaction with the preferred compositions for unsaturated hydrocarbons comprising a reduced platinum component and a refractory metal oxide support for the platinum component. A preferred refractory metal oxide support is titania. Other useful compositions that can convert hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide and water include a platinum component supported on carbon or a support comprising manganese dioxide. The preferred catalysts for treating such contaminants are reduced. Another composition useful for converting hydrocarbons comprises a metal component of the platinum group, preferably a platinum component, a refractory oxide support, preferably alumina and titania and at least one metal component selected from a tungsten component and a component of rhenium, preferably in the form of metal oxide. Ozone and Carbon Monoxide - A useful and preferred catalyst, which can treat both ozone and carbon monoxide, comprises a support such as a refractory metal oxide support on which a precious metal component is dispersed. The refractory oxide support may comprise a support component selected from the group consisting of cerium, alumina, silica, titania, zirconia, and mixtures thereof. Also useful as a support for precious metal catalyst components in a co-precipitate of zirconia and manganese oxides. More preferably, this support is used with a platinum component and the catalyst is in a reduced form. The individual catalyst has been found to effectively treat both ozone and carbon monoxide. Other useful and preferred precious metal components are composed of precious metal components selected from palladium and also platinum components with a preferred palladium. A combination of a ceria support with a palladium component results in an effective catalyst for treating both ozone and carbon monoxide. Other useful and preferred catalysts for treating ozone and carbon monoxide include a component of the platinum group, preferably a platinum component or a palladium component, and more preferably a platinum component, or titania or a combination of zirconia and silica. Other useful compositions that can convert ozone to oxygen and carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide, include a platinum component supported on carbon or a support comprising manganese dioxide. The preferred catalysts are reduced. Ozone, Carbon Monoxide and Hydrocarbons - A useful and preferred catalyst that can treat ozone, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, typically low molecular weight olefin (C2 at about C2Q) and typically C2 to Cg monolefins and partially oxygenated hydrocarbons such as describe, they comprise a support, preferably a refractory metal oxide support on which a precious metal component is dispersed. The refractory metal oxide support may comprise a support component selected from the group consisting of ceria, alumina, titania, zirconia and mixtures thereof, with titania being very preferred. Useful and preferred precious metal components are composed of precious metal components, selected from platinum group components including palladium and platinum components with platinum being most preferred. It has been found that a combination of a titania support with a platinum component results in a more effective catalyst for the treatment of ozone, carbon monoxide, and low molecular weight gaseous olefin compounds. It is preferred to reduce the platinum group components with a suitable reducing agent. Other useful compositions that can convert ozone to oxygen, carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide include a platinum component supported on carbon, a support comprising manganese dioxide, or a support comprising a coprecipitate of oxides of carbon. manganese and zirconia. The preferred catalysts are reduced.

The above compositions can be applied through coating to at least one vehicle surface contacting the atmosphere. Particularly preferred compositions catalyze the destruction of unsaturated ozone, carbon monoxide and / or low molecular weight olefinic compounds at ambient conditions or environmental operating conditions. The environmental conditions are the conditions of the atmosphere. By environmental operating conditions is meant the conditions, such as temperature, of the contact surface with the atmosphere during normal operation of the vehicle without the use of additional directed energy to heat the contaminant treatment composition. Certain atmospheric contact surfaces such as a grid or wind deflector may be at the same temperature or at similar temperatures as the atmosphere. It has been found that the preferred catalysts, which catalyze the ozone reaction, can catalyze the reaction of ozone to ambient conditions at scales as low as 5 ° C to 30 ° C. The contact surfaces with the atmosphere can have temperatures higher than ambient atmospheric temperatures due to the nature of the operation of the component that is below the surface. For example, the preferred atmosphere contact surfaces are the surfaces of the air-conditioning condenser and the radiator, due to its high surface area. When vehicles use air charge chillers, these are preferred due to the high surface area and ambient operating temperatures at 121 ° C (250 ° F). Normally, during environmental operating conditions, the surfaces of these components increase to higher temperature levels than the environment, due to the nature of their operation. After the engine of the vehicle has been heated, these components are typically at temperatures ranging from about 130 ° C and typically from 40 ° C to 110 ° C. The temperature scale of these contact surfaces with the atmosphere helps to improve the conversion rates of the ozone, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon catalysts supported on such surfaces. Air charge chillers operate at temperatures up to approximately 130 ° C, and typically from 60 ° C to 130 ° C. Several of the catalyst compositions can be combined, and a combined coating can be applied to the surface of contact with the atmosphere. Alternatively, different surfaces or different parts of the same surface can be coated with the different catalyst compositions.

The method and apparatus of the present invention are designed so that contaminants can be treated at ambient atmospheric conditions or at the environmental operating conditions of the contact surface with the vehicle's atmosphere. The present invention is particularly useful for treating ozone by coating the contact surfaces of the motor vehicle atmosphere with suitable catalysts useful for destroying such contaminants even at ambient conditions, and at vehicle surface temperatures typically of at least 0 ° C, from preference from 10 ° C to 105 ° C and most preferably from 40 ° C to 100 ° C. Carbon monoxide is preferably treated at temperatures of contact surfaces with the atmosphere of 40 ° C to 105 ° C. Low molecular weight hydrocarbons, typically unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least one unsaturated bond, such as olefins from C2 to about C20, and typically C2 to Cg monolefins, are preferably treated at surface temperatures of contact with the atmosphere. 40 ° C to 105 ° C. The percentage conversion of ozone, carbon monoxide and / or hydrocarbons depends on the temperature and space velocity of the atmospheric air relative to the contact surface with the atmosphere, and the temperature of the contact surface with the atmosphere.

Accordingly, the present invention, in the most preferred embodiments, can result in at least a reduction in the levels of ozone, carbon monoxide and / or hydrocarbon present in the atmosphere without the sight of any mechanical aspect or energy source. to release vehicles, particularly motor vehicles. Additionally, the catalytic reaction takes place at the normal environmental operating conditions experienced by the surfaces of these motor vehicle elements, so that no changes are required in the construction or operating method of the motor vehicle. Since the apparatus and method of the present invention are generally directed to treat the atmosphere, it will be appreciated that variations of the apparatus for use in the treatment of air volumes in enclosed spaces are contemplated. For example, a motor vehicle having a contact surface with the atmosphere carrying a pollutant treatment composition can be used to treat air within factories, mines, and tunnels. Such an apparatus may include vehicles used in such environments. Since the preferred embodiments of the present invention are directed to the destruction of contaminants at the ambient operating temperatures of the surface contact with the atmosphere, it is also desirable to treat contaminants, which have a catalyzed reaction temperature greater than the ambient temperature or the environmental operating temperature of the contact surface with the atmosphere. Such pollutants include hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides and any carbon monoxide that is derived or not treated at the surface contact with the atmosphere. These contaminants can be treated at higher temperatures, typically on the scale of at least 100 ° C to 450 ° C. This can be achieved, for example, through the use of an auxiliary hot catalysed surface. By auxiliary hot surface, it is meant to mean that there are supplementary means for heating the surface. A preferred auxiliary heated surface is the surface of an electrically heated catalyzed monolith, such as a heated electrically catalyzed metal honeycomb of the type known to those skilled in the art. Electricity can be provided through batteries or a generator as it is presented in motor vehicles. The catalyst composition can be any well-known oxidation and / or reduction catalyst, preferably a three-step catalyst (TC) comprising metals of the precious group, such as platinum, palladium, rhodium and the like, supported on oxide supports. refractory. A catalyzed, auxiliary hot surface may be used in combination with, and preferably downstream of, the contact surface of the vehicle's atmosphere to further treat the contaminants. As previously stated, the absorption compositions can also be used to absorb contaminants such as hydrocarbons and / or particulate matter for final oxidation or subsequent removal. Useful and preferred absorption compositions include zeolites, other molecular sieves, carbon, and alkaline earth metal oxides of group IIA such as calcium oxide. Hydrocarbons and particulate matter can be absorbed from 0 ° C to 110 ° C and subsequently treated through desorption followed by catalytic reaction or incineration. It is preferred to coat areas of the vehicle having a relatively high surface area exposed to a large flow velocity of atmospheric air as the motor vehicle is driven through the environment, for motor vehicles for land use, the surfaces of Particularly preferred atmosphere contact include the radiator, fan blades, air conditioning condenser or heat exchanger, air charge cooler, engine oil cooler, transmission oil cooler and wind deflectors of the type used on the roof of truck cabins.

More preferably, the contact surface with the atmosphere is a surface of a radiator. The radiator has a large surface area for improved cooling of internal combustion engine fluid coolers. By applying a catalyst to be supported on the radiator surface, one can take advantage of the large honeycomb-type surface area, usually with little or no effect on the cooling function of the radiator. The high honeycomb type surface area allows a maximization of catalyst contact with the air passing through the radiator honeycomb design. In addition, the radiators in many automobiles are located behind the condenser of the air conditioning and are thus protected by the air conditioning condenser. The present invention includes methods for coating surfaces in contact with the atmosphere with pollutant treatment compositions of motor vehicles. In particular, the present invention includes a method for coating finned elements with catalyst compositions, elements such as radiators, air conditioning condensers, and air charge coolers. The calculations suggest that in a motor vehicle in areas congested by traffic, there is a sufficient number of motor vehicles to significantly impact with the pollutants treated in accordance with the present invention. For example, in Southern California's South Coast Air Quality Management District, there are approximately eight million cars. It has been calculated that if each car travels 32 km. (20 miles) per day, all the air in this region at an altitude of 30.48 meters (100 feet) can be cycled through radiators in a week. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a truck showing an air conditioner, grid condenser, an electrically heated catalyst, an air charge cooler, a radiator, fan and motor with a wind deflector on the roof of the truck cabin. Figure 2 is a partial, schematic view of a motor vehicle, showing an air conditioner, grid condenser, a radiator and a fan. Figure 3 is a front view of the radiator. Figure 4 is a front view of the air conditioning condenser. Figure 5 is a front view of a wind deflector of the type illustrated in Figure 1.

Figure 6 is a front view of the truck of Figure 1. Figure 7 is a partial schematic sectional view of the finned, coated cooling element. Figure 8 is a photograph of the coated radiator of Examples 1 and 2. Figures 9-14 and 16-17 are graphs of CO conversion against temperature to use different catalysts in Examples 4, 9-12, 14 and 15. Figure 15 is a graph of propylene conversion against temperature based on Example 14. Figure 18 is a graph of ozone conversion versus temperature based on Example 17. Figure 19 is an IR spectrum for Christomelan . Figure 20 is an XRD pattern for crypomelano shown as beads using square root scales against the Bragg 2T angle. The present invention relates to an apparatus and methods for cleaning the atmosphere useful with vehicles having means for transporting the vehicle through the atmosphere. As the vehicle moves through the atmosphere, at least one contact surface with the atmosphere comprises a contaminant treatment composition (eg, a catalyst or an adsorber) located therein, contacted with the atmospheric air. As the atmospheric air encounters the contaminant treatment composition, various contaminants including particulate matter and / or gaseous pollutants carried by the air, can be catalytically reacted or adsorbed by the contaminant treatment composition located on the contact surface with the atmosphere. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the vehicle can be any suitable vehicle, which has means of transportation to propel the vehicle such as wheels, fins, bands, rails or the like. Such means can be driven through any suitable energy means, including motors that use fossil fuel such as gasoline or diesel fuel, ethanol, methanol, gas engines driven through fuels such as methane gas, wind energy such as through wind drive fins or propellers, solar energy or electric power such as automobiles operated through batteries. Vehicles include cars, trucks, trailers, trains, boats, boats, airplanes, airships, balloons and the like. The contact surface with the atmosphere can be any suitable surface that finds and is in contact with the air as the vehicle moves through the atmosphere. Preferably, in a motor vehicle, preferably trucks, trucks and trailers, the contact means is a surface located towards the front of the vehicle and can be brought into contact with the air as the vehicle proceeds in a forward direction . Useful contact surfaces should have a relatively large surface area. The preferred contact surfaces are at least partially enclosed in the vehicle. The surfaces of contact with the atmosphere are located below the bell and are located inside the body of the motor vehicle, typically near the engine, ie, the engine compartment. The surfaces are preferably the external surfaces of the cooling means, which comprise a flow path for liquids or gases through a cooling wall enclosure such as tubes or a housing and an external surface on which fins are located for Improve heat transfer. Useful contact surfaces include the external surfaces of the means for cooling fluids, including liquids and / or gases used in the vehicle, such as the air conditioning condenser, the radiator, the air charge cooler, the oil cooler of engine, the transmission oil cooler, the energy conduction fluid cooler, the fan cover, and the radiator fan, which are located and supported within the vehicle housing. A useful contact surface outside the vehicle may be the grid typically located and supported on the front of the housing or wind deflectors commonly supported on the roof of large truck cabins. It is preferred that the contact surface be a forward looking surface, a surface that faces a side or a surface that faces the top or bottom of the vehicle. The front facing surfaces that face the front of the vehicle, surfaces such as the radiator fins and the condenser elements facing the side, top and bottom of the vehicle. Even surfaces directed to look away from the front and toward the rear of the vehicle, which come in contact with the air, may be contact surfaces with the atmosphere, such as the back surface of the fan blades. The surfaces of airplane engines, such as wings, thrusters and parts of the jet engine including turbine rotors and / or stators, can be coated. Preferred atmosphere contact surfaces in motor vehicles are located on motor cooling elements, such as motor vehicle radiators, air conditioning condensers, air charge chillers, also known as intercoolers or aftercoolers, air coolers. engine oil and transmission oil coolers. Such elements typically have high surface area structures associated with them to improve heat transfer. The high surface areas are useful for maximizing atmospheric air contact with the contaminant treatment composition. All these elements are well known in the automotive art. Reference is made to Bosch Automotive Handbook, Second Edition, pages 301-303, 320 and 349-351, published by Robert Bosch GmbH, 1986, incorporated herein by reference. This reference illustrates a diesel truck engine with a radiator, an intercooler and a fan. Such elements can be coated with a contaminant treatment surface of the present invention. The radiator and the intercooler typically operate at temperatures higher than that of atmospheric air. There is also reference to Taylor, The Interna! Combustion Engine in Theory and Practice, Vol, 1: Thermo Dynamics, Fluid Flow, Performance, second edition, Rev. The MIT Press, 1985 pages 304-306 for radiator and fin design; and on page 392 for later coolers. The previous pages in Taylor, are incorporated here for reference.

Reference is also made to a collection of documents in 1993 Vehicle Thermal Management Systems Conference Proceedings, SAE P: 263 published by the Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., 1993. The following documents 5 are incorporated herein by reference. SAE Document No. 931088 commenced on page 157, titled, Calculation and Design of Cooling Systems by Eichlseder and Raab by Steyr Damler Puchag and Charqe Air Cooler for Passenger Cars by Collette de Valeo Thermique Moteur; SAE Document P 10 No. 931092 entitled, State of the Art and Future Developments of Aluminum Radiators for Cars and Trucks by Kern and Eitel of Behr GmbH and Co. beginning on page 187; SAE Document 931112 titled, Air Mix vs. Coolant Flow to Control Discharge Air Temperature and Vehicle Heating Air 15 Conditioning Systems by Rolling and Cummings of Behr of America Inc. and Schweizer of Behr GmbH & Co. The above fc documents include descriptions of the radiator, air conditioner and structures of the air charge cooler for use in motor vehicles. Reference is also made to SAE Document 931115 entitled, Engine Cooling Module Development Using Air Flow Management Techniques by El-Bourini and Chen of Calsonic Technical Center, beginning on page 379 and therefore incorporated herein by reference. Of interest are Appendices 1 and 2, which illustrate typical radiator and condenser structures useful in motor vehicle applications. Reference is also made to SAE Document 931125, entitled, Durability Concerns of Aluminum Air to Air Charged Coolers by Smith, Valeo Engine Cooling Inc., which describes air charge chillers and is incorporated herein by reference. The present invention will be understood by those skilled in the art with reference to the accompanying Figures 1-7. Figure 1 illustrates a truck 10 schematically containing a variety of vehicle components comprising surfaces contacting the atmosphere. These surfaces include the grid surfaces 12, the air-conditioning condenser 14, an air-charge cooler 25, the radiator 16 and the radiator fan 18. An air baffle 20, having a surface, is also shown on this truck. Frontal deflection 22. It is recognized that several components may have different relative locations on different vehicles. Referring to Figures 1 to 4, the preferred contact surfaces include the surface of the front 13 and side surfaces 15 of the air conditioning condenser 14, the front 17 and side 19 surfaces of the radiator 16, the corresponding surfaces of the air cooler. load 25 and the front surfaces 21 and rear 23 of the radiator fan 18. These surfaces are located within the housing 24 of the truck. Typically they are below the • hood 24 of the truck between the front surface 26 of the truck and the engine 28. The air conditioning condenser, the air charge cooler, the radiator and the radiator fan can be directly or indirectly supported by the housing 24 or a frame (not shown) within the housing. Figure 2 generally shows a view • 10 schematic of an automotive assembly. The corresponding elements in Figures 1 and 2 have common reference characters. The automobile comprises a housing 30. There is a front part of motor vehicle 32 having a grid 12 supported on the front of the vehicle. housing 30. An air conditioning condenser 14, a radiator 16 and a radiator fan 18 can be located within the housing 30. Referring to the embodiments in Figures 1, 2 and 6, the contact surface on the part front and sides of at least one grid 12, the air conditioning condenser 14, the air charge cooler 25 and a radiator 16; the front and rear of the radiator fan 18; the front part of the wind deflector 20 can have a treatment composition of pollutant located on it. The grid 12 may have a suitable grid type design, which provides openings 36 through which air passes as the truck 12 is operated and moved through the atmosphere. The openings are defined by the grid 38. The grid 38 has a front grid surface 40 and a side grid surface 42. The front and side grid surfaces 40 and 42 can be used as contact surfaces with the atmosphere, which locate the contaminant treatment compositions. Referring to Figures 1 and 4, the air conditioning condenser 14, comprises a plurality of air conditioning condenser fins 44. In addition there is an air conditioning fluid conduit 46, which conducts the conditioning fluid of air. air through the condenser 14. The front and side surfaces of the air conditioning fins 44, as well as the front surface of the air conditioning duct 46 may be the surfaces of contact with the atmosphere, on which a composition is located of contaminant treatment. As indicated, both the front 21 and rear 23 surfaces of the radiator fan 18 can be a contact surface for supporting a contaminant treatment composition.

The highly preferred atmosphere contact surface is on the radiator 16 as shown in Figure 3. A typical radiator 16 has a front radiator surface 17 as well as a plurality of radiator corrugated plates or fins 50 located on the radiator plate. corresponding radiator or fin channels 52, which pass through the radiator 16. It is preferred to coat the front surface 17 as well as the side surfaces of the radiator plates 50 and the channel surfaces 52. The radiator is more preferred since it is located inside the housing 24 or 30 and is protected on the front by at least the gate 12 and preferably an air conditioning condenser 14. In addition to the air entering into the bonnet chamber 34 as the motor vehicle moving through the atmosphere, the radiator fan 18 expels the air in and through the channels 52. Therefore, the radiator 16 is located and protected by the grid 12, the air conditioning condenser 19 and is on the front of the radiator fan 18. Furthermore, as indicated above, the radiator has a large surface area for heat transfer purposes. In accordance with the present invention, a contaminant treatment composition can be effectively located on, and take advantage of, such a large surface area without significantly and adversely impacting the heat transfer function of the radiator. The foregoing description is particularly directed to illustrate the use of atmosphere treatment surfaces in an apparatus such as a radiator 16 and an air conditioning condenser 14. As indicated, the surface of contact with the atmosphere may be on other suitable media for employing the engine fluids including well-known articles such as the air charge cooler 25 presented above, as well as engine oil coolers, transmission oil coolers and energy conduction oil coolers. A common aspect of all cooling means is a housing or conduit through which the fluid passes. The housing comprises a wall having an internal surface in contact with the fluid and an external surface typically in contact with the atmosphere within the vehicle frame and typically within the engine compartment. In order to efficiently transfer the heat from the fluid in these various apparatuses, fins or plates extend from the outer surface of the cooling conduit or housing. A useful and preferred embodiment with each of the cooling means is illustrated in Figure 7. Figure 7 is a schematic sectional view of a coated finned cooling element 60. The element comprises a housing or conduit defined by a wall of housing or conduit 62. Located within the conduit is a passageway or chamber 64 through which the fluid such as cooling oils or liquids or air conditioning fluids, pass. Such fluids are shown with the reference numeral 66. The housing wall comprises an internal surface 68 and an outer surface 70. Located or attached to the external surface are plates or fins 72. rding to the present invention, there is a composition of treatment of contaminants 74, which may be located on the outer surface 70 and the fins or plates 72. During operation, the air streams are brought into contact with the contaminant treatment composition to cause various contaminants to be treated. The applicant herein incorporates for reference the commonly assigned patent application entitled, "Pollution Treating Device and Methods of Making the Same", attorney's file 3794/3810, filed as Serial No. in the United States 08 / 537,208. In addition, any of the embodiments of the apparatus of the present invention and method of use thereof may optionally incorporate a replaceable contaminant treatment device as described therein.

Pollutant treatment compositions can also be located on external surfaces of the vehicle. As indicated, such compositions can be located on the grate 12 and in the case of the truck shown in Figures 1 and 6, on the front wind deflector 20 to the wind deflector surface 22. In addition, the treatment compositions of contaminants can be located on the front of the mirror 54, as well as any variety of front facing surfaces. The use of an air charge cooler 25 represents a particularly effective atmosphere contact surface, on which the contaminant treatment compositions can be supported. Operating temperatures can reach up to 121 ° C (250 ° F). At such temperatures, the catalyst compositions of the present invention can more effectively treat ozone, hydrocarbon, and carbon monoxide contaminants. Particularly useful are compositions containing precious metals such as platinum, palladium, gold or silver components. Alternatively, the catalyst may include manganese compounds such as manganese dioxide and copper compounds including copper oxide such as Carulite or hopcalite.

During normal operation, the vehicle moves in a forward direction with the front surface 26 of the vehicle 10 initially coming into contact with the atmospheric air. Typically, vehicles move through the air at speeds of about 1600 km / h (1000 miles / h) for airplanes. Ground vehicles and water vehicles typically move at speeds up to 480 km / h (300 miles / h), more typically up to 320 km / h (200 miles / h) with motor vehicles moving at speeds up to of 160 km / h (100 miles / h) and typically from 8 to 120 km / h (5 to 75 miles / h). Offshore vehicles, such as boats, typically move through water at speeds up to 48 km / h (30 miles / h), and typically from 3.2 to 32 km / h (2 to 20 miles / h). According to the method of the present invention, the relative velocity (or face velocity) between the contact surface with the atmosphere and the atmosphere, as the vehicle, typically a land-based automobile moves through the atmosphere is from 0 to 160 km / h (0 to 100 miles) / h), typically from 3.2 to 120 km / h (2 to 75 miles / h) in a car, typically from 8 to 96 km / h (5 to 60 miles / h). The front speed is the air velocity in relation to the pollutant treatment surface. In motor vehicles such as trucks 10, which have a radiator fan 18, the ventilator expels atmospheric air through the grate 12, the air conditioning condenser 14, the air charge cooler 25 and / or the 16 radiator in addition to the air that passes through these elements as the motor vehicle moves through the atmosphere. When the motor vehicle is stationary, the relative front speed of the air expelled to the radiator typically varies from about 8 to 24 km / h (5 to 15 miles / h). The radiator fan moderates the speed of air flow through the radiator as the motor vehicle moves through the atmosphere. When a typical car moves through the atmosphere at speeds that reach 112 km / h (70 miles / h), the front air inlet speed is at about 40 km / h (25 miles / h). Depending on the design of a motor vehicle that uses a radiator fan, the cars have such a low front speed that when the fan is used during the static point up to approximately 100% of the front speed corresponds to the vehicle speed of motor. However, typically the velocity of the front of the air relative to the contact surface with the atmosphere is equal to the static front speed more than 0.1 to 1.0 and more typically 0.2 to 0.8 times the speed of the vehicle. In accordance with the present invention, large volumes of air can be treated at relatively low temperatures. This happens as the vehicle moves through the atmosphere. The high surface area components of vehicles that include radiators, air conditioning condensers and charge air coolers typically have a large front surface area, which finds the air stream. However, these devices are relatively narrow, typically varying from about 1.9 cm (3/4 inch) to about a depth of 5.08 cm (2 inches) and usually on the depth scale of 1.9 to 3.8 cm (3/4 a. 11/2 inches). The linear velocity of the atmospheric air that • is in contact with the front surface of such devices is typically on the scale of up to 32 (20), and typically from 8 to 24 km / h (5 to 15 miles / h). An indication of the amount of air that is being treated as it passes through the catalyst vehicle component is commonly referred to as the space velocity or more precisely the space velocity per hour in volume (VHSV). This is measured as the volume (corresponding to the volume of the catalyzed element) of the air per hour passing through the volume of the catalytic article. It is based on cubic meters per hour of air divided by cubic meters of the catalyst substrate. The volume of the catalyst substrate is the frontal area times the depth or axial length in the direction of air flow. Alternatively, the space velocity per volume hour is the number of catalyst volumes based on the volume of the catalytic article being treated per hour. Due to the relatively short axial depth of the catalyzed elements of the present invention, the space velocities are relatively high. The space velocities per hour in air volume, which can be treated in accordance with the present invention, can be one million or more reciprocal hours. An air face velocity against one of these elements at 8 km / h (5 miles / h) can result in a space velocity as high as 300,000 reciprocal hours. In accordance with the present invention, the catalysts are designed to treat contaminants in the atmosphere at space velocities at scales as high as 250,000 to 750,000 and typically from 300,000 to 600,000 reciprocal hours. This is achieved even at relatively low ambient temperatures and environmental operating temperatures of the vehicle elements containing compositions for the treatment of contaminants according to the present invention. The environmental operating temperatures of the contact surfaces with the atmosphere may vary depending on whether they are located near the thermal sources within the vehicle or are the surfaces of the elements which function to cool the vehicle parts. However, the contact surfaces such as the grid 12, the wind deflector 20 are at ambient conditions. During typical operation, the means for cooling operate at above the ambient atmospheric temperature, with the contact surfaces such as the surfaces of the air-conditioning condenser 14, and the radiator 16 and the air-charge cooler 25 may vary up to 130 ° C and typically up to 105 ° C, and are typically in the range of 10 ° C to 105 ° C, more typically 40 to 100 ° C and can be 10 to 75 ° C. The air charge cooler 25 typically operates at temperatures of 75 ° C to 130 ° C. The amount of contact surface can vary with air conditioning condensers, radiators and air charge chillers. Typically having from 1.85 to 185.8 square meters (20 to 2000 square feet) and fan blades 18 typically having from 0.185 to approximately 3.71 square meters (0.2 to 40 square feet) when considering the front and rear surfaces. The contaminant treatment composition is preferably a catalyst composition or absorption composition. Useful and preferred catalyst compositions are compositions that can catalytically cause the reaction of target contaminants at the airspace velocity as they come into contact with the surface, and at the surface temperature at the point of contact. Typically, these catalyzed reactions will be on the temperature scale at the surface of contact with the atmosphere from 0 ° C to 130 ° C, more typically from 20 ° C to 105 ° C. And even more typically from about 40 ° C to 100 ° C. There is no limit to the efficiency of the reaction as long as some reaction occurs. Preferably, there is at least a conversion efficiency of 1% with a conversion efficiency as high as possible. Useful conversion efficiencies are preferably at least about 5%, and most preferably at least about 10%. Preferred conversions depend on the treatment composition of the contaminant and the particular contaminant. When treating ozone with a catalytic composition on an atmosphere contact surface, it is preferred that the conversion efficiency be greater than about 30% to 40%, preferably greater than 50% and more preferably greater than 70%. The preferred conversion for carbon monoxide is greater than 30%, and preferably greater than 50%. The preferred conversion efficiency for partially oxygenated hydrocarbons and hydrocarbons is at least 10%, preferably at least 15% and most preferably at least 25%. These conversion rates are particularly preferred when the contact surface with the atmosphere is at ambient operating conditions of up to about 110 ° C. These temperatures are the surface temperatures typically experienced during the normal operation of the contact surfaces with the vehicle's atmosphere, including the surfaces of the radiator and the air conditioning condenser. When there is a supplemental heating of the contact surface with the atmosphere, such as having a catalytic monolith, grating, sieve, calibrator, or similar electrically heated, it is preferred that the conversion efficiency be greater than 90% and more preferably greater than 95% The conversion efficiency is based on the molar percentage of the particular pollutants in the air, which react in the presence of the catalyst composition. The catalyst compositions for treating ozone comprise manganese compounds including manganese dioxide, which includes non-stoichiometric manganese dioxide (for example, MnO / - | _ g_2 Q \) and / or Mn2? 3. Preferred manganese dioxides, which are nominally referred to as MnO2, have a chemical formula wherein the molar ratio of manganese to oxide is about 1.5 to 2.0, such as MngO -__. Up to 100% by weight of the manganese dioxide, Mn02 can be used in the catalyst compositions for treating ozone. Alternative compositions, which are available, comprise manganese dioxide and compounds such as copper oxide alone or copper oxide and alumina. Useful and preferred manganese dioxides are alpha-manganese dioxides, nominally having a weight to manganese to oxygen molar ratio of 1 to 2. Useful alpha-manganese dioxides are described in U.S. Patent No. 5,340,562, for O'Young et al., Also in O'Young Hydrothermal Synthesis of Manganese Oxides with Tunnel Structures, presented at the Symposium on Advances in Zeolites and Pillared Clay Structures filed with the Division of Petroleum Chemistry Inc. American Chemical Society New York City Meeting, August 25-30, 1991 beginning on page 342 and in McKenzie, the Synthesis of Birnessite, Cryptomelane and Some other Oxides and Hydroxides of Manganese, Mineralogical Magazine, December 1971, Vol. 38, pp. 493-502. For the purposes of the present invention the preferred alpha-Manganese dioxide is a 2 x 2 tunnel structure, which may be Dutch (BaMngO- | _g. XH20), crypomelano (KMngO-Lg. XH20), manjiroite (NaMngO. __g H2O) and coronary (PbMngO .__ g.xH2O). The manganese dioxides useful in the present invention preferably have a surface area greater than 150 m2 / g, more preferably greater than 200 m2 / g, even more preferably greater than 250 m ^ / g and preferably greater than 275 m2 / g. g. The upper scale of such materials being as high as 300 m2 / g, 325 m2 / g or even 350 m2 / g. Preferred materials are in the range of 200-350 m / g, preferably 250-325 m2 / g, and more preferably 275-300 m2 / g. The composition preferably comprises a binder, such as the type described below with preferred binders being polymeric binders. The composition may also comprise precious metal components, preferred precious metal components being the precious metal oxides, preferably the oxides of the metals of the platinum group, and more preferably the palladium or platinum oxides also referred to as palladium black or black of platinum. The amount of palladium black or platinum can vary from 0 to 25%, with useful amounts being in the ranges of about 1 to 25 and 5 to 15% by weight based on the weight of the manganese component and the precious component. It has been found that the use of the compositions comprising the cryptomelane form of the alpha-manganese oxide, which also contains a polymeric binder, can result in a conversion greater than 50%, preferably greater than 60%, and more preferably 75-85%, of ozone in the concentration scale of 0 to 400 parts per billion (ppb) and an air current moving through a radiator at a space velocity of 300,000 to 650,000 reciprocal hours. When a portion of the cryptomelane is replaced by up to 25% and more preferably 15-25% parts by weight of palladium black (PdO), the conversion rates of ozone to the above conditions range from 5 95-100% using a powder reactor. Preferred crypomelamine manganese dioxide has a crystallite size ranging from 2 to 10, and preferably less than 5 nm. It can be calcined on a temperature scale of 250 ° C to 550 ° C, and preferably below of 500 ° C and greater than 300 ° C, for at least 1.5 hours, preferably at least 2 to approximately 6 hours. The preferred crypomelano can be made according to what is described in the articles and patents previously presented of O'Young and Mckenzie. Crypomelano can be made by reacting a manganese salt including salts «_) Selected from the group consisting of MnCl2, Mn (N0 -_) 2, MnS04 and Mn (CH -_, COO) 2 with a permanganate compound. Crypomelano is made using potassium permanganate. The Dutch is made using barium permanganate; the coronaadita is made using lead permanganate; and manjiroite is made using sodium permanganate. It is recognized that the alpha-manganese useful in the present invention may contain one or more of the dutch compounds, criptomelano, manjiorita or coronadita. Even when the cryptomelane is made, small amounts of other metal ions, such as sodium, may be present. Useful methods for forming the alpha-manganese dioxide are described in the aforementioned references which are incorporated herein by reference. The preferred alpha-manganese to be used according to the present invention is cryptomelane. The preferred cryptomelane is "clean" or substantially free of inorganic anions, particularly on surfaces. Such anions can include chlorides, sulfates and nitrates, which are introduced during the method to form cryptomelane. An alternative method for making clean cryptomelane is to react a manganese carboxylate, preferably manganese acetate, with potassium permanganate, it has been found that the use of such material, which has been calcined, is "clean". The use of a material containing inorganic anions can result in an ozone to oxygen conversion of up to about 60%. The use of crypomelano with a "clean" surface results in conversions of up to about 80%. It is believed that the carboxylates are calcined during the calcination process. However, the inorganic anions remain on the surface even during calcination. The inorganic anions such as sulfates can be washed with an aqueous solution or a slightly acidic aqueous solution. Preferably, the alpha-manganese dioxide is a "clean" alpha-manganese dioxide. The cryptomelane can be washed from about 60 ° C to 100 ° C for about an hour and a half to remove a significant amount of sulfate anions. Nitrate anions can be removed in a similar way. The "clean" alpha-manganese dioxide is characterized by having an IR spectrum, as illustrated in Figure 19, and in the ray diffraction pattern (XRD), as illustrated in Figure 20. Such a crypomelano preferably has a surface area greater than 200 m2 / g and more preferably greater than 250 m2 / g. A review of the IR spectrum for the most preferred crypomelano, shown in Figure 19, is characterized by the absence of peaks assignable to carbonate, sulfate and nitrate groups. The peaks expected for carbonate groups appear on the scale of 1320 to 1520 wave numbers; and for sulphate groups appears on the scale of 950 to 1250 wave numbers. Figure 20 is a powder X-ray diffraction pattern for the cryptomelane with a high surface area prepared in Example 23. The X-ray pattern for crypomelano, useful in the present invention, is characterized by wide peaks that result of small crystallite ("5-10 nm) Approximate peak positions (± 0.15 ° 2T) and approximate relative intensities (± 5) for the crypomelano using RaC n CuKa, as shown in Figure 20, are: 2? / Relative intensities -12.1 / 9; 18/9; 28.3 / 10; 37.5 / 100; 41.8 / 32; 49.7 / 16; 53.8 / 5; 60.1 / 13; 55.7 / 38; and 68.0 / 23. A preferred method for making cryptomelane useful in the present invention comprises mixing a manganese aqueous acid solution, with a solution of potassium permanganate. The manganese acid salt solution preferably has a pH of 0.5 to 3.0 and can be made acidic using any common acid, preferably acetic acid at a concentration of 0.5 to 5.0 normal and more preferably 1.0 to 2.0 normal. The mixture forms a suspension, which is stirred at a temperature range of 50 ° C to 110 ° C. The suspension is filtered and the filtrate is dried at a temperature range of 75 ° C to 200 ° C. The resulting crypomelano crystals have a surface area typically on the scale of 200 m2 / g to 350 m / g. Other useful compositions comprise manganese dioxide and optionally copper oxide and alumina, and at least one precious metal component, such as a platinum group metal supported on manganese dioxide and wherein copper oxide and alumina are present. Useful compositions contain up to 100, from 40 to 80, and preferably from 50 to 70 weight percent manganese dioxide and from 10 to 60, typically from 30 to 50 percent copper oxide. Useful compositions include hopcalite, which is about 60 percent manganese dioxide and about 40 percent copper oxide; and Carulite® (sold by Carus Chemical Co.) which is reported to have 60 to 75 weight percent manganese dioxide, 11 to 14 percent copper oxide and 15 to 16 percent aluminum oxide . The surface area of Carulite ^ is reported to be 180 m2 / g. Calcination at 450 ° C reduces the surface area of the Carulite® approximately fifty percent (50%) without significantly affecting activity. It is preferred to calcinate the manganese compounds from 300 ° C to 500 ° C, and most preferably from 350 ° C to 450 ° C. Calcination at 550 ° C causes a greater loss of surface area and ozone treatment activity. Calcination of Carulite® after ball milling with acetic acid and coating on a substrate can improve the adhesion of the coating to the substrate. Other compositions for treating ozone may comprise a component of manganese dioxide and precious metal components, such as the metal components of the platinum group. Since both components are catalytically active, manganese dioxide can also support the precious metal component. The metal component of the platinum group is preferably a palladium and / or platinum component. The amount of metal component of the platinum group preferably ranges from about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent, (based on the weight of the metal of the platinum group) of the composition. Preferably, when the platinum is present, it is in the amounts of 0.1 to 5 weight percent, the preferred and useful amounts of the volume of contaminant treatment catalyst, based on the volume of the support article, ranging from about 0.5 to about 70 g / ft3. The amount of the palladium component preferably ranges from 2 to about 10 weight percent of the composition, the useful and preferred amounts of the volume of contaminant treatment catalyst being from about 10 to about 250 g / ft3. Various preferred useful contaminant treatment catalyst compositions, especially those containing a catalytically active component, such as a precious metal catalyst component, may comprise a suitable support material, such as a refractory oxide support. The preferred refractory oxide can be selected from the group consisting of silica, alumina, titania, ceria, zirconia and chromia, and mixtures thereof. More preferably, the support is at least one activated compound, of high surface area, selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica, titania, silica-alumina, silica-zirconia, alumina silicates, alumina-zirconia, alumina- chromia, and alumina-ceria. The refractory oxide may be in a suitable form including in bulky particles, typically having a particle size ranging from about 0.1 to about 100, and preferably from 1 to 10 μm, or in a solution form, also having a size of particle ranging from about 1 to about 50, and preferably from about 1 to about 10 nm. A preferred titania solution support comprises titania having a particle size ranging from about 1 to about 10, and typically from about 2 to about 5 nm. Also useful as a preferred support is a coprecipitate of a manganese oxide and zirconia. This composition can be made as cited in U.S. Patent No. 5,283,041, incorporated herein by reference. In summary, this coprecipitated carrier material preferably comprises in a ratio based on the weight of manganese and zirconium metals from 5:95 to 95: 5; preferably from 10:90 to 75:25; more preferably from 10:90 to 50:50; and even more preferred from 15:85 to 50:50. A useful and preferred embodiment comprises a weight ratio of Mn: Zr of 20:80. U.S. Patent No. 5,283,041 discloses a preferred method for making a coprecipitate of a manganese oxide component and a zirconia component. As cited in U.S. Patent No. 5, 283,041 a zirconia oxide and manganese oxide material can be prepared by mixing aqueous solutions of suitable zirconium oxide precursors such as zirconium oxynitrate, zirconium acetate, zirconium oxychloride, or zirconium oxysulfate, and an oxide precursor of suitable manganese such as manganese nitrate, manganese acetate, manganese dichloride or manganese dibromide, by adding a sufficient amount of a base such as ammonium hydroxide to obtain a pH of 8-9, filtering the resulting precipitate, washing with water and drying at 450 ° -500 ° C. A useful support for a catalyst for treating ozone is selected from a support of refractory oxide, preferably alumina and silica-alumina with a more preferred support being a silica-alumina support comprising from 1% to 10% by weight, approximately, of silica and from 90% to 99% by weight of alumina. The refractory oxide supports useful for a catalyst comprising a metal of the platinum group to treat carbon monoxide, are selected from alumina, titania, silica-zirconia and manganese-zirconia. Preferred supports for a catalyst composition for treating carbon monoxide is a zirconia-silica support as cited in U.S. Patent No. 5,145,825, a manganese-zirconia support, as cited in the US Pat. No. 5, 283,041 and alumina of high surface area. Most preferred for the treatment of carbon monoxide is titania. Reduced catalysts bearing titania resulted in a higher carbon monoxide conversion than the corresponding non-reduced catalysts. The support for the catalyst for treating hydrocarbons, such as low molecular weight hydrocarbons, particularly low molecular weight olefinic hydrocarbons having from 2 to about 20 carbon atoms, and typically from 2 to about 8 carbon atoms, as well as partially hydrocarbons oxygenates, preferably selected from refractory metal oxide including alumina and titania. As with the catalysts for treating carbon monoxide, the reduced catalysts result in a higher conversion of hydrocarbons. Particularly preferred is a titania support, which has been found useful as it results in a catalyst composition having an improved ozone conversion, as well as a significant conversion of carbon monoxide and low molecular weight olefins. Also useful are the macroporous refractory oxides of high surface area, preferably alumina and titania, which have a surface area greater than 150 m / g, and preferably ranging from about 150 to 350, preferably from 200 to 300, and more preferably from 225 to 275 m2 / g; a porosity greater than 0.5 cc / g, typically from 0.5 to 4.0 and preferably from 1 to 2 cc / g, measured based on mercury porosimetry; and particle sizes ranging from 0.1 to 10 μm. A useful material is Versal GL alumina which has a surface area of approximately 260 m2 / g, a porosity of 1.4 to 1.5 cc / g and supplied by LaRoche Industries. A preferred refractory support for platinum, for use in the treatment of carbon monoxide and / or hydrocarbons, is titania dioxide. The titania can be used in the form of a bulky powder or in the form of a titania dioxide solution. The catalyst composition can be prepared by adding a metal of the platinum group in a liquid medium, preferably in the form of a solution such as platinum nitrate, with the titania solution, the most preferred solution being. The suspension obtained can then be coated on a suitable substrate such as an atmosphere treatment surface such as a radiator, metal monolith substrate or ceramic substrate. The metal of the preferred platinum group is a platinum compound. The catalyst in platinum titania solution from the above process has a high activity for carbon monoxide and / or hydrocarbon oxidation at an ambient operating temperature. Metal components other than platinum components, which can be combined with the titania solution include gold, palladium, rhodium and silver components. A component of the reduced platinum group, preferably a platinum component or titanium catalyst, which is indicated as being preferred to treat carbon monoxide, has also been found useful and preferred for treating hydrocarbons, particularly olefinic hydrocarbons. A preferred titania solution support comprises titania having a particle size ranging from about 1 to about 10, and typically from about 2 to 5 nm. A titania in preferred volume has a surface area of about 25 to 120 m2 / g and preferably 50 to 100 m2 / g; and a particle size of about 0.1 to 10 μm. A titania support in specific and preferred volume has a surface area of 45-50 m / g a particle size of about 1 μm, and is sold by De Gussa as P-25. A preferred silica-zirconia support comprises 1 to 10 percent silica and 90 to 99 percent zirconia. The preferred support particles have a high surface area, for example from 100 to 500 square meters per gram (m / g) of surface area, preferably from 150 to 450 m2 / g, more preferably from 200 to 400 m2 / g, to improve the dispersion of the catalytic metal component or components thereon. The preferred refractory metal oxide support also has a high porosity, with pores up to about 145 nm radius, for example from about 0.75 to 1.5 cubic centimeters per gram (cm3 / g), preferably from about 0.9 to 1.2 cm3 / g and a pore size in the scale of at least about 50% of the porosity being provided by pores of 5 to 100 nm in radius. A useful ozone treatment catalyst comprises at least one precious metal component, preferably a palladium component dispersed on a suitable support, such as a refractory oxide support. The composition comprises from 0.1 to 20.0 weight percent, preferably from 0.5 to 15 weight percent of the precious metal on the support, such as a refractory oxide support, based on the weight of the precious metal (metal and non-oxide) and to the support. Palladium is preferably used in amounts of 2 to 15, more preferably 5 to 15, and even more preferably 8 to 12 weight percent. The platinum is preferably used from 0.1 to 10, more preferably from 0.1 to 5.0 and even more preferably from 2 to 5 weight percent. Palladium is most preferred to catalyze the reaction of ozone to form oxygen. The support materials can be selected from the group mentioned above. In preferred modalitiesit may also be a component of manganese in volume as specified above, or a manganese component dispersed on the same or different refractory oxide support, as the precise metal, preferably palladium component. There may be up to 80, preferably up to 50, more preferably from 1 to 40 and even more preferably from 5 to 35 weight percent of a manganese component based on the weight of the palladium and manganese metal, in the composition of Pollutant treatment, initiated in another way, may preferably exist from about 2 to 30, and preferably from 2 to 10 weight percent, of a manganese component. The loading of catalysts of 20 to 250 grams and preferably 50 to 250 grams of palladium per cubic foot (g / ft3) of catalyst volume. The volume of catalyst is the total volume of the finished catalyst composition and therefore includes the total volume of the air conditioning condenser or radiator including hollow spaces provided by the gas flow passages. Generally, the higher palladium loading results in a higher ozone conversion, that is, a higher percentage of ozone decomposition in the treated air stream.

Conversions of ozone to oxygen obtained with a palladium / manganese catalyst on alumina support compositions at a temperature of about 40 ° C to 50 ° C have been about 50 mole percent where ozone concentrations vary from 0.1 to 0.4 ppm, and the front speed was approximately 16 km / h (10 miles / h). The lowest conversions were obtained using a platinum catalyst on alumina. Of particular interest is the use of a support comprising the above-described coprecipitated product of a manganese oxide, and zirconia, which is used to support a precious metal, preferably selected from platinum and palladium, and most preferably platinum. Platinum is of particular interest since it has been found to be particularly effective when used on this coprecipitated support, the amount of platinum can vary from 0.1 to 6, preferably from 0.5 to 4, most preferably from 1 to 4, and even more preferably from 2 to 4 weight percent based on the support of platinum metal and the coprecipitate. The use of platinum to treat ozone has been found to be particularly effective in this support. In addition, as discussed below, this catalyst is subtle to treat carbon monoxide. Preferably, the precious metal is platinum and the catalyst is reduced.

Other catalysts useful for catalytically converting ozone to oxygen are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,343,776 and 4,405,507, both incorporated herein by reference. A useful and more preferred composition is disclosed in commonly assigned US Patent Serial No. 08 / 202,397 filed on February 25, 1994, now U.S. Patent No. 5,422,331 and entitled "Light Weight, Low Pressure Drop. Ozone Decomposition Catalyst for Aircraft Applications ", incorporated herein by reference. Still other compositions that can result in the conversion of ozone to oxygen, comprise carbon, and palladium or platinums supported on carbon, manganese dioxide, Carulite® and / or hopcalite. Manganese supported on a refractory oxide has also been found useful as cited above. The carbon monoxide treatment catalysts preferably comprise at least one precious metal component, preferably selected from platinum or palladium components, with the platinum components being preferred. The composition comprises from 0.01 to 20 weight percent, and preferably from 0.5 to 15 weight percent of the precious metal component on a suitable support, such as a refractory oxide support, with the amount of precious metal based on the weight of the precious metal (metal and not the metal component) and the support. Platinum is most preferred and is preferably used in amounts of 0.01 to 10 weight percent and more preferably 0.1 to 5 weight percent, and still preferably 0.1 to 5.0 weight percent. Palladium is useful in amounts of 2 to 15, preferably 5 to 15, and even more preferably 8 to 12 percent by weight. The preferred support is titania, with the titania solution being more preferred, as cited above. When loaded on a monolithic structure, such as a radiator or on other surfaces in contact with the atmosphere, the catalyst load is preferably 1 to 150, and more preferably 10 to 100 grams of platinum per cubic foot (g / ft3), of catalyst volume, and / or 20 to 250 and preferably 50 to 250 grams of palladium per g / ft3 of catalyst volume. The preferred catalysts are reduced. Conversions of 5 to 80 mole percent of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide were obtained using core-coated samples of an automotive radiator having from 1 to 6 weight percent, (based on the metal) of the platinum compositions on titania at temperatures of 25 ° to 90 ° C, where the concentration of carbon monoxide was 15 to 25 parts per million and the space velocity was 300,000 to 500,000 reciprocal hours. Also conversions of 5 to 65 mole percent of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide were obtained using 1.5 to 4.0 mole percent of platinum support compositions on alumina at temperatures of about 95 ° C, where the monoxide concentration of carbon was approximately 15 parts per million and the space velocity was approximately 300,000 reciprocal hours. The lowest conversions were obtained with a support of palladium on ceria. An alternative and preferred catalyst composition for treating carbon monoxide comprises a precious metal component supported on the above-described coprecipitate of a manganese oxide and zirconia. The coprecipitate is formed as described above. The preferred manganese to zirconia ratios are 5:95 to 95: 5; 10:90 to 75:25; 10:90 to 50:50; and 15:85 to 25:75 with a preferred coprecipitate having a manganese oxide to zirconia ratio of 20:80. The percentage of platinum supported on the coprecipitate, based on the platinum metal, ranges from 0.1 to 6, preferably from 0.5 to 4, more preferably from 1 to 4 and more preferably from 2-4 weight percent. Preferably the catalyst is reduced. The catalyst can be reduced in powder form or after it has been placed on a support substrate as a coating. Other useful compositions that can convert carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide include a platinum component supported on carbon or a support comprising manganese dioxide. Catalysts for treating hydrocarbons, typically unsaturated hydrocarbons, more typically saturated monolefins having from 2 to about 20 carbon atoms and in particular, from two to eight carbon atoms, and partially oxygenated hydrocarbons of the aforementioned type, comprises at least one precious metal component, preferably selected from platinum and palladium, with platinum being preferred. Useful catalyst compositions include those described for use in the treatment of carbon monoxide. The composition for treating hydrocarbons comprises from 0.01 to 20% by weight and preferably from 0.5 to 15% by weight of the precious metal component on a suitable support, such as a refractory oxide support, the amount of the precious metal based on the weight of the precious metal, (not of the metal component) and the support. Platinum is most preferred and is preferably used in amounts of 0.01 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight and more preferably 1.0 to 5% by weight. When loaded on a monolithic structure, such as a motor vehicle radiator, or on other surfaces in contact with the atmosphere, the catalyst load is preferably from about 1 to 150, preferably from 10 to 100 grams of palladium per foot. cubic (g / ft- ^) of the catalyst volume. The preferred refractory oxide support is a metal oxide refractory which is preferably selected from ceria, silica, zirconia, alumina, titania and mixtures thereof, most preferably alumina and titania. The preferred titania is characterized by what was presented above, and the most preferred is the titania solution. The preferred catalyst is reduced. The test on a coated automotive radiator resulted in conversions of a low molecular weight mono-olefin such as propylene, to water and carbon dioxide with 1.5 to 4% by weight of platinum on a support of alumina or titania, were from 15 and 25%, when the propylene concentration was about 10 parts per million propylene and the space velocity was about 320,000 reciprocal hours. These catalysts were not reduced. The reduction of the catalyst improves the conversion. Catalysts useful for the oxidation of both carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons generally include those presented above which are very useful for the treatment of either carbon monoxide or hydrocarbons. Most preferred catalysts, which have been found to have good activity for the treatment of both carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon, such as unsaturated olefins, comprise a platinum component supported on a preferred titania support. The composition preferably comprises a • Binder or can be coated on a suitable support structure, in quantities of 0.8 to 1.0 g / inch. A preferred platinum concentration ranges from 2 to 6%, and preferably from 3 to 5% by weight of the platinum metal on the titanium support. The useful and preferred substrate cell densities are equivalent to approximately 300 to 400 cells per 6.45 cm2. The catalyst is preferably • 10 reduced as a powder or on the coated article using a suitable reducing agent. Preferably, the catalyst is reduced in the gas stream comprising approximately 7% hydrogen with the remainder being nitrogen of 200 ° to 500 ° C or 1 to 12 hours. The reduction Most preferred or formation temperature is 400 ° C for 2-6 hours. This catalyst has been found to maintain high activity in air and air moistened at elevated temperatures of up to 100 ° C after prolonged exposure. Useful catalysts, which can treat Both ozone and carbon monoxide comprise at least one precious metal component, more preferably a precious metal selected from palladium, platinum and mixtures thereof, on a suitable support such as a refractory oxide support. The useful refractory oxide supports comprise wax, zirconia, alumina, titania, silica and mixtures thereof, including a mixture of zirconia and silica Jjjfc as specified above. Also useful and preferred as a support are the above-described coprecipitates of manganese oxide and zirconia. The composition comprises from 0.1 to 20.0, preferably from 0.5 to 15, and more preferably from 1 to 10, percent by weight of the precious metal component on the support based on the weight of the precious metal and the support. Palladium is preferably used in amounts of 2 to 15, and more preferably of 3 to 8 per percent by weight. Platinum is preferably used in amounts from 0.1 to 6 percent, and most preferably from 2 to 5 percent by weight. A preferred composition is a composition wherein the refractory component comprises ceria and the precious metal component comprises palladium.

This composition has resulted in relatively high conversions of ozone and carbon monoxide. More particularly, testing this composition on a coated radiator has resulted in a 21% conversion of carbon monoxide into an air stream that comprises 16 ppm of carbon monoxide in contact with a surface at 95 ° C with a front speed of the gas stream being 8 km / h (6 miles / h). The same catalyst resulted in an ozone conversion of 55%, when the stream contained 0.25 ppm of ozone and the surface of The treatment was at 25 ° C with an air flow front speed of 16 km / h (10 miles / h). Also preferred is a composition comprising a precious metal, preferably a metal of the platinum group, most preferably selected from platinum and palladium components, and preferably a platinum component and the coprecipitate previously presented of manganese oxide and zirconia. This precious metal containing catalyst presented above, in the form of a catalyst powder or coating on a suitable substrate is in a reduced form. Preferred reduction conditions include those specified above, the most preferred condition being from 250 ° to 350 ° C for 2 to 4 hours in reducing gas comprising 7% hydrogen and 93% nitrogen. This catalyst has been found particularly useful for treating both carbon monoxide and ozone. Other compositions useful for converting ozone to oxygen and carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide comprise a platinum component supported on carbon, manganese dioxide, or a refractory oxide support, and optionally having an additional manganese component. A useful and preferred catalyst, which can treat ozone, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, as well as partially oxygenated hydrocarbons, comprises a precious metal component, preferably a platinum component on a suitable support, such as a refractory oxide support. Useful refractory oxide supports comprise ceria, zirconia, alumina, titania, silica and mixtures thereof, including a mixture of zirconia and silica as presented above. Also useful is a support including the aforementioned coprecipitate of manganese oxide and zirconia. The composition comprises from 0.1 to 20, preferably from 0.5 to 15 and more preferably from 1 to 10% by weight of the precious metal component on the refractory support based on the weight of the precious metal and the support. When the hydrocarbon component is desired to be converted to carbon dioxide and water, platinum is the most preferred catalyst and is preferably used in amounts of 0.1 to 5%, and more preferably 2 to 5% by weight. In specific embodiments, there may be a combination of catalysts, including the aforementioned catalyst, as well as a catalyst that is particularly preferred for the treatment of ozone, such as a catalyst comprising a manganese component. The manganese component can optionally be combined with a platinum component. Manganese and platinum may be on the same supports or different supports. These can be up to 80, preferably up to 50, preferably from 1 to 40, and more preferably from 10 to 35% by weight of the manganese component based on the weight of the precious metal and manganese in the pollutant treatment composition. . The catalyst loading is the same as that presented above with respect to the ozone catalyst. A preferred composition is a composition, wherein the refractory component comprises a support of alumina or titania, and the precious metal component comprises a platinum component. The test of the composition placed on a radiator, as a coating, has resulted in a conversion of 68 to 72% of carbon monoxide, a conversion of 8 to 15% of ozone and a conversion of 17 to 18% of propylene, when is placed in contact with a surface at 95 ° C with a gas stream front speed of approximately 16 km / h (ten miles / h) (space velocity per hour of 320,000 reciprocal hours), with a point of air condensation at 1.6 ° C (35 ° F). Generally, since the contact surface temperature is reduced and the velocity of space or head speed in the air flow of the atmosphere on the contact surface with the contaminant increases, the conversion percentage is reduced. The activity of the catalyst, particularly for treating carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, can be further improved by reducing the catalyst in a forming gas such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane or hydrocarbon plus nitrogen gas. Alternatively, the reducing agent may be in the form of a liquid, such as a hydrazine, formic acid, and formate salts such as a solution of sodium formate. The catalyst can be reduced as a powder or then placed as a coating on the substrate. The reduction can be conducted by a gas of 150 ° -500 ° C, preferably 200 ° -400 ° C, for 1 to 12 hours, preferably 2 to 8 hours in a preferred process, the coated article or powder can be reduced in a gas comprising 7% hydrogen in nitrogen at 275o-350 ° C for 2 to 4 hours. An alternative composition for use in the method and apparatus of the present invention comprises a catalytically active material selected from the group consisting of precious metal components, including metal components of the platinum group, gold components and silver components and a component of Metal selected from the group consisting of tungsten components and components of rem. The relative amounts of the catalytically active material to the tungsten component and / or rem component, based on the weight of the metal, are from 1-25 to 15-1. The composition containing a tungsten component and / or a reman component preferably comprises tungsten and / or remio in the oxide form. The oxide can be obtained by forming the composition using tungsten or remio salts and the composition can be subsequently calcined to form tungsten oxide and / or rust oxide. The composition may further comprise components such as support including refractory oxide support, manganese, carbon components, and coprecipitates of a manganese oxide and zirconia. Useful refractory oxides include alumina, silica, titania, ceria, zirconia, chromia and mixtures thereof. The composition may further comprise a binder material, such as metal solutions including solutions of alumina or titania or polymeric binder, which may be provided in the form of a polymeric latex binder. In preferred compositions, there are from 0.5 to 15, preferably from 1 to 10, and more preferably from 3 to 5 weight percent of the catalytically active material. The preferred catalytically active materials are the platinum group metals, with platinum and palladium being preferred, with platinum being more preferred. The amount of tungsten and / or metal-based compounds varies from 1 to 25, preferably from 2 to 15, and more preferably from 3 to 10 weight percent. The amount of binder may vary from 0 to 20 weight percent, preferably from 0.5 to 20, preferably from 2 to 10, and most preferably from 2 to 5 weight percent. Depending on the support material, a binder is not necessary in this composition. Preferred compositions comprise from 60 to 98.5 percent by weight of a refractory oxide support, from 0.5 to 15 percent by weight of a catalytically active material, from 1 to 25 percent by weight of the tungsten and / or remio component, and from 0 to 10 weight percent of a binder. Compositions containing the tungsten component and the rem component can be calcined under conditions presented above. In addition, the composition can be reduced. However, as shown in the examples below, the compositions do not need to be reduced and the presence of the tungsten and / or remio component can result in conversions of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons comparable with compositions containing platinum group metals, which have been reduced. The contaminant treatment compositions of the present invention preferably comprise a binder, which acts to adhere the composition and to provide adhesion to the surface of contact with the atmosphere. It has been found that a preferred binder is a polymeric binder, used in amounts of 0.5 to 20, more preferably 2 to 10, and preferably 2 to 5 weight percent of the binder based on the weight of the composition. Preferably, the binder is a polymeric binder, which can be a thermoplastic or thermoplastic polymer binder. The polymeric binder may have suitable stabilizers and aging resistors known in the polymeric art. The polymer can be a plastic or elastomeric polymer. The most preferred polymers are thermosetting, elastomeric polymers introduced as a latex to the catalyst in a suspension of the catalyst composition, preferably an aqueous suspension. After application of the composition and heating of the binder material, interlacing of a suitable support can be provided, which improves the integrity of the coating, its adhesion to the surface of contact with the atmosphere and provides structural stability under vibrations found in the motor vehicles. The use of preferred polymeric binders allows the contaminant treatment composition to adhere to the atmosphere contact surface without the need for a coating layer. The binder may comprise water resistant additives to improve water resistance and improve adhesion, such additives may include fluorocarbon emulsions and petroleum wax emulsions. Useful polymer compositions include polyethylene, polypropylene, polyolefin copolymers, polyisoprene, polybutadiene, polybutadiene copolymers, chlorinated rubber, nitrile rubber, polychloroprene, ethylene-propylene-diene elastomers, polystyrene, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl esters, etc. polyvinyl halides, polyamides, cellulose polymers, polyimides, acrylics, vinyl acrylics, and styrene acrylics, polyvinyl alcohol, thermoplastic polyesters, heat setting polyesters, poly (phenylene oxide), poly (phenylene sulfide), chlorinated polymers such as poly (tetrafluoroethylene) chloride, polyvinylidene fluoride, poly (vinyl fluoride) and chlorine / fluoro copolymers, such as ethylene copolymers ^ 10 chlorotropfluoroethylene, polyamide, phenolic resins and epoxy resins, polyurethane and silicone polymers. A more preferred polymeric material is a polymeric acrylic latex as described in the appended examples. Polymers and copolymers particularly Preferred are vinyl acrylic polymers and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers. A preferred vinyl acrylic copolymer is an entanglement polymer sold by National Starch and Chemical Company as Xlink 2833. This is described as an acrylic vinyl polymer that has a Tg -15 ° C, 45% solids, a pH of 4.5 and a viscosity of 300 cps. In particular, it is indicated that you have vinyl acetate CAS No. 108-05-4 on a lower concentration scale than 0. 5 percent. It is indicated that it is a vinyl acetate copolymer. Other preferred vinyl acetate copolymers, which are sold by the National Starch and Chemical Company include Dur-O-Set-E-623 and Dur-O-Set-E-646. Dur-O-flfe Set-E-623 is indicated to be ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers having a Tg of 0 ° C, 52% solids, a pH of 5.5 and a viscosity of 200 cps. Dur-O-Set-E-646 is indicated to be an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer with a Tg of -12 ° C, 52% solids, a pH of 5.5 and a viscosity of 300 cps. An alternative and useful binder material is the use of a zirconium compound. Acetate is preferred zirconyl as the zirconium compound used. It is believed that zirconia acts as a high temperature stabilizer, promotes catalytic activity and improves catalyst adhesion. After calcination, zirconium compounds, such as zirconium acetate, are converted to Zr02, which is believed to be the binder material. Various useful zirconium compounds include acetate, hydroxys, nitrates, etc., to generate Zr02 in the catalysts. In the case of using zirconyl acetate, as a binder for the catalysts herein, Zr02 will not be formed unless the radiator lining is calcinated. Since good adhesion has been obtained at the "calcination" temperature of only 120 ° C, it is believed that zirconium acetate does not have to be decomposed to zirconium oxide, but rather has been formed into a network interlaced with the contaminant treatment material such as Carulite® particles and the acetate that was formed from the ball mill with acetic acid. Accordingly, the use of any of the zirconium-containing compounds in the catalysts herein is not restricted to zirconia only. In addition, the zirconium compounds can be used with other binders such as the aforementioned polymeric binder. An alternative contaminant treatment catalyst composition may comprise an activated carbon composition. The carbon composition comprises activated carbon, a binder, such as a polymeric binder, and optionally conventional additives, such as defoamer and the like. A useful activated carbon composition comprises from 75 to 85 weight percent activated carbon such as "coconut shell" carbon or wood carbon and a binder such as an acrylic binder with a defoamer. Useful suspensions comprise from 10 to 50 weight percent solids. Activated carbon can catalyze the reduction of ozone to oxygen, as well as absorb other pollutants. The contaminant treatment catalyst compositions of the present invention can be prepared by any suitable method. A preferred process is described in US Patent No. 4, 134,860, incorporated herein by reference. According to this method, the refractory oxide support such as activated alumina, titania or activated silica-alumina is jet milling impregnated with a catalytic metal salt, preferably a precious metal salt solution and calcined at a suitable temperature typically from 300 ° C to about 600 ° C, preferably from 350 ° C to about 550 ° C, and most preferably from 400 ° C to about 500 ° C for about 0.5 to about 12 hours. The palladium salts with preferably a palladium nitrate or a palladium amine such as palladium tetramine acetate, or tetraminpalladium hydroxide. The platinum salts preferably include platinum hydroxide solubilized in an amine. In specific and preferred embodiments the calcined catalyst is reduced as specified above. In an ozone treatment composition, a manganese salt, such as manganese nitrate, can then be mixed with the palladium supported with dry and calcined alumina in the presence of deionized water. The amount of water added must be an amount to the point of dryness of the incipient. Reference is made to the method presented in United States Patent No. 4,134,860, mentioned in the foregoing and incorporated. The point of dryness of the incipient is the point at which the amount of liquid added is the lowest concentration at which the mixture in * powder is sufficiently dry, in order to absorb essentially all the liquid. In this manner, a soluble manganese salt such as Mn (N03) 2 in water can be added to the calcined supported catalytic precious metal. The mixture is then dried and calcined at a suitable temperature, preferably 400 to 500 ° C and for 0.5 to about 12 hours. Alternatively, the supported catalyst powder (ie palladium supported on alumina) can be combined with a liquid, preferably water, to form a suspension to which is added a solution of a manganese salt, such as Mn (N03) 2. Preferably, the manganese component and the palladium supported on a refractory support such as activated alumina, most preferably activated silica-alumina, is mixed with a suitable amount of water to result in a suspension having from 15 to 40%, and preferably from 20 to 35 percent solids. The combined mixture can be placed as a coating on a vehicle, such as a radiator, and the radiator is air dried at ambient conditions such as 50 ° C to 150 ° C for 1 to 12 hours. The substrate, which supports the coating, can then be heated in an oven to suitable conditions, typically 300 ° C to 550 ° C, preferably 350 ° C to 500 ° C, preferably 350 ° C to 450 ° C. and most preferably at 400 ° C and 500 ° C in an oxygen-containing atmosphere, preferably air for about 0.5 to about 12 hours to calcinate the components and help secure the coating to the contact surface with the substrate atmosphere. When the composition further comprises a precious metal component, it is preferably reduced after calcination. The method of the present invention includes forming a mixture comprising a catalytically active material selected from at least one metal component of the platinum group, a gold component, a silver component, a manganese component and water. The catalytically active material can be on a suitable support, preferably a refractory oxide support. The mixture can be milled, calcined and optionally reduced. The calcination step can be conducted before adding the polymeric binder. It is also preferred to reduce the catalytically active material before adding the polymeric binder. The suspension comprises a carboxylic acid compound, or a polymer containing carboxylic acid in an amount that results in a pH of about 3 to 7., typically from 3 to 6 and preferably from 0.5 to 15 weight percent of glacial acetic acid based on the weight of the catalytically active material and the acetic acid. The amount of water can be added as adequate to obtain a desired viscosity suspension. The percentage of solids is typically from 20 to 50, and preferably from 30 to 40 weight percent. The preferred vehicle is deionized water (D.I). The acetic acid can be added after the formation of the mixture of the catalytically active material, which may have been calcined, with water. Alternatively, the acetic acid can be added with the polymeric binder. A preferred composition for treating ozone using manganese dioxide as the catalyst, can be made using approximately 1,500 g of manganese dioxide, which is mixed with 2,250 g of deionized water, and 75 g of acetic acid. The mixture is combined in a 3.78-liter ball mill (1 gallon) and milled by ball mill for about 8 hours until approximately 90% of the particles are less than 8 microns. The ball mill is drained and 150 g of the polymeric binder are added. Then, the mixture is combined in a roller mill for 30 minutes. The resulting mixture is ready to be coated on a suitable substrate, such as an automotive radiator, according to the methods described below. The contaminant treatment composition can be applied to the vehicle contact surface with the atmosphere through suitable means such as spray coating, powder coating, or brushing or dripping the surface in the catalyst suspension. The contact surface with the atmosphere is preferably cleaned to remove dust from the surface, particularly oils, which can result in poor adhesion of the contaminant treatment composition to the surface. When possible, it is preferred to heat the substrate on which the surface is located at a temperature high enough to volatilize or burn the waste and oils from the surface. When the substrate on which a contact surface with the atmosphere is made of a material that can withstand high temperatures such as an aluminum radiator, the substrate surface can be treated in such a manner in order to improve adhesion to the composition of catalyst, preferably the ozone carbon monoxide catalyst composition, and / or hydrocarbon. One method is to heat the aluminum substrate such as the radiator, at a sufficient temperature in the air for a sufficient time to form a thin layer of aluminum oxide on the surface. This helps clean the surface by removing oils that may be harmful to the adhesion. In addition, if the surface is aluminum, a sufficient layer of oxidized aluminum has been found to be capable of being formed by heating the radiator in the air for 0.5 to 24 hours, preferably 8 to 24 hours, and most preferably 12 to 20 hours from 350 ° C to 500 ° C, preferably from 400 to 500 ° C and more preferably from 425 to 475 ° C. In some cases, sufficient adhesion without the use of an overcoat layer has been obtained when an aluminum radiator has been heated at 450 ° C for 16 hours in the air. This method is particularly useful when the coating is applied to new surfaces, such as radiators or air conditioning condensers before being assembled in a motor vehicle either as an original equipment or as a replacement. The adhesion can be improved by applying a supercoat or pre-coating to the substrate. Useful overcoats or precoats include refractory oxide supports of the type discussed above, with alumina being preferred. A preferred overcoat for increasing the adhesion between the surface contact surface and an overcoat of the ozone catalyst composition is described in commonly assigned U.S. Patent No. 5,422,331, incorporated herein by reference. The overcoat layer is described comprising a mixture of a refractory metal oxide in fine particles and a solution selected from solutions of silica, alumina, zirconia and titania. According to the method of the present invention, the surfaces in existing vehicles can be coated, while the substrate such as the radiator, the radiator fan 5 or the air conditioning condenser is located in the vehicle. The catalyst composition can be applied directly to the surface. When additional adhesion is desired, an overcoat can be used as explained above. When it is practical to separate the radiator from the vehicle, a support material can be formed such as activated alumina, silica-alumina, titania by volume, titania solution, silica zirconia, manganese zirconia and others as explained above, to a suspension and coated on the substrate, preferably with a silica solution to improve adhesion. He The pre-coated substrate can subsequently be coated with precious metal salts, such as the salts of platinum and / or palladium, and optionally manganese nitrate. The coated substrate can then be heated in an air oven for a sufficient time (0.5 to 12 hours, 350 ° C to 550 ° C) to calcinate the palladium and manganese components to form its oxides.

The invention may comprise absorption compositions supported on the surface of contact with the atmosphere. The absorption compositions can be used to absorb gaseous contaminants such as hydrocarbons and sulfur dioxide as well as particulate matter such as particulate hydrocarbon, soot, pollen, bacteria and germs. Suitable supported compositions can include absorbers such as zeolite to absorb hydrocarbons. Useful zeolitic compositions are described in Publication No. WO 94/27709, published December 8, 1994 and entitled Nitrus Oxide Decomposition Catalyst, incorporated herein by reference. Particularly preferred zeolites are betazeolite, and dealuminated zeolite Y. Carbon, preferably activated carbon, can be formed in carbon absorption compositions comprising activated carbon and binders such as polymers known in the art. The carbon absorption composition can be applied to the surface of contact with the atmosphere. Activated carbon can absorb hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, bacteria, pollen and the like. Still another absorption composition may include components that can absorb S03. A particularly useful S03 absorber is calcium oxide. The calcium oxide is converted to calcium sulfate. The calcium oxide absorbing compositions can also contain a vanadium or platinum catalyst, which can be used to convert sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide, which can then be absorbed onto the calcium oxide to form the calcium sulfate. In addition to the treatment of pollutants containing atmospheric air at ambient conditions or environmental operating conditions, the present invention contemplates the catalytic oxidation and / or reduction of hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and residual carbon monoxide, using 3 conventional forms of supported catalyst on electrically heated catalysts such as those known in the art. The electrically heated catalysts can be located on the electrically heated catalyst monolith 56, illustrated in Figure 1. Electrically heated catalyst substrates are known in the art, and are described in references such as U.S. Patent Nos. 5,308,591 and 5,317,869 incorporated herein by reference. For the purposes of the present invention, the electrically heated catalyst is a metal honeycomb having a thickness suitable for fixing in the direction of flow, preferably from 0.31 to 30.4 cm, (1/8 inch to 12 inches) and preferably from 1.27 to 7.62 cm (0.5 to 3 inches). When the electrically heated catalyst must be fixed to a narrow space, it may be 0.635 to 3.81 cm (0.25 to 1.5 inches) thick. Preferred supports are monolithic carriers of the type having a plurality of thin, parallel gas flow passages extending through an inlet front towards an outlet face of the carrier, so that the passages open to the incoming air flow. from the front part 26 and passing through the monolith 56 in the direction towards the fan 20. Preferably, the passages are essentially vertical from their entrance to their outlet, and are defined by walls where the catalytic material is placed as a coating of washed so that the gases that flow through the passages come into contact with the catalytic material. The flow passages of the monolithic carrier are thin-walled channels, which may be of any suitable cross-sectional size, such as trapezoid, rectangular, square, sinusoidal, hexagonal, oval, circular, or formed of metallic components, which are corrugated and flattened as is well known in the art. Such structures may contain from about 387 to 3870 (60 to 600) gas inlet openings ("cells") by 6.45 cm2 cross section. The monolith can be made of any suitable material and is preferably capable of being heated after applying an electric current. A useful catalyst to apply is the 3-component catalyst (TWC) as noted above, which can improve the oxidation of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide as well as the reduction of nitrogen oxide. Useful TWC catalysts are presented in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,714,694; 4,738,947; 5,010,051; 5,057,483; and 5,139,992. The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of this invention. EXAMPLES Example 1 A 1993 Nissan radiator core (Nissan part number 21460-1E400) was treated with heating in air at 450 ° C for 16 hours to clean and oxidize the surface, and then a portion was coated with an overcoat of silica-alumina of high surface area (dry loading 0. 23 g / in3) by draining a suspension of water containing silica-alumina through the radiator channels, blowing the excess air with a gun, and drying at room temperature with a fan, and then calcining at 450 ° C. The silica-alumina suspension was prepared by grinding in a calcined SRS-II alumina ball mill of high surface area (Davison) with acetic acid (0.5% based on alumina) and water (total solids approximately 20% ) at a particle size of 90% < 4 μm. The ground material in a ball mill was then mixed with a Nalco silica solution (# 91SJ06S - 28% solids) in a ratio of 25% / 75%. The SRS-II alumina was specified to have a structure of xSi02y.Al203. zH20 with 92-95% by weight of Al203 and 4-7% by Si02 after activation. The surface area of BET was specified as a minimum of 260 m2 / g after calcination. A catalyst suspension of Pd / Mn / Al203 (nominally 10% by weight of palladium on alumina) was prepared by impregnating the alumina SRS-II of high surface area (Davison) to the point of incipient dryness, with a solution of water containing sufficient palladium tetramine-acetate. The resulting powder was dried and then calcined for 1 hour at 450 ° C. The powder was subsequently mixed under high shear stress with a solution of manganese nitrate water (amount equivalent to 5.5% by weight of Mn02 on the alumina powder) and sufficient dilution water to produce a suspension with a solids content of 32.34. %. The radiator was coated with the suspension, dried in air using a fan, and then calcined in air at 450 ° C for 16 hours. The ozone destruction catalyst contained palladium (dry load = 263 g / ft3) of the radiator volume) and manganese dioxide (dry load = 142 g / ft3) over the SRS-II alumina of high surface area. The partially coated radiator was compared to the cooling tanks, also referred to as upper, which are shown in Figure 8. The ozone destruction performance of the coated catalyst was determined by blowing a stream of air containing a given ozone concentration through the the radiator channels at typical forward velocities of drive speeds and then measuring the concentration of ozone leaving the rear face of the radiator. The air used was at approximately 20 ° C and had a dew point of approximately 1.6 ° C (35 ° F). The coolant fluid was recirculated through the radiator at a temperature of about 50 ° C. Ozone concentrations ranged from 0.1-0.4 ppm. Ozone conversion was measured at linear air velocities (head speeds) equivalent to 20 km / h (12.5 miles / h) for 43%; at 40 km / h (25 miles / h) for 33%; at 60 km / h (37.5 miles / h) for 30% and at 78.4 km / h (49 miles / h) for 24%. Example 2 (Comparative) A portion of the same radiator used in Example 1, which was not coated with the catalyst, is similarly evaluated for ozone destruction performance (i.e., control experiment). No ozone conversion was observed.

Example 3 After heat treatment for 60 hours in air at 450 ° C, a Lincoln Town Car radiator core (part # FlVY-8005-A) was coated sequentially in patches of 5 38.7 x 38.7 (6"x 6") with a variety of different ozone destruction catalyst compositions (ie, different catalysts, catalyst loading, binder formulations, and heat treatments). Several of the radiator patches were coated with alumina • 10 of high surface area or silica-alumina, and calcined at 450 ° C before being coated with the catalyst. The actual coating was achieved similarly to Example 1, by emptying a suspension of water containing the specific catalyst formulation through the radiator channels, the excess was blown with an air gun, and dried at room temperature with a fan. The radiator core • was then dried at 120 ° C or dried at 120 ° C and then calcined at 400 to 450 ° C. The radiator core was then reattached to its plastic tanks and the ozone destruction performance of the various catalysts, at a radiator surface temperature of about 40 ° C to 50 ° C, and a front speed of 16 km / h (10 miles / h) as described in Example 1. Table I summarizes the variety of catalysts placed as coatings on the radiator. The details of the catalyst suspension preparations are given below. A Pt / Al203 catalyst (nominally 2% by weight Pt in Al203) is prepared by impregnating 114 g of a platinum salt solution derived from H2Pt (OH) g solubilized in an amine (17.9% Pt), dissolved in 520 g of water to 1000 g of Codea SBA-150 high surface area alumina powder (specified to be approximately 150 m2 / g). Subsequently 49.5 g of acetic acid were added. The powder was then dried at 110 ° C for 1 hour and calcined at 550 ° C for 2 hours. A catalyst suspension was then prepared by adding 875 g of the powder to 1069 g of water and 44.6 g of acetic acid in a ball mill and the mixture was ground to a particle size of 90% of < 10 μm. (Patches 1 and 4). A carbon catalyst slurry was a formulation (29% solids) purchased from Grant Industries, Inc. Elmwood Park, NJ. The carbon was derived from coconut shell. There is an acrylic binder and a defoamer. (Patches 8 and 12). The Carulite ^ (Cu / Mn02) catalyst was prepared by first grinding in a ball mill 1000 g of Carulite® 200 (purchased from Carus Chemical Co., Chicago, IL) with 1500 g of water at a particle size of 90% < 6 μm. Carulite® 200 was specified as containing 60 to 75 weight percent of MnO2, 11-14 percent of CuO and 15-60% of Al203. The resulting suspension was diluted to approximately 28% solids and then mixed with either 3% (solid base) of a Nalco # 1056 or 2% silica solution (solid base) of the National Starch # x4260 acrylic copolymer. (Patches 5, 9 and 10). The catalyst suspension Pd / Mn / Al203 (nominally 10% by weight of palladium on alumina) was prepared as described in Example 1 (Patches 2, 3 and 6). A catalyst was similarly prepared Pd / Mn / Al203 I.W. (incipient dryness) (nominally 8% palladium and 5.5% alumina-based Mn02) by first impregnating SRS-II alumina of high surface area (Davison) to the point of incipient dryness with a water solution containing palladium tetraminacetate. After drying and calcining the powder for 2 hours at 450 ° C, the powder was again impregnated to the point of incipient dryness with a solution of water, containing manganese nitrate. Again, after drying and calcination at 450 ° C for 2 hours, the powder was mixed in a ball mill with acetic acid (3% catalyst powder) and enough water to create a suspension of 35% solids. Then, the mixture was milled until the particle size was 90% of < 8 μm.

(Patches 7 and 11).

The precoat suspension of Si02 / Al2? 3 was Wk prepared as described in Example 1 (Patches 3 and 11). The precoating suspension of Al20-_ was prepared by grinding in a high surface alumina SBA-150 Condea 5 ball mill with acetic acid (5% by weight based on alumina) and water (total solids content approximately 44%) a particle size of 90% of < 10 μM (Patches 9 and 12). The results are summarized in Table I. The • 10 carbon monoxide conversion after being on the car for 8000 km (5,000 miles), was also measured at the conditions presented in Example 1 for patch # 4. At a radiator temperature of 50 ° C and at a speed of 16 km / h (10 miles / h), no conversion was observed. fifteen TABLE I-SUMMARY OF CATALYST • Example 4 A radiator core was heated 1993 Nissan Altima (Nissan part number 21460 -1E400) in air at 400 ° C during 16 hours and then a portion was coated with alumina SBA-5 150 of high surface area Condea (dry load = 0. 86 g / in3) by draining a suspension of water containing the alumina through the radiator channels, blowing the excess air with a gun, and drying at room temperature with a fan, and then calcining at 400 ° C. The The alumina pre-coating suspension was prepared as described in Example 3. The radiator was then sequentially coated in patches of 12.9 x 12.9 cm2 (2"x 2") with seven different CO destruction catalysts.

(Table II). Each coating was applied by emptying a suspension of water containing the specific catalyst formulation through the radiator channels, blowing the excess with an air gun and drying at room temperature with a fan. Carulite® catalysts were prepared and 2% Pt / Al203 (Patches # 4 and # 6, respectively) according to the procedure described in Example 3. The 3% Pt / Zr? 2Si? 2 catalyst (Patch # 3) was first calcined 510 g of zirconia / silica frying (95% Zr02 / 5% of SÍO2 -Magnesio Elektron XZ678 / 01) for 1 hour at 500 ° C. Then, a catalyst suspension was prepared by adding 480 g of deionized water, 468 g of resultant powder, 42 g of glacial acetic acid, and 79.2 g of a platinum salt solution (18.2% Pt) derived from H2Pt (OH) 6 solubilized with amine. The resulting mixture was milled in a ball mill for 8 hours at a particle size of 90% less than 3 μm. The 3% Pt / Ti02 catalyst (Patch # 7) was prepared by mixing in a conventional mixer, 500 g of TiO2 (Degussa P25), 500 g of deionized water, 12 g of concentrated ammonium hydroxide, and 82 g of a platinum salt solution (18.2% Pt) derived from H2Pt (OH) g solubilized with an amine. After mixing for 5 minutes at a particle size of 90% less than 5 μm, 32.7 g of a Nalco 1056 silica solution and sufficient deionized water were added to reduce the solids content of about 22%. The resulting mixture was mixed on a roller mill to mix all the ingredients. The catalyst suspension of 3% Pt / Mn / Zr02 (Patch # 5) was prepared by combining in a ball mill 70 g of manganese / zirconia frying comprising a coprecipitate of 20 weight percent manganese and 80 weight percent. zirconium weight based on the weight of the metal (Magnesium Elektron XZO719 / 01) 100 g of deionized water, 3.5 g of acetic acid and 11.7 g of a platinum salt solution (18.2% Pt) derived from H2Pt (0H) g , solubilized with an amine. The resulting mixture was milled for 16 hours at a particle size of 90% less than 10 μm. The 2% Pt / Ce02 catalyst (Patch # 1) was prepared by impregnating 490 g of ceria of high surface area stabilized with alumina (Rhone Poulenc) with 54.9 g of a platinum salt solution (18.2% of Pt) derived of H2Pt (OH) 6 solubilized with an amine and dissolved in deionized water (total volume 155 ml). The powder was dried at 110 ° C for 6 hours and calcined at 400 ° C for 2 hours. Then, a catalyst suspension was prepared by adding 491 g of the powder to 593 g of deionized water in a ball mill and then milling the mixture for 2 hours at a particle size of 90% less than 4 μm. A 4.6% catalyst of Pd / Ce02 (Patch # 2) was prepared similarly through impregnation of incipient moisture using 209. 5 g (180 ml) of a palladium tetramine acetate solution. After all seven catalysts were applied, the radiator was calcined for approximately 16 hours at 400 ° C. After joining the radiator core to the plastic tanks, the destruction performance of the various catalysts was determined by blowing a CO air stream (approximately 16 ppm) through the radiator channels at a linear front speed of 9. km / h (5 miles / h) (315, 000 / h space velocity) and then the concentration of CO that left the rear face of the radiator was measured. The radiator temperature was about 95 ° C, and the air stream had a dew point of about 1.6 ° C (35 ° F). The results are summarized in Table II. The ozone destruction performance was measured as described in Example 1 at 25 ° C, 0.25 ppm ozone and a linear front speed of 16 km / h (10 miles / h) with a flow of 135.2 L / minute and a space speed per hour of 640,000 / h. The air used had a dew point of 1.6 ° C (35 ° F). The results are summarized in Table II. Figure 9 illustrates the conversion of CO against the temperature for Patches numbers 3, 6 and 7.

The catalysts were also tested for the destruction of propylene by blowing a propylene-containing air stream (approximately 10 ppm) through the radiator channels at a linear front speed of 9 km / h (5 miles / h), with a speed flow rate of 68.2 L / minute and a space velocity per hour of 320,000 / h, and then the concentration of propylene leaving the rear face of the radiator was measured. The radiator temperature was about 95 ° C, and the air stream had a dew point of about 1.6 ° C (35 ° F). The results are summarized in Table II.

TABLE 11 - SUMMARY OF THE CONVERSION OF CO / HC / OZONE This example summarizes the technical results of the road vehicle tests conducted in February and March 1995 in the Los Angeles area. The purpose of the test was to measure the decomposition efficiency of catalytic ozone over a catalytic radiator under real driving conditions. The Los Angeles (LA) area was chosen as the most appropriate test site primarily because of its measurable ozone levels during this March testing period. In addition, specific management routes are defined in the LA area which are typical of the AM and PM peak and off-peak management. Two different catalyst compositions were evaluated: 1) Carulite® 200 (CuO / Mn02 / Al203 purchased from Carus Chemical Company) and 2) Pd / Mn / Al2 ?3 77 g / ft3 of Pd) prepared as described in Example 3. Both catalysts were coated as a patch coating solution on a V-6 engine aluminum radiator of the latest model Cadilac. The radiator was an aluminum replacement for the copper-bronze OEM radiator which was placed in a Chevrolet Caprice test vehicle. The car was equipped with a 0.63 cm (1/4") Teflon® PTFE sampling line located directly behind each catalyst patch and behind an uncoated portion of the radiator (control patch). Ozone levels in the environment (catalyst) through a sampling line placed in front of the radiator Ozone concentrations were measured with two Dasibi Model 1003AH ozone monitors located in the rear seat of the vehicle. with epoxy) directly on each radiator test patch within a few centimeters of the sampling line I. An individual air velocity probe was mounted on the front of the radiator in half between the two patches. ozone analyzers, temperature probes, air speed probes and vehicle speed gauge were collected on a personal computer located on the truck and unloaded on flexi discs. The complete results of the test are summarized in Table III below. For each catalyst (CaruliteR &Pd / Mn / A ^ C ^), results were reported for cold standstill, hot standstill, and road handling. The data was collected in two separate trips to Los Angeles in February and March 1995. The first trip was shortened shortly after a few days, due to low levels of ozone in the environment. Although a little higher during the second trip in March, the levels in the environment continued to average only about 40 ppb. The last three days of testing (March 17-20) had the highest ozone found. The peak levels were approximately 100 ppb. In general, no tendency was observed in the conversion against ozone concentration. Except for the results of cold stop, those reported in Table III are averages of at least 7 different operations (the actual scale of values appears in parentheses). Only the data corresponding to the input ozone concentration greater than or equal to 30 ppb were included. Road data were not included as environmental levels dropped to 20 ppb or less. Only two operations were completed for the cold stop tests. Cold standstill refers to the data collected immediately after the vehicle is switched on during standstill before the thermostat is turned on and pumping hot cooling fluid to the radiator. Especially, the ozone conversions were very good for both catalysts with the highest values obtained during the hot stop. This can be attributed to the higher temperatures and lower front speeds associated with idle. The cold stopped gave the lowest conversion due to the lowest ambient temperature of the radiator surface. The results of the handling were intermediate in the results of hot and cold standing. Although the radiator was heated, the temperature was lower and the head speed was higher than those found with hot standstill conditions. In general, the measured ozone conversions for CaruliteR were greater than those measured for Pd / Mn / Al203 (for example, 78.1 vs. 73.0% while driving). However, for hot standstill and handling operations, the average temperature of the CaruliteR catalyst was typically 4.4 ° C (40 ° F) higher than the Pd / Mn / Al203 catalyst, while the front speed of the radiator average was typically 1.6 km / h (1 miles / h) lower. Above all, the results indicate that ozone can be decomposed at high conversion rates under typical handling conditions.

In general, the results of the motor test are consistent with the fresh activity measured in the laboratory before the installation of the radiator. TO ? room temperature (~ 25 ° C), 20% relative humidity (0.7% absolute water vapor) and an equivalent front speed of 16 km / h (10 miles / h), 5 laboratory conversions were obtained for Pd / Mn / Al203 and Carulite ^ of 55 and 69% respectively. Increasing the RH to 70% at room temperature (~ 25 ° C) (2.3% absolute water vapor) the conversions were reduced to 38 and 52% respectively. Since the conversions from cold stand (21.1 ° C (70 ° F)) measurements at a front speed of 14.4 km / h (9 miles / h) were 48 and 67% respectively, it seems that the humidity levels found during this test were low. The front air velocity entering the radiator was low. At the average handling speed of absolutely 32 km / h (20 miles / h) (typical of local driving), the front speed of the radiator was only • around 20.8 km / h (13 miles / h). Even in the fast lanes speeds in excess of 96 km / h (60 miles / h), the front speed of the radiator was only 40 km / h (25 miles / h). The fan significantly affected the control of air flow through the radiator. While idling, the fan is typically dragged approximately 12.8 km / h (8 miles / h).

EXAMPLE 6 8 weight percent of Pd was prepared on the Carulite catalyst by impregnating 100 g of powdered Carulite ^ - 200 (ground in a mixer) to the point of incipient dryness with 69.0 g of a water solution containing palladium tetraminacetate ( 12.6% of GDP). The powder was dried overnight at 90 ° C and then calcined at 450 ° C or 550 ° C for 2 hours. Then 92 g of the resulting calcined catalyst was combined with 171 g of deionized water in a ball mill to create a suspension with a solids content of 35%. After grinding for 30 minutes at a particle size of 90% = 9 μm, 3.1 g of National Starch x4260 acrylic latex binder (50% solids) was added, and the resulting mixture was ground for an additional 30 minutes to disperse the binder. The compositions containing 2.4 and 6 weight percent of Pd on Carulite R catalysts were similarly preparer and evaluated. The catalysts were evaluated for the decomposition of ozone at room temperature and at a space velocity of 630,000 / h, using ceramic panels with a wash coating with 300 cpsi (cells per 6.45 cm2). The catalyst samples were prepared as presented above. The results are summarized in Table IV. As can be easily seen, the 4 and 8% Pd / Carulite R catalysts, which were calcined at 450 ° C, gave equivalent initial ozone conversions of 45 minutes (approximately 62 and 60% respectively). These results are equivalent to those of CaruliteR under the identical test conditions. The Pd 2 and 4 catalysts, which were calcined at 550 ° C, gave significantly lower conversions after 45 minutes (47%). This was attributed to a loss in the surface area at the upper calcination temperature. He • 10 6% catalyst was also calcined at 550 ° C, but showed no drop. great activity.

• Example 7 A series of tests were conducted to evaluate a variety of catalyst compositions comprising a palladium component to treat air containing 0.25 ppm of ozone. The air was at ambient conditions (23 ° C; 0. 6% water). The compositions were coated on a ceramic flow of 300 cells per 6.45 square centimeters (cordierite) through a honeycomb at loads of approximately 2 g of the wash coating per cubic centimeter of substrate. The coated monoliths containing the various supported palladium catalysts, were charged to a stainless steel pipe with a diameter of 2.54 cm (1 inch), and the air stream was passed perpendicular to the open part of the honeycomb at a space velocity of 630,000 / h. The concentration of ozone was measured at the entrance and exit of the catalyst. An alumina support used was gamma alumina SRS-II (purchased from Davison) characterized as described in Example 1 (surface area approximately 300 m2 / g). A low surface area alumina tit characterized by a surface area of approximately 58 m2 / g and an average pore radius of approximately 80 Angstroms was also used. An E-160 alumina is a gamma alumina characterized by a surface area of approximately 180 m2 / g and an average pore radius of approximately 47 Angstroms. The ceria used had a surface area of approximately 120 m / g and an average pore radius of approximately 28 Angstroms. The dealuminated beta zeolite with a silica to alumina ratio of about 250 to 1, and a surface area of about 430 m2 / g was also used. Carbon, a microporous wood carbon characterized by a surface area of approximately 850 m2 / g, was also used as a support. Finally, a titania purchased from Rhone-Poulenc (DT51 grade) was used and was characterized by a surface area of approximately 110 m2 / g as a support. The results are summarized in Table V, which includes the percentage by weight relative to various catalyst components, the charge on the honeycomb, the initial ozone conversion, and the conversion after 45 minutes.

Example 8 S Below is a suspension preparation of Carulite ^, which includes vinyl acetate latex binder and was used in the coating of radiators, which resulted in excellent adhesion of the catalyst to an aluminum radiator. 1000 g of Carulite® 200, 1500 g of deionized water and 50 g of acetic acid (5% based on carulite) were combined in a 3.78 liter (1 gallon) ball mill and • 10 milled for 4 hours at a particle size of 90% = 7 μm. After draining the resultant suspension from the mill, 104 g (5% solids in base) of the National Starch Inter-EVA Dur-O-Set E-646 polymer (48% solids) were added. Complete mixing of the binder was achieved by rotating the suspension in a mill without milling media for several hours. After coating this suspension on a piece of aluminum substrate (eg radiator) a good adhesion was obtained (ie the coating could not be rubbed) after drying for 30 minutes at 30 ° C. Higher curing temperatures (up to 150 ° C) can be used if desired. Example 9 Conversion of carbon monoxide was tested by placing a coating of a variety of compositions of titanium support platinum on ceramic honeycombs as described in Example 6. The catalyst loads were approximately 2 g / inch ^ and the test was conducted using an air stream having 16 ppm carbon monoxide (dot of condensation 1.6 ° C (35 ° F)) at a space velocity of 315,000 / h. The catalyst compositions were reduced on the honeycomb using a forming gas having 7% H2 and 93% N2 at 300 ° C for 3 hours. Compositions containing Ti02 included 2 and 3 weight percent of the platinum component on the titania P25; and 2 and 3 weight percent of the platinum component on the titania grade DT52. The DT51 grade titania was purchased at Rhone-Poulenc and had a surface area of approximately 110 m2 / g. The titania of grade DT52 was a tungsten containing titania purchased at Rhone-Poulenc and which had a surface area of approximately 210 m2 / g. Titania grade P25 was purchased from Degussa and was characterized as having a particle size of approximately 1 μm and a surface area of approximately 45-50 m2 / g. The results are illustrated in Figure 10. Example 10 Example 10 relates to the conversion of CO for compositions containing alumina, ceria and zeolite. The supports were characterized as described in Example 7. The compositions evaluated included 2% by weight of platinum on teta-alumina of low surface area; 2 percent by weight of platinum and ceria; 2 percent by weight of platinum on gamma-alumina SRS-II, and 2% by weight of platinum on beta-zeolite. The results are presented in Figure 11. Example 11 The conversion of CO to temperature was measured for compositions containing 2% by weight of platinum on gamma-alumina SRS-II and on zeolite ZS-5 which were coated on a Nissan Altima 1993 radiator as specified in Example 4, and tested using the same procedure to test CO as that used in Example 4. The results are illustrated in Figure 9. Example 12 0.659 g of an amine solution of a solubilized platinum hydroxide solution, having 17.75 weight percent platinum (based on metallic platinum), to 20 g of an aqueous suspension of 11.7 weight percent of a titania sol in a glass of precipitates and stirred with a magnetic stirrer. A core sample of metal monolith with a diameter of 2.54 cm (one inch) of 400 cpsi (cells per 6.45 cm2) was immersed in the suspension. Air is blown over the coated monolith to clean the channels and the monolith is dried for 3 hours at 110 ° C. At this time, the monolith was re-immersed in the suspension once more and was repeated by the air blowing steps in the channels and dried at 110 ° C. The monolith coated twice was calcined to 300 ° C for two hours. The uncoated metal monolith weighed 12.36 g. After the first soaking, this weight 14.06 g, after the first drying 12.6 g, after the second submergence 14.38 g and after the calcination weighed 13. 05 g indicating a total weight gain of 0.69. The coated monolith had 72 g / ft ^ of platinum based on the ^^ 10 metal and was assigned as 72 Pt / Ti. The catalyst was evaluated in an air stream containing 20 ppm of carbon monoxide at a gas flow rate of 36.6 liters per minute. After this initial evaluation, the catalyst core was reduced in a formation gas having 7% hydrogen and 93 nitrogen, at 300 ° C for 12 hours, and the evaluation was repeated to treat an air stream containing 20 ppm of carbon monoxide. The reduced coated monolith was designated as 72 Pt / Ti / R. The aforementioned suspension was then evaluated using a sample of core of a ceramic monolith having 400 (cells by 6.45 cm2), which were pre-coated with 40 g per cubic foot, of a weight ratio of 5: 1 from platinum to rhodium plus 2.0 g per cubic inch of ES-160 (alumina), and the core had 11 cells of 10 cells per 0.75 inches long monolith and designated as 33 Pt / 7Rh / Al was soaked in the aforementioned suspension and air was blown to clean the channels. This monolith was dried at 110 ° C for 3 hours and calcined at 300 ° C for 2 hours. The catalyst substrate including the first layer of platinum and rhodium weighed 2.19 g. After the first submergence, weighed 3.40 g and after calcination 2.38 g, showing a total weight gain of 0.19 g, which is equal to 0.90 grams per cubic inch of the platinum / titania suspension. The soaked ceramic core contained 74 per cubic foot of platinum based on the metal platinum and designated as 74 Pt / Ti / Rh. The results are illustrated in Figure 12. Example 13 A platinum on titanium catalyst was used as described in Reference Example 12 above, in a stream of air containing 4 ppm of propane and 4 ppm of propylene. In a stream of air at a speed of • space of 650,000 space speeds per normal hour. The platinum and titanium catalyst had 72 g of platinum per cubic foot of total catalyst and substrate, used. HE evaluated the ceramic panel as presented in Example 13. The results measured for propylene conversion were 16.7% at 65 ° C; 19% at 70 ° C; 23.8% at 75 ° C; 28.6% at 80 ° C; 35.7% at 85 ° C; 40.5% at 95 ° C and 47.6% at 105 ° C.

Example 14 Example 14 is an illustration of a platinum component on a titania support. This example illustrates the excellent activity of platinums supported on titania for the oxidation of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. The evaluation was performed using a catalyst prepared from a colloidal titania solution to form a composition comprising 5.0% by weight of the platinum component based on the weight of the platinum metal and titania. The platinum was added to titania in the form of a solution of platinum hydroxide solubilized with amine. It was added to the suspension of colloidal titania or titania powders to prepare a suspension containing platinum or titania. The suspension was placed as a coating on a ceramic monolith having 400 cells per 6.45 cm2. The samples had coating amounts varying from 0.8-1.0 g / inch. The coated monoliths were calcined at 300 ° C for 2 hours in the air and then reduced. The reduction was carried out at 300 ° C in a gas containing 7% hydrogen and 93% nitrogen for 12 hours. The colloidal titania suspension contained 10% by weight of titania in an aqueous medium. The titania had a nominal particle size of 2-5 nm. The carbon monoxide conversion was measured in an air stream containing 20 ppm CO. The flow velocity of carbon monoxide in various experiments varies from space speeds of 300, 000 VHSV at 650,000 V? SV at a temperature between ambient at 110 ° C. The air used was air purified from an air cylinder and where moisture was added to the air that was passed through a water bath. When the humidity was studied, the relative humidity was varied from 0-100% humidity at room temperature (25 ° C). The air stream containing carbon monoxide was passed through the ceramic monolith as coated with the catalyst compositions using a space velocity of 650,000 / h. Figure 13 represents a study using air with 20 ppm of CO having measured the conversion of carbon monoxide to temperature, comparing platinum supported on titania, which was reduced (Pt / Ti-R) at 300 ° C using a gas of reduction containing 7% hydrogen and 93% nitrogen for 12 hours as specified above, with an unreduced platinum supported on a titania catalyst coating (Pt / Ti). Figure 13 illustrates a significant advantage of using a reduction catalyst. Figure 14 illustrates a comparison of platinum on titania, which has been reduced with variable supports including platinum on tin oxide (Pt / Sn), platinum on zinc oxide (Pt / Zn) and platinum on ceria (Pt / Ce) for comparison purposes. All samples were reduced to the conditions indicated above. The flow velocity of carbon monoxide in the air was 650,000 shsv. As can be seen, the reduced platinum on the colloidal titania had significantly higher conversion results than the platinum on the other support materials. Oxidation of hydrocarbons was measured using a propylene air mixture of 6 ppm. The propylene air stream was passed through the monolith to catalyze at a space velocity of 300,000 vhsv at a temperature which varied from room temperature to 110 ° C. The concentration of propylene was determined using an ionized deflector of the flames before and after the catalyst. The results are summarized in Figure 15. The support used was 5% by weight, based on the weight of the platinum metal and yttrium oxide Y2 ° 3 • The comparison was between a reduced and an unreduced catalyst. As shown in Figure 15, by reducing the catalyst there was a significant improvement in propylene conversion. The platinum specified above supported on a titania catalyst was reduced in a formation gas containing 7% hydrogen and 93% nitrogen at 500 ° C for 1 hour. The conversion of carbon monoxide was evaluated in an air with a relative humidity of 0% at a flow rate of 500,000 vhsv. The evaluation was conducted to determine if the catalyst reduction was reversible. Initially, the catalyst was evaluated for the ability to convert carbon monoxide to 22 ° C. As shown in Figure 16, the catalyst initially converted approximately 53% carbon monoxide and dropped below 30%, after about 200 minutes. At 200 minutes, the air and carbon monoxide were heated to 50 ° C, and the conversion of carbon monoxide was increased to 65% The catalyst was heated further to 100 ° C in air and the carbon monoxide was kept at 100 ° C for 1 hour, and then it was cooled in air at room temperature (approximately 25 ° C) initially, the conversion dropped to approximately 30% in a period of around 225-400 minutes. The evaluation was continued at 100 ° C for 1200 minutes, at which time the conversion was measured at about 40%. A parallel study was conducted at 50 ° C. At approximately 225 minutes, the conversion was about 65%. After 1200 minutes, the conversion actually increased to approximately 75%. This example shows that the reduction of the catalyst permanently improves the catalysis activity.

Example 15 Example 15 was used to illustrate the conversion of ozone to room temperature for platinum and / or palladium components supported on a manganese oxide / zirconia coprecipitate. This example also shows a platinum catalyst, which catalyzes the conversion of ozone to oxygen and, at the same time, oxidizes carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. Manganese oxide / mixed oxide of circonia powders were made having 1: 1 and 1: 4 based on the weight in metals Mn and Zr. The co-precipitate was made according to the procedure described in the aforementioned U.S. Patent No. 5,283,041. 3% and 6% Pt were prepared on manganese / zirconia catalysts (base weight 1: 4 from Mn to Zr) as described in Example 4. Gamma alumina SBA-150 (10% based on the weight of the powder) was added. of mixed oxide as a binder in the form of a suspension with 40% water containing acetic acid (5% by weight of alumina powder) and ground to a particle size of 90% <10 μm. of Pd of 6% by weight impregnating the manganese / frit of zirconia (base weight 1: 1 from Mn to Zr) to the point of incipient dryness, with a water solution containing palladium tetraminacetate, after drying and calcining the powder during 2 hours at 450 ° C, the catalyst was mixed in a ball mill with Nalco # 1056 silica solution (10% by weight of the catalyst powder) and sufficient water to create a suspension of approximately 35% solids. was ground until the particle size was 90% <10 μm. samples using a formation gas having 7% H2 and 93% N2 at 300 ° C for 3 hours. Evaluations were carried out to determine the conversion of ozone into micronuclei radiator coated with a radiator from Altima 1993, which had figures of 1.27 cm by 2.2 cm by 2.54 cm (1/2 inches by 7/8 inches by 1 inch) of depth .

The evaluation was conducted at room temperature using a stainless steel pipe with a diameter of 2.54 cm, as described in Example 7 with a housing air (air supplied in the laboratory) at a space velocity of 630,000 / h, with an ozone inlet concentration of 0.25 ppm. The results are presented in Table VI.

As can be seen from Table VI, Nuclei 1 and 2 having only 3% platinum resulted in an excellent ozone conversion initially and after 45 minutes for both reduced and non-reduced catalysts. Cores 3 and 4 having a platinum concentration of 6%, also had excellent results but not as good as the 3% platinum results. The cores 5-7 illustrate a variety of other support materials used, which can result in ozone conversion. The core 5 had a palladium on a coprecipitate of manganese oxide / zirconia and resulted in a smaller than expected aspect, but without a significant ozone conversion. Cores 6 and 7 of the evaluations used coprecipitate without precious metal and also resulted in significant ozone conversions, but here again not as good as when platinum was used as a catalyst. The core 8 was platinum on a zirconia / silica support, which was calcined but not reduced, and the core 9 was platinum on a zirconia / silica support, which was reduced. Both cores 8 and 9 showed some conversion, but not as good as the conversion obtained with platinum on the coprecipitate. In addition, a carbon monoxide conversion on radiator micronuclei of 39 cells per 6.45 cm2 was evaluated, as specified, for three percent and 6 percent platinum on manganese / zirconia support. The reduced and unreduced samples were evaluated. For illustrative purposes, platinum was also present on zirconia / silica and platinum supports on reduced and non-reduced Carulite®. As can be seen from Figure 17, the results of 3% reduced platinum on manganese / zirconia support were superior when compared to other modalities.

Example 16 (comparative). The conversion of ozone on a Ford Contour 1995 uncoated radiator to ambient temperature and 80 ° C was measured by blowing a stream of air containing ozone (0.25 ppm) through the radiator channels at a linear velocity of 16 km per hour. (Space velocity 630,000 / h, and then the ozone concentration leaving the rear of the radiator was measured.) The air stream had a dew point of approximately 21.1 ° C (35 ° F). it was circulated through the radiator, but the air stream was heated, as necessary, with heating tape to obtain the desired radiator temperature.The additional test was completed with a "mini-core" of uncoated Ford Taurus radiator 1.90 cm (0.75") (L) x 1.27 cm (0.5") () x 2.54 cm (1.0") (D), in a stainless steel pipe with a diameter of 2.54 cm (1 inch) as described in Example 7. The air stream was heated with heating tape to obtain the desired radiator temperature For both tests, no decomposition of ozone was observed up to 120 ° C. Example 17 The conversion of ozone at various temperatures was measured for a reduced catalyst of 3% Pt / Ti02 in au and in the presence of 15 ppm CO. Titania of Degussa P25 grade was used as the support and was characterized as having a particle size of approximately 1 μm and a surface area of approximately 45-50 m2 / g. The catalyst was coated on a ceramic ceramic of 300 cpsi (cells per 6.45 cm2) per square centimeter (cordierite) and reduced on the honeycomb using a forming gas having 7% H and 93% N at 300 ° C during 3 hours . The test was completed as previously described in Example 7. The air stream (condensation point 21 ° C (35 ° F)) was heated with heating tape to obtain the desired temperature. As best seen in Figure 18, an approximate improvement of 5% in absolute ozone conversion from 25 to 80 ° C was observed. The presence of CO improves the conversion of ozone. Example 18 100 g of Versal GL alumina obtained from LaRoche Industries Inc. was calcined with approximately 28 g of PT amine hydroxide (PT (A) salt) diluted with water to approximately 80 g of the solution. 5 g of acetic acid were added to fix the Pt on the surface of alumina. After mixing for half an hour, the catalyst impregnated with Pt was made as a suspension by adding water to make approximately 40% solids. The suspension was milled in a ball mill for 2 hours. The particle size was measured to be 90% less than 10 microns. The catalyst was placed as a coating on a ceramic substrate with a diameter. The catalyst was placed as a coating on a ceramic substrate with a diameter of 3.81 cm (1.5") for a length of 2.54 cm (1") of 400 cpsi (cells per 6.45 cm2), to give a load of wash coating after of drying approximately 0.65 g / inch ^. Then, the catalyst was dried at 100 ° C and calcined at 550 ° C for 2 hours. The catalyst was tested for oxidation of C3Hg at temperatures between 60 and 100 ° C and drying air as described in Example 21. Some of the calcined Pt / Al203 sample described above was also reduced by 7% H2 / N2 at 400 ° C for 1 hour. The reduction step was performed by ramping the catalyst temperature from 25 ° to 400 ° C at a flow rate of H2 / N2 of 500 cc / minutes. The ramp temperature was about 5 ° C / minute. The catalyst was cooled to room temperature and the catalyst was tested for the oxidation of C3Hg as described in Example 21. Example 19. 6.8 g of ammonium tungstate was dissolved in cc of water and the pH was adjusted to 10, and the solution was impregnated on 50 g of alumina (LaRoche Industries Inc.). The material was dried at 100 ° C and calcined for 2 hours at 550 ° C. Approximately 10% of the weight of the A1202 metal was cooled to room temperature and impregnated with 13.7 Pt amine hydroxide (18.3% Pt). 2.5 g of acetic acid were added and mixed well. The catalyst was then made to a suspension containing 35% solids by adding water. The suspension was placed as a coating on a ceramic substrate with a diameter of 3.81 by 2.54 cm (1.5"by 1.0") of 400 cpsi (cells by 6.45 cm2), after drying having a catalyst wash coating with a charge of 0.79 g / in3. The coated catalyst was then dried and calcined at 550 ° C for 2 hours. The catalyst was tested calcined in C3Hg and dried with air on the temperature scale of 60 to 100 ° C. Example 20 6.8 g of perrhenic acid (36% Re in solution) were further diluted in water to make 10 g of a perrhenic acid solution. The solution was impregnated on 25 g of Versal GL alumina. The impregnated alumina was dried and the powder was calcined at 550 ° C for 2 hours. The 10% by weight based metal impregnated with Re on the l203 powder was then further impregnated with 6.85 g of a Pt amine hydroxide solution (the metal Pt in solution was 18.3%). 5 g of acetic acid were added and mixed for half an hour. A suspension was made by adding water to make a solid of 28. The suspension was milled in a ball mill for 2 hours and coated as a ceramic substrate with a diameter of 3.81 cm (1.5") for a length of 2.54. cm (1.0") of 400 cpsi (cells by 6.45 cm2), to give a catalyst wash coating of a load of 0.51 g / inch3 after drying. The substrate coated with catalyst was dried at 100 ° C and calcined at 550 ° C for 2 hours. The catalyst was tested in the calcined form using 60 ppm C3H and a temperature scale of 60 to 100 ° C was air dried. Example 21 The catalyst of Examples 18, 19 and 20 was tested in a microreactor. The size of the catalyst samples was of a diameter of 1.27 cm (0.5") and a length of 1.01 cm (0.4"). The feed was composed of 60 ppm of C3Hg and dried with air at a temperature range of 25 to 100 ° C. C3Hg was measured at 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 ° C at a steady state condition. The results are summarized in Table VII.

TABLE VII - SUMMARY OF CONVERSION RESULTS OF C3H6 Name of Pt / Al203 Pt / Al203 Pt / 10% / Al2O3 Pt / l0% Re / Al2O3 Calcined Calcined Calcined Calcined Calcined (Ex.18) and Reduced (Ex.19) Eg 20) (Calcium) (Ex-18) Conversion% C3H6 @ 60 ° C 0 10 9 11 70 ° C '7 22 17 27 80 ° C 20 50 39 45 90 ° C 38 70 65 64 100 ° C 60 83 82 83 It is evident from the Table that the addition of Oxide or Re increased the activity of Pt / Al203 in the calcined form. The conversion of c 3 Hg of the calcined formula increased significantly when the catalyst was reduced to 400 ° C for 1 hour. The improved activity was also observed for the calcined catalyst through the incorporation of W or Re oxides. Example 22 This is an example for preparing crypomelano with a high surface area using MnS04. Molar ratios: KMn04: MnS04: acetic acid, were 1: 1.43: 5.72 Molarities of Mn in solutions before mixing were: 0.44 M Kmn04 0.50 M MnS04 FW KMn04 = 158.04 g / mol F MnS04 = - E2 = 169.01 g / mol FW C2H402 = 60.0 g / mol The following steps were conducted: 1. A solution of 3.50 moles (553 grams) of KMn04 was made in 8.05 1 of deionized water and heated to 68 ° C. 2. 10.5 1 of 2N acetic acid was made using 1260 grams of glacial acetic acid and diluting to 10.5 1 with deionized water. The density of this solution is 1.01 g / ml. 3. Weigh 5.00 moles (846 grams) of manganese sulfate hydrate (MnS04 -H20) and dissolve in 10 g., 115 g of the 2N acetic acid solution above and heated to 40 ° C. 4. The solution of 3 was added to the solution of 1, for 15 minutes whstirring was continued. After completing the addition, heating of the suspension was started with the following heating rate: 1:06 pm 69.4 ° C 1:07 pm 71.2 ° C 1:11 pm 74.5 ° C 1:15 pm 77.3 ° C 1: 18 pm 80.2 ° C 1:23 pm 83.9 ° C 1:25 p.m. 86.7 ° C 1:28 p.m. 88.9 ° C 5. At 1:28 p.m. approximately 100 ml was removed from the container suspension and quickly filtered in a funnel Büchner, they were washed of 2 1 deionized water, and then dried in an oven at 100 ° C. It was determined that the sample had a multiple point surface area bet of 259 m2 / g. Example 23 This is an example to prepare high surface area cryptomelane using Mn (CH3COO) 2. Molar ratios: KMn04: Mn (CH3C02) 2: acetic acid were 1: 1.43: 5.72. FW KMn04 = 158.04 g / mol Aldrich Lot # 08824MG FW Mn (CH3CO2) 2-H2O = 245.09 g / mol Aldrich Lot # 08722HG FW C2H402 = 60.0 g / mol. 1. A solution of 2.0 moles (316 grams) of KMn04 in 4.6 1 of deionized water was made and heated to 60 ° C by heating on hot plates. 2. 6.0 of 2N acetic acid was made using 720 grams of glacial acetic acid and diluting to 6.0 1 with deionized water. The density of this solution is 1.01 g / ml. 3. 2.86 moles (700 grams) of manganese acetate tetrahydrate [Mn (CH3C02) 2 • 4H20] were charged and dissolved in 5780 g of the above 2N acetic acid solution (in the reactor vessel). It was heated to 60 ° C in the reactor vessel. 4. The solution of 1 was added to the solution of 3, whthe suspension was maintained at 62-63 ° C. After the addition was complete, the suspension was moderately heated according to the following: 82.0 ° C to 3: 58 p.m. 86.5 ° C to 4:02 p.m. 87.0 ° C to 4:06 p.m. 87.1 ° C to 4:08 p.m. stopped the heat, then the suspension extinguished by pumping 10 1 of deionized water into the container. This cooled the suspension to 58 ° C at 4:13 pm. The suspension was filtered in Büchner funnels. The resulting filter cakes were resuspended in 12 liter of deionized water, then stirred overnight in an 18.9 liter kettle using a mechanical stirrer. The washed product was filtered again in the morning and then dried in an oven at 100 ° C. It was determined that the sample had a BET multiple point surface area of 296 m2 / g. The resulting cryptomelano was characterized by an XRD pattern of Figure 20. It was expected to have an Ir spectrum similar to that shown in Figure 19. Example 24 The following is a description of the ozone test method to determine the percentage of decomposition of an ozone used in this Example. A test apparatus comprising an ozone generator, a gas flow control device, a water bubble former, a cold mirror dew point hydrometer and ozone detector was used to measure the percentage of ozone destroyed. by the catalyst samples. Ozone was generated in situ using the ozone generator in a stream of flowing gas composed of air and water vapor. The ozone concentration was measured using the ozone detector and the water content was determined using the dew point hygrometer. Samples were tested at 25 ° C using inlet ozone concentrations of 4.5 to 7 parts per million (ppm) in a gas stream flowing at approximately 1.5 L / minute with a dew point between 15 ° C and 17 ° C . The samples were treated as particles sized to a -25 / + 45 mesh maintained between glass wool plugs with a PyrexR glass tube with an internal diameter of 0.635 cm (1/4") .The samples tested were placed in a 1 cm portion of a glass tube The sample test usually requires between 2 to 16 hours to achieve a stable conversion state, the samples typically being very close to a 100% conversion when the test was started and slowly reduced to an "out of level" conversion that remained fixed for extended periods (48 hours) After obtaining a stable state, the conversions were calculated from the equation:% of ozone conversion = [(1- (concentration of ozone after passing over catalyst) / (concentration of ozone before passing over the catalyst)] * 100. ozone destruction on the sample of Example 22 showed a conversion of 58% The ozone destruction test on the sample of Example 23 showed a conversion of 85% Example 25 This example is intended to illustrate that the method of Example 23 generated a "clean" elevated surface area crypomelano for which the ozone destruction performance was not improved through calcination and washing. A 20 gram portion of the sample represented in Example 23 was calcined in air at 200 ° C for 1 hour, cooled to room temperature, then washed at 100 ° C in 200 mL of deionized water, stirring the suspension for 30 minutes. minutes The resulting product was filtered and dried at 100 ° C in an oven. It was determined that the sample has a BET multiple point surface area of 265 m2 / g. The ozone destruction test on the sample showed an 85% conversion. A comparison of the sample test of Example 23 showed that no benefit was obtained in the conversion of ozone from the washing and the calcination of the sample of Example 23. Example 26 Samples of cryptomelane of high surface area were obtained. from commercial suppliers and were modified through calcination and / or washing. Since the received and modified powders were tested for ozone decomposition performance according to the method of Example 24 and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and BET surface area measurements through nitrogen adsorption. Example 26a A commercially available sample of cryptomelane with a high surface area (Chemetals, Inc., Baltimore, MD) was washed for 30 minutes in deionized water at 60 ° C, filtered, rinsed and dried in an oven at 100 ° C. ° C. The ozone conversion of the received sample was 64%, compared to 79% for the washed material. Washing did not change the surface area or crystal structure of this material (223 m2 / g crypomelano) as determined by measurements of nitrogen adsorption and powder X-ray diffraction, respectively. However, infrared spectroscopy showed the disappearance of peaks at 1220 and 1320 wave numbers in the spectrum of the washed sample, indicating the removal of anions from the sulfate group. Example 26b Commercially available samples of high surface area cryptomelane (Chemetals, Inc., Baltimore, MD) were calcined at 300 ° C for 4 hours and 400 ° C for 8 hours. The ozone conversion of the material received was 44%, compared with 71% for the sample calcined at 300 ° C and 75% for the sample calcined at 400 ° C. The calcination did not significantly change the surface area or crystal structure of the 300 ° C or 400 ° C samples (334 m2 / g of cryptomelane). A trace of Mn20 was detected in the 400 ° C sample. The calcination caused the dehydroxylation of these samples. Infrared spectroscopy showed a decrease in band intensity between 2700 and 3700 wave numbers assigned to the surface hydroxyl groups.

Example 27 The addition of Pd black (containing metal and Pd oxide) to the high surface area cryptomelane was found to significantly improve the ozone decomposition yield. Samples were prepared comprising Pd black powder physically mixed with the powders (1) a commercially obtained cryptomelane (the sample calcined at 300 ° C described in Example 26b) and (2) the high surface area cryptomelane synthesized in the Example 23, calcined at 200 ° C for 1 hour. The samples were prepared by mixing, in a dry state, the black powder of Pd and cryptomelane in a ratio of 1: 4 by weight. The dried mixture was stirred until homogeneous in color. An amount of deionized water was added to the mixture in a beaker to produce 20-30% solids content, thereby forming a suspension. The aggregates in the suspension were mechanically broken with a stirring bar. The suspension was sonicated in a Bransonic® Model 5210 Ultrasonic Cleaner for 10 minutes and then dried in an oven at 120-140 ° C for approximately 8 hours. The conversion of ozone to the commercially obtained cryptomelane calcined at 300 ° C was 71% measured on the powder reactor (Example 26b). A sample of this product was mixed with 20 weight percent black Pd yielding an 88% conversion. The sample of crypomelano prepared as in example 23, calcined at 200 ° C had a conversion of 85%. The yield improved to 97% with 20 weight percent of Pd black added.

Claims (243)

1. CLAIMS 1. A method for treating the atmosphere characterized in that it comprises moving a vehicle through the atmosphere, the vehicle having at least one contact surface 5 with the atmosphere and a composition for treating pollutants comprising an active material selected from the group which consists of a catalyst composition and an adsorption composition located on the surface and a polymeric binder.
2. 2. A method for treating the atmosphere characterized in that it comprises moving a vehicle through the atmosphere, the vehicle having at least one surface contact with the atmosphere and a pollutant treatment composition for treating contaminants comprising 15 hydrocarbons, the pollutant treatment composition located on the surface. ^ '
3. 3. A method for treating the atmosphere characterized in that it comprises moving a vehicle through the atmosphere, the vehicle having at least one contact surface 20 with the atmosphere and a composition for treating contaminants comprising an active material selected from the group consisting of a catalyst composition and an adsorption composition, the contaminant treatment composition located on the surface, and wherein the composition of The catalyst comprises a catalytically active material selected from at least one metal component of the platinum group, a gold component and a silver component.
4. 4. The method, according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the vehicle is a motor vehicle.
5. 5. The method, in accordance with the claim 4, characterized in that the vehicle is selected from the group consisting of automobiles, trucks, trains, aircraft, boats, boats, motorcycles.
6. 6. The method, in accordance with the claim 5, characterized in that the vehicle comprises a housing and a motor supported on the housing.
7. 7. The method, in accordance with the claim 6, characterized in that the vehicle further comprises cooling the engine with means for cooling the engine.
8. 8. The method, in accordance with the claim 7, characterized in that the means for cooling the motor is a cooling system selected from a liquid cooling system and an atmospheric air cooling system.
9. 9. The method, in accordance with the claim 8, characterized in that the cooling system is an atmospheric air cooling system comprising a plurality of vanes that make contact with the atmosphere in a heat transfer relationship with the motor.
10. 10. The method, according to claim 9, characterized in that the pallets that make contact with the atmosphere comprise the contact surface with the atmosphere having a contaminant treatment composition located therein.
11. The method, according to claim 8, characterized in that the cooling system is a liquid cooling system comprising a radiator supported by the housing and having a contact surface of the atmosphere with the pollutant treatment composition located about it.
12. The method, according to claim 8, characterized in that the cooling system is a liquid cooling system comprising a fan having the contact surface of the atmosphere with the pollutant treatment composition located thereon.
13. The method, according to claim 12, characterized in that the fan comprises fan blades and the contaminant treatment composition is located on the fan blades.
14. The method, according to claim 1, characterized in that the composition for the treatment of contaminant is at least one composition that is selected from the group consisting of a catalyst composition and an adsorption composition.
15. 15. The method, according to claim 14, characterized in that it comprises the step of adding a polymeric binder to the composition for the treatment of contaminant.
16. The method, according to claim 2, further characterized in that it comprises the step of adding a polymeric binder to the composition for the treatment of contaminant.
17. The method, according to claims 1, 15 or 16, further characterized in that it comprises the step of adding a polymeric latex binder to the composition for the treatment of contaminant.
18. 18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that the polymeric binder comprises a polymer composition comprising a polymer selected from the group consisting of thermoplastic and thermoplastic polymers.
19. 19. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that the polymeric binder comprises a polymer composition which comprises a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyolefin copolymers, polyisoprene, polybutadiene, polybutadiene copolymer, chlorinated rubber , nitrile rubber, polychloroprene, ethylene-propylene-diene elastomers, polystyrene, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl esters, polyvinyl halides, polyamides, cellulosic polymers, thermoplastic polyesters, heat-setting polyesters, polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide, fluorinated polymers, polyamide, phenolic resins and epoxy resins, polyurethane, silicone polymers, polyimides, acrylics, styrene acrylics, polyvinyl alcohol, and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers.
20. The method, according to claim 14, characterized in that the catalyst composition comprises a support material selected from the group consisting of a refractory oxide support, a manganese component, carbon and a coprecipitate of a manganese oxide and zirconia, at least one catalytically active material selected from at least one platinum group of metal component, gold component, silver component and a manganese component.
21. The method, according to claim 2, characterized in that the catalyst composition comprises a support material selected from the group consisting of a refractory oxide support, a manganese component, carbon and a coprecipitate of a manganese oxide and at least one catalytically active material selected from at least one metal component of the platinum group, gold component, silver component and a manganese component.
22. 22. The method according to claim 3, 20 or 21, characterized in that the catalytically active material is selected from at least one metal component of the platinum group, gold component, silver component and a method comprising the Step 10 reduce the catalyst composition.
23. 23. The method, according to claim 3, characterized in that the contaminant treatment composition further comprises a support.
24. 24. The method, according to claims 20, 21 or 23, characterized in that the support comprises manganese oxide and zirconia.
25. 25. The method, in accordance with the claim 24, characterized in that the catalytically active material is selected from palladium and platinum components. 20
26. 26. The method, in accordance with the claim 25, characterized in that the catalytically active material is a platinum component.
27. 27. The method, in accordance with the claim 26, further characterized in that it comprises the step of reducing the catalyst composition.
28. 28. The method, according to the claims 1, 3 or 14, characterized in that the catalyst composition comprises a refractory oxide support, and at least one metal of the platinum group, selected from platinum and palladium and optionally a component of manganese.
29. 29. The method, in accordance with the claim 28, characterized in that the catalyst composition comprises a polymeric binder. 10 30.
30. The method, in accordance with the claim 29, characterized in that the catalyst composition comprises from 65 to 99 weight percent of a refractory oxide support, 0.5 to 15 weight percent of at least one metal of the platinum group based on the weight of the metal, 15 and from 0.5 to 20 percent in weight of a polymeric binder.
31. The method, according to claim 28, characterized in that the refractory oxide is selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica, titania, ceria, 20 zirconia, chromia and mixtures thereof.
32. 32. The method according to claim 31, characterized in that the refractory oxide is a titania solution.
33. 33. The method, according to claims 1, 3 or 14, further characterized in that it comprises the step of calcining the catalyst composition.
34. 34. The method, according to claims 1, 3 or 14, characterized in that the catalyst composition comprises activated carbon.
35. 35. The method, according to claims 1, 3 or 14, characterized in that the catalyst composition comprises a manganese component.
36. 36. The method according to claim 35, characterized in that the catalyst composition comprises manganese dioxide and copper oxide.
37. 37. The method according to claim 36, further characterized in that it comprises the step of calcining the catalyst composition.
38. 38. The method according to claim 3 or 14, further characterized in that it comprises the step of catalytically reacting ozone in the atmosphere.
39. 39. The method according to claim 38, further characterized in that it comprises the step of reacting the ozone in the presence of carbon monoxide.
40. 40. The method according to claim 3 or 14, further characterized in that it comprises the step of catalytically reacting carbon monoxide in the atmosphere.
41. 41. The method according to claims 1, 3 or 14, further characterized in that it comprises the step of catalytically reacting hydrocarbons and / or partially oxygenated hydrocarbons.
42. 42. The method, according to claim 41, characterized in that the hydrocarbon is unsaturated.
43. 43. The method according to claim 42, characterized in that the unsaturated hydrocarbon is selected from unsaturated olefinic compounds.
44. 44. The method, in accordance with the claim 43, characterized in that the olefinic hydrocarbon compounds comprise from two to eight carbons.
45. 45. The method, in accordance with the claim 44, characterized in that the unsaturated olefinic compounds are selected from the group consisting of propylene and butylene.
46. 46. The method according to claims 1, 3 or 14, characterized in that it comprises the step of catalytically reacting carbon monoxide and ozone using a catalyst composition, wherein the support comprises a support selected from ceria, alumina , titania, zirconia, and mixtures and coprecipitates of manganese oxide and zirconia thereof; and the platinum group metal comprises a selected component of palladium, platinum and mixtures thereof.
47. 47. The method, according to claims 1, 3 or 14, further characterized in that it comprises the step of maintaining the surface at a temperature of about 20 to about 105 ° C.
48. 48. The method according to claims 1, 3 or 14, characterized in that the contact surface with the atmosphere is directly brought into contact with the atmosphere as the vehicle moves through the atmosphere.
49. 49. The method according to claims 1, 3 or 14, characterized in that the relative velocity of the contact surface with the atmosphere and the atmosphere as the vehicle moves through the atmosphere is up to 160 km / h (100 miles / h).
50. 50. The method according to claim 49, characterized in that the relative velocity of the contact surface with the atmosphere and the atmosphere as the vehicle moves through the atmosphere is from 8 to 96 km / h (5). at 60 miles / h).
51. 51. The method according to claim 3 or 14, further characterized in that it comprises the steps of heating the contact surface with the atmosphere and catalytically reacting carbon monoxide in the atmosphere.
52. 52. The method according to claims 1, 3 or 14, further characterized in that it comprises the steps of heating the contact surface with the atmosphere and catalytically reacting the hydrocarbons in the atmosphere.
53. 53. The method according to claims 1, 3 or 14, further characterized in that it comprises the steps of heating the contact surface with the atmosphere and catalytically reacting nitrogen oxide in the atmosphere.
54. 54. The method according to claims 1, 3 or 14, further characterized in that it comprises the step of adsorbing contaminants selected from hydrocarbons, sulfur oxides, particulate matter and carbon monoxide from the atmosphere.
55. 55. The method, according to claim 6, characterized in that the motor is an electric drive motor.
56. 56. The method according to claim 55, further characterized in that it comprises the step of heating the contact surface with the atmosphere and a composition for treating the contaminant located on the surface with the energy of the electric motor.
57. 57. The method according to claims 1, 3 or 14, characterized in that the contact surface with the atmosphere is selected from the group consisting of the external surface of an air conditioning condenser, a radiator, a radiator fan, a Air charge cooler and a wind deflector.
58. 58. The method, according to claims 1, 3 or 14, characterized in that the vehicle comprises means for cooling fluids, such means for cooling comprise the contact surface with the atmosphere and the method comprises contacting the atmosphere with the surface of contact of the atmosphere.
59. 59. The method according to claim 58, characterized in that the means for cooling are selected from the group consisting of an air conditioning condenser, a radiator, an air charge cooler, a motor oil cooler, a Transmission oil cooler and a fluid conduction fluid cooler.
60. 60. An apparatus for the treatment of the atmosphere characterized in that it comprises: a vehicle, the vehicle comprises: translating means, at least one vehicle surface contacting the atmosphere, and a pollutant treatment composition located on the surface , the contaminant treatment composition comprising an active material selected from the group consisting of a catalyst composition and an adsorption composition located on said surface, and a polymeric binder.
61. 61. An apparatus for treating the atmosphere characterized in that it comprises: a vehicle, the vehicle comprises: translation means, at least one vehicle surface contacting the atmosphere, and a pollutant treatment composition for treating pollutants that comprise hydrocarbons, the contaminant treatment composition located on such surface.
62. 62. An apparatus for treating the atmosphere characterized in that it comprises: a vehicle, the vehicle comprises: translation means, at least one vehicle surface contacting the atmosphere, and a pollutant treatment composition comprising a material active selected from the group consisting of a catalyst composition and an adsorption composition, the contaminant treatment composition located on the surface, and wherein the catalyst composition comprises a catalytically active material selected from at least one metal component of the Platinum group, a gold component and a silver component.
63. 63. The apparatus, according to claims 60, 61 or 62, characterized in that the vehicle is a motor vehicle.
64. 64. The apparatus, according to claim 63, characterized in that the vehicle is selected from the group consisting of automobiles, trucks, trains, aircraft, boats, boats, motorcycles.
65. 65. The method, in accordance with the claim 64, characterized in that the vehicle comprises a housing and a motor supported on the housing.
66. 66. The method, in accordance with the claim 65, characterized in that the vehicle further comprises means for cooling the engine.
67. 67. The apparatus according to claim 66, characterized in that the means for cooling the motor is a cooling system selected from a liquid cooling system and an atmospheric air cooling system.
68. 68. The apparatus according to claim 67, characterized in that the cooling system is an atmospheric air cooling system comprising a plurality of vanes that make contact with the atmosphere in a heat transfer relationship with the engine.
69. 69. The apparatus, according to claim 68, characterized in that the blades that make contact with the atmosphere comprise the contact surface with the atmosphere having a contaminant treatment composition located therein.
70. 70. The device, according to claim 67, characterized in that the cooling system is the liquid cooling system comprising a radiator having the contact surface with the atmosphere with the pollutant treatment composition located thereon.
71. 71. The apparatus according to claim 67, characterized in that the cooling system is a liquid cooling system comprising a fan having the contact surface with the atmosphere with the pollutant treatment composition located thereon.
72. 72. The method, according to claim 71, characterized in that the fan comprises fan blades and the pollutant treatment composition is located on the fan blades.
73. 73. The apparatus, according to claim 67, characterized in that the vehicle comprises means for cooling fluids; which comprise the surface of contact with the atmosphere located on them.
74. 74. The apparatus according to claim 73, characterized in that the means for cooling are selected from the group consisting of an air conditioning condenser, a radiator, an air charge cooler, a motor oil cooler, a Transmission oil cooler and a fluid conduction fluid cooler.
75. 75. The apparatus according to claim 61, characterized in that the contaminant treatment composition is at least one composition selected from the group consisting of a catalyst composition and an adsorption composition.
76. 76. The apparatus according to claim 75, characterized in that the composition comprises a polymeric binder in the pollutant treatment composition.
77. 77. The apparatus according to claim 62, characterized in that the composition further comprises a polymeric binder in the pollutant treatment composition.
78. 78. The apparatus according to claim 60, 76 or 77, characterized in that the composition further comprises a polymeric latex binder in the pollutant treatment composition.
79. 79. The apparatus according to claim 78, characterized in that the polymeric binder comprises a polymeric composition comprising a polymer selected from the group consisting of thermoplastic and thermoplastic polymers.
80. 80. The apparatus according to claim 78, characterized in that the polymeric binder comprises a polymer composition which comprises a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyolefin copolymers, polyisoprene, polybutadiene, polybutadiene copolymer, chlorinated rubber , nitrile rubber, polychloroprene, ethylene-propylene-diene elastomers, polystyrene, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl esters, polyvinyl halides, fluorinated polymers, polyamides, cellulosic polymers, thermoplastic polyesters, heat-setting polyesters, polyphenylene oxide, sulfur of polyphenylene, polyamide, phenolic resins and epoxy resins, polyurethane, silicone polymers, polyimides, acrylics, styrene acrylics, polyvinyl alcohol, and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers.
81. 81. The apparatus according to claim 60, characterized in that the catalyst composition comprises a support material selected from the group consisting of a refractory oxide support, a manganese component, carbon and a coprecipitate of a manganese oxide and zirconia, at least one catalytically active material selected from at least one metal component of the platinum group, gold component, silver component and a manganese component.
82. 82. The apparatus according to claim 75, characterized in that the catalyst composition comprises a support material selected from the group consisting of a refractory oxide support, a manganese component, carbon and a coprecipitate of manganese oxide and zirconia. , at least one catalytically active material selected from at least one metal component of the platinum group, a gold component, a silver component and a manganese component.
83. 83. The apparatus, according to claims 62, 81 or 82, characterized in that the catalytically active material is selected from at least one metal component of the platinum group, gold component, and silver component and the catalytically active material is reduces.
84. 84. The apparatus, according to claim 62, characterized in that the contaminant treatment composition further comprises a support.
85. 85. The apparatus, according to claims 81, 82 or 84, characterized in that the support comprises manganese oxide and zirconia.
86. 86. The apparatus according to claim 85, characterized in that the catalytically active material is selected from palladium and platinum components.
87. 87. The apparatus according to claim 86, characterized in that the catalytically active material is a platinum component.
88. 88. The apparatus, according to claim 86, characterized in that the catalyst composition is reduced.
89. 89. The apparatus, according to claims 60, 62 or 75, characterized in that the catalyst composition comprises a refractory oxide support, and at least one metal of the platinum group, selected from platinum and palladium, and optionally a component of manganese
90. 90. The apparatus according to claim 89, characterized in that the catalyst composition comprises a polymeric binder.
91. 91. The apparatus according to claim 90, characterized in that the catalyst composition comprises from 65 to 99 weight percent of a refractory oxide support, from 0.5 to 15 weight percent of at least one metal of the group platinum based on the weight of the metal, and 0.5 to 20 weight percent of the polymeric binder.
92. 92. The apparatus according to claim 89, characterized in that the refractory oxide is selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica, titania, ceria, zirconia, chromia and mixtures thereof.
93. 93. The apparatus according to claim 92, characterized in that the refractory oxide is a titania solution.
94. 94. The apparatus, according to claim 92, characterized in that the catalyst composition is reduced.
95. 95. The apparatus according to claim 92, characterized in that the catalyst composition comprises activated carbon.
96. 96. The apparatus according to claim 89, characterized in that the composition of the catalyst comprises a manganese component.
97. 97. The apparatus according to claim 90, characterized in that the composition of the catalyst comprises manganese dioxide and copper oxide.
98. 98. The apparatus, according to claims 60, 62 or 75, characterized in that the catalyst composition is calcined.
99. 99. The apparatus according to claim 60, 62 or 75, characterized in that the adsorption composition comprises at least one component selected from CaO, carbon, zeolite and molecular sieves without zeolite.
100. 100. The apparatus according to claim 63, characterized in that the motor is an electric drive motor.
101. 101. The apparatus according to claim 100, further characterized in that it comprises means for heating the contact surface with the atmosphere and a pollutant treatment composition located on the surface with the energy of the electric motor.
102. 102. The apparatus according to claim 63, characterized in that the contact surface with the atmosphere is at least one surface selected from the group consisting of the external surface of the air conditioning condenser, a radiator, a radiator fan , an air charge cooler and a wind deflector.
103. 103. An apparatus for treating the atmosphere characterized in that it comprises: a vehicle, the vehicle comprises, - translating means, a radiator having a contact surface with the atmosphere, and a composition for the treatment of contaminant located on the surface, wherein the The contaminant treatment surface is selected from the group consisting of: a composition comprising an active material selected from the group consisting of a catalyst composition and an adsorption composition, and a polymeric binder; a composition for treating contaminants comprising hydrocarbons; and a composition comprising an active material selected from the group consisting of a catalyst composition and an adsorption composition, wherein the catalyst composition comprises a catalytically active material selected from at least one metal component of the platinum group, a component of gold and a silver component.
104. 104. An apparatus for treating the atmosphere comprising a radiator having a contact surface with the atmosphere, and a contaminant treatment composition located on the surface, wherein the contaminant treatment surface is selected from the group consisting of: a composition comprising an active material selected from the group consisting of a catalyst composition and an adsorption composition, and a polymeric binder; a composition for treating contaminants comprising hydrocarbons; and a composition comprising an active material selected from the group consisting of a catalyst composition and an adsorption composition, wherein the catalyst composition comprises a catalytically active material selected from at least one metal component of the platinum group, a component of gold and a silver component.
105. 105. An apparatus for treating the atmosphere characterized in that it comprises an air conditioning condenser having a contact surface with the atmosphere, and a contaminant treatment composition located on the surface, wherein the contaminant treatment surface is selected from the group consisting of: a composition comprising an active material selected from the group consisting of a catalyst composition and an adsorption composition, and a polymeric binder; a composition for treating contaminants comprising hydrocarbons; and a composition comprising an active material selected from the group consisting of a catalyst composition and an adsorption composition, wherein the catalyst composition comprises a catalytically active material selected from at least one metal component of the platinum group, a component of gold and a silver component.
106. 106. An apparatus for treating the atmosphere characterized in that it comprises an air charge cooler having a surface contact with the atmosphere, and a contaminant treatment composition located on the surface, wherein the contaminant treatment surface is selected from the group consisting of: a composition comprising an active material selected from the group consisting of a catalyst composition and an adsorption composition, and a polymeric binder; a composition for treating contaminants comprising hydrocarbons; and a composition comprising an active material selected from the group consisting of a catalyst composition and an adsorption composition, wherein the catalyst composition comprises a catalytically active material selected from at least one metal component of the platinum group, a component of gold and a silver component.
107. 107. An apparatus for treating the atmosphere characterized in that it comprises cooling means selected from the group consisting of a motor oil cooler, a transmission oil cooler and an energy conduction fluid cooler and a pollutant treatment composition located on the surface, wherein the contaminant treatment surface is selected from the group consisting of: a composition comprising an active material selected from the group consisting of a catalyst composition and an adsorption composition, and a polymeric binder; a composition for treating contaminants comprising hydrocarbons; and a composition comprising an active material selected from the group consisting of a catalyst composition and an adsorption composition., wherein the catalyst composition comprises a catalytically active material selected from at least one metal component of the platinum group, a gold component and a silver component.
108. 108. The apparatus, according to claims 103, 104, 105, 106 or 107, characterized in that the contaminant treatment composition further comprises a refractory oxide support.
109. 109. The apparatus according to claims 103, 104, 105, 106 or 107, characterized in that the contaminant treatment composition further comprises a refractory oxide support, a component of the platinum group and optionally a manganese component.
110. 110. The apparatus according to claim 109, characterized in that the platinum group component is selected from a platinum component and a palladium component.
111. 111. The apparatus according to claim 109, characterized in that the pollutant treatment component comprises a support comprising an oxide of manganese and zirconia and the component of the platinum group is selected from platinum and palladium.
112. 112. The apparatus, according to claim 109, characterized in that the catalyst is reduced.
113. 113. The apparatus, according to claim 112, characterized in that the contaminant treatment composition comprises a refractory oxide support, a platinum component.
114. 114. The apparatus according to claim 113, characterized in that the refractory oxide support is titania.
115. 115. The apparatus, in accordance with claims 103, 104, 105, 106 or 107, characterized • 10 because the contaminant treatment composition comprises a refractory oxide support.
116. 116. The apparatus according to claim 115, characterized in that the precious metal is platinum.
117. 117. The apparatus according to claims 103, 104, 105, 106 or 107, characterized in that the contaminant treatment compositions comprise a refractory oxide support selected from the group consisting of ceria, alumina, titania, zirconia, a 20 coprecipitate a manganese oxide and zirconia, and mixtures thereof, and a metal component of the platinum group, selected from palladium, platinum and mixtures thereof.
118. 118. The apparatus according to claim 117, characterized in that the contaminant treatment compositions comprise a ceria support, and a palladium component.
119. 119. A method characterized in that it comprises the steps of: coating at least part of a surface of a motor vehicle, selected from the surface of the radiator, an air conditioning condenser, an air charge cooler, with a treatment composition of contaminant, wherein the contaminant treatment composition is selected from the group consisting of: a composition comprising an active material selected from the group consisting of a catalyst composition and an adsorption composition, and a polymeric binder; a composition for treating contaminants comprising hydrocarbons; and a composition comprising an active material selected from the group consisting of a catalyst composition and an adsorption composition, wherein the catalyst composition comprises a catalytically active material selected from at least one metal component of the platinum group, a component of gold and a silver component.
120. 120. The method according to claim 119, characterized in that it comprises the step of coating an adhesive that promotes its coating on at least the surface before coating the contaminant treatment composition.
121. 121. The method according to claim 119, characterized in that at least part of the radiator is made aluminum and comprises an external radiator surface and the method further comprises oxidizing at least the outer surface before coating with the treatment composition. of contaminant.
122. 122. A method characterized in that it comprises the steps of: forming a mixture comprising a metal of the platinum group supported on a catalyst support and a solution of a soluble manganese component, the mixture being sufficiently dry to absorb essentially all of the solution, drying the mixture, calcining the mixture, forming a suspension comprising the mixture and a liquid; and coating an atmosphere contact surface of the motor vehicle with the suspension.
123. 123. The method according to claim 122, characterized in that the support is selected from a refractory oxide support and a coprecipitate of manganese oxide and zirconia.
124. 124. The method, according to claim 123, characterized in that it comprises the step of adding a solution of reducing the composition.
125. 125. A calcined manganese compound from about 300 ° C to about 500 ° C.
126. 126. The manganese compound, according to claim 125, calcined from 350 ° C to 450 ° C.
127. 127. A composition characterized in that it comprises a manganese compound that is heated from about 300 ° C to about 550 ° C in an oxygen-containing atmosphere to burn the composition.
128. 128. The composition, according to claim 127, characterized in that the composition is heated from about 350 ° C to about 450 ° C for at least about 0.5 hours.
129. 129. The composition according to claim 127, further characterized in that the composition comprises a precious metal component.
130. 130. The composition, according to claim 128, characterized in that the composition is reduced after calcination.
131. 131. A composition characterized in that it comprises a precious metal component on a catalyst support, the composition being reduced.
132. 132. The composition according to claim 133, characterized in that the refractory oxide is selected from the group consisting of a refractory oxide support and a coprecipitate of a manganese oxide and zirconia.
133. 133. The composition, according to claim 132, characterized in that the composition has been calcined before reduction.
134. 134. The composition according to claim 133, characterized in that the catalyst support is selected from titania and the coprecipitate from a manganese oxide and zirconia.
135. 135. The composition, according to claim 135, characterized in that the precious metal component is a platinum component.
136. 136. A composition characterized in that it comprises a catalytic material selected from the group consisting of a manganese oxide, a support selected from the group consisting of a refractory oxide support and a coprecipitate of a manganese oxide and zirconia, and a binder.
137. 137. The composition, according to claims 127, 131 or 136, further characterized in that it comprises a water-resistant additive selected from the group consisting of waxes and fluorocarbons.
138. 138. The composition according to claim 136, characterized in that there is at least one catalytic material selected from the group consisting of manganese oxides, a platinum component and a palladium component.
139. 139. The composition according to claim 138, characterized in that the support is selected from the group consisting of titania, silica-zirconia and a coprecipitate of manganese oxide and zirconia.
140. 140. The composition according to claim 136, characterized in that the binder is a polymeric binder selected from the group consisting of polymers of vinyl acetate and copolymers.
141. 141. The composition, according to claim 136, characterized in that the binder is a zirconium compound.
142. 142. The composition, according to claim 136, characterized in that the catalytic material is located on the support and the supported catalytic material is calcined.
143. 143. The composition, according to claim 142, characterized in that the supported catalytic material is reduced.
144. 144. The composition according to claim 136, characterized in that the polymeric binder comprises a polymer composition which comprises a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyol copolymers, polyisoprene, polybutadiene, polybutadiene copolymer, chlorinated rubber , nitrile rubber, polychloroprene, ethylene-propylene-diene elastomers, polystyrene, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl esters, polyvinyl halides, polyamides, cellulosic polymers, thermoplastic polyesters, heat-setting polyesters, polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide, fluorinated polymers, polyamide, phenolic resins and epoxy resins, polyurethane, silicone polymers, polyimides, acrylics, styrene acrylics, polyvinyl alcohol, and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers.
145. 145. A method characterized in that it comprises the steps of calcining a composition comprising a catalyst material selected from a precious metal component and optionally a manganese component; and reduce the calcined composition.
146. 146. The method according to claim 145, further characterized in that it comprises coating the composition on a substrate before calcination.
147. 147. The method according to claim 145, further characterized in that it comprises placing the composition as a coating on a substrate after calcination.
148. 148. The method, according to claim 145, further characterized in that it comprises placing the composition as a coating on the substrate after reduction.
149. 149. The method, according to claims 146, 147 or 148, characterized in that the substrate is a motor vehicle contact surface.
150. 150. A method for treating the atmosphere characterized in that it comprises moving a vehicle through the atmosphere, the vehicle having at least one surface contact with the atmosphere and a composition for treating contaminants comprising a-Mn02.
151. 151. The method according to claim 150, characterized in that the contaminant treatment composition further comprises a polymeric binder.
152. 152. The method, according to claim 14, characterized in that the contaminant treatment composition further comprises a component of the platinum group.
153. 153. The method according to claim 152, characterized in that the platinum group component is selected from palladium and platinum components.
154. 154. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the contaminant treatment composition comprises a platinum component.
155. 155. The method, according to claim 153, characterized in that the composition of The pollutant treatment comprises a palladium component.
156. 156. The method according to claim 152, further characterized in that it comprises the step of reducing the platinum group component.
157. 157. The method, according to claim 152, characterized in that the contaminant treatment composition further comprises a refractory support.
158. 158. The method, in accordance with the 25 claim 150, further characterized in that it comprises the step of calcining the contaminant treatment composition.
159. 159. The method according to claim 150, further characterized in that it comprises the step of washing the crypomelano in an aqueous liquid.
160. 160. The method according to claim 150, characterized in that a-Mn02 is selected from the group consisting of dutchite, cryptomelane, manjiorite and coronadite.
161. 161. The method according to claim 159, further characterized in that it comprises making the crypomelano by mixing an aqueous, acidic manganese salt solution with a potassium permanganate solution, forming a suspension, stirring the suspension at a temperature range of about 50 to 110 ° C, filter the solution, dry the filtered suspension at a temperature in the range of about 75 to 200 ° C to form crypomelano crystals, with a surface area of about 200 to 350 m2 / g.
162. 162. The method according to claim 160, characterized in that the manganese salt is selected from the group consisting of MnCl2, Mn (N03) 2, MnS04 and Mn (CH3C00) 2.
163. 163. The method, according to claim 161, characterized in that the manganese salt is Mn (CH3C00) 2.
164. 164. The method according to claim 160, further characterized in that it comprises washing the crypomelano.
165. 165. The method according to claim 150, 152 or 162, further characterized in that it comprises the step of removing sulfate ions, chloride ions and / or nitrate from α-Mn0.
166. 166. The method according to claims 150, 152 or 161, further characterized in that it comprises the step of calcining the catalyst composition.
167. 167. An apparatus for treating the atmosphere characterized in that it comprises: a vehicle, the vehicle comprising; translational means, at least one vehicle surface contacting the atmosphere, and a contaminant treatment composition located on the surface, the contaminant treatment composition comprising or; -Mn? 2.
168. 168. The apparatus according to claim 167, characterized in that the contaminant treatment composition further comprises a polymeric binder.
169. 169. The apparatus, according to claim 167, characterized in that the contaminant treatment composition further comprises a platinum group component.
170. 170. The apparatus according to claim 169, characterized in that the platinum group component is selected from palladium and platinum components.
171. 171. The apparatus according to claim 170, characterized in that the contaminant treatment composition comprises a platinum component.
172. 172. The apparatus according to claim 170, characterized in that the contaminant treatment composition comprises a palladium component.
173. 173. The apparatus according to claim 169, characterized in that the platinum group component is reduced.
174. 174. The apparatus according to claim 169, characterized in that the contaminant treatment composition further comprises a refractory support.
175. 175. The apparatus, according to claim 167, characterized in that the contaminant treatment composition is calcined.
176. 176. The apparatus according to claim 167, characterized in that cx-Mn02 is washed in an aqueous liquid.
177. 177. The apparatus according to claim 167, characterized in that a-Mn02 is selected from the group consisting of dutchite, criptomelano, manjiorita and coronadita.
178. 178. The apparatus according to claim 166, characterized in that a-Mn02 is crypomelano, having a surface area of about 200 to 350 m2 / g.
179. 179. The apparatus, according to claims 167, 168, 169, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177 or 178 characterized in that o- -Mn02 is characterized by an IR spectrum as shown in Figure 19 and a XRD pattern as shown in Figure 20.
180. 180. A method for treating the atmosphere characterized in that it comprises moving a vehicle through the atmosphere, the vehicle having at least one surface contact with the atmosphere and a composition for treating contaminants. on the surface, and wherein the composition for treating contaminant comprises a catalytically active material selected from the group consisting of a metal component of the platinum group, a gold component and a silver component, and a metal component selected from the group It consists of a tungsten component and a rhenium component.
181. 181. The method according to claim 180, characterized in that the metal component is selected from tungsten oxide and rhenium oxide.
182. 182. The method according to claim 180, characterized in that the composition for treating contaminant is at least one composition selected from the group consisting of a catalyst composition and an adsorption composition.
183. 183. The method, according to claim 182, further characterized in that it comprises the step of adding a binder to the composition to treat the contaminant.
184. 184. The method according to claim 183, further characterized in that it comprises the step of adding a polymeric binder to the composition for treating contaminant.
185. 185. The method, according to claim 184, further characterized in that it comprises the step of adding a polymeric latex binder to the composition to treat the contaminant.
186. 186. The method, according to claim 180, further characterized in that the composition for treating contaminant comprises a support.
187. 187. The method according to claim 186, further characterized in that the catalyst composition comprises a support material selected from the group consisting of a refractory oxide support, a manganese component, carbon, and a coprecipitate of manganese oxide. and zirconia.
188. 188. The method according to claim 186, characterized in that the catalyst composition comprises at least one catalytically active material selected from at least one metal component of the platinum group, a gold component, a silver component and optionally a component of manganese.
189. 189. The method according to claim 180 or 186, characterized in that the catalytically active material is selected from at least one metal component of the platinum group, a gold component, a silver component and the method further comprises the step of reducing the catalyst composition.
190. 190. The method according to claim 186, characterized in that the catalytically active material is selected from palladium and platinum components.
191. 191. The method, according to claim 190, characterized in that the material 5 Catalytically active is a component of platinum.
192. 192. The method according to claim 186, characterized in that the catalyst composition comprises from 60 to 98.5 weight percent of a refractory oxide support, from 0.5 to 15 weight percent ^ 10 of at least one metal of the platinum group based on the weight of the metal, and 1 to 25 weight percent of the metal component.
193. 193. The method, according to claim 189, characterized in that the refractory oxide 15 is selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica, titania, ceria, zirconia, chromia and mixtures thereof.
194. 194. The method according to claim 193, characterized in that the refractory oxide is a titania solution.
195. 195. The method according to claim 180 or 186, further characterized in that it comprises the step of calcining the catalyst composition.
196. 196. The method according to claim 180, further characterized in that it comprises the step of catalytically reacting carbon monoxide in the atmosphere. •
197. 197. The method according to claim 180, further characterized in that it comprises the step of catalytically reacting hydrocarbons and / or partially hydrogenated hydrocarbons.
198. 198. The method, according to claim 197, characterized in that the hydrocarbon is unsaturated. 10
199. 199. The method according to the claim 198, characterized in that the unsaturated olefinic compounds comprise compounds selected from the group consisting of propylene and butylene.
200. 200. The method according to claim 15 180, characterized in that it comprises the step of maintaining the surface at a temperature of about 20 to about 105 ° C.
201. 201. The method according to claim 180, characterized in that the contact surface with the The atmosphere directly contacts the atmosphere as the vehicle moves through the atmosphere.
202. 202. The method according to claim 201, characterized in that the relative velocity of the contact surface with the atmosphere and the atmosphere as the vehicle moves through the atmosphere is up to 160 km / h (100 miles / h).
203. 203. The method according to claim 180, characterized in that it comprises the steps of heating the contact surface with the atmosphere.
204. 204. The method according to claim 180, characterized in that the contact surface with the atmosphere is selected from the group consisting of the external surface of the air conditioning condenser, a radiator, a radiator fan, a charge cooler, and air and a wind deflector.
205. 205. The method according to claim 204, characterized in that the vehicle comprises means for cooling fluids which comprise the contact surface with the atmosphere and the method comprises contacting the atmosphere with the contact surface with the atmosphere.
206. 206. The method according to claim 205, characterized in that the means for cooling are selected from the group consisting of an air conditioning condenser, a radiator, an air charge cooler, a motor oil cooler, a cooler of transmission oil or a coolant d of energy conduction fluid.
207. 207. An apparatus for treating the atmosphere characterized in that it comprises: a vehicle, the vehicle comprising; means of translation, at least one contact vehicle surface with the atmosphere and a contaminant treatment composition located on the surface, the contaminant treatment composition comprising a catalytically active material selected from the group consisting of at least one component metal of the platinum group, a gold component and a silver component, and a metal component selected from the group consisting of a tungsten component and a rhenium component.
208. 208. The apparatus according to claim 207, characterized in that the metal component is selected from tungsten oxide and rhenium oxide.
209. 209. The apparatus according to claim 207, characterized in that the contaminant treatment composition is at least one composition selected from the group consisting of a catalyst composition and an adsorption composition.
210. 210. The apparatus according to claim 209, characterized in that the contaminant treatment composition further comprises a binder.
211. 211. The apparatus according to claim 207, characterized in that the contaminant treatment composition comprises a polymeric binder.
212. 212. The apparatus according to claim 211, characterized in that the composition of The contaminant treatment is added in the form of a polymeric latex binder.
213. 213. The apparatus according to claim 207, characterized in that the contaminant treatment composition further comprises a support. •
214. 214. The apparatus according to claim 213, characterized in that the catalyst composition comprises a support material selected from the group consisting of a refractory oxide support, a manganese component, a carbon and a coprecipitate of a 15 manganese oxide and zirconia.
215. 215. The apparatus according to claim 213, characterized in that the catalyst composition comprises at least one catalytically active material comprising a manganese component.
216. 216. The apparatus according to claim 207 or 213, characterized in that the catalytically active material is reduced.
217. 217. The apparatus according to claim 213, characterized in that the catalytically active material is selected from palladium and platinum components.
218. 218. The apparatus according to claim 217, characterized in that the catalytically active material is a platinum component.
219. 219. The apparatus according to claim 213, characterized in that the catalyst composition comprises from 60 to 98.5% by weight of the refractory oxide support, from 0.5 to 15 weight percent of at least one metal of the platinum group based on the weight of the metal and from 1 to 25 weight percent of the metal component.
220. 220. The apparatus according to claim 216, characterized in that the refractory oxide is selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica, titania, ceria, zirconia, chromia and mixtures thereof.
221. 221. The apparatus according to claim 220, characterized in that the refractory oxide is a titania solution.
222. 222. The apparatus according to claim 207 or 213, characterized in that the catalyst composition is calcined.
223. 223. The apparatus according to claim 207, characterized in that the contact surface with the atmosphere is selected from the group consisting of the external surface of an air conditioning condenser, a radiator, a radiator fan, a charge cooler of air and a wind deflector.
224. 224. The apparatus according to claim 223, characterized in that the vehicle comprises means for cooling fluids which comprise the contact surface with the atmosphere and the method comprises contacting the atmosphere with the surface of contact with the atmosphere.
225. 225. The apparatus according to claim 224, characterized in that the means for cooling are selected from the group consisting of an air conditioning condenser, a radiator, an air charge cooler, a motor oil cooler, a cooler of transmission oil and a fluid conduction fluid cooler.
226. 226. A contaminant treatment composition characterized in that it comprises a catalytically active material selected from the group consisting of: at least one metal component of the platinum group, a gold component and a silver component; a metal component selected from the group consisting of a tungsten component and a remnant component.
227. 227. The composition according to claim 226, characterized in that the metal component is selected from tungsten oxide and rhenium oxide.
228. 228. The composition according to claim 226, characterized in that the contaminant treatment composition is at least one composition selected from the group consisting of a catalyst composition and an adsorption composition.
229. 229. The composition according to claim 228, characterized in that it comprises a polymeric binder.
230. 230. The composition according to claim 226, characterized in that it comprises a polymeric binder.
231. 231. The composition according to claim 230, characterized in that the polymeric binder is provided as a polymeric latex binder.
232. 232. The composition according to claim 226, characterized in that the contaminant treatment composition further comprises a support.
233. 233. The composition according to claim 232, characterized in that the catalyst composition comprises a support material selected from the group consisting of a refractory oxide support, a manganese component, a carbon and a coprecipitate of a manganese oxide and zirconia 234. The composition according to claim 232, characterized in that the catalyst composition comprises at least one catalytically active material further comprising a manganese component. 235. The composition according to claim 226 or 232, characterized in that the catalytically active material is reduced. 236. The composition according to claim 232, characterized in that the catalytically active material is selected from palladium and platinum components. 237. The composition according to claim 236, characterized in that the catalytically active material is a platinum component. 238. The composition according to claim 232, characterized in that the catalyst composition comprises from 60 to 98.5% by weight of refractory oxide support, from 0.5 to 15% by weight of at least one metal of the platinum group based on the metal weight, and from 1 to 25% by weight of the metal component. 239. The composition according to claim 235, characterized in that the refractory oxide is selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica, titania, ceria, zirconia, chromia and mixtures thereof. 240. The composition according to claim 239, characterized in that the refractory oxide is a titania solution. 241. The composition according to claim 226 or 232, characterized in that it comprises the step of calcining the catalyst composition. 242. A method characterized in that it comprises the steps of: forming a mixture comprising a catalytically active material selected from at least one metal of the platinum group, a gold component and a silver component and a manganese component; and water; grind the mixture; add polymeric binder to the mixture; mix the mixture; and adding a carboxylic acid-containing compound during the formation of the mixture and / or during the aggregation of the polymeric binder to the mixture. 243. The method according to claim 242, characterized in that it comprises the steps of: forming a suspension comprising the mixture and a liquid; and coating a contact surface with the motor vehicle atmosphere with a suspension. 24 The method according to claim 242, characterized in that the catalytically active material further comprises a support. 245. The method according to claim 244, characterized in that it further comprises the step of calcining the catalytically active material before adding the polymeric binder. 246. The method of compliance with the claim 242, characterized in that it also comprises the step of reducing the catalytically active material.