MXPA06008167A

MXPA06008167A - Bending device comprising compensator rollers.

Info

Publication number: MXPA06008167A
Application number: MXPA06008167A
Authority: MX
Inventors: Walter E Spaeth
Original assignee: Klingelnberg Ag
Priority date: 2004-01-24
Filing date: 2005-01-11
Publication date: 2007-01-30
Also published as: EP1706227A1; KR20060126791A; RU2006130468A; JP2007518570A; CA2553737A1; CN1909990A; DE102004003681A1; RU2349405C2; WO2005070580A1; US20080257004A1

Abstract

Disclosed is a device for bending open, half-open, and closed hollow profiled members (11'). Said bending device operates with a central roller (3) that rests against the inner surface of the bent profiled member, a milling roller (4) which leans on the outer surface of the bend, and a bending roller (11) located at the discharge end of the profiled member. Said bending roller (11) acts upon the outer surface of the bend, counter to the supporting effect of a support roller (5, 6) that rests against the outer surface of the bend at the feeding end. In order to allow also thin-walled, sensitive profiled members to be shaped, additional milling rollers (12, 13) that act upon the top and bottom sidewall of the profiled member are disposed on a plane extending perpendicular to the bending plane in relation to the opposite central rollers and milling rollers (3, 4).

Description

DEVICE FOR CURVING WITH OSCILLATING LAMINATOR CYLINDERS DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to a device for bending with oscillating laminating cylinders in accordance with the preamble of claim 1. The invention discloses a new method of bending which is then also referred to as bending by cold flow forming. In the cold forming, when bending hollow profiles, in particular open and half open profiles, there is a problem that the profile tends to be dented, bent, undulated or broken. DE 197 17 472 A1 proposed a solution for this problem so that a four-cylinder bending machine is equipped with a mandrel rod which is placed in the internal space of the profile in the area of curvature. The bending machine is made up of a central cylinder in contact with the inner side of the curved profile, an oppressive cylinder in contact with the outer side of the curve and a flexor cylinder that is disposed on the exit side of the profile, which acts on the outer side of the curve and specifically against the support effect of a support cylinder which on the input side is in contact with the outer side of the curve.

REF.:174339 It was found that with this known bending device a rolling effect of the horizontal parts of the curve (internal and external side of the curve) of the profile takes place, and this in such a way that the oppressor cylinder in contact with the The outer side of the curve thins the profile in this area and the central cylinder in contact with the inner side of the curve absorbs the reaction forces, so that an increase in the material of the wall thickness in the area of the inner side of the curve by an effect of upsetting the curved profile. Up to now, material variations in the thickness of the material wall of the profile to be curved were accepted in the area of the inner side of the curve and the outer side of the curve without these variations of material being controlled in a controlled manner. . The distension and upset forces coupled to this on the inner side and the outer side of the curve therefore have a correspondingly negative influence on the molding of the profile and the texture of the material. With this it was not possible to influence in a controlled manner the flow of material on the external side of the curve to the inner side of the curve or in the direction of the external circumference of the curve and the internal circumference of the curve (transverse-longitudinal flow of the structure in the cross section of the profile). For this reason they could happen compost and warps on the walls. When curving this profile there is therefore an area of distension in the external curve and an area of upsetting in the internal curve. The distension and upsetting are events that occur through the introduction of force to overcome a moment of resistance of a profile to be curved, these forces have "effect a flow _de the structure of the material in the profile to be curved. of distension and upsetting is the effect caused "by high tensile and pressure forces in the external and internal zone during the production of a profile curvature when the yield point is exceeded. In conventional bending of profiles according to DE 197 17 472 A1 deformations occur in the cross section of the profile in the boundary area of a curvature, being that according to the object of document DE 197 17 472 Al already influenced these deformations in that the inner and outer wall of the profile was guided cleanly by a mandrel rod placed in the area of curvature. However, what could be called micro or macro fissure formation in the side wall of the curved profile, or in the transitions between laminated wall and non-laminated shear forces that could have effect a separation of the material. The homogeneity of the structure was disturbed or even interrupted. The object of the invention is therefore to improve a device for bending of the type under consideration in such a way that an optimum conformation of a profile is achieved without disturbing the homogeneity of the structure by preventing the formation of micro or macro cracks in the side walls of the profile . With this, an integral and dimensionally stable cross-sectional shape of the curved profile and a clean surface must be obtained. To solve the problem imposed the invention is characterized by the technical teaching of the claim. The essential thing is that in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the curvature in relation to the opposing central and oppressor cylinders there are so-called oscillating rolling cylinders which exert an effect on the upper and lower side wall of the profile. With this technical teaching a novel way of curving is proposed by flowering conformation that induces a flow of the structure in the axis of curvature of a profile. This flow of the structure is produced by the rolling process at the time the bending process begins accompanied by the introduction of the rolling effect.

In this way, the distension and upsetting forces are reduced to a minimum or even completely eliminated, "as a function of the rolling force and the depth of penetration to be applied by the rolling cylinders in the material. material during the bending process, or even further improved by the compression according to the invention of all the walls (outer side of the curve, inner side of the curve, side wall on top and side wall on the bottom). the aforesaid harmful influences on the structure of the cross section of the bending axis can no longer be produced, accordingly the invention proposes additional cylinders in contact with the upper and lower side wall, which are hereinafter referred to as oscillating rolling cylinders. But the invention is not limited to the concept of "oscillating rolling mill cylinder." In the most simple of the invention, these rolling cylinders (with or without contour) are not arranged oscillating, but rigid. The invention is concerned primarily with the induced flow in the structure extending from the outer side of the curve of the profile in the direction of the inner side of the curve, and controls this structural flow through the placement of upper and outer oscillating rolls. lower in the upper and lower side walls, in order to divert the structural flow from the outer side of the curve to the inner side of the curve and introduce it there. The displacement of volume also has the effect of a longitudinal flow with the consequence of an elongation above the line of flexion. • If, for example, an open, half open or closed hollow profile is bent in two dimensions, after the bending process a profile with a curved shape results. It is in the XY plane. It is defined by an external side of the curve and an internal side of the curve, with the so-called oppressor cylinder being in contact with the external side of the curve, while the so-called cylinder is in contact with the internal side of the curve. central. When producing such a curve, an elongation of the profile is produced on the external side of the curve by the measurement I + Δl, while the length I is preserved on the inner side of the curve. This applies to the case where the bending line is on the inner side of the curve. This means that the entire cross section of the profile is rolled up from the inner side of the curve.

Due to this, an elongation of the material is produced on the external side of the curve due to the rolling effect of the oppressor cylinder, together with a controlled flow of material along the length to produce the outer side of the curve. Then, for purposes of greater clarity, both walls (usually associated one another plane-parallel) with which they are in contact the cylinder oppressor and the central cylinder are designated as "front walls". The walls that extend perpendicular to them are designated as "side walls". Now the invention is concerned with the material flows that occur in the front wall of the external side of the curve, which according to the invention are diverted through the associated side walls to the front wall of the inner side of the curve by means of the innovative oscillating rolling cylinders that act on the side walls. According to the invention, upper and lower oscillating rolling mills are disposed, in each case in contact with the upper and lower side wall. These absorb the material flow from the inner side of the curve and the outer side of the curve and distribute it as a function of the depth of penetration and the inclined position of the oscillating rolling cylinders to the entire contact surface of the upper side wall and lower. For this reason the unfavorable variations in the structure due to the distension forces no longer occur., cutting and upsetting described above, by virtue of which a flow of the structure of the material to the upper and lower side wall takes place, induced by the upper and lower oscillating rolling rolls. If, for example, the wall thicknesses of a profile to be curved, have the same thickness, it is possible by means of the corresponding cross-sectional variations by virtue of the material displacements previously described and calculated to place the bending line in the wall of the wall. profile so that the upsetting area on the inner side of the profile curve is considerably eliminated. Therefore, there are no upset forces that can cause deformation. A displacement of the bending line of this type is obtained by rolling on the side walls. For this reason this method is also called "curved rolling with distension". In this distended rolling bending, the upper and lower oscillating rolling rolls are tapered against each other in their axial position against the plane-parallel of the profile to be curved. Therefore a greater rolling depth is obtained in the two upper and lower side walls of the outer side of the curve than comparatively on the inner side of the curve. Accordingly, the adjustment of the axial position of both upper and lower oscillating cylinders is such that the oscillating cylinders in the upper and lower side wall have a relative penetration depth in the material of the outer side of the curve, while the depth of penetration in the direction of the internal side of the curve can decrease adjusted to 0. This is achieved that it is even possible to dispense with the flexor cylinder that necessarily must exist and that a curve conformation of the profile already takes place only by placing of both oscillating laminating cylinders in cooperation with the horizontal rolling and central cylinder. It is no longer required that at axial distance from the above-mentioned central and oppressor cylinders an additional flexor cylinder be in contact with the outer side of the curve of the profile to form it. Naturally, the invention is not limited to dispensing with the flexor cylinder. It can also be envisaged that the flexor cylinder is still present and that there are additionally the oscillating rolling cylinders which are provided here according to the invention, which act on the upper side wall e. bottom of the profile.

What is important in this embodiment is that the bending line is transposed to the inner side of the arch and thereby a structural flow is induced from the outer side of the arch towards the inner side of the arch. "This is achieved by longitudinal axial angles with different adjustment and the depths of penetration of the oscillating rolling cylinders in the material to be formed.In this curved laminated with distension is also important to take into account the material displacements that take place on the inner side and the outer side of the curve For this purpose it is proposed that the cylinder on the external side of the curve (oppressor cylinder) approximate plane-parallel (or with inclined position) against the outer side of the profile curve , while the cylinder (central cylinder) in contact with the inner side of the curve approaches plane-parallel or with inclined position against the inner side of the curve. With this, the depth of penetration of the cylinder (oppressor cylinder) in contact with the outer side of the curve is absorbed by the oscillating rolling cylinders perpendicular to it acting on the side walls, and is diverted to the inside of the side walls and through from the side walls to the inside of the curve.

It is important that between the cylinder (oppressor cylinder) that is located on the outer side of the curve and the oscillating rolling cylinder that is added perpendicular to it does not result in an interstice or free space in the profile to be formed. That is to say that these cylinders should be possible to enclose the profile to be shaped with form drag to avoid in this interstice zone a deviation, dent and the like. To achieve this effect, it is necessary from the technical aspect of the construction of machines that the oscillating rolling cylinder be configured to be able to move on its longitudinal axis, so that during the bending process it follows the profile to be shaped. That is, only the wall volume V of the front and side walls of the curved profile is displaced from the outer side of the curve towards the inner side of the curve with V decreasing over an increase in length. By this it is ensured that accumulations of material no longer occur on the inside of the curve but that these material variations on the outside of the curve? Vmax on the inside of the curve with? Vmin are transformed into a corresponding increase in the length. The invention is not limited to the fact that only the oscillating cylinders in contact with the side walls are counterposed conical with the so-called curved rolling with distension. In a further embodiment it can also be provided that with certain profile shapes and special wall thicknesses also the oppressor and central cylinders in contact with the inner side and the outer side of the curve are correspondingly oscillating and therefore they can also be placed against each other. If there are different wall thicknesses in the profile to be curved during the curved rolling with distension, it is convenient that also the oppressor and central cylinders in contact with the inner and outer sides of the curve are placed different (inclined) in relation to its depth of penetration in the profile. Next, the so-called "gravitational bending" is represented as a second embodiment of the teaching according to the invention. In this gravitational bending, the bending line remains in the gravitational line, that is, approximately in the center of the profile to be curved if it is a symmetrical profile. In this gravitational bending it is important that the upper and lower oscillating rolling cylinders in contact with the upper and lower side walls can be placed either oscillatingly inclined against each other or having a doubly conical rolling surface. - The gravitational bending describes a condition of the bending in which the profile, on the neutral line, that is, the gravitational line, suffers in the outer region of the curve a thinning and lengthening of the wall thickness by means of distension beyond the gravitational line. At the site of the gravitational line the wall thickness begins to increase with the volume that was displaced from the gravitational line to the outer side of the curve. In other words: 1. What is lost in volume abroad is gained in volume in the interior. 2. What is gained in length on the outside is lost in length inside. This rule is valid for a profile whose cross section and wall have a symmetrical configuration. This physical process also has the effect of a reduction, although minimal, of the development by moving the gravitational line inwards. The gravitational line, that is, the center of gravity moves by the measure X towards the inner side of the curve; this caused by the displacement of material volume. The inner cross section of the profile is conserved considerably by the mandrel rod tool. This knowledge constitutes the basis of the calculation of volume to determine the different depths of penetration of the cylinders in the walls of the profile and the radii of a profile to be curved which are thereby adjustable in a controlled manner. Now the oscillating laminating cylinders are adjusted according to the physical displacement phenomena mentioned in the foregoing and to the volume variations in the region of the front and side wall calculated on the basis of these. The thinning in the outer region of the curve, the thickening in the inner region of the curve as well as the conical variation of the lateral wall are now objectively rolled with exact dimensional adjustment. The advantage of gravitational bending is: 1. A highly ductile structure (tis, without deformations, micro or macro fissures in the structure). 2. Clean exterior and interior contour of the cross section of the profile, (ie without warps, fertilizers, undulations in the profile wall). 3. High dimensional stability of the curve of the profile and the cross section of the profile. 4. Better quality of the profile surface after bending. 5. Greater capacity of flexion. 6. The bending parts are curved "in a single operation 7. Curve contour tis freely selectable 8. The radii and the smallest possible curves are bent with a single flexing tool. in the central line of flexion of the profile an increase of the material towards the inner side of the curve of the same magnitude as the decrease of the material on the outer side of the curve, as a third embodiment of the invention is described in more detail The so-called "curved rolling with upsetting." In this again are present upper and lower oscillating rolling mills in connection with a flexor cylinder tis arranged offset axially in relation to the aforementioned cylinders.The bending line moves to the outer side of the curve and the conical thickening of the material of the side walls are diverted towards the inner wall of the curve. Main stresses occur in the inner wall of the curve by shortening the curve's development. The curved rolling with upsetting uses central cylinders and oppressors opposite one another, braking, ie the speed of the cylinder in each case in contact with the outer and inner side of the profile is less than the speed of the profile through the interstice of the curvature. Additionally, so-called brake shoes are arranged on the inner and outer side of the curve, which increase the resistance on the profile to be curved and therefore a strong upsetting effect occurs on the bending axis. In general, all three methods of bending are based on the knowledge tby displacements. The symmetrical and asymmetric volume of a profile cross-section by rolling with oscillating laminating cylinders which are in contact with the upper and lower side walls avoids a disturbance of the frame structure. The interior geometry (tis, the internal cross section shape) of a profile is preserved without dimensional variation. The important thing is to preserve the internal dimension of the profile and only modify the external measurements of the profile in the sense of a volume displacement. With this, the internal dimension of the profile remains constant. Next, another possibility is alternatively described tthe external dimension of the profile remains constant. This is achieved by a flexible, adjustable mandrel rod tabsorbs variations in wall thickness toccur within the profile. Thus, from the outside it can not be seen in the curved profile that has differently rolled wall thicknesses in the curved inner region. The line of flexion is in this case the line in which the forces for distension and upsetting accumulate and make up the corresponding profile. In this aspect it is important for the invention in all the embodiments that the present invention is not directed solely to the two-dimensional conformation of a profile, but that with the grouping of laminating cylinders either with contour or oscillating it is possible to achieve additionally that from a two-dimensional profile can be bent into a spiral (in three-dimensional form). By bending spirals it is even possible to dispense with the flexor cylinder and also with the other known additional devices, since this spiral shape is obtained with nothing more than the displacement of volume (by virtue of the oscillating rolling mills). This is achieved by the conical positioning of the central cylinder and the opposing oppressive cylinder. In this respect, the upper and lower oscillating rolling mills serve, as before, for the desired structural flow and for the radius of curvature. The object of the present invention does not only arise from the object of the individual claims, but also from the combination with each other of the individual claims, all the specifications and characteristics disclosed in the documents, including the summary, in particular the spatial configuration represented In the drawings, they are claimed as essential to the invention, as individually or in combination they are new compared to the state of the art, the invention is explained in more detail by means of drawings representing several embodiments. they draw from the figures and their description additional characteristics and advantages of the invention that are essential for the invention Figure 1 in schematic form, the curvature of a two-dimensional profile; Figure 2 the deformation of a profile with the curvature according to figure 1, if it is necessary to carry a mandrel rod to the bend of the curvature; Figure 3 schematized, the top plan view on a device for bending in a first configuration; Figure 4 section according to line A-A of figure 3; Figure 5 the amplified representation of the profile to be bent under the effect of the cylinders during the gravitational bending; Figure 6 the amplified representation of the profile to be bent under the effect of the various cylinders during the rolling with distension; Figure 7 a second embodiment of a device for bending in top plan view; Figure 8 'section according to line A-A of figure 7; Figure 9 section according to line B-B of figure 7; FIG. 10 an enlarged representation of a profile to be curved during bending stressed with a device according to figures 7 to 9; Figure 11 section through the zone of the laminar curvature of the profile, in contact with four cylinders; Figure 12 schematized, the representation of the processes of conformation in section. In figure 1, a symmetrical hollow profile (designated as profile 1) is formed by symmetrical bending conformation to obtain a curved profile. For reasons of simplification, it is not shown that additional support cylinders 5, 6 according to FIG. 3 are still arranged on the entry side of the profile 1. The important thing in the comparison of Figure 1 with Figure 3 is that an oppressor cylinder 4 is in contact with the outer side of the curve (outer front wall), while the inner side of the curve (inner front wall) is in contact with it. a central cylinder 3 is in contact. Both cylinders are driven to turn either or both or only one of the two. In the interior space of the hollow profile, a mandrel bar 7 extends, at the front end of which a mandrel rod 8 is provided, which comprises corresponding support elements 9, 10. These support elements 9, 10 are highly wear-resistant supporting bodies that are in contact with the inner side of the profile 1 in the region of the region of the curvature. The area of the curvature is constituted by the opposition of the central cylinders 3 and 4. Otherwise, the profile can be pushed in the direction of the arrow 2 through the region of the curvature with a pushing device not mostly represented. Figure 1 shows that the oppressor cylinder 4 is in contact with the outer side 53 of the curve while the central cylinder 3 is in contact with the inner side 52 of the curve. By this, it is achieved that, for example, the inner side of the curve is curved with a radius of curvature 15 while the outer side 53 of the curve is bent with a radius 14 of curvature. In order to actually make possible the bending, at an axial distance from the bending zone a flexor cylinder 11 is arranged on the outer side 53 of the curve which can be moved to the position 11 'according to the representation, for this way by means of an approach force acting on the outer side 53 of the curve of the profile to be curved. The flexor cylinder 11 acts in principle against the resistance of the support cylinders 5, 6, in particular the support cylinder 6, while the support cylinder 5 only has guidance tasks. According to the invention, it is now proposed that an upper oscillating rolling cylinder 12 be in molding contact with the upper side wall 50, while a lower oscillating rolling cylinder 13 is in molding contact with the lower side wall 51. This is new and until now has not yet been described by the state of the art. The arrangement of the upper and lower oscillating rollers 12, 13 are also shown schematically in FIG. 1.

According to the invention, it is now proposed in a first embodiment that these two oscillating rollers 12, 13 are oscillating in their axial position (relative to the horizontal axis 21), that is, the upper oscillating roller 12 can swing in the direction of the arrow 18 towards the tilting axis 22a and the lower oscillating rolling cylinder 13 can swing in the direction of the arrow 19 towards the lower tilting axis 22b. With this it is clear that both cylinders 12, 13 oscillating rolling mills are opposed in conical form and by this they have a greater depth of penetration in the respective lateral wall 50, 51 side on the outer side 53 of the curve, which comparatively in the wall 50, 51 side towards the inner side 52 of the curve. Rather, it is proposed in a preferred configuration that the penetration depth be maximum on the outer side 53 of the curve while decreasing to 0 on the inner side 52 of the curve. In a refinement of the invention, it is proposed that not othe oscillating roller cylinders 12, 13 associated with the upper and lower side walls 50, 51 are oscillating and incunable, but that in addition the oscillating cylinder 4 is furthermore oscillating and / or oppressive. the central cylinder 3. This type of oscillation can take place in the arrow directions 16, 17. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 4, the upper oscillating mill roll 12 moves in a clockwise direction according to FIG. direction of the arrow 18 against the upper side wall 50, while the lower oscillating rolling cylinder 13 oscillates counter-clockwise (arrow direction 19) against the corresponding side wall 51. Figure 2 now shows that if the profile is formed by removing the corresponding guiding elements, the profile 1 is undesirably deformed from the profile 1, which on the outer side 53 of the curve has a corresponding inward dent with a shortening corresponding to the width dimension, whereby a simultaneous thinning of the material takes place. On the inner side 52 of the curve there is an increase in material, this increase being distributed in a corresponding dent and thickening of the thickness of the wall. This phenomenon occurs above all if an accompanying mandrel rod 8 is not driven in the inner space of the profile and the external distending forces and the internal upset forces form the profile in the manner shown. In accordance with the invention, it is now proposed according to FIG. 4 that the oscillating rolling cylinders 12, 13 which are in contact with the side walls 50, 51 are in each case guided against the side wall 50, 51 with the rolling force F2 and F3, and when they do this, they swing simultaneously against each other in the direction of arrow 18, 19. Accordingly, with the laminated bend with distension a conical side wall profile of the curved profile l1 results, as shown in the figure 4. A thickening of the cross section of the profile takes place in the region of the central cylinder 3 on the inner side of the curve, while in the region of the outer side of the curve a thinning of the profile takes place. In the side wall region of the side walls 50, 51 the material is distributed with this in a conical shape. In figure 5 shows the conformation of the scale profile amplified in the gravitational bending. The respective cylinders 3, 4, 12, 13 orepresent in an indicative manner, and this oin the area of their running surfaces when acting on the respective external sides of the profile 1 to be shaped.

The transfer of figure 5 of the figure on figure 1 of the figure means that practically starting from the plane of figure 5 the profile curves outwards and upwards. in the direction of the arrow 26. In this aspect it is important that the oppressor cylinder 4 approaches in the direction of the arrow 46 (approach direction) to the outer curve 29. The bending axis 54 extends through the zero line 30. The preceding external curve 29, without shaping, it is transformed into the shaped exterior curve 29 '. This goes hand in hand with a thinning 43 of material. The material thinning 43 results from the difference between the unformed outer curve 29 and the outer curve 29 'which results after bending. The distension forces that are generated during shaping lead to said thinning 43 of material. In the region of the lateral walls in which the respective cylinders 12, 13 oscillating mills act, a thinning 31 of conical material is produced, as they are represented as thin wedge-shaped surfaces 31, extending perpendicularly from the thinning 43 of vertical material on the outside of the curve towards the inside of the curve. In the axis of flexure, in the region of the zero line 30, this thinning 31 of wedge-shaped material disappears. Beyond the line 30 of bending towards the inner curve 28 again results an increase 32 of material that from the bending line 30 enlarges as a wedge-shaped narrow wedge towards the inner side 52 of the curve. This results in between material thinning 31 and material increase 32 an equal volume exchange. The important thing now is that the respective cylinders 12, 13 oscillating rolling mills have a rolling surface with a special contour and can not themselves approach tilting or inclined to the respective side walls. The rolling surface 25 of the respective cylinder 12, 13 oscillating mill is chamfered so that the part 25a of the running surface is raised conical starting from the bending line 30 to the outer curve 29. This results in a maximum penetration depth of the oscillating rolling cylinders 12, 13 which "acts on the outer curve. This depth of penetration supports the elongation of the curve, that is, the increase in length on the exterior side 53 of the curve. On the other hand, extending from the bending line 30 to the right, towards the inner side 52 of the curve or towards the inner curve 28, the rolling surface 25b of the respective cylinder 12, 13 oscillating rolling mill is exactly cylindrical. This causes that the increase 32 of material that occurs in the side wall region 50, 51 deviates conically in the direction of the arrow 33 to the interior curve 28. This has to do with the fact that the respective cylinders 12-, 13 oscillating mills approach symmetrical and not inclined against the respective lateral wall 50, 51, by which the increase 32 of material moves in the direction of the arrow 33 to the interior curve 28 where the subsequent shape 28 'of the interior curve assumes. For this reason there is an increase 32 'of material on the inner side 52 of the curve, so that the measure of thinning existing on the left in the oppressive cylinder 4 is moved by the cylinders 12, 13 rolling mills to the right in the direction of the inner side of the curve, and this specifically to the line of the 32 'increment of material. Through the tapered increments of material of the material increments 32, a thickening 34 of material occurs in the area of the interior wall of the interior curve 28. The central cylinder 3 only has a molding character in the sense that the profile only rests correspondingly on the inner side 52 of the curve. The increase 44 of material produced therefrom results from the volume shift of the two wedges of the increment 32 of material that occurs in the side wall. The forces produced by distension and upsetting are of the same magnitude, but nevertheless of opposite sign. This is symbolized by the oblique line that indicates that the forces in the region of the central axis 23 and axis 54 of flexion decrease to 0, while in the region of the outer curve 29 are indicated with a minus sign. Decreasing means that in the internal curve 28 they are indicated with more and therefore they are maximum. Therefore, a distension force is produced on the outside of the curve, while an upsetting force is produced on the inside of the curve. Consequently, the thinning 27a that occurs in the outer curve 29 is transformed into a thickness of upsetting 27 of the same size in the interior curve 28. The lateral restriction of the rolling surface 35 of the oscillating rolling cylinder which moves in the direction of the rolling surface 35 'with the movement of the pressing cylinder is described with 35. In FIG. 6, a grouping is described for the laminated bending with distension.

In this grouping it is essential that the oscillating rolling cylinders 12, 13 do not have a rolling surface 25 with special contour, but that the oscillating rolling cylinders 12, 13 are inclined in total by an angle 45 '(angle a), and this extends from the outer curve 29 in the direction of the interior curve 28. The bending line now moves from the center of gravity on the central axis 23_ in the direction of the bending line 30 on the inner curve 28. The important thing in the curved laminated with distension is that a flexor cylinder 11 is not indispensable as soon as this bending mold is only effected by the conical positioning of the cylinders 12, 13 oscillating rolling mills with the help of the approach of the cylinder 4 oppressor and the cylinder 3 central. The pressing cylinder 4 approaches in the direction of the arrow 46 (approaching direction) against the outer curve 29, whereby a thinning 43 of material is produced, and this thinning 43 of material is transformed into an increase in the length in the curve 29 outside. At the same time the material thinning 43 is transformed in the region of the side walls into a thinning 31 of wedge-shaped material that decreases to 0 to the inside of the curve in the interior curve 28.

• In this curved laminate with distension, the bending line 30 is on the inner side of the curve of the inner curve 28. In this aspect it is important that both cylinders 12, 13 oscillating mills are inclined against each other in the arrow directions 18, 19, with the depth of penetration in the profile on the left side corresponding to the material thinning 43. ~ All the three laminates, that is to say, the laminate with the oppressor cylinder 4 and with the cylinders 12, 13 oscillating mills are carried out at the same time. For this reason there is an increase 56 of material on the inner side of the curve. The surface pressure of the oppressive cylinder 4 on the outer curve 29 is approximately three times higher compared to the surface pressure of the central cylinder 3 which is in contact with the inner curve 28. By this a penetration depth of, for example, 4 mm is produced in the region of the outer curve 29, and a penetration depth of 1.3 mm in the region of the interior curve 28 for the corresponding cylinders 4, 3. The example of embodiment according to FIG. 6 is also characterized in that the upper oscillating rolling cylinder 12 is placed with a conical inclination with respect to the lower oscillating rolling cylinder 13, so that a greater penetration depth of these two cylinders is produced. 12, 13 oscillating rolling mills in the outer curve 29 that comparatively in the inner curve 28. In the inner curve 28 the depth of penetration is 0 where the bending line 30 extends. The entire bending event takes place on the bending axis 54. In all three embodiments, it is also essential that the interior space of the profile 1, 1 'always be stabilized on this bending axis 54 by the mandrel rod 8 which is held there in a precise position, in order to always preserve The internal dimension of the profile 1 is stable. The force of action of the oppressor cylinder 4 is consequently transmitted to the central cylinder through the profile and of the mandrel rod 8 retained in the interior space of the profile. According to the invention, also the oscillating rolling cylinders 12, 13 approach against the respective lateral walls 50, 51 of the profile with an adjustable approach force, this approach force being in the range of 100 kN. The approximation force of the oppressive cylinder 4 against the outer curve 29 could be in the range of 400 kN, while the central cylinder 3 only suffers a reaction force. The central cylinder 3 absorbs a total of 800 kN.

This is due to the fact that the oppressor cylinder 4 provides 400 kN, the flexor cylinder 11 not shown provides 200 kN on the profile and with this a reaction force is produced on the support cylinder 5, 6. Furthermore, in the cylinders 12, 13 oscillating rolling mills, the corresponding action forces of respectively 100 kN are generated, so that in total the central cylinder 3 absorbs 800 kN, whereas the action forces of the oscillating rolling cylinders 12, 13 do not exert any influence on the central cylinder 3. In FIG. 7, a second exemplary embodiment of a bending laminating machine with oscillating cylinders is shown, which describes the bending rolling with upsetting. The same device already explained above is used in FIG. 3. Therefore, the explanations thereof are also valid for FIG. 7. However, FIG. 7 additionally shows that the front free end of the mandrel rod 8 is shown in FIG. it also has a chain 39 of links which articulately connects one to another individual cylinder elements 40. This ensures that the cylinder elements 40 are arranged in the area of the bending axis 54 and in the exit direction behind the bending axis 54, to additionally support the inner cross section of the profile 1 '. A large upsetting force is produced because the profile is pushed into the area of the curvature in the direction of the arrow 2, and the speed with which the central cylinder 3 and the oppressor cylinder 4 drive the profile 1 is lower than the push speed in direction 2 of the arrow. Due to this, an upsetting effect occurs on the profile 1, which is additionally supported by two brake shoes 37, 38 which are opposite each other. The brake shoe 37 is in contact with the outer side 53 of the curve, while the brake shoe 38 is in contact with the inner side 52 of the curve. Figure 8 further shows that not only the oscillating 5 cylinders 12, 13 are formed oscillating, but also it is further possible to configure oscillating the central cylinder 3 and the oppressive cylinder 4. These last cylinders 3, 4 are oscillating if, in addition to a two-dimensional curvature of the profile 1, it is also necessary to bend this spiral profile. This is symbolized by the arrow directions in Figure 8. Figure 9 shows a section in the direction of the line BB of Figure 7, where it can be seen that the brake shoe 38 is in contact with the side 52 inside the curve increasing the friction and through this achieves a strong upsetting effect. In the manner described above, the upper oscillating rolling cylinder 12 is in contact with the upper side wall 50, while the lower oscillating rolling cylinder 13 is in contact with the lower side wall 51 according to FIG. 8. What characterizes this embodiment is that the bending line 30 now moved on the outer curve 29. In this aspect, line of flexure 30 is understood to mean that in this zone no force acts on the profile 1. Therefore it is a neutral line. From this line 30 of bending in the outer curve 29, the upsetting on the side walls 50, 51 now begins in the direction towards the interior curve 28, where in the region of these side walls a conical increase 32 of material is produced. . The cylinders 12, 13 oscillating mills have a cylindrical, straight rolling surface and are aligned plane-parallel with respect to the original profile 1 not curved. During the bending an increase 32 of wedge-shaped material occurs, and at the same moment this excess material 32 is deflected in the oscillating rolling cylinders which are invariably stationary to the region of the inner side 52 of the curve, where produces an increment 48 of additional material in the interior curve 28.

The inner curve 28 previously not shaped incides radially to the exterior in the direction of the interior curve 28 ', as illustrated in figure 10. If ellipse 32 were left in the region of the side walls 51, 52, then there would be no more than the 48 increase of material. But if this material 32 nevertheless moves from the side walls to the inner region of the curve, an increase 32 'of additional material is produced. If these two wedges of the increment 32 of material in the region of the side walls 50, 51 overlap, this volume corresponds exactly to the volume of the increment 32 'of material in the region of the interior curve 28'. The rolling surface 57 of the central cylinder only has a molding character for molding the enlarged inner curve 28 ''. The increment 48, 32 'of material in the interior curve 28 does not disturb the use of such a profile. However, by virtue of the violent molding and the rolling effect of the cylinders 12, 13 oscillating rolling mills the increase 32 of conical material is displaced inwardly in the side walls, so that the side walls 50, 51 of the shaped profile 1 retain its absolute flat parallelism. The development of a curve is in general always measured from a bending line 30, which in the exemplary embodiment shown is on the outer side of the curve. On the outer side of the curve (external curve 29) there is no material rolling effect and the material displacement phenomena move through the lateral walls 15, 51 to the inner curve 28. A curved rolling with upsetting of this type is used when the static of the curved profile requires that the wall thickness of the outer curve 29 and the wall thickness of the side walls 50, 51 remain the same even after shaping. The increase in wall thickness in the region of the interior curve 28 in this case is not detrimental and increases the moment of resistance of the curved profile. Figures 11 and 12 show an exemplary embodiment of curved laminate 'with distension with volume displacement in the example of a square tube of 200 x 200 x 20 mm: Calculation of volume displacement: Ua / 4 = Da xp / 4 = (200 x 3.14): 4 = 1570 mm Ui / 4 = Di xp / 4 = (1600 x 3.14): 4 = 1256 mm L = 314 mm In the laminated bending with 100% distension the bending line is in the inner curve, that is, the length of development does not vary.

Fi = Ui x Si = 1256 x 20 = 25,120 mm2 Sa = Fa / Ua = 25120 mm2 / 1570 mm = 16 mm wall thickness in the outer arch wall, ie 20 - 16 = 4 mm should be laminated, the sum of the volumes remains constant, that is, Fi = Fa. The side walls are symmetrically laminated from the outside 4 mm conically inward to 0. In the inverse ratio 200: 600 = 1/3, with a penetration depth of outside 4 mm, the penetration depth in is = 4/3 = 1.33 mm. This internal elongation is eliminated by upsetting by the flexor cylinder. - Figure 11 designates the depth of penetration with 60 and the depth of rolling with 61. The magnitude of the depth of penetration existing on the input side is designated 60, while the magnitude (of opposite sign) on the output side is designated with 60 '.

The displacement of the gravitational line 58 towards the gravitational line 58 'which is radially further inside is effected in the form of a small step 59 in the area of the flexor cylinder. List of reference symbols 1 Profile 1 '2 Direction of arrow 3 Central cylinder 4 Oppressor cylinder 5 Support cylinder 6 Support cylinder 7 Chuck rod 8 Chuck chuck 9 Support element 10 Support element 11 Flexor cylinder 11' 12 Cylinder top swinging laminator 13 Lower oscillating rolling mill 14 External bending radius 15 Internal bending radius 16 Arrow direction 17 Direction of arrow 18 Direction of arrow 19 Direction of arrow 20 Central axis (cylinder) 21 E e horizontal 22 Tilting axis 22a, 22b 23 Central axis (profile) 24 Arrow direction 25 Rolling surface 25a, 25b 26 Arrow direction 27 Crimping thickness 27a 28 Inner curve 28 ', 28' '29 External curve 29' 30 Bending line 31 Thinning material 32 Material increase 32 '33 Arrow direction 34 Thickening of material 35 Rolling surface 35' 36 Thinning dimension 37 External brake shoe 38 Internal brake shoe 39 Link chain 40 Cylinder element 41 Profile thickening 42 43 Thinning of material 44 Material increase 45 Alpha angle 46 Approach direction (left) 47 Approach direction (right) 48 Material increase 49 Arrow direction 50 Upper side wall 51 Lower side wall 52 'Inner side of curve 53 External side of curve 54 Bending axis 55 Line 56 Material increase 57 Rolling surface 58 Gravitational line 58' 59 Step 60 Depth of penetration 60 '61 Depth of laminate It is noted that in relation to this date, the best method known to the applicant to carry out the aforementioned invention, is that which is clear from the present description of the invention.

Claims

CLAIMS Having described the invention as above, the content of the following claims is claimed as property: 1. Device for bending, to form by bending of closed hollow, semi-open and open profiles, with a central cylinder in contact with the inner side of the profile curved, an oppressor cylinder in contact with the outer side of the curve and a flexor cylinder disposed on the outlet side of the profile which acts on the outer side of the curve and this against the support effect of a support cylinder in contact with the outer side of the curve on the inlet side, characterized in that in the plane perpendicular to the plane of curvature with respect to the central and oppressive cylinders opposite are additional rolling cylinders that act on the upper and lower side wall of the profile , being that the laminating cylinders acting on the side walls are configured as oscillating laminating cylinders. 2. Device for bending according to claim 1, characterized in that the material flows that occur in the front wall of the side of the outer curve are induced in the direction of the front wall of the side of the interior curve through the walls associated laterals through the oscillating rolling cylinders that act against the side walls. Bending device according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that in the rolling with distension curving the upper and lower oscillating rolling cylinders are placed conically opposite against the flat parallelism of the profile to be curved. 4. Device for bending according to claim 3, characterized in that in the two upper and lower side walls a greater rolling depth is obtained on the outer side of the curve than comparatively on the inner side of the curve. 5. Device for bending according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that on the outer side of the curve the oscillating cylinders have a relative penetration depth in the material in the upper and lower side wall, being that instead the depth of penetration towards the inner side of the curve decreases to 0. 6. Device for bending according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the bending line is transposed to the inner side of the curve and a structural flow is induced from the outer side of the curve towards the inner side of the curve. 7. Device for bending according to one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the cylinder on the outer side of the curve approaches flat-parallel against the outer side of the curve of the profile, because the central cylinder in contact with the inner side 5 of the curve approaches plane-parallel against the inner side of the curve. 8. Device for bending according to one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that also the oppressor and central cylinders in contact with the side The interior and the outer side of the curve are oscillating and are arranged against each other 9. The device for bending according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that in the gravitational bending of a symmetrical profile the line of 15 flexion remains in the gravitational line, approximately in the center of the profile to be bent. 10. Curving device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the upper and lower oscillating rolling rolls 20 have an at least partially conical running surface. 11. Device for bending according to claim 10, characterized in that in the area towards a central middle line the contour comprises a diagonal from 25 the outward bending line, and because from the bending line towards the inner side of the curve the contour of the upper and lower oscillating rolling cylinder is plane-parallel to the profile shape of the original non-shaped profile. 12. Device for bending according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that in the curved rolling with upsetting the bending line moves towards the outer side of the curve and the material thickenings of the side walls are diverted to the inner wall of the curve. Bending device according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the speed of the cylinders respectively in contact with the outer and inner side of the profile is lower than the speed of the profile through the bending gap. Bending device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that on the inner and outer side of the curve brake shoes are provided which increase the resistance on the profile to be curved and a strong upsetting effect occurs. in the axis of flexion. 15. Curving device according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that, in addition to the oscillating rolling cylinders, the central cylinder and the oppressor cylinder are also oscillating. 16. The bending device according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the central cylinder and the opposing oppressive cylinder can also be inclined conically. - 17. Method with a device according to one or more of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the material flows that occur in the front wall of the outer side of the curve deviate induced to the front wall of the inner side of the curve. the curve through the associated side walls. 18. Method according to claim 17, characterized in that in the curved rolling with distension, when bending by flowering shaping a structural flow is induced in the axis of flexion of a profile extending from the outer side of the curve of the profile in direction to the inner side of the curve. Method according to claim 17, characterized in that in the curved rolling with upsetting, when bending by flowering shaping a structural flow is induced in the axis of flexion of a profile extending from the inner side of the curve of the profile in direction to the outer side of the curve. 20. Method according to claim 17, characterized in that in the gravitational bending, when bending by flowing conformation the gravitational line that is approximately equal to the bending line is conserved without displacement, because by the forces of upsetting from the line At the center of the profile flexure, an increase of the material towards the inner side of the curve occurs and because on the outer side of the curve a reduction of material of the same volume magnitude takes place by rolling, with the consequence that by means of the effects Rolling and distending forces are removed by rolling.