MXPA01001398A - Improved gas generating composition - Google Patents
Improved gas generating compositionInfo
- Publication number
- MXPA01001398A MXPA01001398A MXPA/A/2001/001398A MXPA01001398A MXPA01001398A MX PA01001398 A MXPA01001398 A MX PA01001398A MX PA01001398 A MXPA01001398 A MX PA01001398A MX PA01001398 A MXPA01001398 A MX PA01001398A
- Authority
- MX
- Mexico
- Prior art keywords
- copper
- compound
- nitrate
- composition
- composition according
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- DVARTQFDIMZBAA-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium nitrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O DVARTQFDIMZBAA-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000374 eutectic mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- YLMGFJXSLBMXHK-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium perchlorate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O YLMGFJXSLBMXHK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000003000 nontoxic Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000003247 decreasing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- CNUNWZZSUJPAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Guanidine nitrate Chemical compound NC(N)=N.O[N+]([O-])=O CNUNWZZSUJPAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- -1 copper phthalocyanine compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- PMGFHEJUUBDCLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminoguanidine;nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O.NN=C(N)N PMGFHEJUUBDCLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001487 potassium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heliogen blue Chemical compound [Cu].[N-]1C2=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=NC([N-]1)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=N2 RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cesium Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- NLSCHDZTHVNDCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Caesium nitrate Chemical compound [Cs+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O NLSCHDZTHVNDCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 6
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Perchlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 6
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Inorganic materials [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 150000003868 ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229940099898 chlorophyllin Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019805 chlorophyllin Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) acetate Substances [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- WKDKOOITVYKILI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Caesium perchlorate Chemical compound [Cs+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O WKDKOOITVYKILI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 76
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 10
- HAMNKKUPIHEESI-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminoguanidine Chemical compound NNC(N)=N HAMNKKUPIHEESI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003878 thermal aging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229940023488 Pill Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000078 corrosive Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 231100001010 corrosive Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- HHEFNVCDPLQQTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium perchlorate Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O HHEFNVCDPLQQTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- IDCPFAYURAQKDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitroguanidine Chemical compound NC(=N)N[N+]([O-])=O IDCPFAYURAQKDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000024881 catalytic activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000320 mechanical mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000051 modifying Effects 0.000 description 1
- YIKSCQDJHCMVMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalic acid diamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C(N)=O YIKSCQDJHCMVMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005382 thermal cycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003232 water-soluble binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Abstract
An improved thermally stable, storage stable gas generating composition characterized by both an increased burning rate and a decreased pressure exponent for producing a clean, nontoxic, substantially ash- and solids- free gas for inflating inflatable structures such as vehicle airbags is provided. Optimum combustion efficiencies and operating pressures are achieved in the improved gas generating composition by adding an effective amount of a copper or copper compound catalyst to a gas generating composition that is preferably a eutectic mixture or solid solution of ammonium nitrate, at least one highly oxygenated fuel, potassium or cesium perchlorate or nitrate and an optional binder.
Description
IMPROVED GAS GENERATOR COMPOSITION
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates generally to gas generating compositions and specifically to a gas generating composition with improved ballistic properties, suitable for use in the automatic inflation of inflatable structures such as air bags for vehicles and aircraft exhaust ramps.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The gas generating compositions have been used for a long time for many purposes. The requirement of vehicular, especially automotive, air bags in passive restraint systems designed to protect drivers and passengers in the event of a crash has produced a substantial amount of research in search of the ideal gas generating composition for this purpose. The ideal gas generating composition must be thermally stable, cold-burning, and must be a non-corrosive composition that generates a large volume of a non-toxic gas substantially free of ash or free of solids. The ideal gas generating composition should also be stored stable so that it ignites effectively and burns efficiently when needed. Although prior art has proposed gas generating compositions that approximate this ideal, structures that inflate automatically such as vehicle airbags have not yet been reached. The current state of the art of gas generating compositions, referred to in gas generating technology as "propellants", typically includes an ammonium nitrate oxidant, combined with a binder in the form of rubber or in a pressurized filler to form a pill, which is stored until it is turned on to inflate the airbag or other structure. Various chemical additives, for example highly oxygenated fuels such as guanidine nitrate, aminoguanidine nitrate and oxamide, are combined with ammonium nitrate to aid ignition, modify burn rates, promote uniform burning and produce flame temperatures acceptably low. The combustion catalysts can be included in the composition to increase the burning rate, promote ignition and combustion at low pressure. However, metal additives often used in combustion catalysts produce solids in the effluent gas that can interfere with the toxicity of the gas, exhaust particulates or inflation of the airbag or other inflatable structure. Ammonium nitrate is the oxidant most commonly used in this type of gas generating compositions. It is easily available, safe to handle and cheap. In addition, ammonium nitrate is burned at low flame temperatures and burn rates to produce a non-corrosive and non-toxic exhaust gas. The main disadvantages of using ammonium nitrate as the oxidant in a gas generating composition are the inherently low burn rates, higher pressure exponents, poor combustion at low pressures and its tendency to undergo phase changes during temperature variations, which causes fractures and gaps in the tablet. Fractured pills are not likely to provide a reliable gas generator when needed. The formation of fractures can be minimized by using a binder that is sufficiently strong and flexible to hold the composition together. Pills formed without a binder additive will fracture unless phase change additives or specific additional components are used, or both, or processing steps are used,
^ ^ .. & a ^^^^ 3tea- U.S. Patent No. 5,545,272 to Poole et al., is illustrative of a gas generating composition based on ammonium nitrate for a car airbag. The mechanical mixture of ammonium nitrate 5, nitroguanidine and a potassium salt described by Poole et al., Suffers from some drawbacks discussed in the foregoing, however. This type of composition is subject to the phase changes of ammonium nitrate mentioned above due to temperature cycling.
Since the composition does not include a binder or a component that modifies the phase change and is not produced to modulate the phase changes of ammonium nitrate, a very likely result is fractures and voids in the gas generating pellet. US Patent No. 5,551,725 to Ludwig describes an inflator composition for a vehicle air bag that includes an oxidant, such as ammonium nitrate and a fuel, which may be nitro-organic, such as a guanidine nitrate. The
composition of Ludwig, as well as the composition of Poole et al. , does not prevent potentially damaging ammonium nitrate phase changes. In the previous gas generating compositions, as well as in other available gas generators, the
burn speeds tend to be low and values
Raa ^ a ^ »..« a¡ ^^. ^ ASAat- ^ M, e gfjfffiatfyafai.
Pressure exponents tend to be high so that they are not as efficient as desired. These ballistic properties present challenges in the design of a vehicle airbag unit. Low burn speeds lead to high operating pressures or thin network designs. High exponents at low pressures lead to poor and variable combustion and unburned waste. Further, under these conditions, the thin network designs typically used for the gas generating loads are weakened and become friable and are susceptible to vibrational damage so as to compromise the storage stability of the gas generator. Therefore, there is a need for a thermally stable, storage stable gas generating composition characterized by both an increased burn rate and a lower pressure exponent compared to that obtained thus far and which produces a clean gas, not toxic and substantially free of ash and solids with optimum combustion efficiency and operating pressure.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
A main objective of the invention therefore is to provide a thermally stable gas generating composition, stable to storage and characterized by both an increased burn rate and a lower pressure exponent than previously obtained which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art and that produces a clean, non-toxic gas and substantially free of ash and solids with optimal combustion efficiency and operating pressure. Another object of the present invention is to provide a gas generating composition with improved ballistic properties which is ideally suited to effectively and efficiently inflate an airbag for a vehicle. A further objective of the present invention is to provide a gas generating composition characterized by an optimum burn rate and an optimum pressure exponent value for automatically inflating inflatable structures such as air bags for vehicles, aircraft exhaust ramps and the like. A further objective of the present invention is to provide a gas generating composition that shows
^ ^ ^^^^^ gi ^^^ W ^ ja ^^ j characteristics of thermal aging, thermal cycling and desirable chip resistance. A further objective of the present invention is to provide a catalyst for a gas generating composition which improves the ballistic properties including a solid solution or a eutectic mixture of ammonium nitrate, at least one highly generated fuel, preferably guanidine nitrate ( GN) or aminoguanidine nitrate (AGN), or both, and an optional phase stabilizer. A further object of the present invention is to provide a method for simultaneously increasing the burning rate and decreasing the pressure exponent of the gas generating compositions containing a eutectic mixture or a solid solution of ammonium nitrate, GN or AGN., or both, a binder and an optional phase stabilizer without adversely affecting other properties by adding a selected catalyst to the gas generating composition. The above objects are obtained by providing a gas generating composition with improved ballistic properties comprising a solid solution or a eutectic mixture of ammonium nitrate, GN or AGN or both, or a phase stabilizer, a binder and an effective amount of a catalyst that is selected from copper or copper compounds. A first preferred gas generating composition, preferred according to the present invention comprises a solid solution or a eutectic mixture of ammonium nitrate, guanidine nitrate or aminoguanidine nitrate or both, potassium nitrate or cesium, polyvinyl alcohol and phthalocyanine of copper. A second preferred improved gas generating compound comprises a eutectic mixture or solid solution of ammonium nitrate, guanidine nitrate or ammoniguanidine nitrate, or both, potassium perchlorate, polyvinyl alcohol and copper phthalocyanine. The second preferred compound can be obtained by replacing potassium perchlorate with ammonium perchlorate and potassium nitrate in ratios which provide the same concentration of K + and C104 ions in the remaining mixture of AN / GN or AGN / PVA, or both The burn rate of the gas generating composition is increased and the pressure exponent of the gas generating composition decreases simultaneously without adversely affecting other propellant properties by the addition of an effective amount of copper or a selected copper compound to a solid solution. or eutectic mixture of the components of the gas generating composition, which are adjusted to maintain the oxygen to fuel ratio in the
i ^^} ? Sá * r-? Im & desired interval from 0.88 to 1.0. This allows an increase in AN and a decrease in GN or AGN, or both. The additional objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in this art from the following description, claims and drawings. The scope of the present invention is capable of different modalities and modifications, and the description and drawings are intended to be illustrative and not restrictive.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 graphically illustrates the burn rate at 6.9 MPa (1000 psi) of a preferred gas generating composition in accordance with the present invention; Figure 2 illustrates in graphic form the pressure exponent at 1-2 ksi of the gas generating composition of Figure 1; and Figure 3 represents a graphical comparison of burn rate and pressure for a gas generating eutectic composition and for a gas generating composition containing a catalyst according to the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
State-of-the-art gas generating compositions for vehicle air bags and similar inflatable structures must produce a clean and non-toxic gas effluent substantially ashless. To date, one of the best solutions for obtaining an ash-free effluent has been to use ammonium nitrate in the gas-generating composition. The combination 0 of ammonium nitrate and hydrocarbon fuel containing appreciable levels of oxygen, such as guanidine nitrate or aminoguanidine nitrate, or both, produces a clean, substantially ash-free effluent when burned. This type of gas generating composition is formed as a solid solution or as a eutectic mixture and generally also contains low levels of a phase stabilizer, particularly potassium nitrate or potassium perchlorate, and a water soluble binder, such as alcohol poly. The gas generating compositions comprise solid solutions or eutectic mixtures of ammonium nitrate and guanidine nitrate or aminoguanidine nitrate, or both, wherein potassium nitrate or potassium perchlorate does not show the adverse changes of nitrate phase 5 Ammonium or pill fractures caused by cycles
of temperature characteristic of the ammonium nitrate gas generating compositions of the prior art. U.S. Patent No. 5,726,382, assigned to the assignee of the present invention, describes a gas generating composition that is a eutectic mixture of ammonium nitrate (AN), guanidine nitrate (GN) or aminoguanidine nitrate (AGN). ), potassium nitrate (KN) and, optionally, a binder. The United States patent application serial number
08 / 663,012 filed June 7, 1996, also assigned to the assignee of the present invention, discloses a gas generating composition that is a eutectic solution of ammonium nitrate (AN), guanidine nitrate (GN) or nitrate of aminoguanidine (AGN) and perchlorate
potassium (KP) with a polyvinyl alcohol binder (PVA). The disclosure of U.S. Patent No. 5,726,832 and Serial No. 08 / 663,012 are incorporated herein by reference. Although the gas generating compositions described in these
In fact, many of these disadvantages, in particular the adverse phase changes associated with ammonium nitrate, characteristic of such compositions, have been found to effectively resolve the ballistic properties of these gas generating compositions.
ammonium nitrate can be greatly improved, which
r - ^^^^ leads to higher combustion efficiency and improved operation for inflation. An effective catalyst has been discovered which simultaneously increases burn rates and decreases the value of pressure exponents for gas generating compositions comprising solid solutions or eutectic mixtures of ammonium nitrate, highly oxygenated fuels such as GN or AGN or both, and additives that include binders and phase stabilizers. It has been found that the use of copper or copper compounds is particularly effective in simultaneously increasing the burning rate by decreasing the pressure exponent value for these gas generating compositions without adversely affecting other desired properties. The preferred compounds are copper phthalocyanines and are currently used as colorants and pigments for plastics, ceramics and other materials, and are known in the art under the familiar name of Monarch Blue or Pigment Blue. The catalyst activity of copper phthalocyanines in solid solutions or eutectic mixtures of AN and GN, ammonium nitrate and other gas generating compositions has not been recognized until the present invention. The family of copper phthalocyanine compounds suitable for use in accordance with the present invention are referred to herein as Monarch Blue. This term is intended to encompass all chemically and structurally similar copper phthalocyanine compounds with catalytic activity in the classes of gas generating compositions described herein. The gas generating compositions of the present invention are typically formed by dissolving all of the compounds in water and mixing them by reducing them to dryness, preferably to form a eutectic mixture with a low melting point or a solid solution. The resulting lump is then granulated and compacted into tablets, tablets or other convenient forms. Copper or copper compounds are easily dispersed in the hot melt aqueous mixtures used in this method of forming gas generating compositions. At the addition levels used, the selected copper or copper compound such as Monarch Blue is easily dispersed with the other components of the composition in ammonium nitrate / guanidine nitrate gas generators. The catalytic efficiency of the addition of copper compounds such as Monarch Blue to specific gas compositions has been established to simultaneously increase the burning rate and decrease the pressure exponent by a series of studies. The granules that are formed from the gas generating compositions described below are burned to form effluent gases and then also subjected to thermal aging tests, tablet strength tests and hazard tests. The burning rate data of the pellets show a substantial increase in the burning rate and a decrease in the pressure exponent. The thermal aging, the resistance of the tablet and the results of the hazard tests show that the presence of copper or a copper compound catalyst does not damage the nominal properties for the family of the gas generators studied. The gas generation compositions are evaluated with the set of formulations established in the following. AN represents ammonium nitrate, GN represents guanidine nitrate; KP represents potassium perchlorate; KN represents potassium nitrate; PVA represents polyvinyl alcohol; and MB represents copper phthalocyanines. Copper phthalocyanines are added in both dry and aqueous gas generating compositions (ac) as indicated. The weight percent of each ingredient in the formulation is as indicated. The burn rates and the pressure exponent values are compared with Table I and the strength of the pellets and the durability are compared in Table II. (i) NOTE: The ratio of oxygen to fuel is adjusted to 0.95. In samples 892 and 893 the gas generating formulation is mixed after drying with a dry powder sample of Monarch Blue at the weight percentages indicated. The remaining samples are aqueous combinations of the gas generating components. TABLE 1
? xu? a? ¡¡?? ÍÉm
TABLE II
RESISTANCE AND DURABILITY OF THE PILLS
The data in Table II show that the inclusion of 2% to 5% of Monarch Blue in the formulation of
fc a ^ a ^^^^^^^ & i ^^^ baseline (GN / AN / KP / PVA) has no appreciable impact on tablet strength and durability. Figures 1 and 2 illustrate, in graphic form, the burn rate and the pressure exponent, respectively, of the gas generating compositions containing variable percentages of Monarch Blue. The formulations of the gas generating compositions depicted in Figures 1 and 2 contain ammonium nitrate, guanidine nitrate, potassium perchlorate, polyvinyl alcohol and Monarch Blue (AN / GN / KP / PVA / MB). The burn rate of 6.9 MPa (1000 psi) for Monarch Blue amounts in this formulation from 0% to 5.0% is shown in Figure 1. A 2% addition level of Monarch Blue demonstrates the highest burn rate at the study represented by figure 1. Figure 2 shows the effect of Monarch Blue on the pressure exponent of 1 to 2 ksi. The highest pressure exponent is obtained when the gas generating formulation does not contain Monarch Blue, while the addition levels of 1% to 5% of Monarch Blue to this formulation significantly decrease the pressure exponent. The pellet burn rate data has shown an increase in the burn rate of approximately 50%, while the pressure exponent has decreased by approximately 20%.
Figure 3 compares the effects of Monarch Blue 2% in a gas generating composition having the formulation AN / GN / KP / PVA / MB with a gas generating composition having the formulation AN / GN / KP / PVA. The above data clearly show the effectiveness of Monarch Blue in the eutectic mixture or the solid solution gas generating compositions tested. The dispersion of copper phthalocyanine (Monarch Blue) in a hot aqueous melt of the components of the gas generating composition produces more effective improvements in the ballistic properties and the combination of a dry powder of Monarch Blue with a powder of the formulation AN / GN / KP / PVA. This is evident from a comparison of the data in Table 1 for samples 892 and 893, which are derived from dry powder combinations, and samples 894 and 895, which are derived from hot aqueous melts. Table III establishes the increases in the rate of burning in a gas generating composition having the AN / GN / KP / PVA formulation with the addition of other copper compounds as catalysts. The formulations tested are all solid solutions.
^^^^ mmt mi mmm aá s ^? m TABLE III
(1) only the burn rate @ of 6.9 MPa (1000 psi) in relation to the baseline mixture AA-102B without the copper additive.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
The gas generating formulations of the present invention will find their primary utility in gas generating devices, such as those illustrated
in Figure 6 of U.S. Patent No. 5,726,382, which are used in connection with vehicle air voices and aircraft exhaust ramps. However, any application that requires the generation of a clean non-toxic gas will find the
improved gas generating composition. This may vary, for example, from the supply of gas for inflatable structures such as liferafts, life jackets and lifejackets to supply gas to a fire suppression apparatus and the like.
Claims (27)
1. A thermally stable, storage stable composition for generating a clean, non-toxic gas, substantially free of ash and solids with good combustion efficiency and operating pressure comprising ammonium nitrate, at least one highly oxygenated fuel, a stabilizing composition of phase which is selected from the group consisting of potassium nitrate or cesium, potassium perchlorate or cesium, an optimal binder and a catalyst which is selected from copper or a copper compound.
2. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the copper compound is a copper phthalocyanine compound.
3. The composition according to claim 2, characterized in that the composition includes up to 6% by weight of a selected copper phthalocyanine catalyst.
4. The composition according to claim 2, characterized in that the ratio of oxygen to fuel is in the range of 0.8 to 1.0.
5. The composition according to claim 2, characterized in that the highly oxygenated fuel comprises guanidine nitrate or aminoguanidine nitrate, or both, the phase stabilizing compound comprises potassium or cesium nitrate or perchlorate, the catalyst comprises up to 6% by weight of a selected copper phthalocyanine compound, and the composition further comprises a binder.
6. A stable, thermally stable storage composition for generating a clean, non-toxic gas, substantially free of ash and solids at optimum combustion efficiency and operating pressure, characterized in that it comprises a eutectic mixture or a solid solution forming mixture. ammonium nitrate, guanidine nitrate or aminoguanidine nitrate, or both, potassium or cesium nitrate or perchlorate, a polyvinyl alcohol binder and an effective amount of copper or copper compound catalyst.
7. The composition according to claim 6, characterized in that the copper compound is a copper phthalocyanine compound.
8. The composition according to claim 7, characterized in that the effective amount of the catalyst is 0.1% to 10% by weight of the composition.
9. The composition according to claim 8, characterized in that the effective amount of the catalyst is 1% to 5% by weight of the composition.
10. The composition according to claim 6, characterized in that the effective amount of the catalyst is 2% by weight of the composition.
11. The composition according to claim 7, characterized in that the effective amount of the catalyst is 2% by weight of the composition.
12. A method for simultaneously increasing the burn rate and decreasing the pressure exponent without adversely affecting other propellant properties in a composition to generate a clean, non-toxic gas, substantially free of ash and solids, to automatically inflate an inflatable structure, characterized in that comprises forming a eutectic mixture or solid solution of ammonium nitrate, guanidine nitrate or aminoguanidine nitrate, or both, potassium or cesium nitrate or perchlorate, a polyvinyl alcohol binder and adding an effective amount to the eutectic mixture or solid solution. of copper or a selected copper compound catalyst.
13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the copper compound is a copper phthalocyanine compound.
14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that 0.1% to 10% by weight of the selected copper phthalocyanine compound is added to the eutectic mixture or to the solid solution.
15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that 2% by weight of the copper phthalocyanine compound selected is added to the eutectic mixture or to the solid solution.
16. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that 5% by weight of the copper phthalocyanine compound selected is added to the eutectic mixture or to the solid solution.
17. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the selected copper phthalocyanine compound is added to an aqueous hot melt of the eutectic mixture or the solid solution.
18. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the selected copper phthalocyanine compound is added in the form of a dry powder to a dry powder of the eutectic mixtures.
19. The composition according to claim 6, characterized in that the copper compound is a tetrachlorocuprate ammonium compound.
20. The composition according to claim 6, characterized in that the copper compound is a chlorophyllin compound.
21. The composition according to claim 6, characterized in that the copper compound is a copper (II) acetate compound. ? tE * "3
22. The composition according to claim 6, characterized in that the copper compound is a copper (II) ethylhexanoate compound.
23. The composition according to claim 6, characterized in that the copper compound is a copper (II) formate compound.
24. The composition according to claim 6, characterized in that the copper compound is a copper (II) D-gluconate compound.
25. The composition according to claim 6, characterized in that the copper compound is a copper (II) nitrate compound.
26. The composition according to claim 6, characterized in that the copper compound is a copper (II) pyrazinecarboxylate compound.
27. The composition according to claim 6, characterized in that the copper compound is a copper (II) tungstate compound.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09130455 | 1998-08-07 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| MXPA01001398A true MXPA01001398A (en) | 2001-09-07 |
Family
ID=
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US5861571A (en) | Gas-generative composition consisting essentially of ammonium perchlorate plus a chlorine scavenger and an organic fuel | |
| KR100445302B1 (en) | Smoke-free method that produces non-toxic, colorless, odorless gas containing no particulates | |
| US6468369B1 (en) | Gas generating composition for air bag | |
| US20060219340A1 (en) | Gas generating system | |
| JP3814754B2 (en) | Firing mixture generating non-toxic gases based on ammonium perchlorate | |
| JPH09503194A (en) | Gas generating composition free of low residual azide compounds | |
| CA2013016C (en) | Gas generant compositions containing salts of 5-nitrobarbituric acid, salts of nitroorotic acid, or 5-nitrouracil | |
| US6136113A (en) | Gas generating composition | |
| JP4575395B2 (en) | Especially combustible gas generating compositions and ignition products for automobile safety devices | |
| US5854442A (en) | Gas generator compositions | |
| WO1998056736A1 (en) | Gas generating composition, device and method of use | |
| US6589375B2 (en) | Low solids gas generant having a low flame temperature | |
| US6156230A (en) | Metal oxide containing gas generating composition | |
| US5997666A (en) | GN, AGN and KP gas generator composition | |
| MXPA01001398A (en) | Improved gas generating composition | |
| KR100853877B1 (en) | Low ash gas generant and ignition compositions for vehicle occupant passive restraint systems | |
| US20070169863A1 (en) | Autoignition main gas generant | |
| KR100456135B1 (en) | Eutectic Compounds of Ammonium Nitrate, Guanidine Nitrate and Potassium Perchlorate | |
| WO1998054114A1 (en) | Gas-generative composition comprising aminoguanidine nitrate, potassium perchlorate and/or potassium nitrate and polyvinyl alcohol | |
| MXPA01001397A (en) | Metal oxide containing gas generating composition | |
| JP2006502067A (en) | Gas generating composition containing guanidine dinitroamide and expansion device utilizing the composition |