MXPA00006709A

MXPA00006709A - Fiber panel manufacturing method and apparatus.

Info

Publication number: MXPA00006709A
Application number: MXPA00006709A
Authority: MX
Inventors: Lorne D Hall
Original assignee: Enviro Board Corp
Priority date: 1998-01-07
Filing date: 1998-01-07
Publication date: 2002-09-18
Also published as: CN1299301A; KR20010033926A; BR9813723A; EP1053057A4; KR100543369B1; WO1999034925A1; JP2003517384A; CN1089040C; AU6647198A; EP1053057A1

Abstract

Apparatus and method for forming structural panel members from fiber crop material such as rice, straw and the like. The fiber crop material is bailed into circular or rectangular bails which bails are placed in a debailer/shredder (11). The fiber material is cut to a predetermined length and conveyed pneumatically to a rectangular slot between upper (111, 506) and lower platen members (110, 505). Paper is applied with glue to the upper and lower surfaces of the fiber and is folded up to cover the sides of the fiber. The glue is cured on a curing table (23) and the fiber is severed in a cutting section (24) into desired lengths.

Description

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF A FIBER PANEL INTRODUCTION This invention relates to a method and apparatus for the manufacture of a wall material and, more particularly, to the manufacture of wall components or panel members from the fiber material.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The use of fiber materials, such as fibrous waste products from agricultural materials, suitably straw, to make architectural materials or wall panels is known. Such techniques are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 4,451,322 (Dvorak) entitled .APARATO P.ARA FORM STRUCTURAL LEAVES OF BIOLOGICAL FIBROUS WASTE. This patent teaches the use of waste products, such as sugar cane residues and cereal grain crops. These products are compressed into panels, which can then be used for structural panels in construction activities. In the apparatus described in the reference 4,451,322, mentioned above, there are numerous disadvantages. For example, the straw material is introduced into the apparatus by means of a bale of hay outside a load elevator. The The straw is manually separated from the bale and a conveyor inserts the separated fibers into the ram, which produces the panel members by compression. The use of a conveyor does not improve the separation of fibers, since several fibers are grouped together as they are transported. This is disadvantageous, since it is convenient that the individual fibers are separated, as much as possible, before the introduction into the ram, in order to form a resistant panel. A further disadvantage with the apparatus illustrated and described in the patent 4,451,322 is the position of the rolls of paper, this paper is used to surround the panel, which is extruded with the ram. These rolls of paper are placed under the healing table, with the axes of rotation generally perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the healing table. This restricts the size of the rolls of paper to a non-standard size and requires the inconvenient placement of these rolls of paper under the conveyor, when the used rolls are removed and new rolls are installed. Yet another disadvantage of the apparatus of the 4,451,322 patent involves the use of electric heating plates to cure the envelope surrounding the panels. The reciprocal nature of the machine will shake and vibrate the electrodes used for electric heating plates, unless they are rigidly contained. Machine shaking can cause wire connection failures and damage to the electrode cover. Clamp or spring retainers are not successful. This is because access to the tightening of the clamps is restricted. These clamps are loosened and the springs lose tension due to the heating and cooling inherent in the operation of the machine. Still another disadvantage of the patent apparatus 4,451,322 lies in the design of the healing table, which requires it to be long in order to completely cure the envelope surrounding the panel. The healing table is often required to be transported from one site to another or be disassembled. The design of the cure table, in the patent 4,451,322 does not allow the disassembly and minimum transport space convenient to be occupied when the apparatus is transported. Still another disadvantage lies in the use of the ram, which compresses the fiber material in the panel member. The ram, according to the patent 4,451,322 is connected through a connecting rod to a rotary crank. There is no counterbalance to dynamically balance the crankshaft assembly. The resulting shakes cause failures in the components of the ram assembly frame. In addition, large and bulky base members are required in an attempt to stabilize the movement of the machine. Still another disadvantage refers to the set of shears, which cuts the fibers as the ram advances in the cutting opening. A flywheel, in the apparatus of the 4,451,322 patent, supplies the force of inertia. If a foreign object, such as a rock or other debris is found by the shears, a clutch on the flywheel releases the impulse action of the flywheel from the ram. This is intended to prevent damage to shears, ram and associated components. Due to the rotational speed of the crank assembly, however, the damage will have occurred before the clutch is decoupled. In addition, the movement of the heavy ram and crank assembly has a high kinetic energy, so damage can occur while decelerating, regardless of whether the clutch is engaged or not. Yet a further disadvantage of the apparatus of the 4,451,322 patent relates to the method used to adjust the space between the upper and lower plates, this space must be adjusted in order to regulate the proper density of the fiberboard. A coining and screwing apparatus is used to do this in the apparatus according to the patent 4,451,322. This mechanism is difficult to adjust properly and thus complicates unnecessarily. Still a further disadvantage of the apparatus of the 4,451,322 patent relates to the assembly of the rollers • 5 inside the ram carrier and the guide roller assembly. The rollers of the Dvorak apparatus are mounted in a type V bearing configuration. When the position of the rollers needs to be changed, the adjustment is complex and consumes time unnecessarily, since adjusting a roller will affect the position of the remaining rollers .

• COMPENDIUM OF THE. INVENTION In accordance with an aspect of the invention, an apparatus is provided for forming a panel from 15 fibrous material, which comprises an unpacker / shredder, this unpacker / shredder has a rotating cylinder, a plurality of adjustable blades at the bottom of the cylinder, to remove the fibers of a predetermined length from a bale placed in the 20 cylinder, while this cylinder is rotating, and a collector chamber located below the rotating cylinder to collect the fibers removed from the bale.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS Specific embodiments of the invention will now be described, only by way of example, with the use of the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure IA is a perspective view of the fiberboard and the manufacturing apparatus, according to the invention; Figures IB (a) to IB (e) are each, respectively, schematic and enlarged side views of the apparatus of Figure IA, taken consecutively from the loading end; Figures 2A and 2B are side and front views, schematic, respectively, of the pneumatic fiber conveyor and the vibrator used to distribute the fibers; Figures 3A and 3B are schematic plan and side views of the ram assembly according to the invention; Figure 4 is a plan view of the crank shaft assembly, which is used to drive the ram assembly of Figures 3A and 3B; Figure 5 is an enlarged view of the driving arm of the handle of the crank shaft assembly of Figure 4, which particularly illustrates the attached counterweight; Figure 6 is a schematic front view, partially in section, of the ram assembly of Figure 3, and particularly illustrating the rollers with the horizontal axes on which the assembly moves; Figure 7 is a further view of the ram assembly, similar to Figure 6, but illustrating the rollers with the vertical axes in which the assembly moves; Figure 8 is a schematic side view of the ram slot assembly, in which the head of the ram moves and partially illustrates the shears; Figures 9A, 9B and 9C are schematic views, taken at various elevations, illustrating the set of shears according to the invention; Figures 10A and 10B are views of the primary plates, in which the fibers are moved, and the adjustment of plates, according to the invention; Figure HA is a schematic isometric view of the assembly of the rolls of paper, the strip conveyance through and within the platen area and the adhesive or rubber applicator, according to the invention; Figure 11B is a schematic side view of the wave rectifier roller apparatus, according to the invention; Figures 12A and 12B are views of the wrapping of the paper applicator, which forms guides and the movement of the paper influenced by the guides, according to the invention; Figures 13A, 13B and 13C are side, plan and end views, respectively, of the cure table, according to the invention; Figures 14A, 14B and 14C are end, side and side views, respectively, of the cutting saw for supplying the dimensions, and the pulse clamping apparatus, illustrating the movement of the saw, during operation, in accordance with the invention; Figures 15A and 15B are schematic views of the load output station, particularly illustrating the transfer belts and output rollers; Figures 16A, 16B, 16C, 16D and 16E are views of the load output station, which particularly illustrates the final applications to the panel member. Figure 17 is an isometric view of a fiberboard, produced according to the invention; Figure 18 is an isometric view of the hot gas heating system of the stage, according to the invention; and Figure 19 is a view of the sawdust and dust collection and re-injection system, according to the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIFIC MODALITY Reference is now made to the drawings and, in particular, to Figure IA. The apparatus forming the panel, according to the invention, is generally illustrated at 10. It comprises several sections, that is, the unpacking / shredding section, generally illustrated at 11, in which the fibers are placed, a section of conveyor , generally illustrated at 12, which conveys the separated fibers from the unpacking / crushing section 11, the loading section illustrated generally at 13, which receives the transported fibers shredded from the conveyor section 12, the area 14 of the fiber panel of the ram slot, in which the fibers of the load section 13 are assembled and forced into the compaction area 15 and pressed into the panel configuration, the rubber application area, generally illustrated in FIG. , which applies gum to the wrapping paper and, next, the paper to the fibers, the area that forms the wrapping, usually illustrated at 21, which forms the envelope surrounding the material l of fibers, the paper loading section, generally illustrated at 22, which feeds the paper, from the rolls of paper, to the area 21 that forms the wrapper, the longitudinal cure table section, illustrated at 23, in which the gum and the paper surrounding the panel members, are cured, the saw section of dimension, usually illustrated at 24, which receives the panel members cured and cuts them to the desired length, and the finishing section, illustrated generally at 30, it receives the panels with the appropriate dimension and completely cured. Referring now to the right side area of the apparatus 10 forming the panel, and with reference to Figure IB (a), the unpacking / shredding section 11 includes an unpacker 31, which is commercially available, for cutting the bundle fibers , which has a circular or rectangular configuration, as is known. The bale (not shown) is placed in a rotating cylinder 32, which rotates about the vertical axis 33 and has a plurality of blades 34, which are of adjustable height and which allow the fibers of the bale to be cut relatively long or relatively short, as the cylinder 32 rotates. A chamber 40 is formed below the rotating cylinder 32 and a conveyor 41 receives the staple fibers from the chamber 40 and transports them to the loading section 13 (Figure IB (a). 41 is connected to an air pressure source, conveniently a centrifugal blower 42, which blows the fibers received from the chamber 40 into the loading section 13.

The loading section 13 includes a vibration distributor 43 (Figure 2A) which receives the blown fibers from the conduit 44 (Figure 2A) and moves them reciprocally through about 90 degrees (Figure 2B), as illustrated here, uniformly depositing these fibers in a battery of four helical screw conveyors or augers 50. Referring now to Figure 3, the ram assembly is shown in plan and is generally illustrated at 51. It includes a ram head 52, attached, at removable form, to the body 53 of ram. This ram head 52 has removable side plates 501, which can be removed or exchanged with different side plates to change the width of the panel being manufactured. The ram body 53 and the ram head 52 reciprocally move on roller rails 54, with the use of the rollers 60, 65. The rollers 60 rotate about axes 66 (Figure 6), these axes are generally parallel to the plane of movement of the ram body 53 on the roller rails 54. The rollers 65 rotate about axes 67 (Figure 7), which are generally transverse to the plane of movement of the ram body 53 on the roller rails 54. The ram body 53 is connected to the crank shaft assembly, generally illustrated at 61 (Figures 3B and 4). A connecting rod 62 is connected to the crank arm 63 and to the wrist base 64 of the ram body 53 (Figure 3B). The crank arm 63 has a counterweight attached, as also seen in Figure 5. Steering wheel 71 rotates on the outside of a cushion block 72 (Figure 4). The crank arm 63, the counterweight 70 and the connecting rod 62 rotate with the flywheel pulley 71 and the outer cushion block 73. The ram groove assembly is generally illustrated at 74 in Figures 3B and 8. This ram groove assembly 74 comprises three components, i.e. a lower plate 56, an upper plate 55 and the shears 81. The ram head 52 it moves reciprocally within the assembly 74 of the ram slot, with one further advanced position of the ram head 52 being shown at 80 (Figure 3B). The set of shears is generally illustrated at 81 and is shown in greater detail in Figures 9A, 9B and 9C. A shearing mechanism 83 comprises two articulations 90, 91, which allow relative movement between them about the axis 92. The articulation 91 is connected at the remote end of the shaft 92 to a pneumatic cylinder 93 on the axis 95. The articulation 90 is connected to the shears 82 on the shaft 94 and the shaft 92 is slightly offset if a line is drawn between the shafts 94, 95. A cam 100 is mounted and can rotate about the shaft 101. If a rock or other hard waste 102 is located by the shears 82, as the ram advances, the shears will be forced rearwardly pushing the joints 91, 92 against the retention force of the cylinder 93. As the articulation 91 moves backwards, the cam 100, which rotates around of the pin 101, forces the articulation 91 to rotate 5 clockwise, about the axis 95. This unlocks the stiffness about the center between the articulations 91, 92, thus allowing the axes 94, 95 to be closer together. It's closely. The shears 82, which pivot about the axis 84, are allowed to oscillate away from the obstruction 10 102 and are kept free by the upward movement of • Piston rod 104 of pneumatic cylinder 103. Cam 502, mounted on scissor arm 82, stops limit switch 503, which terminates the operation of the entire panel system 50, to prevent damage. When the rock After the 102 has been removed, the pneumatic cylinder 103 will act downwardly extending the piston 104 and returning the shears 82 to its operative position. The stage set is usually illustrated • in 15 in Figures 10A and 10B. It comprises a primary game 20 with an adjustable top plate 111 and a fixed bottom plate 110 (FIG. 10A). There is also a secondary set with an adjustable and hinged upper stage 506, and a fixed lower stage 505 (Figure 10A). The primary set forms the extruder unit, which is why 25 fibers from the water slit assembly 74 (Figure 3B) is compacted to form a dense panel. The width dimension of the fiberboard is determined by the sets 112 (Figure 10B). The side assemblies 112 consist of three components, a lower bar 507 fixed to the lower platen 110, an upper bar 508 fixed to the upper platen 111 and a closing sheet, in the form of a "T", 509, attached to the bar 508 and that rests against the inner faces of the bars 507, 508. Regardless of any adjustment made to the upper platen 111, the side assemblies 112 keep the sides enclosed so that the width of the fiberboard is uniform and smooth. If a narrower panel is desired, these side assemblies 112 are replaced with a different set of bars 509, 508, as may be desired. The density or compaction of the fiberboard is determined by the position and taper imposed on the upper platen 111. This is done by adjusting the locknuts on the set screws 504 (Figure 10A). Secondary platens 505, 506 (Figure 10A) receive fluff-coated paper from the gumming assembly 10 (Figure IB) and forms it in a wrap around the compacted fibers that advance. The paper enters the platens around the curved shoes 510 (Figure 10A). This paper is propelled by the advancing fibers. The upper platen 506 is pivoted about the shaft 511. It rotates upwardly by the pneumatic cylinder 511. This provides access for cleaning and inspection of the secondary platens. The apparatus that feeds the paper is generally illustrated at 114, Figures IB and HA. Separate paper systems are used to supply the paper for the wrapping of the panel member. The first paper coating 701 supplies the wrapping for the upper face of the fiberboard and the second paper coating 702 supplies the wrapping for the lower face of the panel. Only the second paper coating 702 will be described, since the operation of both coatings is similar. The first and second paper rolls 120, 121 are placed on the axes 122, 123, respectively, which can rotate in the supports 124, 124, respectively. The axes of rotation of the axes 122, 123 and thus the rolls of paper, 120, 121, are longitudinal or parallel to the longitudinal axis of the paper forming apparatus 10 (Figures IA and IB). Paper rolls 120, 121 are mounted to allow rolls of standard sizes to be used, thus reducing the costs involved in obtaining paper rolls of usual configuration. The paper 130 extends from the first paper roll 120, under the first guide roller 131, to a turning bar 132, which uses air to lubricate the paper 130, which passes under and then on the turning bar 132, where the direction of movement of the paper 130 rotates through a ninety (90) degree angle and passes over the applicator or roller 133 for manipulating the rubber applicator apparatus 140. The rubber from the rubber tray 513 is collected by a transfer roller 134, transferred to the handling roller 133 and from there, on paper 130. The paper 130 with the rubber applied to the lower surface 141 passes over a second guide roller 142 and around the wave rectifier roller 514, and from there upwards to the lower stage 505, where it makes contact with the fibers (not shown) compressed by the ram head 52 (Figure 3B), which moves between the platens 110, 111, 505, 506. The paper 130 forms the wrap for the fibers, as will be explained. The wave rectifier 514 consists of a roller 533 mounted on a crank arm assembly 534, which rotates about the axis 535. A pneumatic cylinder 536 is connected to the crank arm on the pin 537. The cylinder retains the external force on the roll 533. The crank arm moves back and forth with the paper shaking motion. If the flow of the paper 130 entering the roller 533 becomes restricted, the force of the cylinder 536 will be exceeded, allowing the crank arm to move to an overrun position 538, where the limit switch 539 is actuated. trip, thus ending the operation of the system. When the paper roll 1120 is almost completely unrolled and the paper end approaches, the guiding edge of the paper roll 121 joins thereto. This automatically feeds the paper 130 from the new roll 121 into the system. The tensioners 143 and 144 (Figure IB and Figure HA) can also be used in the paper loading apparatus 114. These tensioners 143, 144 maintain the paper web 150 at the correct tension. These tensioners are adjustable counterweight flotation devices, which impart a frictional drag to the movement of the paper, if required, so that no gaps are developed in the paper. The wave rectifier roller 514 is a cushioned air cylinder device that oscillates to give uniformity to the shaking motion in the paper 130, caused by the cycle of the ram 51. This helps to reduce the tear and rupture of the paper. The assembly 151 that forms the shell is generally illustrated in Figure IB and, on a larger scale and schematically, in Figures 12A and 12B. Two pieces of helical rods, 152, 153, are placed on each side at the top and bottom and the outside of the edges.

It also stops the system, before a break occurs (Figure 11B). The paper 130, which extends out of the width of the fiber panel 154, as illustrated in Figure 12B, makes contact with the helical bar 152. As the panel 154 moves in the direction of the arrow (Figure 12A), the paper 130 extends beyond the width of fiber panel 154 and is folded down (Figure 12B). Similarly, the paper 130 at the bottom of the panel 154 makes contact with the helical bar 153, which similarly bends the paper upwards (Figure 12B). A wrapping is formed on each side of the endless fiber panel 154. The heating electrodes 515 on the sides of the lower bending bars 153, accelerate the joining of the edges of the paper together and the edges of the fiber panel 154, before it leaves the enclosure of the envelope forming area 21 (Figure IB) . The plates 110, 111, 505, 506 are assembled with a hollow pulse chamber 522 to the outside of their contact plates 523. The inlet manifold 524 and the discharge openings 525 allow hot gases to enter to heat the plates 523. gases pass through the plenum and escape through the discharge openings 526 and out of the exhaust manifold 527 (Figures 10A, 10B). The heat provides the preliminary healing and bonding of the fiber sheath, before passing into section 23 of the healing table (Figure IB). The hot gases are conveniently provided by one of several sources, depending on whether they are available at the location of the installation. Water vapor, electricity, gas or oil burners are convenient sources, for example. A industrial-type gas-burning unit 528 is illustrated in Figure 18. A duct collector 529 brings the hot gases to the platens 110, 111, 505, 506. The return ducts 530 recycle the exhaust gases to the heating unit 528. A circulation fan 531 in the exhaust duct moves the gases through the system. The panel 154 enters the area of the healing table 160 (Figure 13A) where the gum and the paper surrounding the fibers of the panel 154 complete the bonding and cooling. Table 160 of healing is long, as seen in the Figure IB and is designed to be of a length that allows the paper and rubber in the panel to come together, depending on the speed of the panel on the healing table 160, which is determined by the reciprocal head speed. of ram. To assist the transport of the healing table, when the apparatus 10 forming the panel moves to a new location or is stored, the healing table 160 can be folded and can be separated into sections. A typical section 161 (Figure 13B) comprises two longitudinal channels, 162, 163 with a plurality of rollers 164, which support the panel 154 and allow it to advance on the upper part of the channels 162, 163, as seen in Figures 13A and 13B. Each section 161 is connected to adjacent sections by connected plates 170, which can be disconnected and the units 161 separated for transport or storage. A plurality of legs 171, a pair for each section 161, is connected to channels 62, 163 with a pair of pins 172, and extends downwardly for contact with foundation 173, on which the healing table is mounted . A leg clamp 174, one for each leg 171, extends diagonally downwardly from each anal 162 and connects with the leg 171 when the healing table 160 is in its operative position. The clamp 174 can similarly be removed from each leg 171, when attempting to disassemble and transport to the healing table 160. A diagonal brace 180 (Figure 13B) is connected between the two channels 162, 173, as illustrated. The clamps 181, 18 extend between the legs 171, as illustrated. They maintain their position when the legs 171 are folded in the transport position. Cutting or dimensioning saw 183 (Figures 14A and 14B) moves with the flow of panels, this flow is illustrated by "F" in Figure 14B. The cutting saw 183 moves in a frame 184, which travels under the influence of the fiber panel 154 and is assisted by a pneumatic cylinder 190 on the rollers 192 to match the flow of the fiber panels. The circular saw fl 191 moves transversely to the flow, as illustrated in 5 Figure 14A. This circular saw 191 is mounted on a trolley or trolley 193. This trolley 193 cuts the panel to the desired length with a pass through the panel, as illustrated in Figure 14A. When a single pass is completed, the saw assembly 184 of dimensions has been 10 moved to position 194 from position 193. When the next cut is made through the fibers, the carriage with saw 184 moves from its position 194 back to position 193, as illustrated in Figure 14A . Reference is now made to Figure 14C, where a The clamping system apparatus 516 is attached to the fiberboard 154 and mounted within the frame 184. A pneumatic cylinder 200 extends between the frame and an arm 201, which can be rotated about the axis 202. This arm 203 is ~ * connects to a clamp plate 204, which makes contact with 20 the panel. This frame 184, therefore, will be carried along with the panel until the press 204 is released after the cutting operation. With reference to the external power area 210 (Figure IB), a plurality of feed rollers 211 25, driven (Figures 15A and 15B) will separate the cut panel member 212 by being driven more quickly than the uncut panel 213, which is driven by the ram head 52 (Figure 3). Thus, the panel 212 will be separated from the uncut panel 213 and passed to a photoelectric sensor 214. The transfer band 220 will rise and move the panel 212 by ninety degrees and at right angles to the direction of the healing area, as illustrated in Figures 15A and 15B. This moves the dimension panel 212 out of the side to position 222 and out of the path of the panel 213 that enters from the dimension saw. The transfer band retracts after panel 212 has been cleared. The roller cover 211 is now free to receive the next panel 212 (Figure 15B). The elevation mechanism of the transfer band 220 operates in the following sequence (Figure 15B). When the fiber panel 212 passes the photoelectric sensor 214, it activates the pneumatic cylinder 216, which raises the end portion 215 of the transfer belt 220, by its pivot about the axis 221. The cylinder 216 acts through the handle 217 , which rotates about the axis 218 and connects the transfer belt through the link 219. When the fiber panel 212 reaches the position 222, the photoelectric sensor 532 passes which stops the band 220.

Reference is now made to the finishing area 30 (Figure IA), where the fiber panel is completed by enclosing the exposed ends with end caps 519, 520 prepared from paper (Figures 16A and 16B). When the transfer belt 220 begins its next cycle, the fiber panel 212 is transferred to the transfer belt 223, which operates continuou When passing through the photoelectric sensor 224, the beam stops 225 raise and stop the advancing panel. Stringer stops 225 (Figure 16C) consist of a set of bars 540 with end pieces 541 projecting upwards. The stringer stop rotates about the axis 542 and is connected to a pneumatic cylinder 543 through the crank arm 544. All the stringer stops are joined together and cylinders 543, 546, through a connecting rod 545. The action of the cylinders rotates the crank 544 about the axis 542, raising or lowering the stringer stop (Figure 16D). At position 233"low", panel 212 is supported by copper transfer band 223 and is free to advance with the band. In the intermediate position 234, with the cylinder 543 activated only, the end pieces project above the transfer band 223, stopping the next panel. Through the electrical sequence, the cylinder 546 is activated by raising the bars 540 of the beam stop to the full upper position 235 (Figure 16D) which hoists the panel by moving it from the band 223. This panel 212 is held in this position until the operator in the first end finishing station 227 desires its advance. When the operator releases the stringer stop 25, the fiberboard moves forward on the upper transfer chain 226 of the roof (Figure 16E). When the panel passes the photoelectric sensor 232, the beam stop 228 is activated to its intermediate position with the end stop parts 541, which project upstream of the transfer chain 226. This stops the fiberboard and precisely grades it. in the first end cap station 227. The spar stop is rotated to its full upper position 235 and the operator applies the first end cap 519. The end caps 518, 520 are pre-cut and the notched paper is treated with adhesive that hardens by heat (Figure 16B). The operator arranges the paper on the end of the fiberboard and adjusts it with a hot iron. The beam stops 228 are then released, allowing the fiber panel to advance to the second end finishing station 229. The panel passes the photoelectric sensor 233, which activates the lifting of the roller cover rollers with flanges or transfer rollers 230. This raises the roller cover 230 to its intermediate position, with the flanges 236 projecting above the chains 226 of transfer (Figure 16E). This stops and graduates the fiber board 212 for the second end finishing station 229. Reference is made to the vacuum system 29 (Figure 19). The sawdust from the cutting saw 191 is collected by a sawdust picker 801, above the saw and the picker 802 of the saw cut, below the saw. This is sucked into the line of pipe 803 by the vacuum generated by the blower 808. Removable end caps 804 are provided, so that the waste that accumulates around the machinery can be cleaned and disposed in a vacuum system. To neutralize the air pressure in the feeder 13, generated by the blower 42 of the unpacker / dumper, a negative pressure line 807 supplies the pipe between the feeder and the blower 808. The degree of negative pressure is controlled by the aperture set by the gate 806 of the negative pressure regulator, and the free air cover and the opening plate 805. The blower 809 extracts the collected particles in a stream of air through pipe 809 in the dust collector 810. The dust collector 810 centrifugally separates the particulate matter from the transported air, allowing air to escape through the extraction opening 813, while the dust particles settle to the bottom. The powder is discharged through the air lock 811 and down into the discharge pipe 8112 where it is recycled to the unpacking cylinder 32. Through the electric sequence, the cover 230 of the transfer roller is raised to its full upper position, hoisting the panel out of the transfer chain 226 and moving the panel to the end in a stop buffer 231 in a second end finishing station. Upon contact with the shock absorber, the roller cover 230 stops, the operator applies the second end cap 520, as was done with the first end finishing station 227. The operator will lower the roller cover 230, which allows the transfer chain to bring the finished panel 521 to the stop bars 547 at the end of the finishing line. The finished panel 521 is removed for stacking in the warehouse or is prepared for transport. A finished panel (only one length) is illustrated in Figure 17. OPERATION During the operation, the straw or other fibers of vintage type, will be packed in round or rectangular bales, as is known. The individual bale (not shown) is introduced to the unpacker 31 (Figure 10), where it rotates inside the rotary cylinder 32. The cutting blades 34 can be adjusted and can cut the fibers into shorter or longer lengths, as desired, as this cylinder rotates 32. The pieces of fibers fall into the chamber 40 and are conveyed by the air pressure up to the conveyor conduit 44 (Figures IB and 2A) to the vibrator 43 (Figure 2B), where they are evenly distributed in four bits 50 , which regulate the flow of the fiber material, forcing it into the chamber 57 in the upper part of the head 52 of the ram. This head 52 moves reciprocally within the groove formed by the shears 81 and the lower platen 55 and applies pressure to the fibers, which are pushed alternately forward, between the groove formed by the upper and lower plates, 55, 56. Each movement of return of the head of ram 52 will allow more fibers from the chamber 57 to enter the slot forward of the ram 52, whereby it will be forced between the shears 81 and the plate 55 above and the plate 56 down, and then into the space between the plates 110, 111. The platens 110, 111, are adjusted to thereby cause the advancing resistance of the fibers to be formed into a compact, densely packed fiberboard 154. As the fibers proceed through the platens, 505, 506, the paper from the lower paper rollers, 124, 125, will pass through the rubber applicator roll 133 and make contact with the panel (Figure IB) on the upper surface and in the background. The paper extends widthwise by a distance greater than the width of the panel, it will be turned downward and upward by the action of the helical bar pieces 152, 153 (Figure 12A) in the area forming the sheath 21 (Figure IB). ). The panel proceeds to the cure table 160 (Figure 13A), which is of a sufficient length to allow the paper and the rubber to adhere and thus, the panel enters the section 24 of the dimension saw, where it is cut to its desired length, through the action of this saw 191, the frame 184 and the carriage assembly 193 (Figure 14A) as described. The panel member 212 then travels to the external loading area 210 (Figure IB) where the ends of the envelope surrounding the panel 212 are closed by adhering the paper end caps, 519, 520, also as described. The panel is ready for transport or for other operations, as desired (Figure 16A). While specific embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art to which this invention relates will be able to make many modifications. Therefore, the description should be considered as illustrative of the invention, only, and not as limiting its scope, as defined in accordance with the appended claims.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. Apparatus for forming a panel from a fibrous material, this apparatus comprises an unpacker / shredder, which has a rotating cylinder, a plurality of adjustable blades at the bottom of the cylinder, to remove the fibers of a predetermined length from a bale placed in the cylinder, while this cylinder is rotating, and a collector chamber, located under the rotating cylinder, to collect the fibers removed from the bale. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the fibers are transported to a fiber distribution section by means of a pneumatic conveyor. 3. Apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the fibers are distributed from the fiber distribution section by a reciprocal channel, which distributes the fibers in a plurality of augers. 4. Apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the plurality of augers compress the fibers within a chamber, placed below these augers. Apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the fibers inside the chamber are compressed in a panel, generally rectangular, between members of plates. Apparatus according to claim 5, in which the fibers are compressed by a reciprocating ram, this ram is connected to a stroke of the rotary crank, this crank stroke includes a counterweight placed on the crank, the ram moves between a extended position, • where the fibers are compressed and moved within the area, 5 between the plate members, and a retracted position, where the ram is removed from this area, between the plate members. 7. Apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the camera further includes a cutting member, this member of The cut can be operated to separate the fibers in the chamber, adjacent to the entrance to the platen members. 8. Apparatus, according to claim 5, wherein the stage members are located at a predetermined distance, this distance can be adjusted by 15 screws, operably connected to each end of a top plate. 9. Apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the cutting member is rotatable about an axis, this cutting member includes a second hinge arm, 20 operably connected between the cutting member and a second axis, this hinge arm can be folded when a predetermined force is exceeded by the fibers in the cutting member. 10. Apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising at least one paper roll, mounted adjacent to the stage members, with the axis of the paper roll being transverse to the longitudinal axis of the area between the stage members. 11. Apparatus, according to claim 10, which • 5 also includes a rubber applicator, to apply rubber to the paper supplied from the rolls of paper, this paper with the applied rubber makes contact with the fibers on the top and bottom surfaces and extends beyond the width of both sides of the paper. panel member. 12. Apparatus, according to claim 11, which • It also includes helical bars for contact with the paper, which extends beyond the width of the fibers, inside the plate members, these helical bars act to fold the paper in contact with the fibers on 15 the opposite sides of the fibers, which move within the platinum members. 13. Apparatus according to claim 12, which further comprises a cure table, this table has • at least one set of legs, extending towards 20 below, to provide support for the table, this leg can be retracted relative to the healing table. 14. Apparatus according to claim 13, further comprising a cutting section, beyond the curing table, this cutting section includes a saw for By cutting the fibers, this saw moves transversely to the fibers and longitudinally relative to the fibers, the longitudinal speed during the cutting operation is substantially identical to the speed of the fibers. 15. Apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the cutting saw cuts the fibers transversely in a direction between an origin position, on a first side of the fibers, and an end position, on the other side of the fibers. fibers. 16. Apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the cutting saw cuts the fibers transversely in a ^ second direction, between the end position, on the other side of the fibers, and a position of origin on the first side of the fibers. 17. Apparatus according to claim 16, further including an external loading table, mounted adjacent to the end of the cutting section, this external loading table includes a plurality of driven rollers and a transfer table, which has multiple bands. mounted • operably transversely relative to the plurality of rollers, this transfer belt cycles vertically relative to the roller cover.