LU501487B1

LU501487B1 - Modification method for quickly improving soil organic matters in saline-sodic paddy field

Info

Publication number: LU501487B1
Application number: LU501487A
Authority: LU
Inventors: Lu Zhang; Lihua Huang
Original assignee: Northeast Inst Geo & Agroecolo
Priority date: 2022-02-16
Filing date: 2022-02-16
Publication date: 2022-08-16

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a modification method for quickly improving soil organic matters in a saline-sodic paddy field, which relates to a method for improving the soil organic matters in the saline-sodic paddy field.

Description

MODIFICATION METHOD FOR QUICKLY IMPROVING SOIL ORGANIC ~~ LV501487 MATTERS IN SALINE-SODIC PADDY FIELD

TECHNICAL FIELD

[01] The present disclosure relates to a modification method for quickly improving soil organic matters in a saline-sodic paddy field.

BACKGROUND ART

[02] The conventional methods for quickly improving the organic matters in soil include planting green manure crops, returning straws to the field, and increasing the application of organic fertilizers, which are difficult to cultivate rice in the saline-sodic land due to the salinity in the soil, climatic conditions, and shortage of organic fertilizers. Combined with the soil improvement, a material with high organic matter content is selected to integrate soil improvement with the fertility improvement, which is conducive to the rapid saline and alkaline leaching and the soil fertility improvement. It is of great significance to the rapid governance of the saline-sodic soil and the increase of rice yield.

SUMMARY

[03] The present disclosure provides a modification method for improving soil organic matters in a saline-sodic paddy field to rapidly increase the fertility, to solve the problems that the saline-sodic soil has low organic matter content, poor fertilizer-retaining performance, difficulty in increasing the rice yield, serious loss of the chemical fertilizers after application, and potential environmental pollution risks.

[04] The modification method for quickly improving the soil organic matters in the saline-sodic paddy field is achieved by the following steps:

[05] (1) using municipal domestic sludge and livestock manure as organic materials, and performing a harmless treatment to obtain harmless organic materials; fully mixing the harmless organic materials with a calcium ion displacement agent, and then drying and granulating to obtain a modifier;

[06] (2) applying the modifier evenly on a paddy field leveled with a dosage of 30-45 tons per hectare of the paddy field, plowing a surface soil of the paddy field with a thickness of 10-15 cm via a rotary tiller to mix with the modifier, and then irrigating the paddy field with a depth of 5-8 cm; harrowing the paddy field to stir evenly via a cultivator, and then precipitating and draining, and simultaneously irrigating for saline and alkaline leaching repeatedly; leaving water with the depth less than 5 cm in the paddy field, and naturally precipitating to obtain the paddy field modified by the saline and alkaline leaching; and

[07] (3) applying fertilizers and performing field management to the paddy field modified by the saline and alkaline leaching according to a conventional farming method, then transplanting rice seedlings, and changing water 3-4 times a month for saline and alkaline drainage during the rice seedlings growth period, to improve the soil organic matters in the saline-sodic paddy field.

[08] The modification method for quickly improving the soil organic matters in the 1 saline-sodic paddy field of the present disclosure has the following beneficial effects: LU501487

[09] 1. Considering the soil salinization damage and poor soil fertility, the modification method is capable of realizing the saline and alkaline leaching and the fertility improvement simultaneously. The soil is quickly desalinated, and the organic matter content is rapidly increased by 25% to 28%, as well as the soil fertility is greatly improved.

[10] 2. The paddy field can be used to plant in the same year of modification. The rice yield can be increased by 20% to 25%, and the dosage of the chemical fertilizers can be reduced by 10% to 15%. The cost saving, fertility enhancement, and green and sustainable development in the agriculture are achieved.

[11] 3. The characteristics of soil salinity and fertility are fully considered to quickly foster a healthy and fertile paddy field. At the same time, the local resources are fully utilized to turn waste into treasure, which improves the soil productivity and resource utilization efficiency.

[12] 4. The potential pollution risk caused by the large-scale application of chemical fertilizers to the environment and food production is effectively avoided.

[13] 5. The modification method has strong operability and low cost, capable of significantly increasing the yield. The modification method has important application value for the governance of the saline-sodic land and the economic development of rice cultivation.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[14] FIG. 1 is a comparison diagram of the growth of potted rice seedlings in a saline-sodic soil modified in Example 1;

[15] FIG. 2 is a histogram of changes of the potted rice seedlings in the saline-sodic soil modified in Example 1, wherein, X represents one week, and Y represents two weeks; and

[16] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the growth of rice in a saline-sodic paddy field modified in Example 2.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[17] Specific implementation 1: The modification method for quickly improving the soil organic matters in the saline-sodic paddy field is implemented by the following steps:

[18] (1) using municipal domestic sludge and livestock manure as the organic materials, and performing the harmless treatment to obtain the harmless organic materials, fully mixing the harmless organic materials with the calcium ion displacement agent, and then drying and granulating to obtain the modifier;

[19] (2) applying the modifier evenly on the paddy field leveled with a dosage of 30-45 tons per hectare of the paddy field, plowing the surface soil of the paddy field with a thickness of 10-15 cm via the rotary tiller to mix with the modifier, and then irrigating the paddy field with a depth of 5-8 cm; harrowing the paddy field to stir evenly via the cultivator, and then precipitating and draining, and simultaneously irrigating for saline and alkaline leaching repeatedly; leaving water with the depth less 2 than 5 cm in the paddy field, and naturally precipitating to obtain the paddy field LUS01487 modified by the saline and alkaline leaching; and

[20] (3) applying fertilizers and performing the field management to the paddy field modified by the saline and alkaline leaching according to the conventional farming method, then transplanting rice seedlings, and changing water 3-4 times a month for saline and alkaline drainage during the rice seedlings growth period, to improve the soil organic matters in the saline-sodic paddy field.

[21] Specific implementation 2: The difference between this specific implementation and the specific implementation 1 is that the harmless treatment described in the step (1) is a high-temperature sterilization treatment. The other steps and parameters are the same as those in the specific implementation 1.

[22] Specific implementation 3: The difference between this specific implementation and the specific implementation 1 or 2 is that the mass content of organic matters in the harmless organic materials in the step (1) is 25%-30%. The other steps and parameters are the same as those in the specific implementation 1 or 2.

[23] Specific implementation 4: The difference between this specific implementation and one of the specific implementations 1-3 is that the calcium ion displacement agent described in the step (1) is phosphogypsum. The other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the specific implementations 1-3.

[24] The mass percentage of the main component CaSO4 : 2H:0 in phosphogypsum as the calcium ion displacement agent in this specific implementation is > 85%, and the remaining components mainly include moisture with content equal to or less than 10%, calcium and magnesium phosphate or sulfate, water-soluble P2Os, insoluble P,Os, SiO», and the like.

[25] Specific implementation 5: The difference between this specific implementation and one of the specific implementations 1-4 is that the mass ratio of the harmless organic materials to the calcium ion displacement agent in the step (1) is 10-20 : 1-2. The other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the specific implementations 1-4.

[26] Specific implementation 6: The difference between this specific implementation and one of the specific implementations 1-5 is that the particle size of the modifier described in the step (1) is 100 um to 300 um. The other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the specific implementations 1-5.

[27] | Specific implementation 7: The difference between this specific implementation and one of the specific implementations 1-6 is that the surface soil with a thickness of 12-15 cm is plowed to mix with the modifier in the step (2) via the rotary tiller. The other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the specific implementations 1-6.

[28] Specific implementation 8: The difference between this specific implementation and one of the specific implementations 1-7 is that the paddy field is irrigated with a depth of 6-7 cm in the step (2). The other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the specific implementations 1-7.

[29] Specific implementation 9: The difference between this specific implementation and one of the specific implementations 1-8 is that in the step (2), the paddy field is 3 irrigated for leaching saline and alkaline 2-3 times. The other steps and parameters are LU501487 the same as those in one of the specific implementations 1-8.

[30] Specific implementation 10: The difference between this specific implementation and one of the specific implementations 1-9 is that in the step (2), the depth of water in the paddy field is 3-4 cm. The other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the specific implementations 1-9.

[31] Specific implementation 11: The difference between this specific implementation and one of the specific implementations 1-10 is that in the step (2), the rice seedlings are transplanted in the paddy field. The other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the specific implementations 1-10.

[32] Example 1

[33] The modification method for quickly improving the soil organic matters in the saline-sodic paddy field is implemented by the following steps:

[34] The potted rice test is adopted: The saline-sodic soil used in this test is taken from the saline-sodic paddy field of the Da'an Sodic Land Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences (located in Da'an, Jilin Province). The collected soil is thoroughly mixed, and then impurities, such as stones and deadwoods, in the collected soil is removed. Then, 5 kg of the saline-sodic soil is fully mixed with the modifier by stirring to put into the pot and stand for 3 days after settling. The rice seeds soaked for 24 h is germinated to show embryo and sown in pots with the density of 30 seeds/pot. The surface of the saline-sodic soil is soaked with 1-2 cm of water, and covered with the film. The film is removed until the rice seedlings grow 3-5 cm, and regular water supply is provided every day to keep the water depth at 5 cm. The saline-sodic soil without applying the modifier (A) as the control, and experimental groups with single application of the same amount of the calcium ion displacement agent (D), 2 times of the calcium ion displacement agent (E), the half amount of the modifier (B) and the optimized amount of the modifier (C) are set up to compare, to ensure the consistency of rice varieties and subsequent cultivation management.

[35] The calcium ion displacement agent described in this example is phosphogypsum, a by-product of the phosphate fertilizer industry, with the mass percentage of its main component CaSO4 - 2H>O equal to or higher than 85%. The calcium ion displacement agent in this example is provided by Liaoning Xiyang Special Fertilizer Co., Ltd.

[36] In the experimental groups with single application of the same amount of the calcium ion displacement agent and 2 times of the calcium ion displacement agent in this example, the calcium ion displacement agent is added with 100 g and 200 g, respectively. In the experimental groups with applying the half amount of the modifier and the optimized amount of the modifier, the mass of the organic materials and the calcium ion displacement agent is 1000 g and 100 g, and 2000 g and 100 g, respectively.

[37] The modification effects are as follows: The potted rice seeds are sprouted under 5 treatments, as shown in FIG 1. From left to right in FIG. 1, there are the experimental group without applying the modifier, and the experimental groups with applying the half amount of the modifier and the optimized amount of the modifier, with single application of the same amount of the calcium ion displacement agent and 2 4 times of the calcium ion displacement agent. However, after 2 weeks of growth, except LUS01487 the experimental group with applying the optimized amount (recommended amount) of the modifier, all rice seedlings in the other experimental groups are wilted and died, and the rice seedlings in the experimental group with applying the recommended amount of the modifier grow well. The soil analysis shows that for the unmodified saline-sodic soil, the pH value is 9.4, the salt conductivity is 1.56 mS/cm, and the organic matter content is 12.4 g/kg; for the saline-sodic soil modified by the modifier of the present disclosure, the pH value is 7.9 which is decreased by 1.5, the electrical conductivity is 1.01 mS/cm, the salinity is reduced by 35.3%, and the organic matter content is 15.6 g/kg which is increased by 25.8%. The soil improvement and fertility improvement are significant. From the perspective of the growth of rice seedlings, the rice plant height is significantly increased after using the recommended amount of the modifier of the present disclosure compared with other treatments (FIG. 2).

[38] Example 2

[39] The modification method for quickly improving the soil organic matters in the saline-sodic paddy field is implemented by the following steps:

[40] (1) The field test was conducted in the saline-sodic paddy field in Da'an City, Jilin Province in 2016. The municipal domestic sludge and livestock manure are used as the organic materials, and performed the harmless treatment to obtain the harmless organic materials. The harmless organic materials are fully mixed with the calcium ion displacement agent, and then dried and granulated to obtain the modifier.

[41] (2) The modifier is applied evenly on the paddy field leveled with the dosage of 45 tons per hectare of the paddy field, and the surface soil of the paddy field is plowed with the thickness of 15 cm via the rotary tiller to mix with the modifier. Then, the paddy field is irrigated with the depth of 8 cm, and harrowed to stir evenly via the cultivator. The precipitation and drainage are performed. At the same time, the paddy field is irrigated for leaching saline and alkaline 4 times. Then, the water with the depth of 4 cm is left in the paddy field to naturally precipitate, to obtain the paddy field modified by the saline and alkaline leaching.

[42] (3) The fertilizers and field management are performed to the paddy field modified by the saline and alkaline leaching according to the conventional farming method, and then the rice seedlings are transplanted to the paddy field. The water is changed for 3-4 times a month for saline and alkaline drainage during the rice seedlings growth period, to improve the soil organic matters in the saline-sodic paddy field.

[43] In the step (3) of this example, 150 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizer (pure nitrogen), 70 kg/ha of phosphate fertilizer (P2Os), and 70 kg/ha potassium fertilizer (K2O) are applied.

[44] The rice in the saline-sodic paddy field modified in this example grow well, and the rice yield reaches 5.4 tons/ha, which is increased by 23.6% compared with the unmodified paddy field. Thus, the increase of the yield is significant.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS: LUS01487

1. A modification method for quickly improving soil organic matters in a saline-sodic paddy field, wherein, the modification method is achieved by the following steps: (1) using municipal domestic sludge and livestock manure as organic materials, and performing a harmless treatment to obtain harmless organic materials; fully mixing the harmless organic materials with a calcium ion displacement agent, and then drying and granulating to obtain a modifier; (2) applying the modifier evenly on a paddy field leveled with a dosage of 30-45 tons per hectare of the paddy field, plowing a surface soil of the paddy field with a thickness of 10-15 cm via a rotary tiller to mix with the modifier, and then irrigating the paddy field with a depth of 5-8 cm; harrowing the paddy field to stir evenly via a cultivator, and then precipitating and draining, and simultaneously irrigating for saline and alkaline leaching repeatedly; leaving water with the depth less than 5 cm in the paddy field, and naturally precipitating to obtain the paddy field modified by the saline and alkaline leaching; and (3) applying fertilizers and performing field management to the paddy field modified by the saline and alkaline leaching according to a conventional farming method, then transplanting rice seedlings, and changing water 3-4 times a month for saline and alkaline drainage during the rice seedlings growth period, to improve the soil organic matters in the saline-sodic paddy field.

2. The modification method for quickly improving the soil organic matters in the saline-sodic paddy field according to claim 1, wherein, the harmless treatment in the step (1) is a high-temperature sterilization treatment.

3. The modification method for quickly improving the soil organic matters in the saline-sodic paddy field according to claim 1, wherein, a mass fraction of the organic matters in the harmless organic materials in the step (1) is 25%-30%.

4. The modification method for quickly improving the soil organic matters in the saline-sodic paddy field according to claim 1, wherein, the calcium ion displacement agent in the step (1) is phosphogypsum.

5. The modification method for quickly improving the soil organic matters in the saline-sodic paddy field according to claim 1, wherein, a mass ratio of the harmless organic materials to the calcium ion displacement agent in the step (1) is 10-20 : 1-2.

1