KR900001855B1 - Process for preparing cephalexin for using fixed gene cloning bacteria - Google Patents

Process for preparing cephalexin for using fixed gene cloning bacteria Download PDF

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KR900001855B1
KR900001855B1 KR1019870006712A KR870006712A KR900001855B1 KR 900001855 B1 KR900001855 B1 KR 900001855B1 KR 1019870006712 A KR1019870006712 A KR 1019870006712A KR 870006712 A KR870006712 A KR 870006712A KR 900001855 B1 KR900001855 B1 KR 900001855B1
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cephalexin
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안범종
유욱준
한승호
황영
경연승
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한국화약 주식회사
권혁중
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Abstract

A process for prepg. cephalexin and 6-aminopenicillic acid (6-APA) comprises (a) culturing clone bacteria (having cephalexin and aminopenicillic acid prodn. capacity, KFC (1081) in sterilized media (consisting of bactotripton 1%, yeast extract 0.5%, NaCl 1% and phenyl acetate 0.1%, PH 7.5)for 1-2 day at 25-35 deg. C; (b) centrifuging and suspending into phosphate buffer soln.; (c) fixing to calcium alginate; and (d) reacting with 7- aminodesacethoxycephalosporanic acid and phenyl glycine methyl ester or penicilline G.

Description

고정화된 유전자 재조합 균주를 이용한 세팔렉신의 제조방법Method for producing cephalexin using immobilized genetic recombinant strain

본 발명은 고정화 균체를 이용한 세팔렉신(Cephalexin) 및 6-아미노페니실란산(6-APA)제조방법에 관한 것으로 공지의 방법과는 달리 유전자 조작 등에 의해 세팔렉신 합성 능력 및 페니실린 G분해능력을 가진 효소를 생산하는 유전자 재조합 균주(1987년 6월 22일자로 한국종균협회에 수탁번호 KFCC-10381로 기탁)를 고정화하고, 이것을 이용하여 7-아미노데스 아세톡시 세팔로스포란산(7-ADCA)과 페닐글리신 메틸에스테르로부터 세팔렉신을 제조하는 방법과 페니실린 G 로부터 6-아미노페니실린산을 제조하는 방법에 관한 것이다.종래에는 효소를 이용하는 방법으로 미생물 균체를 직접 사용하거나 수용성 효소 또는 고정화 효소를 사용하여 세팔렉신과 6-아미노페니실란산을 제조하였으나 미생물 균체를 직접 사용하는 경우에는 온도 및 pH에 대한 안정성이 매우 나빠서 안정을 유지하기 위해서는 낮은 온도에서 반응을 수행해야하므로 최종 수율이 낮으며 또한 장시간 운전하는데 어려움이 있게 된다. 또한 수용성 효소 사용시에는 반복 사용, 장기보관 , 효소활성 유지, 반응기 응용면에서 어려움이 있다.The present invention relates to a method for producing cephalexin (Cephalexin) and 6-aminophenicylanic acid (6-APA) using an immobilized cell, and unlike the known method, it has the ability to synthesize cephalexin and penicillin G by genetic manipulation. Enzyme-producing recombinant strains (deposited with Accession No. KFCC-10381 on June 22, 1987 to the Korean spawn association) were used to fix 7-aminodes acetoxy cephalosporonic acid (7-ADCA). And a method for producing cephalexin from phenylglycine methyl ester and a method for producing 6-aminophenicylic acid from penicillin G. Conventionally, enzymes are used to directly use microbial cells or to use water-soluble enzymes or immobilized enzymes. Although cephalexin and 6-aminophenicylanic acid were prepared, when using microbial cells directly, stability against temperature and pH was very high. In order to maintain a stable standing must carry out the reaction at lower temperatures also because it is so difficult to drive a long time was the final yield is low. In addition, water-soluble enzymes have difficulties in repeated use, long-term storage, enzyme activity maintenance, and reactor application.

대한민국 특허 공보 제76-263, 81-48 및 83-1262호에 서술된 , 효소를 고정화하는 방법은 균체에서 효소를 분리하여야 하므로 균체를 파괴하는데 물리적인 힘의 사용이 요구되며 효소를 정제하는 과정에서 전체적인 효소 역가의 약 50∼70%가 손실되며, 효소 정제 공정에 많은 비용과 시간이 소요되는 등의 단점으로 인하여 산업적으로 실용적이지 못하다.The method of immobilizing the enzymes described in Korean Patent Publication Nos. 76-263, 81-48 and 83-1262 requires separation of the enzymes from the cells, which requires the use of physical force to destroy the cells. The loss of about 50-70% of the total enzyme titer in the process is not industrially viable due to the disadvantages such as the cost and time required for the enzyme purification process.

한편 현재 대한민국 특허 공보 제86-698 및 86-699호에 서술된 방법인 에스케리키아 콜리 ATCC 11105로부터 유전자 조작된 재조합 미생물 균주 KFCC-84-3를 사용했을 경우에는 반응 기질이 페니실린 G로 한정되어 산업적으로 이용시 타 생산품목으로의 전환생산이 불가능하다는 단점을 갖고 있다.On the other hand, when using the recombinant microorganism strain KFCC-84-3 genetically engineered from Escherichia coli ATCC 11105, which is the method described in Korean Patent Publication Nos. 86-698 and 86-699, the reaction substrate is limited to penicillin G. When used industrially, there is a disadvantage that it is impossible to convert production to other products.

본 발명은 상기한 종래의 결점을 해결하고 바실러스 메가테리움 균체를 직접 칼슘 알지네이트에 고정화했을 경우 균주로부터 효소가 외부로 분비되어 고정화된 균체로부터 효소의 상당량이 반응 중 유실되는 단점을 극복하고자, 세팔렉신 및 6-아미노페니실란산 합성 효소를 생산하는 바실러스 메가테리움 균체로부터 동 효소의 유전자를 분리하고 동 유전자를 효소를 체외로 분비하지 않는 에스케리키아 콜리 HB 101에 삽입시켜 얻은 재조합 균주(KFCC-10381)를 배양함으로써 별도로 효소를 분리, 정제하지 않고 미생물 세포 자체를 고정화 지지체인 칼슘 알지네이트에 고정화시킨 후 이 고정화 균체를 이용하여 공지방법에서와 같이 회분법이나 연속방법으로 세팔렉신과 6-아미노페니실란산을 제조한 결과 비교적 광범위한 pH조건과 온도 조건에서 반응이 가능하였고, 80~95%의 수율을 얻었으며, 고정화 균체는 안정성이 높아 20번 이상 재사용하여도 고정화 균체의 효소 활성도가 유지되었다.The present invention solves the above-mentioned drawbacks and when the Bacillus megaterium cells are directly immobilized on calcium alginate, the enzyme is secreted to the outside to overcome the disadvantage that a significant amount of the enzyme is lost during the reaction from the immobilized cells, Cefal Recombinant strain (KFCC) obtained by separating a gene of the enzyme from Bacillus megaterium cells producing lexin and 6-aminophenicylanic acid synthase and inserting the gene into Escherichia coli HB 101 which does not secrete the enzyme in vitro. -10381) by culturing the microbial cells themselves to calcium alginate as an immobilization support without separating and purifying enzymes separately, and then using the immobilized cells as cephalexin and 6-amino in a batch or continuous manner as in the known method. The production of peniclanic acid showed that the reaction was not possible at relatively wide pH and temperature conditions. It was possible to obtain a yield of 80 ~ 95%, the immobilized cells have a high stability, the enzyme activity of the immobilized cells was maintained even if reused more than 20 times.

본 발명의 방법을 좀 더 구체적으로 설명하면, 우선 세팔렉신 및 6-아미노페니실란산 합성 능력을 지닌 효소를 생산하는 재조합 균주를 박토트립톤 1%, 효모엑기스 0.5%, 염화나트륨 1% 및 페닐아세트산 0.1%(pH7.5)를 함유하는 멸균된 액체 배지에서 25℃∼35℃로 1∼2일간 진탕 배양한 뒤 동 효소를 생산하는 균주를 원심분리하여 수확하고 수확된 균체를 인산 완충용액에 현탁시킨다. 인산 완충용액에 현탁된 미생물 균체는 칼슘 알지네이트에 고정화시킨다. 균체의 고정화 작업은 다음과 같이 수행하였다. 소듐 알지네이트를 인산 완충용액에 잘 녹여 동량의 미생물 균체 현탁액과 잘 섞은 후 혼합액을 바늘직경이 1mm인 주사기를 사용하여 염화칼슘용액에 적하하여 직경 500∼3,000마이크로미터인 구슬 모양의 고정화 균체를 얻는다. 균체의 고정화는 현미경을 통해서 확인할 수 있다. 상기 방법으로 제조된 고정화 균체는 회분식 반응기나 연속식 충전층 반응기 내에서 반응 원료인 7-아미노데스아세톡시 세팔로스포란산 및 페닐글리신 메틸에스테르 또는 페니실린 G를 반응시켜 세팔렉신 또는 6-아미노페니실란산을 각각 제조한다.In more detail the method of the present invention, first, the recombinant strains producing enzymes having the ability to synthesize cephalexin and 6-aminophenic silane acid were 1% bactotriptone, 0.5% yeast extract, 1% sodium chloride and phenylacetic acid. After shaking for 1 to 2 days at 25 ℃ to 35 ℃ in a sterile liquid medium containing 0.1% (pH 7.5), the strain producing the enzyme is harvested by centrifugation, and the harvested cells are suspended in phosphate buffer solution. Let's do it. The microbial cells suspended in phosphate buffer are immobilized in calcium alginate. Immobilization of the cells was carried out as follows. Sodium alginate is dissolved in phosphate buffer solution and mixed with the same amount of microbial cell suspension, and the mixed solution is added dropwise to calcium chloride solution using a syringe having a needle diameter of 1 mm to obtain a bead-shaped immobilized cell having a diameter of 500 to 3,000 micrometers. Immobilization of the cells can be confirmed by a microscope. The immobilized cells prepared by the above method are reacted with cephalexin or 6-aminopheny by reacting 7-aminodesacetoxy cephalosporranic acid and phenylglycine methylester or penicillin G as a reaction raw material in a batch reactor or a continuous packed bed reactor. Silane acid is prepared respectively.

고정화 균체는 불용성으로 반응 후 원심분리나 여과 등으로 분리하여 재사용할 수 있는데 고정화 균체는 효소의 역가 변화가 거의 없기 때문에 20회 이상 재사용할수 있다. 회분식 반응기를 사용하는 회분법에서는 반응 원료가 채워진 반응기 내에 고정화 균체를 넣은 다음 pH를 6~8로 일정하게 유지시켜 주고 교반기를 이용하여 고정화 균체가 고르게 부유하도록 교반시켜 주며 반응을 진행시킨다. 반응이 종료되면 고정화 균체를 분리한 후 반응액에서 세팔렉신 또는 6-아미노페니실란산을 분리 정제한다. 충전층 반응기를 사용하는 경우는 반응기 내에 고정화 균체를 충전한 후 충전층 하부로부터 반응액을 통과시킨다. 이때 반응기내의 pH는 앞서 회분식 반응기와 같이 6∼8로 유지시키고 반응기에서 나오는 반응 유출액은 미반응 원료의 반응을 위해 재순환시킨다. 세팔렉신 제조에 있어서 반응을 수행하는 온도는 20℃∼45℃이고 7-아미노데스아세톡시 세팔로스포란산과 페닐글리신 메틸에스테르의 중량비는 1 : 1∼1 : 5이다.The immobilized cells are insoluble and can be reused after separation by centrifugation or filtration. The immobilized cells can be reused more than 20 times because there is almost no change in enzyme titer. In the batch method using a batch reactor, the immobilized cells are placed in a reactor filled with the reaction raw material, and then the pH is kept constant at 6-8, and the immobilized cells are stirred evenly by using a stirrer and the reaction proceeds. After the reaction is completed, the immobilized cells are separated and the cephalexin or 6-aminophenic silane acid is separated and purified from the reaction solution. In the case of using a packed bed reactor, the immobilized cells are filled in the reactor and the reaction solution is passed from the bottom of the packed bed. At this time, the pH in the reactor is maintained at 6 to 8, as in the batch reactor, and the reaction effluent from the reactor is recycled for the reaction of the unreacted raw materials. In the preparation of cephalexin, the temperature at which the reaction is carried out is 20 ° C. to 45 ° C., and the weight ratio of 7-aminodesacetoxy cephalosporranic acid and phenylglycine methyl ester is 1: 1: 1: 1.

반응시간은 반응액의 유속에 따라 변화를 주게 되는데 30∼90분이 바람직하다. 상기 방법으로 반응을 진행시켰을 때 세팔렉신의 생산수율은 80∼90%였다. 세팔렉신 합성 효소의 역가 측정은 후지 등의 방법(Fujii etal, Process Biochemistry 10(1976))을 변형시켜, 생성된 세팔렉신 양을 측정함으로써 수행하였다. 6-아미노페니실란산의 제조에 있어서 반응을 수행하는 온도는 20℃∼45℃이고 페니실린의 농도는 1∼10%(W/V)이다. 반응시간은 반응액의 유속에 따라 변화를 주게 되는데 60∼120분이 바람직하다.The reaction time varies depending on the flow rate of the reaction solution, but 30 to 90 minutes is preferable. When the reaction was carried out by the above method, the yield of cephalexin was 80 to 90%. The titer of cephalexin synthase was measured by modifying the method of Fuji et al. (Fujii et al, Process Biochemistry 10 (1976)) to measure the amount of cephalexin produced. In the preparation of 6-aminophenicylanic acid, the temperature at which the reaction is carried out is 20 ° C to 45 ° C and the concentration of penicillin is 1 to 10% (W / V). The reaction time varies depending on the flow rate of the reaction solution, but preferably 60 to 120 minutes.

상기 방법으로 반응을 진행시켰을 때 6-아미노페니실란산의 생산수율은 80∼90%였다. 6-아미노페니실란산의 생산수율 측정은 발라싱함 등의 방법(Balasingham et al, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 216.250(1972))을 이용하여 측정하였다.When the reaction was carried out by the above method, the yield of 6-aminophenic silane was 80 to 90%. The production yield of 6-aminophenicylanic acid was measured using a method such as balsaching (Balasingham et al, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 216.250 (1972)).

본 발명을 하기 실시예를 좀 더 상세히 설명하나, 본 발명을 그것만으로 한정하는 것은 결코 아니다.The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, which in no way limit the present invention.

[실시예 1]Example 1

바실러스 메가테리움 ATCC 14945로부터 제한 효소를 이용하여 세팔렉신 및 6-아미노페니실란산 합성효소의 유전자를 분리하여 동일한 제한 효소로 처리된 플라스미드 PBR 322에 접합시켜 재조합한 플라스미드를 제조하여 이것을 이용하여 에스케리키아 콜리 HB 101을 형질 전환시켜 얻은 유전자 조작된 재조합 균주 KFCC-10381을 만들었다. 표 1의 조성을 갖는 50ml의 배지를 제조하여 500ml 진탕 플라스크에 분주하고 가압 살균하여 냉각한후 재조합 균주 배양액 0.5ml을 접종하고 30℃에서 250rpm으로 15∼20시간 진탕 배양한다.Genes of cephalexin and 6-aminophenicylanic acid synthase were isolated from the Bacillus megaterium ATCC 14945 by conjugation to the plasmid PBR 322 treated with the same restriction enzyme to prepare a recombinant plasmid. Genetically engineered recombinant strain KFCC-10381 obtained by transforming Kerichia coli HB 101 was made. 50 ml of the medium having the composition shown in Table 1 was prepared, dispensed into a 500 ml shake flask, autoclaved, cooled, inoculated with 0.5 ml of recombinant strain culture, and incubated at 30 ° C. at 250 rpm for 15 to 20 hours.

이와 같이 액체 배지에서 배양된 균주룰 원심분리한 후 미생물 균체를 수집, 세척한 후 동량의 0.1몰 인산 완충용액에 현탁시킨다. 소듐알지네이트 1g을 50ml의 0.1몰 인산 완충용액에 녹인 후 상기 50ml의 미생물 균체현탁액 50ml을 고루 섞은 다음 이 혼탁액을 직경 1mm인 바늘이 부착된 주사기를 통하여 0.1몰 염화칼슘 용액에 적하한다. 이를 수시간 방치한 후 2.5% 글루타르 알데히드로 처리한 후 건조시켜 직경 500∼3,000마이크로미터인 구슬 모양의 고정화 균체를 모은다. 고정화 균체를 7-아미노데스아세톡시 세팔로스포란산 5g과 페닐글리신 메틸에스테르 15g을 500ml에 녹여 pH 7.0을 유지하고 있는 반응액에 넣어 30분간 반응시킨다. 이 때 반응액 내의 세팔렉신 생성수율은 85%였다. 반응 종료 후 고정화 균체를 회수하여 20번 이상 사용하여도 수율은 80%를 유지하였다.After centrifugation of the strain cultured in the liquid medium as described above, the microbial cells are collected, washed and suspended in the same amount of 0.1 mol phosphate buffer. After dissolving 1 g of sodium alginate in 50 ml of 0.1 mol phosphate buffer solution, 50 ml of the 50 ml microbial cell suspension was evenly mixed, and the suspension was added dropwise to a 0.1 mol calcium chloride solution through a syringe with a needle having a diameter of 1 mm. After leaving for several hours, 2.5% glutar aldehyde was treated and dried to collect beads of immobilized cells having a diameter of 500 to 3,000 micrometers. The immobilized cells were dissolved in 500 ml of 5 g of 7-aminodesacetoxy cephalosporranic acid and 15 g of phenylglycine methyl ester in a reaction solution maintained at pH 7.0 and allowed to react for 30 minutes. At this time, the yield of cephalexin in the reaction solution was 85%. After the completion of the reaction, the yield was 80% even when the immobilized cells were recovered and used 20 times or more.

[표 1]TABLE 1

Figure kpo00001
Figure kpo00001

[실시예 2]Example 2

실시예 1과 동일한 방법으로 얻은 고정화 균체를 직경 20mm, 높이 70mm인 컬럼에 충전한 후 7-ADCA와 PGM의 중량비가 1 : 3인 반응액을 통과시키고 반응 유출액을 재순환시켰다. 반응을 90분간 수행한 후 종료시키고 생성된 세팔렉신의 양을 측정한 결과 수율은 90%였다. 반응 종료 후 고정화 균체를 회수하여 10회 이상 사용하여도 수율은 85%를 유지하였다.The immobilized cells obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 were charged to a column having a diameter of 20 mm and a height of 70 mm, and then passed through a reaction solution having a weight ratio of 7-ADCA and PGM of 1: 3, and the reaction effluent was recycled. The reaction was performed after 90 minutes and the yield was 90% as a result of measuring the amount of cephalexin produced. After the completion of the reaction, the yield was maintained at 85% even after recovering the immobilized cells used 10 times.

[실시예 3]Example 3

실시예 1과 동일한 방법으로 얻은 고정화 균체를, 페니실린G 30g을 500ml에 녹여 pH 7.5을 유지하고 있는 반응액에 넣어 60분간 반응시켰다. 이때 반응액 내의 6-아미노페니실란산의 생성수율은 85%였다. 반응 종료 후 고정화 균체를 회수하여 20번 이상 사용하여도 수율은 80%를 유지하였다.The immobilized cells obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 were dissolved in 500 ml of 30 g of penicillin G and added to a reaction solution maintained at pH 7.5 and allowed to react for 60 minutes. At this time, the yield of 6-aminophenic silane acid in the reaction solution was 85%. After the completion of the reaction, the yield was 80% even when the immobilized cells were recovered and used 20 times or more.

[실시예 4]Example 4

실시예 1과 동일한 방법으로 얻어진 고정화 균체를 직경20mm, 높이 70mm인 컬럼에 충전한 후 페니실린G 농도가 6%(W/V)인 반응액을 통과시키고 반응 유출액을 재순환시켰다. 반응을 120분간 수행한 후 종료시키고 생성된 6-아미노페니실란의 양을 측정한 결과 수율은 95%였다. 반응 종료 후 고정화 균체를 회수하여 10회 이상 사용하여도 수율은 90%를 유지하였다.The immobilized cells obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 were charged to a column having a diameter of 20 mm and a height of 70 mm, and then passed through a reaction solution having a penicillin G concentration of 6% (W / V), and the reaction effluent was recycled. After the reaction was performed for 120 minutes, the reaction was terminated and the amount of the produced 6-aminophenicsilane was measured. The yield was 95%. After the completion of the reaction, the yield was maintained at 90% even if the immobilized cells were recovered and used 10 times or more.

Claims (1)

바실러스에서 유래된 반합성효소 단백질을 지정하는 유전자를 포함한 재조합 균주 KFCC-10381을 배양하여 얻은 균체를 칼슘 알지네이트에 고정화하여 7-아미노데스 아세톡시 세팔로스포란산과 페닐 글리신 메틸에스테르로부터 세팔렉신을 제조하는 방법.Cefalexin was prepared from 7-aminodes acetoxy cephalosporanoic acid and phenyl glycine methyl ester by immobilizing the cells obtained by culturing the recombinant strain KFCC-10381 containing a gene specifying a semisynthetic enzyme protein derived from Bacillus in calcium alginate. Way.
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