KR900000292A - 특히 아연과 혼화성이 있는 치약조성물용 실리카 - Google Patents
특히 아연과 혼화성이 있는 치약조성물용 실리카 Download PDFInfo
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- KR900000292A KR900000292A KR1019890007466A KR890007466A KR900000292A KR 900000292 A KR900000292 A KR 900000292A KR 1019890007466 A KR1019890007466 A KR 1019890007466A KR 890007466 A KR890007466 A KR 890007466A KR 900000292 A KR900000292 A KR 900000292A
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- silica
- zinc
- represented
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
- C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
- C01B33/18—Preparation of finely divided silica neither in sol nor in gel form; After-treatment thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
- A61K8/27—Zinc; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
- A61K8/25—Silicon; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q11/00—Preparations for care of the teeth, of the oral cavity or of dentures; Dentifrices, e.g. toothpastes; Mouth rinses
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/28—Compounds of silicon
- C09C1/30—Silicic acid
- C09C1/3045—Treatment with inorganic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
- C09K3/1436—Composite particles, e.g. coated particles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/80—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases
- C01P2004/82—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases two phases having the same anion, e.g. both oxidic phases
- C01P2004/84—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases two phases having the same anion, e.g. both oxidic phases one phase coated with the other
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/12—Surface area
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
- Y10T428/2991—Coated
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
- Y10T428/2991—Coated
- Y10T428/2993—Silicic or refractory material containing [e.g., tungsten oxide, glass, cement, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
- Y10T428/2991—Coated
- Y10T428/2993—Silicic or refractory material containing [e.g., tungsten oxide, glass, cement, etc.]
- Y10T428/2996—Glass particles or spheres
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
- Dental Preparations (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
내용 없음
Description
본 내용은 요부공개 건이므로 전문내용을 수록하지 않았음
Claims (28)
- 표면에 화학적으로 결합된 아연을 함유함을 특징으로 하는, 아연과 혼화될 수 있는 실리카.
- 제1항에 있어서, pH7의 수용액내에서 아연이 전혀 해착되지 않거나 또는 무시될 만큼 해착됨을 특징으로 하는 실리카.
- 제1 또는 2항에 있어서, 그의 표면에 Si-O-Zn 기를 포함함을 특징으로 하는 실리카.
- 제1 내지 3항중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 아연과의 혼화도가 적어도 50%임을 특징으로 하는 실리카.
- 제4항에 있어서, 아연과의 혼화도가 적어도 80%, 더욱 특별하게는 적어도 95%를 나타냄을 특징으로 하는 실리카.
- 제1 내지 5항중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 아연의 함유량이 최대한 10%, 더욱 특별하게는 최대한 5%로 나타냄을 특징으로 하는 실리카.
- 제6항에 있어서, 아연의 함유량이 최대한 1%, 더욱 특별하게는 최대한 0.5%로 나타냄을 특징으로 하는 실리카.
- 제1 내지 7항중 어느 한 항에 있어서, BET표면이 40 내지 600m2/g으로 표시됨을 특징으로 하는 실리카.
- 제1 내지 8항중 어느 한 항에 있어서, CTAB 표면이 40 내지 400m2/g으로 표시됨을 특징으로 하는 실리카.
- 제1 내지 9항중 어느 한 항에 있어서, BET 표면이 40 내지 300m2/g으로 표시됨을 특징으로 하는 연마제형의 실리카.
- 제10항에 있어서, CTAB표면이 40 내지 100m2/g으로 표시됨을 특징으로 하는 실리카.
- 제1 내지 9항중 어느 한 항에 있어서, BET표면이 120 내지 450m2/g, 더욱 특별하게는 120 내지 300m2/g으로 표시됨을 특징으로 하는 농화제형의 실리카.
- 제12항에 있어서, CTAB표면이 120 내지 400m2/g으로 표시됨을 특징으로 하는 실리카.
- 제1 내지 9항중 어느 한 항에 있어서, BET표면이 80 내지 200m2/g으로 표시됨을 특징으로 하는 2작용성형의 실리카.
- 제14항에 있어서, CTAB표면이 80 내지 200m2/g으로 표시됨을 특징으로 하는 실리카.
- 제1 내지 15항중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 유분 흡수가 80 내지 500cm3/g으로 표시됨을 특징으로 하는 실리카.
- 제1 내지 16항중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 첨강 실리카임을 특징으로 하는 실리카.
- 산 처리를 아연산염과의 처리와 연합하여 또는 차후적으로, 미리 제조 실리카에 또는 그의 제조 단계시에 실리카에 실시함을 특징으로 하는, 특히 제1 내지 17항중 어느 한 항에 따른 아연과 혼화성이 있는 실리카의 제조방법.
- 제18항에 있어서, 아연산염과 실리카 또는 실리카 현탁액을 접촉시켜 처리가 실시됨을 특징으로 하는 제조방법.
- 제18 또는 19항에 있어서, 산 처리가 실리카상에 산 용액을 통과시키거나, 실리카를 포함하는 현탁액에 상기 용액을 첨가하여 실시됨을 특징으로 하는 제조방법.
- 제20항에 있어서, 산 처리가 현탁액의 pH가 처리 끝부분에 7 이상이 되는 범위로, 실리카를 포함하는 현탁액에 산용액을 첨가하여 실시됨을 특징으로 하는 제조방법.
- 제18 내지 21항중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 현탁액의 실리카로부터 분리되어 생긴 반죽을 아연산염으로 처리함을 특징으로 하는, 아연산염과 산성화제를 반응시키고 현탁액 또는 실리카겔을 수득하고 실리카를 분리 및 건조하는 것으로 이루어지는 제조방법.
- 제22항에 있어서, 분쇄된 침강반죽을 처리함을 특징으로 하는 제조방법.
- 제18 내지 23항중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 알칼리아연산염을 사용함을 특징으로 하는 제조방법.
- 제18 내지 24항중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 아연산염에 의한 처리 및 산처리 후에 실리카를 숙성시킴을 특징으로 하는 제조방법.
- 제1 내지 17항에 따른 형 또는 제18 내지 25항에 따른 방법으로 제조된 형의 실리카를 포함함을 특징으로 하는 치약조성물.
- 제26항에 있어서, 아연을 포함함을 특징으로 하는 치약조성물.
- 제26 또는 27항에 있어서, 불화물, 인산염, 폴리인산염, 폴리포스폰산염, 피로인산염, 구아니딘군 중에서 선택되는 적어도 한 성분을 포함함을 특징으로 하는 치약조성물.※ 참고사항 : 최초출원 내용에 의하여 공개하는 것임.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR88/07279 | 1988-06-01 | ||
FR8807279A FR2632185B1 (fr) | 1988-06-01 | 1988-06-01 | Silice pour compositions dentifrices compatible notamment avec le zinc |
FR88-07279 | 1988-06-01 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
KR900000292A true KR900000292A (ko) | 1990-01-30 |
KR950003418B1 KR950003418B1 (ko) | 1995-04-12 |
Family
ID=9366816
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
KR1019890007466A KR950003418B1 (ko) | 1988-06-01 | 1989-05-31 | 특히 아연과 상용성이 있는 치약 조성물용 실리카 |
Country Status (25)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5413844A (ko) |
EP (1) | EP0345116B1 (ko) |
JP (1) | JPH0665605B2 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR950003418B1 (ko) |
CN (2) | CN1038405A (ko) |
AT (1) | ATE95548T1 (ko) |
AU (1) | AU621117B2 (ko) |
BR (1) | BR8902944A (ko) |
CA (1) | CA1337105C (ko) |
DE (1) | DE68909682T2 (ko) |
DK (1) | DK265189A (ko) |
ES (1) | ES2059797T3 (ko) |
FI (1) | FI94091C (ko) |
FR (1) | FR2632185B1 (ko) |
IE (1) | IE62810B1 (ko) |
IL (1) | IL90446A (ko) |
MA (1) | MA21564A1 (ko) |
MX (1) | MX170473B (ko) |
MY (1) | MY104443A (ko) |
NO (1) | NO176231C (ko) |
NZ (1) | NZ229339A (ko) |
PH (1) | PH27099A (ko) |
PT (1) | PT90710B (ko) |
TN (1) | TNSN89058A1 (ko) |
ZA (1) | ZA894095B (ko) |
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FR2646665B1 (fr) * | 1989-05-03 | 1991-11-29 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Silice pour compositions dentifrices compatible notamment avec les cations metalliques |
FR2732331B1 (fr) * | 1995-03-29 | 1997-06-20 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Nouveau procede de preparation de silice precipitee, nouvelles silices precipitees contenant du zinc et leur utilisation au renforcement des elastomeres |
FR2732330B1 (fr) * | 1995-03-29 | 1997-06-20 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Nouveau procede de preparation de silice precipitee, nouvelles silices precipitees contenant du zinc et leur utilisation au renforcement des elastomeres |
DE19803066A1 (de) * | 1997-12-10 | 1999-06-24 | Degussa | Wirkstoff enthaltende Fällungskieselsäuren |
EP0933078A3 (de) * | 1997-12-10 | 2000-02-09 | Degussa-Hüls Aktiengesellschaft | Wirkstoff enthaltende Fällungskieselsäuren |
DE69907868T2 (de) * | 1998-01-20 | 2004-03-11 | Rhodia Chimie | Kieselsaüremikrokugeln mit sensorischen eigenschaften im mund , verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und zahnpasten die sie enthalten |
FR2781475B1 (fr) * | 1998-07-23 | 2000-09-08 | Alsthom Cge Alcatel | Utilisation d'un creuset en graphite poreux pour traiter des granules de silice |
SI1140993T1 (en) * | 1998-12-23 | 2003-12-31 | Theravance, Inc. | Glycopeptide derivatives and pharmaceutical compositions containing the same |
CN100408016C (zh) | 2001-06-25 | 2008-08-06 | 宝洁公司 | 口腔组合物 |
US7445769B2 (en) * | 2002-10-31 | 2008-11-04 | Cadbury Adams Usa Llc | Compositions for removing stains from dental surfaces and methods of making and using the same |
JP4954450B2 (ja) * | 2004-06-14 | 2012-06-13 | ビーエーエスエフ ビューティ ケア ソリューションズ フランス エスエーエス | 弾性繊維形成の不全、欠損又は無秩序による病状に対処するための、リシルオキシダーゼのアイソフォームの活性の誘導 |
US20060024245A1 (en) * | 2004-07-29 | 2006-02-02 | Cadbury Adams, Llc. | Tooth whitening compositions and delivery systems therefor |
US7641892B2 (en) * | 2004-07-29 | 2010-01-05 | Cadburry Adams USA, LLC | Tooth whitening compositions and delivery systems therefor |
US9242125B2 (en) | 2005-07-21 | 2016-01-26 | Coglate-Palmolive Company | Oral composition containing non-aggregated zinc nanoparticles |
JP4658744B2 (ja) * | 2005-09-05 | 2011-03-23 | 花王株式会社 | 歯磨き組成物 |
US8961938B2 (en) * | 2005-09-05 | 2015-02-24 | Kao Corporation | Dentifrice composition |
US20100189663A1 (en) * | 2009-01-24 | 2010-07-29 | Gallis Karl W | Mouth rinse compositions including chemically modified silica or silicate materials for sustained delivery to tooth surfaces |
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CA2927282C (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2023-06-27 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Tooth whitening oral care product with core shell silica particles |
CN105829574A (zh) * | 2013-12-20 | 2016-08-03 | 高露洁-棕榄公司 | 核壳二氧化硅粒子及用于减少恶臭的用途 |
EP3393936B1 (en) | 2015-12-21 | 2019-11-06 | Philip Morris Products S.a.s. | Container for consumer goods with sliding inner frame |
CN111386100A (zh) | 2017-12-05 | 2020-07-07 | 高露洁-棕榄公司 | 锌/氨基酸官能化二氧化硅 |
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US4040858A (en) * | 1974-10-31 | 1977-08-09 | J. M. Huber Corporation | Preparation of precipitated silicas having controlled refractive index |
US4015996A (en) * | 1974-10-31 | 1977-04-05 | J. M. Huber Corporation | Amorphous precipitated siliceous pigments |
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FR2353486A1 (fr) * | 1976-06-04 | 1977-12-30 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | Nouvelle silice de synthese amorphe, procede pour son obtention et application de ladite silice dans les vulcanisats |
GB1580672A (en) * | 1977-03-23 | 1980-12-03 | Mittex Anstalt | Manufacture of silica gel |
US4331706A (en) * | 1977-12-12 | 1982-05-25 | The Sherwin-Williams Company | Composite zinc oxide coating on an inert pigment core product and process |
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FR2444700A1 (fr) * | 1978-12-20 | 1980-07-18 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | Nouvel agent recurant non abrasif et composition lessivielle le renfermant |
US4340583A (en) * | 1979-05-23 | 1982-07-20 | J. M. Huber Corporation | High fluoride compatibility dentifrice abrasives and compositions |
FR2471947A1 (fr) * | 1979-12-20 | 1981-06-26 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | Silice de precipitation, notamment utilisable comme charge renforcante |
ZA815196B (en) * | 1980-08-09 | 1983-03-30 | British Petroleum Co | Corrosion inhibitors,methods of producing them and protective coatings containing them |
US4508607A (en) * | 1982-10-18 | 1985-04-02 | W. R. Grace & Co. | Particulate dialytic silica |
JPS6046915A (ja) * | 1983-08-24 | 1985-03-14 | Taki Chem Co Ltd | 合成無定形ジルコニウム結合珪酸塩及びその製造方法 |
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FR2562534B1 (fr) * | 1984-04-06 | 1986-06-27 | Rhone Poulenc Chim Base | Nouvelle silice precipitee a caracteres morphologiques ameliores, procede pour son obtention et application, notamment comme charge |
FR2567505B1 (fr) * | 1984-07-11 | 1986-11-21 | Rhone Poulenc Chim Base | Silice a prise d'huile elevee et a structure primaire controlee et procede pour son obtention |
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US4562066A (en) * | 1984-12-11 | 1985-12-31 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Astringent dentifrice containing monofluorophosphate |
JPS6256319A (ja) * | 1985-09-03 | 1987-03-12 | Nippon Chem Ind Co Ltd:The | 高純度シリカの製造法 |
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GB8604985D0 (en) * | 1986-02-28 | 1986-04-09 | Unilever Plc | Precipitated silicas |
DE3639844A1 (de) * | 1986-11-21 | 1988-06-01 | Degussa | Zahnpflegemittel |
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FR2649089B1 (fr) * | 1989-07-03 | 1991-12-13 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Silice a porosite controlee et son procede d'obtention |
-
1988
- 1988-06-01 FR FR8807279A patent/FR2632185B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1989
- 1989-05-18 US US07/353,528 patent/US5413844A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-05-23 AT AT89401398T patent/ATE95548T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-05-23 ES ES89401398T patent/ES2059797T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-05-23 EP EP89401398A patent/EP0345116B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-05-23 DE DE89401398T patent/DE68909682T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-05-25 PH PH38694A patent/PH27099A/en unknown
- 1989-05-29 MA MA21815A patent/MA21564A1/fr unknown
- 1989-05-29 MX MX026521A patent/MX170473B/es unknown
- 1989-05-29 MY MYPI89000726A patent/MY104443A/en unknown
- 1989-05-29 IL IL90446A patent/IL90446A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-05-30 TN TNTNSN89058A patent/TNSN89058A1/fr unknown
- 1989-05-30 NZ NZ229339A patent/NZ229339A/xx unknown
- 1989-05-30 ZA ZA894095A patent/ZA894095B/xx unknown
- 1989-05-30 NO NO892169A patent/NO176231C/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-05-30 CN CN89103651A patent/CN1038405A/zh active Granted
- 1989-05-30 JP JP1134835A patent/JPH0665605B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-05-31 KR KR1019890007466A patent/KR950003418B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-05-31 CA CA000601239A patent/CA1337105C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-05-31 DK DK265189A patent/DK265189A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-05-31 AU AU35883/89A patent/AU621117B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1989-05-31 FI FI892652A patent/FI94091C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-06-01 BR BR898902944A patent/BR8902944A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-06-01 PT PT90710A patent/PT90710B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-06-12 IE IE179389A patent/IE62810B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1993
- 1993-03-17 CN CN93102987A patent/CN1080843A/zh active Pending
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1994
- 1994-09-27 US US08/310,773 patent/US5698327A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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