KR20170122390A

KR20170122390A - Coastal environment monitoring method using bivalve's movement behaviour

Info

Publication number: KR20170122390A
Application number: KR1020160051249A
Authority: KR
Inventors: 김대현; 오석진; 윤양호
Original assignee: 오션테크 주식회사
Priority date: 2016-04-27
Filing date: 2016-04-27
Publication date: 2017-11-06
Also published as: KR101843635B1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a magnet block, comprising the steps of (1) attaching a Hall element sensor to the end of the left shell opening of a crustostrea gigas and a magnet block to a right shell using an epoxy resin, using a magnetic field value which changes according to the distance between the measured once per 0.5 ~ 2sec the distance (L) of the left shell and right shell, and the step (2) for converting the output voltage (V _h) of the Hall element, conversion (3) measuring the oyster shell motion by recording the output voltage, and (4) measuring the water environment by measuring the opening / closing frequency of the shell movement of the oyster measured. , It is possible to respond immediately to red death, high temperature or low temperature seawater, and mass mortality caused by low salinity.

Description

Technical Field [0001] The present invention relates to a method for monitoring a farm environment using a shell motion of a bivalve,

More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for monitoring a farm environment using a bivalve, and more particularly, to a method for monitoring a farm environment using bivalve, The present invention relates to a method for monitoring a farm environment using a bivalve which can alert the fishermen by monitoring and monitoring environmental conditions.

In Korea, most bivalves are being cultivated in coastal areas, and the annual production of fish has been decreasing since the early 1990s. This is mainly due to the increase of aquaculture farms and aging of farms due to erosion (Kim et al. 2002). However, due to the increase of aquaculture facilities due to poor exchange of seawater, And the mass production of H ₂ S is also an important cause. In addition, most of the red tides that have occurred in the closed seabed and the estuary have been found to be the matched ones, and the abundance and diatoms are overwhelmingly high. Diatoms are more likely to produce red tide and quicker dying, because they have faster growth rate and higher rate of nutrient uptake than zygomorphic algae.

On the other hand, more than 95% of the marine influx is transported through the river, and 20 billion tons of sediments are transported to the coastal area through the river every year. However, most of the rivers in Korea are constructed with dams to block the fresh water flowing into the coastal area and discharge fresh water mainly when the capacity is low. Especially, in the case of Sichuan Bay adjacent to the Nam River, salinity change occurs at the time of 40,000,000 due to the discharge of the Nam River dam, and the appearance of low salinity also has a great influence on the cultured organisms in the intertidal zone and the southern margin.

An ideal monitoring system that can detect such coastal environment changes in advance should satisfy the following three points. That is, (1) low cost for installation and maintenance, (2) quick recognition of abnormal phenomena and high sensitivity, and (3) ease of installation and maintenance. To this end, the recently proposed system is a bio-monitoring system (BMS) that utilizes biosensors that accurately and sensitively react to chemicals. If the organism used as a sensing element is well selected, the structure is simpler than the chemical sensor, and the detection and measurement performance is much better.

To date, the organisms that make up the biological monitoring system include photobacterium phosphoreum , algae, daphnia magna , fish ( Leuciscus idus melanotus ; Oryzias latipes , etc.), and continuous efforts are being made to improve the detection of contamination elements using the above organisms, the improvement of the apparatus, and the application to the field.

However, Europe and Taiwan are concentrated in the monitoring of environmental changes centering on rivers. In Japan, Heterocapsa circularisquama , a harmful tidal bird, is developing a biological monitoring system for red tide and empty oxygenated water. But not in Alexandrium genus, and Cochlodinium genus, which causes mass death of fish. In addition, there are no bio-monitoring systems related to the oceanic environment such as anoxic water bodies and low salinity water as well as various water pollution environments. Therefore, researches are needed, and studies on coastal environment monitoring using a bivalve suitable for the west coast and the southern coast of Korea Is urgent.

The biological monitoring system consists of photobacterium phosphoreum, algae, Daphnia magna, and fish (Leuciscus idus melanotus; Oryzias latipes), which are used to detect contaminated elements And the improvement of the equipment and the field application. (Baldwin and Kramer 1994; Gunatilaka and Diehl 2000). - Baldwin, I.G. and Kramer, J. M., 1994. Biological early warning systems (BEWS). In: Biomonitoring of coastal waters and estuaries. Kramer, J.M. (ed), CRC Press, New York, 1-20. - Gunatilaka, A. and Diehl, P., 2000. A brief review of chemical and biological continuous monitoring of rivers in Europe and Asia. In: Biomonitors and biomarkers as indicators of environmental change. Butterworth, F. M., Gunatilaka, A. and Gonsebatt, M.E. (eds), Kluwer Academic / Plenum, New York, 928. In Korea, efforts are being made to develop biological monitoring systems using microalgae, bacteria, and daphnia (Yoon et al., 2004; A biological monitoring system (fish, daphnia) was installed as part of the national water quality monitoring network. - Yoon Jong Chul, Yun Ho Kyo, Jo Seok Ju, Woo Geun Lee, Sang Yeol Lee, Jong Hyun Kim, Rye Tae Kim, Bokseok, 2004. A Study on Biological Alarm System Utilizing Daphnia magna. Health and Environment Research Institute, 40, 474-481. - Yoon Hee Jung, Lee Min Soon, Jeon Sook Kim, and Sang Gil Kim, 2005. A Study on the Single and Mixed Toxicity of Green Algae, Closterium ehrenbergil using Real-Time Two-way Biological Alarm System (WEMS). 2005 Fall Conference of the Korean Society of Environmental Toxicology, 99-100. - Kim, Sang-gil, Jeon-Sook, 2006. Biological alarm system using algae. Advanced Environmental Technologies 14, 4-13. - Shin, Inho, Lee, Joon-Heung, 2009. A Study on the Applicability of Biosensor Devices Using Membrane Electrode Fibers. Journal of the Korean Society for Environmental Analysis, 12, 33-37. Despite these efforts, however, most of the biological monitoring systems are river water-based, and there are no biological monitoring systems related to marine anomalies such as red tide, anoxic water mass, and low salinity. Especially, we can not find a system suitable for environment where bivalve crawl style is active such as the west coast and southern coast of Korea.

The present invention relates to a method for monitoring changes in the water environment using the shell opening and closing motion of the biceps, which is highly active in response to breathing, feeding, heart rate, circadian rhythm and circadian rhythm, and avoidance and stimulation of predators And to provide a system for monitoring coastal, estuarine, and aquaculture sites suited to the Korean situation, and specifically monitoring water environment changes including water temperature, oxygen vacancies, circadian rhythms, and salinity changes easily and accurately.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a magnetoresistive sensor comprising the steps of: (1) attaching a Hall element sensor to a terminal end of a left shell opening of a crustostrea gigas ; and attaching a magnet block to a right- (2) converting a magnetic force value varying in accordance with the distance between the Hall element and the magnet block to an output value of the Hall element, measuring the shell motion of the oyster by recording the converted output value, (4) measuring the opening and closing frequency of the shell movement of the shell, and determining the water environment by measuring the opening / closing frequency of the shell movement of the shell.

The method of monitoring the farm environment using the bivalve according to the present invention can alert the fishermen by monitoring and monitoring the abnormal marine environment condition in the coast, accumulating much experience in the development and localization of the coastal environment observation equipment, System can be substituted.

1 is a schematic view showing a principle of a method for monitoring a farm environment using a bivalve according to the present invention, and B is a photograph showing the experiment of the water tank.
Fig. 2 shows the shell motion of the oyster ( Crassostrea gigas ) during steady state and the pulse of the normal shell motion of the bivalve moss. A shows the normal shell motion of the oyster and B shows the normal shell movement of Japanese oyster, clam, mullet, and pearl shell.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing daily variations of the amount of light irradiated from the surface of the farm, and a table showing the minimum value and the maximum value (National Weather Service).
4 is data showing the shell motion patterns of daytime and nighttime oysters.
5 is data showing a shell motion pattern according to salinity of oysters.
6 is data showing a pattern of shell movement according to salinity of oyster.
FIG. 7 is a map showing the present state of water temperature for the last 5 years of Goseong Jalan only, and a map showing the distribution of the Goseong Bay only and the peak of Goseong Gaman Bay.
Fig. 8 is data showing a pattern of the shell movement according to the temperature of the oyster (CASE 1).
9 is data showing the water temperature experiment result of the primary water temperature experimental object 5 of oyster.
10 is data showing the water temperature experiment result of the primary water temperature experimental object 3 of oyster.
11 is data showing a pattern of shell movement according to the temperature of the oyster (CASE 2).
12 is a data showing the water temperature experiment result of the secondary water temperature experimental object 5 of oyster.
13 is a data showing the water temperature experiment result of the second water temperature experimental body 3 of oyster.
14 is data showing the shell motion of the oyster when the concentration of dissolved oxygen is reduced to the vacancy level (2 mg / L).

It is an object of the present invention to provide a water environment monitoring system for detecting a change in a water environment using a feature that a shell motion of a biceps is instantly and dynamically responsive to a water environment. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.

1. Measurement of shell motion of oyster using Hall element

In the present invention, the shell motion was measured using a 2-year-old oyster ( Crassostrea gigas ) having a wet weight of 70 g or more.

1 is a schematic view showing a principle of a method for monitoring a farm environment using a bivalve according to the present invention, and B is a photograph showing the experiment of the water tank. The Hall element sensor is a sensor widely used in industrial fields such as precision instrument measurement. It measures the shell motion seen in the natural state because there is no stress due to adhesion than Kymograph and strain gauge which is the conventional shell motion measurement device. It is easy to do. The measurement principle is to convert the magnetic force value that changes according to the distance between the Hall element and the magnet to the output voltage of the Hall element to measure the shell motion. The Hall element is a device whose voltage changes according to the intensity of the magnetic field. When the control current is generated, the output voltage is generated in accordance with the change of the external magnetic field (magnetic flux density). The output voltage is proportional to the sum of the control current and the external magnetic field do. Therefore, when the control current is constant, the output voltage is proportional to the external magnetic field, and the external magnetic field is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the magnet block and the Hall element, so that the distance between two shells can be calculated from the output voltage. The present invention has a sensitivity of 15 to 1000 ms and a measurement speed of 0.5 to 2 sec.

2. Water tank experiment

The basal shell movement was performed on the oysters filtered with GF / C (1.2 μm pore size) filter to exclude the influence of feeding. The change and the empty oxygen status were independently applied and the change was measured.

Fig. 2 shows the shell motion of the oyster ( Crassostrea gigas ) during steady state and the pulse of the normal shell motion of the bivalve moss. A shows the normal shell motion of the oyster and B shows the normal shell movement of Japanese oyster, clam, mullet, and pearl shell. Under the condition of temperature condition 18 ± 1 ℃, salinity condition 30 psu and 130 μmol photons / m ² / s, the oysters underwent 5 to 10 opening and closing movements per hour on average. It was found that the Japanese oysters had fewer number of folds and that the clams were more suitable for observing the opening and closing movements of the shell than the shorter ones. .

The typical appearance of the oyster shell movement is shown as a rapid closing motion (①), a spike (②), a slow movement (plateau; ③), and a maximum opening (④). Therefore, we compared and analyzed the number of times of patting movement or the distance of opening of the shell.

3. Oyster movement by day and night

When the shell movement is different according to day or night, we need to analyze the day and night change factors in experiment and outdoor environment. Therefore, the pattern of shell movement according to day or night of oyster was observed. The illuminance was varied at the temperature condition of 18 ± 1 ℃ and the salinity condition of 30 psu.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing daily variation of the amount of light irradiated from the surface of the farm and the maximum value of the maximum value (National Weather Service). In the present invention, basically, the quantity of light of the experiment tank is set to 130, which is similar to the average lower limit of the amount of light in the experimental water tank, based on the radiation amount of Bukchangwon and the transparency of only the high- The light conditions of μmol photons / m ² / s were adjusted by using LED, and the light conditions were adjusted according to the light conditions of 0 μmol photons / m ² / s at night.

4 shows the shell motion patterns of daytime and nighttime oysters. As a result of the experiments with 30 lobes, the average number of shell movements during the day was 6.87 times / hour and the average at night was 4.78 times / hour.

4. Oyster according to salinity Shell movement

In the case of Chesusong Bay and Geoje Bay, the typhoon and the large amount of freshwater inflows, the salt concentration in the sea area is lowered, causing serious damage to the fishery production. In July 2010, 180,000 stalls in the Pearl River Bay were under cultivation with low salinity (<10 psu). These low salinity phenomena are caused by massive rainfall in the rainy season and localized rainfall due to global climate change. In order to prevent such damage by low salt, real-time observation is important as soon as low salinity occurs. Therefore, this experiment measured the shell motion of bivalve to low - salinity fraction and grasped possibility of bio - monitoring system for low - salt fraction. Seawater was observed at 0, 10, and 20 30 psu.

FIG. 5 shows the shell motion pattern according to the salinity of the oysters, and FIG. 6 is an enlarged view thereof. The oysters showed a normal shell motion at 30 psu. The average number of shell movements was 10.70 times / hour at 20 psu. The shell movement was not significant at 30 psu. Thereafter, at 10 psu and freshwater 0 psu, shell movement was not observed at all. In addition, the additional 24-hour maintenance experiment at 15 psu showed a tendency of delaying the start of the closure after the closure, that is, the closure after a certain period of time after the closure. The cycle of closing and reopening the shell seemed to be dull. An average of 16.6 ± 14.25 times / day shell motion was observed during the 24 hour experiment.

Table 1 shows the number of oyster shell movements at 30, 20, 10, and 30 psu, and it was observed that the opening and closing movements decreased with a significant difference in the low salt environment. It is confirmed that the sea salt salinity environment can be estimated to be less than 10 psu.

Oysters according to salinity ( Crassostrea gigas ) n = 35 Shell movement frequency (times / hour) 30 psu 20 psu 10 psu 0 psu Average 13.47 10.70 0 0

5. Oyster shell movement according to water temperature

FIG. 7 is a map showing the present state of water temperature for the last 5 years of Goseong Jalan only, and a map showing the distribution of the Goseong Bay only and the peak of Goseong Gaman Bay. The range of tolerance of oysters to water temperature is known as the temperature of -1.8 ~ 35 ℃ due to the photoion. Therefore, shell movements were observed at 5, 10, 20, and 30 ℃ considering the fluctuation range of water temperature during one year of oyster farm.

FIG. 8 is a data (CASE 1) showing a pattern of shell movement according to the temperature of the oysters, FIG. 9 is a graph showing the results of the water temperature test of the first water temperature experiment object 5 of oysters, Data showing the results of water temperature experiment. At 5 ℃, the oysters did not exhibit shell movement but remained closed, and showed an average frequency of shell movement of 7.05 times / hour at 10 ℃, at which spouse production was started. Also, the oyster showed the highest frequency of shell motion at 18.68 times / hour at the highest growth rate of 20 ℃ (usually 15 ~ 25 ℃). However, at 30 ℃, shell motion was not shown at all.

Fig. 11 shows data on the pattern of shell movement according to the temperature of the oyster (CASE 2), and Figs. 12 and 13 are enlarged views of the respective sections. At this time, irregular shell motion was observed at 30 ℃ temperature condition and the average was 24.25 times / hour. Table 2 shows the results. From this, it can be judged that when the shell motion value is 0, the water temperature is 30 degrees in the summer, and the water temperature is less than 10 degrees in the winter time.

The oyster ( Crassostrea gigas ) Shell movement frequency (times / hour) 5 10 20 30 CASE 1
(n = 11) 0 7.05 18.68 0 CASE 2
(n = 35) 0 6.375 24.75 24.25

6. Oyster shell movement with empty oxygen

The coastal and inland waters are not only highly developed and utilized by harbors and coastal waters, but also due to eutrophication and low-level oxygen vacancies due to human activities such as domestic wastewater from the land and industrial wastewater.

In this environment, the migration and exchange of materials in the sediments is extremely limited as compared with the water quality because it is made through pore water, which makes it difficult to form benthic organisms. Especially, an empty oxygenated water formed near the surface sediments can directly cause the biological mortality if the upper reaches of various cultures. Therefore, we measured the shell movement by artificial decrease of oxygen in the water tank experiment.

In the case of empty oxygenated water, N ₂ gas was injected into the water tank to adjust the oxygen concentration to 2.0 mg / L or less, and the change of the shell motion of biceps was observed according to the decrease of oxygen. The concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) To 2 mg / L, while the oyster shell movement was observed. Nitrogen gas (N ₂ ) was injected into the water tank to continuously reduce the dissolved oxygen concentration. In order to avoid affecting shell movement by nitrogen bubbles in the experiment, it was installed in the middle layer of the experimental tank to minimize the effect of bubbles. Levels below 1 mg / L were maintained for 4 hours to observe shell movement.

Fig. 14 is data showing shell movement of oyster when the concentration of dissolved oxygen was reduced to the level of vacant oxygen (2 mg / L). The blue line represents the concentration of dissolved oxygen in seawater. Nitrogen gas was injected into the water tank to lower the oxygen concentration in the seawater from 8 mg / L to 1 mg / L and kept at 1 mg / L for 4 hours. The number of shell movements increased sharply during the decrease of dissolved oxygen. After 1 hour after the dissolved oxygen reached 1 mg / L, the patient was closed for a certain period of time.

In other subjects, the number of shell movements increased to 30 ± 17.28 times / hr when the dissolved oxygen was rapidly decreased to 3 mg / L, compared with the number of shell movements (5.82 ± 3.06 times / hr) (p <0.001). When the concentration of dissolved oxygen decreased to 1 mg / L or less and 1 hour had elapsed, there was observed a movement of closing for a certain period. After a certain period of closure, the shell motion was observed again, which was somewhat unstable compared to the normal pattern of shell movement.

Using the above results, shell movement of oysters ( Crassostrea gigas ) was observed, and it was confirmed that the salinity, water temperature change and vacancy status can be monitored instantaneously in the water environment change of seawater, Water environment monitoring method using biscuits that can cope with water pollution was constructed.

The invention of the aqueous environment change in sea water, salinity, temperature changes and oysters (Crassostrea the hypoxic state gigas ) can be monitored instantaneously and precisely at low cost by monitoring the shell movement of the gigas . Therefore, it is possible to respond quickly to changes in each environmental condition, And can be used in the marine environment industry and the like.

Claims

Crustostrea a step (1) of attaching a Hall element sensor to the end of the left opening of the gigas and attaching a magnet block to the right side of the gate using an epoxy resin;
A step (2) of measuring a distance (L) between the left-hand shell angle and the right-handed shell angle once every 0.5 to 2 seconds using the magnetic force value varying according to the distance between the hall element and the magnet block;
(3) measuring the shell motion of oysters by recording the converted output value; And
(4) measuring the opening / closing frequency of the shell movement of the oyster to determine the water environment.

The method according to claim 1, wherein when the frequency of the oyster shell movement is 10 to 14 times per hour, the salinity is 20 to 30 psu, and when the frequency of oyster shell movement is 0, Monitoring Method of Farm Environment using Bivalve.

The method according to claim 1, wherein when the frequency of shell movement of the oyster is 6 to 7 times per hour, the water temperature is 10 DEG C, and when the frequency of oyster shell movement is 0, it is determined that the sea water temperature is lower than 5 DEG C or higher than 30 DEG C A method for environmental monitoring of a farm site using bivalve.

The method according to claim 1, wherein when the frequency of shell movement of the oyster is 12 to 47 times / hour, the dissolved oxygen in the seawater is determined to be lower than 3 mg / L.