KR20170092914A

KR20170092914A - Swing system for working machine and working machine including the same

Info

Publication number: KR20170092914A
Application number: KR1020160014185A
Authority: KR
Inventors: 임도형
Original assignee: 현대중공업 주식회사
Priority date: 2016-02-04
Filing date: 2016-02-04
Publication date: 2017-08-14

Abstract

The present invention relates to a turning system of a working machine and a working machine including the same. According to the present invention, the turning system of the working machine comprises: a motor for generating a rotational force; a turning speed reducer which receives turning force of the motor to decelerate rotation; a turning bearing for meshing with a pinion gear coupled to an output shaft of the turning speed reducer so that a working device can turn; and a load reducing device installed on the output shaft and absorbing a load while dispersing a load concentrated on the pinion gear at the time of changing the direction of the working device.

Description

Technical Field [0001] The present invention relates to a turning machine for a working machine and a working machine equipped with the same. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention [0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a turning system of a working machine and a working machine having the same.

A variety of working machines are used at work sites such as construction sites or civil engineering sites. Work machines will have appropriate mechanical structure and performance for each type of work such as roads, rivers, harbors, railways, and plants. That is, due to the diversity of work performed in the industrial field, the working machine can be classified into excavation equipment, loading equipment, conveying equipment, loading equipment, compaction equipment, foundation equipment and the like. Specifically, excavator, wheel loader, forklift, It is a concept that includes a considerable variety of equipment such as trucks, rollers, cranes, and the like.

The most basic work performed in the industrial field is digging. In the case of industrial construction, excavation is mostly used as a working machine, in which excavation of a certain depth of the ground is carried out to install various structures or to lay pipes on the ground.

An excavator is a work machine that carries out work such as excavation work for digging the ground in civil engineering, construction, construction site, loading work for carrying earthworks, crushing work for dismantling the building, suspension work for arranging the ground, And a swivel body and a working device mounted on the traveling body and rotating 360 degrees.

Such an excavator is provided with a swinging system including a swing motor, a swing reducer, and a swing bearing between the traveling body and the swing body so as to change the direction of the working device.

The turning of the working device is the main factor of digging, chopping, etc. Therefore, accurate understanding of the turning system is essential to improve product durability and performance.

However, since the turning speed reducer is structurally supported in a cantilever shape in general, the load distribution is not uniform in the pinion gear portion at the time of changing the direction of the working device, so that noise and vibration are often generated, and the load is concentrated on the pinion gear portion In this case, due to deformation of the peripheral structure such as the shaft and the bearing, misalignment occurs between the pinion gear and the swing ring gear of the swing bearing, edge contact occurs between these gears, which shortens the life of the gear, There is a problem to be caused.

Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2013-0067375 (published on June 24, 2013)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a turning machine of a working machine capable of distributing a load distribution concentrated on a pinion gear of a turning speed reducer when changing the direction of a working device, And a work machine having the same.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a turning system of a working machine, comprising: a turning motor for generating a turning force; A turning speed reducer for receiving the turning force of the turning motor to decelerate the rotation; A swing bearing for meshing with a pinion gear that is coupled to an output shaft of the orbiting-decelerator to swing the working device; And a load reducing device installed on the output shaft and absorbing a load while dispersing a load distribution concentrated on the pinion gear at the time of changing the direction of the working device.

Specifically, the load abatement device may include: a first load abatement portion provided on the output shaft; A second load relief portion provided below the output shaft; And a pressure oil line provided between the first load relieving portion and the second load relieving portion.

Specifically, the first load abatement device may include: a first bearing installed to surround an upper outer circumferential surface of the output shaft; A first preload spring fixed to the reduction gear housing on the opposite side to which the load is applied and connected to one side of the first bearing; A first rod, a first head side chamber, and a first rod side chamber, which are fixed to the reducer housing on the side to which the load is applied and connected to the other side of the first bearing, And may include a first cylinder.

Specifically, the first rod may be connected to the other side of the first bearing.

Specifically, the second load abatement device may include: a second bearing installed to surround a lower outer circumferential surface of the output shaft; A second preload spring fixed to the reducer housing on the side to which the load is applied and connected to the other side of the second bearing; And a second piston, a second rod, a second head-side chamber, and a second rod-side chamber, which are fixed to the reducer housing on the opposite side to which the load is applied and connected to the other side of the second bearing And a second cylinder.

Specifically, the second rod may be connected to one side of the second bearing.

Specifically, the pressure oil line includes a head side pressure oil line and a rod side pressure oil line, and the head side pressure oil line is provided between the first head side chamber and the second head side chamber, The line may be installed between the first rod-side chamber and the second rod-side chamber.

A working machine according to another aspect of the present invention is characterized by comprising the above-described turning system.

The turning system of the working machine according to the present invention and the working machine having the same can be provided with a load reducing device on the output shaft of the turning speed reducer so that the load distribution concentrated on the pinion gear of the turning speed reducer can be dispersed In addition, the load can be absorbed, and the edge contact between the pinion gear and the orbiting ring gear of the swing bearing can be minimized.

Further, the turning system of the working machine and the working machine having the same according to the present invention can minimize the edge contact between the pinion gear and the revolving ring gear, uniform the load distribution in the pinion gear portion, Not only the vibration can be reduced but also the life of the gear can be prolonged and the reliability of the turning system can be improved.

1 is a perspective view of a working machine having a turning system of a working machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
(B) is a view showing a state in which no load acts on the pinion gear, (C) is a plan view of the pinion gear When a load is applied to the load.
3 is a view for explaining a turning system according to the present invention.
FIGS. 4 to 6 are views for explaining the operation of the load reducing device of the turning system according to the present invention, wherein (A) is a side view of the swing system, and (B) Fig. 3 is a view showing a load reducing device for explanation.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The objects, particular advantages and novel features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. It should be noted that, in the present specification, the reference numerals are added to the constituent elements of the drawings, and the same constituent elements are assigned the same number as much as possible even if they are displayed on different drawings. In the following description, well-known functions or constructions are not described in detail since they would obscure the invention in unnecessary detail.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a working machine having a turning system of a working machine according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a view showing a turning system according to the present invention, (A) is a side view of the turning system (B) is a view showing a state where a load is not applied to the pinion gear, (C) is a view showing a case where a load is applied to the pinion gear, and FIG. 3 And FIGS. 4 to 6 are diagrams for explaining the operation of the load reducing device of the turning system according to the present invention, wherein (A) is a side schematic view of the turning system, (B) Fig. 5 is a view showing a load reducing device for explaining the flow of pressurized fluid.

1 to 6, the working machine 1 includes a working device 10, a turning body 20, a traveling body 30, and a turning system 100.

Such a working machine (1) can be a crawler-type excavator that performs work such as excavation work for digging the ground at the construction site, loading work for transporting the soil, crushing work for dismantling the building, and stop work for arranging the ground have. Of course, the working machine 1 may be various equipment equipped with the revolving system 100, but not the excavator. In the following, the working machine 1 is limited to a crawler excavator. It should be understood, however, that the present invention is not limited to the embodiment but is merely an example.

The working device 10 is provided on one side of the working machine 1 and is composed of a boom 11, an arm 13 and a bucket 15. The boom 11 is connected to two boom cylinders 12 And the position of the bucket 15 can be adjusted by operating the arm 13 by the arm cylinder 14. The bucket 15 can perform detailed work by the bucket cylinder 16.

The turning unit 20 is connected to the front portion of the working unit 10 and can be rotated 360 degrees by the turning system 100 to be described later mounted on the traveling unit 30 to be described later, 21 and a cab 22, an engine 23, and a counterweight 24 disposed on the frame 21. [

The operating room 22 is provided with various operating devices such as a work device operating section (not shown), a turning operating section (not shown), a traveling operating section (not shown) The work device operating section may be provided with a plurality of levers or switches capable of respectively operating the detailed configuration of the working device 10. [ The swivel operating portion can operate the swiveling operation of the swivel body 20 by operating the swiveling system 100 to be described later, and a plurality of levers or switches can be provided.

The engine 23 is installed in a machine room and transmits a driving force to the working device 10 and a traveling body 30 to be described later. The engine 23 can cause the working device 10 to move by supplying the pressurized oil to the respective cylinders 12, 14, 16 by operating the pump 23 connected to the engine 23 by the engine 23.

A pair of right and left paddle wheels 32 are rotatably mounted on the front side of the truck or track frame 31 and a pair of left and right drive wheels 33 are provided on the rear side of the truck or track frame 31 And an endless track 34 which is rotatably installed and which encloses the swinging wheel 32 and the drive wheel 33 can be provided.

The turning system 100 may include a turning motor 110, a turning speed reducer 120, a turning bearing 130, and a load reducing device 140.

The turning system 100 is configured such that when the working apparatus 10 is turned, the turning motor 110 is operated by the turning adjustment of the turning operation section to return the turning speed reducer 120, and the pinion gears of the turning speed reducer 120 The outer ring gear 127 rotates the inner ring gear type swing bearing 130 to be described later so that the swing body 20 can perform the swing operation to the left or the right.

The swing motor 110 is assembled and mounted on one side of the swing body 20 by a motor housing and converts the fluid energy supplied from the hydraulic pump or the electric energy supplied from the own battery or the outside into mechanical energy, And the turning force can be generated so that the turning body 20 of the working machine 1 can be turned to the left or right.

The swing motor 110 can transmit the rotational force to the input shaft 125 of the orbiting-decelerator 120, which will be described later, through a power transmission shaft that outputs a rotational force.

The turning speed reducer 120 may receive the rotational force through the power transmission shaft of the swing motor 110 and may decelerate the rotation to transmit the rotational speed to the swing bearing 130 to be described later.

This turning speed reducer 120 includes a reduction gear housing 121, a sun gear 122, a reduction gear group 123, a ring gear 124, an input shaft 125, an output shaft 126, and a pinion gear 127 .

The reducer housing 121 may be configured to enclose the components of the turning speed reducer 120 as well as a load relief device 140 to be described later.

The sun gear 122 can be coupled to extend linearly with the swing motor 110 via an input shaft 125 to be described later and to be linked with the swing motor 110 to transmit power to the reduction gear group 110 to be described later.

The sun gear 122 is rotated at the same speed as that of the swing motor 110 because the sun gear 122 receives the rotational force directly from the input shaft 125 to be described later which is axially coupled to the power transmission shaft of the swing motor 110.

The reduction gear group 123 may transmit the power of the sun gear 122 to the ring gear 124, which will be described later, and may be a combination of a plurality of planetary gears and a carrier.

The ring gear 124 can be rotated by the power transmitted from the speed reducer group 123 to the reduced speed.

The input shaft 125 is axially coupled to the power transmitting shaft of the swing motor 110 and is capable of transmitting the power of the swing motor 110 to the sun gear 122.

The output shaft 126 and the speed reducer group 123 and coupled to the pinion gear 127 to be described later to transmit the decelerated power from the speed reducer group 123 to the pinion gear 127.

The pinion gear 127 is coupled to the output shaft 126 and is rotated in accordance with the deceleration transmitted from the output shaft 126, and the rotational bearing 130, which will be described later, can rotate.

The turning bearing 130 can be installed on the frame 21 of the revolving body 20 and the revolving body 20 and the working device 10 can be rotated by the rotational force of the pinion gear 127 of the revolving speed reducer 120 Thereby enabling the turning operation to the left or right.

The swing bearing 130 is an inner ring gear type and may be provided with a swing ring gear 131 inside the swing bearing 130. The swing ring gear 131 is engaged with the pinion gear 127 at this time.

Among the structures of the above-described turning system 100, the turning speed reducer 120 is structurally supported in a cantilever shape so that the working device 10 performs the work without changing the direction as shown in FIG. 2 (B) A load is not applied to the pinion gear 127 and alignment failure does not occur between the pinion gear 127 and the swing ring gear 131 of the swing bearing 130. However, as shown in FIG. 2C A load is applied to the pinion gear 127 so that misalignment occurs between the pinion gear 127 and the swing ring gear 131 of the swing bearing 130. As a result, Noise and vibration are generated due to the uneven load distribution in the gear 127, and when a large amount of load is concentrated on the pinion gear 127, the pinion gear 127 and the pivot ring An edge contact occurs between the gears 131 To thereby cause. In order to solve this problem, the present invention includes a load relieving device 140 on the output shaft 126, which will be described in detail below.

The load relieving device 140 is provided with a rotation speed reducer 150 that is capable of absorbing a load while dispersing a load distribution concentrated on the pinion gear 127 at the time of switching the direction of the working device 10 by turning of the revolving body 20 The first load relief portion 140a, the second load relief portion 140b, the head side pressure relief line 148, and the rod side pressure relief line 149. The first load relief portion 140a, the second load relief portion 140b, .

The first load relief portion 140a may be installed on the output shaft 126 and may include a first bearing 141a, a first preload spring 142a, and a first cylinder 143a.

The first bearing 141a may be installed so as to surround the upper outer circumferential surface of the output shaft 126 and allow the output shaft 126 to rotate freely.

The first preload spring 142a is engaged with the pinion gear 127 of the swing bearing 130 and the pinion gear 127 of the swing bearing 130 so that the first preload spring 142a is connected to the speed reducer housing 121 And may be fixedly connected to one side of the first bearing 141a.

The first cylinder 143a is fixed to the reducer housing 121 on the side where the turning ring gear 131 of the swing bearing 130 is engaged with the pinion gear 127 and the load is applied when changing the direction of the working device 10 And may be connected to the other side of the first bearing 141a.

Specifically, the first cylinder 143a is a hydraulic cylinder comprising a first piston 144a, a first rod 145a, a first head side chamber 146a, and a first rod side chamber 147a. .

In the first cylinder 143a, the first rod 145a connected to the first piston 144a may be connected to the other side of the first bearing 141a.

The first head side chamber 146a may be connected to a head side pressure applying path 148 to be described later and the first rod side chamber 147a may be connected to a rod side pressure applying path 149 to be described later.

The second load relieving portion 140b may be installed under the output shaft 126 and may include a second bearing 141b, a second preload spring 142b, and a second cylinder 143b.

The second bearing 141b may be installed so as to surround the lower outer circumferential surface of the output shaft 126 and allow the output shaft 126 to rotate freely.

The second preload spring 142b is connected to the reduction gear housing 121 on the side where the turning ring gear 131 of the swing bearing 130 is engaged with the pinion gear 127 and the load is applied when changing the direction of the working device 10 And can be fixedly connected to the other side of the second bearing 141b.

The second cylinder 143b is fixed to the reducer housing 121 on the opposite side to which the load is applied when the turning ring gear 131 of the swing bearing 130 is engaged with the pinion gear 127, And may be connected to one side of the second bearing 141b.

Specifically, the second cylinder 143b is a hydraulic cylinder comprising a second piston 144b, a second rod 145b, a second head chamber 146b, and a second rod chamber 147b. .

In this second cylinder 143b, a second rod 145b connected to the second piston 144b may be connected to one side of the second bearing 141b.

A head side pressure transfer path 148 to be described later can be connected to the second head side chamber 146b and a rod side pressure transfer path 149 to be described later can be connected to the second rod side chamber 147b.

The head side pressure line 148 can be installed between the first head side chamber 146a of the first cylinder 143a and the second head side chamber 146b of the second cylinder 143b, Side chamber 146b from the first head-side chamber 146a or the second head-side chamber 146b from the second head-side chamber 146b depending on the magnitude of the load generated upon switching the direction of the first head- The pressurized oil can be supplied to the head side chamber 146a.

The rod side pressure euthene 149 can be installed between the first rod side chamber 147a of the first cylinder 143a and the second rod side chamber 147b of the second cylinder 143b, Side chamber 147b from the first rod-side chamber 147b or from the first rod-side chamber 147b to the second rod-side chamber 147b in accordance with the magnitude of the load generated upon switching the direction of the first rod- Side chamber 147a.

The operation of the load abatement device 140 configured as above will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 to 6. FIG.

4 shows a case where a load is first generated (a state in which the load is not relatively large) between the turning ring gear 131 of the turning bearing 130 and the pinion gear 127 when the working device 10 is switched to the first direction A load is applied to the second rod 145b connected to one side of the second bearing 141b so that the pressure in the second head chamber 146b is reduced through the head side pressure roller 148, Side chamber 146a and a pressure is applied to the first rod 145a connected to the other side of the first bearing 141a by an increase in the hydraulic pressure in the first head-side chamber 146a, Side pressure chamber 147a is supplied to the second rod-side chamber 147b through the rod-side pressure-apply channel 149. [

At this time, since the second preload spring 142b is stretched, the contraction force to restore the initial state is applied, and the first preload spring 142a is reduced, so that the extension force to restore the initial state is applied, The load distribution concentrated on the pinion gear 127 is dispersed and the load is absorbed.

5 and 6 show a case in which the working device 10 is actively switched so that a large load is generated between the turning ring gear 131 of the turning bearing 130 and the pinion gear 127, At this time, since the second preload spring 142b is greatly stretched, the contractile force to be restored to the initial state is further increased, and the first preload spring 142a is also greatly reduced. Thus, And the flow of the pressure oil is opposite to that of Fig.

The first rod 145a connected to the other side of the first bearing 141a is moved from the first rod side chamber 147a toward the first head side chamber 146a by the extension of the first preload spring 142a, The pressurized oil in the first head side chamber 146a is supplied to the second head side chamber 146b through the head side pressure oil path 148 and the second pressurizing spring 142b is contracted to the second The second rod 145b connected to one side of the bearing 141b is pressed from the second head side chamber 146b toward the second rod side chamber 147b so that the pressure inside the second rod side chamber 147b And is supplied to the second rod side chamber 147b through the rod side pressure eutral line 149.

As a result of this reaction, the load distribution concentrated on the pinion gear 127 is more dispersed and the load can be further absorbed when the working device 10 is turned, and as shown in Fig. 6, the pinion gear The pinion gear 127 and the swing ring gear 131 of the swing bearing 130 can be aligned.

As described above, in the present embodiment, since the load reducing device 140 is provided on the output shaft 126 of the turning speed reducer 120, it is possible to reduce the load on the pinion gear 127 of the turning speed reducer 120 The load distribution can be dispersed and the load can be absorbed so that the edge contact between the pinion gear 127 and the swing ring gear 131 of the swing bearing 130 can be minimized.

In addition, the present embodiment can minimize the edge contact between the pinion gear 127 and the orbiting ring gear 131, make the load distribution uniform in the pinion gear 127, and reduce noise and vibration Not only the life of the gears 127 and 131 can be prolonged, but also the reliability of the turning system 100 can be improved.

While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various combinations and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, it should be understood that the technical contents related to the modifications and applications that can be easily derived from the embodiments of the present invention are included in the present invention.

1: work machine 10: work machine
11: Boom 12: Boom cylinder
13: arm 14: arm cylinder
15: Bucket 16: Bucket cylinder
20: slewing body 21: frame
22: cab 23: engine
24: Counterweight 30:
31: truck or track frame 32:
33: drive wheel 34: endless track
100: Swing system 110: Swing motor
120: turning speed reducer 121: reducer housing
122: sun gear 123: speed reducer fish
124: ring gear 125: input shaft
126: Output shaft 127: Pinion gear
130: Swing bearing 131: Swing ring gear
140: Load reducing device 140a: First load reducing device
141a: first bearing 142a: first preload spring
143a: first cylinder 144a: first piston
145a: first rod 146a: first head side chamber
147a: first rod-side chamber 140b: second load-
141b: second bearing 142b: second preload spring
143b: second cylinder 144b: second piston
145b: second rod 146b: second head side chamber
147b: second rod-side chamber 148: head side pressure roller
149: Rod side pressure Yurain

Claims

A swing motor for generating a rotational force;
A turning speed reducer for receiving the turning force of the turning motor to decelerate the rotation;
A swing bearing for meshing with a pinion gear that is coupled to an output shaft of the orbiting-decelerator to swing the working device; And
And a load reducing device installed on the output shaft and absorbing a load while dispersing a load distribution concentrated on the pinion gear at the time of changing the direction of the working device.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1,
A first load relief portion provided on an upper portion of the output shaft;
A second load relief portion provided below the output shaft; And
And a pressure oil line provided between the first load relieving portion and the second load relieving portion.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the first load-
A first bearing installed to surround an upper outer peripheral surface of the output shaft;
A first preload spring fixed to the reduction gear housing on the opposite side to which the load is applied and connected to one side of the first bearing; And
A first rod, a first rod-side chamber, and a first rod-side chamber, which are fixed to the reducer housing on the side to which the load is applied and connected to the other side of the first bearing, And a single cylinder.

4. The apparatus of claim 3,
Wherein the first bearing is connected to the other side of the first bearing.

4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the second load-
A second bearing installed to surround a lower outer circumferential surface of the output shaft;
A second preload spring fixed to the reducer housing on the side to which the load is applied and connected to the other side of the second bearing; And
A second rod, a second rod-side chamber, and a second rod-side chamber, which are fixed to the reducer housing on the opposite side to which the load is applied and connected to the other side of the second bearing, Wherein the work machine includes two cylinders.

6. The apparatus of claim 5,
Wherein the second bearing is connected to one side of the second bearing.

6. The method according to claim 5,
A head side pressure oil line and a rod side pressure oil line,
Side pressure oil line is provided between the first head-side chamber and the second head-side chamber,
And the rod-side pressure oil line is provided between the first rod-side chamber and the second rod-side chamber.

A machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said turning system is provided.