KR20130111101A - Electrolytes for a tunable full-color dye-sensitized solar cell and tunable full-color dye-sensitized solar cells using the same - Google Patents
Electrolytes for a tunable full-color dye-sensitized solar cell and tunable full-color dye-sensitized solar cells using the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR20130111101A KR20130111101A KR1020120033630A KR20120033630A KR20130111101A KR 20130111101 A KR20130111101 A KR 20130111101A KR 1020120033630 A KR1020120033630 A KR 1020120033630A KR 20120033630 A KR20120033630 A KR 20120033630A KR 20130111101 A KR20130111101 A KR 20130111101A
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- iodide
- sensitized solar
- solar cell
- dye
- color
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000004038 photonic crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- FDRNXKXKFNHNCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-anilinophenyl)-n-phenylaniline Chemical compound C=1C=C(C=2C=CC(NC=3C=CC=CC=3)=CC=2)C=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 FDRNXKXKFNHNCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- -1 zirconium (Zr) Compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- IVCMUVGRRDWTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-methyl-3-propylimidazol-1-ium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 IVCMUVGRRDWTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002496 iodine Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Chemical group [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004984 smart glass Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017107 AlOx Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- UNMYWSMUMWPJLR-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium iodide Chemical compound [Ca+2].[I-].[I-] UNMYWSMUMWPJLR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910003087 TiOx Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001640 calcium iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940046413 calcium iodide Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- FMKOJHQHASLBPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropyl iodide Chemical compound CC(C)I FMKOJHQHASLBPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002096 quantum dot Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- HLLICFJUWSZHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tioxidazole Chemical compound CCCOC1=CC=C2N=C(NC(=O)OC)SC2=C1 HLLICFJUWSZHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GBBZLMLLFVFKJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diiodoethane Chemical compound ICCI GBBZLMLLFVFKJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002971 CaTiO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003327 LiNbO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003781 PbTiO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910020698 PbZrO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002370 SrTiO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010252 TiO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HFEHLDPGIKPNKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl iodide Chemical compound ICC=C HFEHLDPGIKPNKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SGUXGJPBTNFBAD-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium iodide Chemical compound [I-].[I-].[Ba+2] SGUXGJPBTNFBAD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001638 barium iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940075444 barium iodide Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;diiodide Chemical compound I[Cu]I GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- NZZFYRREKKOMAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N diiodomethane Chemical compound ICI NZZFYRREKKOMAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodide Chemical compound [I-] XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- HVTICUPFWKNHNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodoethane Chemical compound CCI HVTICUPFWKNHNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XJTQJERLRPWUGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethylbenzene Chemical compound ICC1=CC=CC=C1 XJTQJERLRPWUGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BLQJIBCZHWBKSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium iodide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[I-].[I-] BLQJIBCZHWBKSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001641 magnesium iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QWYFOIJABGVEFP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(ii) iodide Chemical compound [Mn+2].[I-].[I-] QWYFOIJABGVEFP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QKKCMWPOASMDQR-UHFFFAOYSA-J molybdenum(4+);tetraiodide Chemical compound I[Mo](I)(I)I QKKCMWPOASMDQR-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- CFTHARXEQHJSEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon tetraiodide Chemical compound I[Si](I)(I)I CFTHARXEQHJSEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-azaniumyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 229910021612 Silver iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- 229940045105 silver iodide Drugs 0.000 claims 3
- 125000006832 (C1-C10) alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- WPCXDBCEDWUSOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoyl iodide Chemical compound IC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPCXDBCEDWUSOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XQPRBTXUXXVTKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium iodide Chemical compound [I-].[Cs+] XQPRBTXUXXVTKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002346 iodo group Chemical group I* 0.000 claims 1
- BQZGVMWPHXIKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(ii) iodide Chemical compound [Fe+2].[I-].[I-] BQZGVMWPHXIKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 26
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NJMWOUFKYKNWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 NJMWOUFKYKNWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 5
- MKHFCTXNDRMIDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanoiminomethylideneazanide;1-ethyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound [N-]=C=NC#N.CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 MKHFCTXNDRMIDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- GKWLILHTTGWKLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxine Chemical compound O1CCOC2=CSC=C21 GKWLILHTTGWKLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 101150090068 PMII gene Proteins 0.000 description 4
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- AQGZDWJFOYXGAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-iodo-n,n-bis(4-iodophenyl)aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(I)=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC(I)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(I)C=C1 AQGZDWJFOYXGAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FGYADSCZTQOAFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylbenzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(C)C=NC2=C1 FGYADSCZTQOAFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FHQULZIJCMSGQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-naphthalen-2-yl-2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(C=3SC=C4C=3OCCO4)=CC=C21 FHQULZIJCMSGQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DSBKNJZXOUSGQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-phenyl-2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxine Chemical compound O1CCOC=2C1=CSC=2C1=CC=CC=C1 DSBKNJZXOUSGQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940126062 Compound A Drugs 0.000 description 2
- NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heterophylliin A Natural products O1C2COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC2C(OC(=O)C=2C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=2)C(O)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012327 Ruthenium complex Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920003182 Surlyn® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011245 gel electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002390 heteroarenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000005839 radical cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- AXHRDCFFZLKRLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-ethyl-2,4-dihydroimidazol-3-yl)methyl-trimethoxysilane Chemical compound CCC1N=CCN1C[Si](OC)(OC)OC AXHRDCFFZLKRLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HFSZMZRDCRFRSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-ethyl-4-methylimidazol-1-yl)methyl-trimethoxysilane Chemical compound CCC1=NC(C)=CN1C[Si](OC)(OC)OC HFSZMZRDCRFRSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCYQEZGUJOAROW-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-ethyl-5-methyl-2,4-dihydroimidazol-3-yl)methyl-trimethoxysilane Chemical compound CCC1N=C(C)CN1C[Si](OC)(OC)OC BCYQEZGUJOAROW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MDVWXNFQPXADCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-ethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)methyl-trimethoxysilane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(C[Si](OC)(OC)OC)C(CC)=NC2=C1 MDVWXNFQPXADCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ABADCXGWZAIAFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4,5-diphenylimidazol-1-yl)methyl-triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CN1C=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ABADCXGWZAIAFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHMKWTCNVNCIJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4,5-diphenylimidazol-1-yl)methyl-trimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CN1C=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 VHMKWTCNVNCIJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CKIZLIIPNBSEBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N (5,6-dimethyl-2,4-dihydrobenzimidazol-1-yl)methyl-triethoxysilane Chemical compound C1C(C)=C(C)C=C2N(C[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC)CN=C21 CKIZLIIPNBSEBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSFVQEHUVOVFOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,10-phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 XSFVQEHUVOVFOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTUGGGLMQBJCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-iodo-2-methylpropane Chemical compound CC(C)CI BTUGGGLMQBJCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPYDMVZCPRONLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-iodo-4-(4-iodophenyl)benzene Chemical group C1=CC(I)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(I)C=C1 GPYDMVZCPRONLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFYZBXKLRPWSGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-3-propyl-2h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCN1CN(C)C=C1 JFYZBXKLRPWSGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVDDUSFOSWWJJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-3-propylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 WVDDUSFOSWWJJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBOIAZWJIACNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-imidazole;hydroiodide Chemical class [I-].[NH2+]1C=CN=C1 JBOIAZWJIACNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDBPPNXALQVGJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethyl-n-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)imidazol-4-amine Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCNC1=CN=C(C)N1C CDBPPNXALQVGJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ONVZBZLVXRCFTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4,5-diphenylimidazol-1-yl)ethyl-triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCN1C=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ONVZBZLVXRCFTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZXYQEHISUMZAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C(CC=2C(=CC=C(C)C=2)O)=C1 XZXYQEHISUMZAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDZYRENCLPUXAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1h-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(C)=NC2=C1 LDZYRENCLPUXAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IOVDYLCVEPTPPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-n-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)-2,4-dihydrobenzimidazole-1-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C=CC=C2N(C(=O)NCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC)C(C)N=C21 IOVDYLCVEPTPPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTOZYZWVRXPHAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenyl-n-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)-2,4-dihydroimidazole-3-carboxamide Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCNC(=O)N1CC=NC1C1=CC=CC=C1 BTOZYZWVRXPHAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZSVVCFHMVMYCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-pyridin-2-ylpyridine;ruthenium Chemical group [Ru].N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1.N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1.N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 BZSVVCFHMVMYCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DWAIPZXBBJLJLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-ethyl-2,4-dihydroimidazol-3-yl)propyl-trimethoxysilane Chemical compound CCC1N=CCN1CCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC DWAIPZXBBJLJLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NPRQWNMXTXRFSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-ethyl-4-methylimidazol-1-yl)propyl-trimethoxysilane Chemical compound CCC1=NC(C)=CN1CCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC NPRQWNMXTXRFSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MPEVTVDYJGOHRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-ethyl-5-methyl-2,4-dihydroimidazol-3-yl)propyl-trimethoxysilane Chemical compound CCC1N=C(C)CN1CCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC MPEVTVDYJGOHRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZYJVOXIZDWVBJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4,5-diphenylimidazol-1-yl)propyl-triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN1C=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZYJVOXIZDWVBJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVEQLZPMUBVVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4,5-diphenylimidazol-1-yl)propyl-trimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCN1C=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 LVEQLZPMUBVVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMXGDLQYTLGTRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(5,6-dimethyl-2,4-dihydrobenzimidazol-1-yl)propyl-triethoxysilane Chemical compound C1C(C)=C(C)C=C2N(CCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC)CN=C21 UMXGDLQYTLGTRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DWARIMYUPSJEFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(5,6-dimethyl-2,4-dihydrobenzimidazol-1-yl)propyl-trimethoxysilane Chemical compound C1C(C)=C(C)C=C2N(CCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC)CN=C21 DWARIMYUPSJEFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NCKVDOBFKXTTBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethyl-2-methyl-n-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)imidazol-4-amine Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCNC1=CN=C(C)N1CC NCKVDOBFKXTTBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YZYIQUQCTDRNBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethyl-2-methyl-n-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)imidazol-4-amine Chemical compound CCN1C(C)=NC=C1NCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC YZYIQUQCTDRNBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGJMMXPWQLIGEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-diphenyl-n-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)imidazole-1-carboxamide Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCNC(=O)N1C=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 KGJMMXPWQLIGEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLMVBQJGKGFBMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-anilino-4-iodocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)-1-iodo-N-phenylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-amine Chemical compound IC1(C=CC(C=C1)=C1C=CC(NC2=CC=CC=C2)(C=C1)I)NC1=CC=CC=C1 VLMVBQJGKGFBMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMAFRHSHMGFCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,6-dimethyl-n-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)-2,4-dihydrobenzimidazole-1-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(C)=C(C)C=C2N(C(=O)NCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC)CN=C21 BMAFRHSHMGFCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VDIIQIABAKQDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-2-phenyl-n-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)-2,4-dihydroimidazole-3-carboxamide Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCNC(=O)N1CC(C)=NC1C1=CC=CC=C1 VDIIQIABAKQDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBXDPPAYJRYJSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-n-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)-2,4-dihydrobenzimidazole-1-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(C)=CC=C2N(C(=O)NCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC)CN=C21 LBXDPPAYJRYJSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LPHSHJZAXWCQLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-tert-butyl-2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxine Chemical compound O1CCOC2=C(C(C)(C)C)SC=C21 LPHSHJZAXWCQLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GBCDJOVOMSXBSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N IN(C1=CC=C(C2=CC=C(N(C3=CC=CC=C3)I)C=C2)C=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound IN(C1=CC=C(C2=CC=C(N(C3=CC=CC=C3)I)C=C2)C=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1 GBCDJOVOMSXBSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Imidazolium Chemical compound C1=C[NH+]=CN1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- GHSJKUNUIHUPDF-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-thialysine Chemical compound NCCSC[C@H](N)C(O)=O GHSJKUNUIHUPDF-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910013641 LiNbO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101100030361 Neurospora crassa (strain ATCC 24698 / 74-OR23-1A / CBS 708.71 / DSM 1257 / FGSC 987) pph-3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001609 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000220259 Raphanus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006140 Raphanus sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910002367 SrTiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PVBFXKMWPROGFI-UHFFFAOYSA-J [I-].[Zn+2].[Fe+2].[I-].[I-].[I-] Chemical compound [I-].[Zn+2].[Fe+2].[I-].[I-].[I-] PVBFXKMWPROGFI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- YIYFFLYGSHJWFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Zn].N1C(C=C2N=C(C=C3NC(=C4)C=C3)C=C2)=CC=C1C=C1C=CC4=N1 Chemical compound [Zn].N1C(C=C2N=C(C=C3NC(=C4)C=C3)C=C2)=CC=C1C=C1C=CC4=N1 YIYFFLYGSHJWFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940107816 ammonium iodide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004056 anthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000987 azo dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000981 basic dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004074 biphenyls Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006059 cover glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012776 electronic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000449 hafnium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(4+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Hf+4] WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical compound IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- KIQQAJNFBLKFPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;porphyrin-22,23-diide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[N-]1C(C=C2[N-]C(=CC3=NC(=C4)C=C3)C=C2)=CC=C1C=C1C=CC4=N1 KIQQAJNFBLKFPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- QKEOZZYXWAIQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-M mercury(1+);iodide Chemical compound [Hg]I QKEOZZYXWAIQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002082 metal nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M methylene blue Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960000907 methylthioninium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000001443 photoexcitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical class N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000003577 thiophenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BQXNHHMPWMFWSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[(2-ethyl-2,4-dihydroimidazol-3-yl)methyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CN1CC=NC1CC BQXNHHMPWMFWSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VDBMKOZPPUTNDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[(2-ethyl-5-methyl-2,4-dihydroimidazol-3-yl)methyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CN1CC(C)=NC1CC VDBMKOZPPUTNDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PHJCOBTUMBMKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[(2-methylbenzimidazol-1-yl)methyl]silane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(C[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC)C(C)=NC2=C1 PHJCOBTUMBMKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEBXFWDQMWSHDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[(5-methyl-2,7a-dihydrobenzimidazol-1-yl)methyl]silane Chemical compound C1=C(C)C=CC2N(C[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC)CN=C21 OEBXFWDQMWSHDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IXOASSJIGWHWCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[(5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydroimidazol-3-yl)methyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CN1CC(C)=NC1C1=CC=CC=C1 IXOASSJIGWHWCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YNBOLPHUEIGLRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[2-(2-ethyl-2,4-dihydroimidazol-3-yl)ethyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCN1CC=NC1CC YNBOLPHUEIGLRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTMNPEOIRAJDRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[2-(2-ethyl-4-methylimidazol-1-yl)ethyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCN1C=C(C)N=C1CC RTMNPEOIRAJDRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WAIPPMAVJSKQRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[3-(2-ethyl-4-methylimidazol-1-yl)propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN1C=C(C)N=C1CC WAIPPMAVJSKQRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NOZHFKMUQJVMEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[3-(2-ethyl-5-methyl-2,4-dihydroimidazol-3-yl)propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN1CC(C)=NC1CC NOZHFKMUQJVMEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQEKTJRBOAWIHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[3-(2-ethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)propyl]silane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(CCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC)C(CC)=NC2=C1 HQEKTJRBOAWIHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OVNLBKLUXZTMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[3-(5-methyl-2,7a-dihydrobenzimidazol-1-yl)propyl]silane Chemical compound C1=C(C)C=CC2N(CCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC)CN=C21 OVNLBKLUXZTMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRTMQOHKMFDUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N triiodide Chemical compound I[I-]I WRTMQOHKMFDUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QLNOVKKVHFRGMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(propyl)silane Chemical group [CH2]CC[Si](OC)(OC)OC QLNOVKKVHFRGMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUHAYEDICBVFJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[(5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydroimidazol-3-yl)methyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CN1CC(C)=NC1C1=CC=CC=C1 GUHAYEDICBVFJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXPKDYYHFKRRIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(2-methylbenzimidazol-1-yl)propyl]silane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(CCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC)C(C)=NC2=C1 WXPKDYYHFKRRIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NCHFQMZWCGBYRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(5-methyl-2,7a-dihydrobenzimidazol-1-yl)propyl]silane Chemical compound C1=C(C)C=CC2N(CCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC)CN=C21 NCHFQMZWCGBYRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNMOXPOYVYWKNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydroimidazol-3-yl)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCN1CC(C)=NC1C1=CC=CC=C1 RNMOXPOYVYWKNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2004—Light-sensitive devices characterised by the electrolyte, e.g. comprising an organic electrolyte
- H01G9/2013—Light-sensitive devices characterised by the electrolyte, e.g. comprising an organic electrolyte the electrolyte comprising ionic liquids, e.g. alkyl imidazolium iodide
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2004—Light-sensitive devices characterised by the electrolyte, e.g. comprising an organic electrolyte
- H01G9/2018—Light-sensitive devices characterised by the electrolyte, e.g. comprising an organic electrolyte characterised by the ionic charge transport species, e.g. redox shuttles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
본 발명은 정공 수송 화합물; 전기 색가변 광 결정성 화합물; 및 이온성 액체를 포함하는 색가변 염료 감응형 태양전지용 전해질 및 이를 포함하는 색가변 염료감응형 태양전지에 관한 것이다. 구체적으로는 내열성이 우수하고 라디칼 양이온이 용이하게 생성될 수 있는 정공수송화합물; 광 결정 (Photonic Crystal) 기반의 전기 색가변(Electrically Tunable Full-Color) 화합물; 및 안전성과 이온 전도성이 우수한 이온성 액체가 혼합된 전해질을 사용하므로, 안전성 및 에너지 효율이 높을 뿐만 아니라 창문의 열을 반사하거나 투과할 수 있게 하여 스마트 윈도우용으로도 사용 가능한 색가변 염료감응형 태양전지용 전해질 및 이를 포함하는 색가변 염료감응형 태양전지에 관한 것이다.
The present invention provides a hole transport compound; Electrochromic photonic crystalline compounds; And a color variable dye-sensitized solar cell electrolyte including an ionic liquid and a color variable dye-sensitized solar cell including the same. Specifically, a hole transport compound that is excellent in heat resistance and can easily generate radical cations; Electrically Tunable Full-Color Compounds Based on Photonic Crystal; And a color-tunable dye-sensitized solar system that can be used for smart windows because it uses an electrolyte mixed with an ionic liquid with excellent safety and ion conductivity, and can reflect or transmit heat of a window as well as providing high safety and energy efficiency. It relates to a battery electrolyte and a color variable dye-sensitized solar cell comprising the same.
화석연료의 고갈, 환경오염, CO2 및 SO2 발생 등으로 환경 및 에너지 문제로 인해 청정 및 대체에너지의 필요성 및 요구가 사회적으로 고조되고 있다. 이러한 에너지 가운데 태양에너지는 무한 청정 에너지로서 환경 친화적이며 세계 어느 곳에서나 사용이 가능하여 차세대 대체 에너지로서 각광받고 있다. 이러한 태양에너지를 이용하는 태양전지는 태양광을 전류(전압)으로 직접 변환할 수 있는 소자로서 기존의 무기물 반도체의 pn junction을 이용한 pn junction 태양전지외 저가의 유기태양전지 연구가 활발히 진행 중에 있다.Due to the depletion of fossil fuels, environmental pollution, and the generation of CO 2 and SO 2, the necessity and demand for clean and alternative energy are increasing socially due to environmental and energy problems. Among these energies, solar energy is endlessly clean energy, environmentally friendly, and can be used anywhere in the world. Solar cells using such solar energy is a device capable of directly converting sunlight into current (voltage), and research on low-cost organic solar cells in addition to pn junction solar cells using pn junctions of existing inorganic semiconductors is being actively conducted.
최초 개발된 액체 타입의 염료감응 태양전지는 전해액 누액 및 휘발, 약한 기계적 물성 등에 따라 나타나는 장기 안정성의 악화 등의 문제점을 가지고 있다. Liquid-type dye-sensitized solar cells developed for the first time have problems such as deterioration of long-term stability due to electrolyte leakage and volatilization, weak mechanical properties, and the like.
이러한 문제를 해결하기 위한 방법으로 고분자 고체 전해질, 겔전해질, 이온성 액체, 유기 정공수송체 등의 다양한 방법이 최근 개발되고 있다. In order to solve this problem, various methods such as a polymer solid electrolyte, a gel electrolyte, an ionic liquid, and an organic hole transporter have been recently developed.
그러나, 이온성 액체를 사용한 전해질은 상온 용융형이므로 점도가 매우 낮아서 실제 염료감응 태양전지 모듈 제작시 비휘발성 특성은 가지나 유동성 액체이므로 공정상 많은 문제점을 가지고 있다. 반면 유기 용매가 함유된 고분자 겔 전해질의 경우는 점도가 증가하여 유동성은 적으나 함유된 유기용매가 휘발성을 가지므로 장기 안정성이 떨어지게 된다.
However, since the electrolyte using the ionic liquid is a melting at room temperature, the viscosity is very low, and thus the non-volatile characteristics in manufacturing the dye-sensitized solar cell module have many problems in the process because they are branched or flowable liquids. On the other hand, in the case of the polymer gel electrolyte containing the organic solvent, the viscosity is increased and the fluidity is low, but the long-term stability is lowered because the organic solvent is volatile.
따라서 안전성을 확보하면서도 에너지 효율이 높은 전해질을 이용한 염료감응 태양전지와 함께 외부의 빛 및 열차단 능력을 동시에 가지면서 태양전지의 기능을 갖는 스마트 윈도우용 염료태양전지가 요구되고 있다.Therefore, a dye-sensitized solar cell for a smart window having the function of a solar cell while simultaneously having external light and heat shielding capability together with a dye-sensitized solar cell using an energy-efficient electrolyte while securing safety is required.
[선행기술][Prior technology]
대한민국특허공개 제10-2005-32245호Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2005-32245
본 발명의 목적은 내열성이 우수하고 라디칼 양이온이 용이하게 생성될 수 있으며, 안전성이 높고, 동시에 열을 반사하거나 투과할 수 있게 할 수 있는 기능을 갖는 색가변 염료감응형 태양전지용 전해질을 제공하는 것이다.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a color-variable dye-sensitized solar cell electrolyte having excellent heat resistance, easy generation of radical cations, high safety, and at the same time capable of reflecting or transmitting heat. .
본 발명의 또 다른 목적은 안전하면서도 효율이 높고, 광결정 화합물에 의해 제어 파장을 적외선까지 확장할 수 있어 창문의 열을 반사하거나, 투과할 수 있게 하는 기능을 동시에 갖는 색가변 염료감응형 태양전지를 제공하는 것이다.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a color-variable dye-sensitized solar cell which is safe and efficient, and has a function of allowing the control wavelength to be extended to infrared rays by a photonic crystal compound so as to reflect or transmit heat of a window. To provide.
상기 목적을 달성하기 위하여, 본 발명은 전기 색가변 광결정 화합물; 정공수송물질; 및 이온성 액체를 포함하며, 상기 정공수송물질은 트리페닐아민 또는 다이페닐벤지딘과 탄소수 1 내지 10의 알킬렌디옥시티오펜 유도체가 결합된 화합물인 색가변 염료감응형 태양전지용 전해질을 제공한다.In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is an electrochromic photonic crystal compound; Hole transport material; And an ionic liquid, wherein the hole transport material is a compound in which triphenylamine or diphenylbenzidine and an alkylenedioxythiophene derivative having 1 to 10 carbon atoms are combined to provide an electrolyte for color-variable dye-sensitized solar cells.
상기 전기 색가변 광결정 화합물은 광결정(Photonic Crystal) 기반의 전기 색가변(Electrically Tunable Full-Color)화합물을 의미한다.The electric color-variable photonic crystal compound refers to a photonic crystal-based electrically tuneable full-color compound.
본 발명의 일 실시예에 의하면, 상기 정공수송물질은 하기 화학식 1 또는 2로 표시되는 정공 수송 화합물일 수 있다.According to one embodiment of the present invention, the hole transport material may be a hole transport compound represented by the following formula (1) or (2).
상기 화학식 1에서 R1 내지 R3은 서로 동일하거나 독립적으로, 수소, 탄소수 6 내지 12의 아릴기, 탄소수 1 내지 10의 알케닐기, 또는 탄소수 1 내지 10의 알킬기이며, R 1 to R 3 in Formula 1 are the same as or independently of each other, hydrogen, an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms,
상기 화학식 2에서 R4 내지 R7은 서로 동일하거나 독립적으로, 수소, 탄소수 6 내지 12의 아릴기, 탄소수 1 내지 10의 알케닐기, 또는 탄소수 1 내지 10의 알킬기이다.In Formula 2, R 4 to R 7 are the same as or independently of each other, hydrogen, an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
본 발명의 일 실시예에 의하면, 상기 전기 색가변 광결정 화합물은 TiOx, AlOx, SiOx와 같이 자발 전기 분극은 없지만 외부전계에 의해 전기 분극이 일어나는 물질을 사용하거나, PbZrO3, PbTiO3, Pb(Zr, Ti)O3, SrTiO3, BaTiO3, (Ba, Sr)TiO3, CaTiO3, LiNbO3와 같은 강유전체(ferroelctric) 또는 초상유전체(superparaelectric)로서 자발 전기분극이 있어 외부전계에 비해 상대적으로 전기 분극 값이 높은 물질이다.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the electric color-variable photonic crystal compound does not have spontaneous electrical polarization such as TiOx, AlOx, SiOx, but uses a material in which electrical polarization occurs by an external electric field, or PbZrO 3 , PbTiO 3 , Pb (Zr Ferrolctric or superparaelectrics such as, Ti) O 3 , SrTiO 3 , BaTiO 3 , (Ba, Sr) TiO 3 , CaTiO 3 , LiNbO 3, and have a spontaneous electrical polarization which is relatively electric compared to an external electric field. It is a material with high polarization value.
본 발명에 따른 정공 수송 화합물 및 전기 색가변 광결정 화합물을 포함하는 염료감응형 태양전지용 전해질은, 안정성 및 신뢰성이 우수하면서도 우수한 효율과 색가변 효과를 얻을 수 있다.The dye-sensitized solar cell electrolyte including the hole transport compound and the electrochromic photonic crystal compound according to the present invention can obtain excellent efficiency and color variable effect while having excellent stability and reliability.
따라서 안전성을 확보하면서도 효율이 높은 염료감응 태양전지이면서 광결정 화합물에 의해 창문의 열을 반사하거나 투과할 수 있게 할 수 있는 기능을 동시에 갖는 색가변 염료감응형 태양전지를 제공할 수 있다.Therefore, it is possible to provide a color-variable dye-sensitized solar cell having a function of ensuring a high efficiency but also a highly efficient dye-sensitized solar cell that can reflect or transmit heat of a window by a photonic crystal compound.
따라서, 본 발명에 따른 태양전지는 스파트폰 등 다양한 응용기기 분야에 광범위하게 사용될 수 있다.
Therefore, the solar cell according to the present invention can be widely used in various application fields such as a spatphone.
도 1은 본 발명에 따른 전기 색가변 광 결정 화합물을 포함하는 전해질을 이용한 염료감응형 태양전지의 구조 및 도식도이다.1 is a structure and schematic diagram of a dye-sensitized solar cell using an electrolyte including an electrochromic variable photonic crystal compound according to the present invention.
이하, 본 발명을 보다 구체적으로 설명한다. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically.
본 발명은 전기 색가변 광결정 화합물; 정공 수송 화합물; 및 이온성 액체를 포함하며, 상기 정공 수송 화합물은 트리페닐아민 또는 다이페닐벤지딘과 탄소수 1 내지 10의 알킬렌디옥시티오펜 유도체가 결합된 화합물인 색가변 염료감응형 태양전지용 전해질을 제공한다.The present invention is an electrochromic photonic crystal compound; Hole transport compounds; And an ionic liquid, wherein the hole transport compound is a compound in which triphenylamine or diphenylbenzidine and an alkylenedioxythiophene derivative having 1 to 10 carbon atoms are combined to provide an electrolyte for color-variable dye-sensitized solar cells.
상기 정공 수송 물질은 태양전지용 전해질에 대하여 0.05M 내지 10M로 포함될 수 있다. 0.05M보다 적게 포함되면 상대적으로 이온성 액체가 많이 포함되어 전지의 효율이 감소하며 10M보다 많이 포함되면 전지의 안정성 및 신뢰성이 낮아진다.The hole transport material may be included in 0.05M to 10M with respect to the electrolyte for the solar cell. If less than 0.05M contains a relatively large amount of ionic liquid to reduce the efficiency of the battery, if more than 10M is included, the stability and reliability of the battery is lowered.
본 발명의 일 실시예에 의하면, 전기 색가변 광결정 화합물은 색가변 염료감응형 태양전지용 전해질 100 중량%에 대하여 5 ~ 40중량%로 포함하는 염료감응형 태양전지용 전해질을 제공한다.According to one embodiment of the present invention, the color-tunable photonic crystal compound provides a dye-sensitized solar cell electrolyte containing 5 to 40% by weight relative to 100% by weight of the color-variable dye-sensitized solar cell electrolyte.
5 중량%보다 적게 포함되면 색상 변환이 뚜렷하지 않으며, 40중량%보다 많이 포함되면 전지의 안정성, 신뢰성 및 효율이 낮아진다.If less than 5% by weight of the color conversion is not obvious, if more than 40% by weight, the stability, reliability and efficiency of the battery is lowered.
상기 이온성 액체는 태양전지용 전해질에 대하여 0.1M 내지 15M로 포함될 수 있다. 상기 범위 내에 포함되어야 적절한 점성으로 높은 효율을 얻을 수 있으며, 우수한 전기변색 효과를 얻을 수 있다.
The ionic liquid may be included in 0.1M to 15M relative to the electrolyte for solar cells. It should be included in the above range to obtain a high efficiency with an appropriate viscosity, it can be obtained an excellent electrochromic effect.
-정공 수송 물질-Hole transport material
본 발명에 따른 정공수송물질은 현재 가장 보편적으로 알려진 정공 수송 물질의 기본 골격인 아릴 아민에 비공유 전자쌍을 포함한 헤테로 방향족 화합물을 치환시켜서 새로운 티오펜이 치환된 아릴 아민 화합물이다.The hole transport material according to the present invention is an aryl amine compound in which a new thiophene is substituted by substituting a heteroaromatic compound containing a lone amine with an aryl amine which is the basic skeleton of the presently known hole transport material.
일 실시예에 의하면, 본 발명에 따른 정공수송물질은 트리페닐아민 또는 다이페닐벤지딘과 탄소수 1 내지 10의 알킬렌디옥시티오펜 유도체가 결합된 화합물이다. 본 발명에 따른 정공수송물질은 상기 헤테로 방향족 화합물에 포함된 다량의 비공유 전자쌍과 열안정성 그리고 아릴아민의 탁월한 정공 이동 능력이 합쳐져서 우수한 효과를 나타낼 수 있다.According to one embodiment, the hole transport material according to the present invention is a compound in which triphenylamine or diphenylbenzidine and an alkylenedioxythiophene derivative having 1 to 10 carbon atoms are combined. The hole transport material according to the present invention may exhibit an excellent effect by combining a large amount of unshared electron pairs, thermal stability, and the excellent hole transport ability of the arylamine included in the heteroaromatic compound.
본 발명의 일 실시예에서는, 상기 헤테로 방향족 고리 화합물로 EDOT(3,4-ethylenedioxythiphene)를 사용할 수 있다.In one embodiment of the present invention, EDOT (3,4-ethylenedioxythiphene) may be used as the heteroaromatic ring compound.
본 발명에 따른 정공 수송 화합물로서 상기 화학식 1의 화합물은 전자와 정공의 재결합에 의하여 여기자 형성에 필요한 정공을 전달하는 물질로서 상기 화학식 1의 기본 구조를 가지며, 특히 바람직하게는 상기 R1 내지 R3가 수소, tert-부틸, 페닐(phenyl), 나프탈렌(naphthalene) 기등으로 치환된 하기 화학식 3 내지 6의 구조를 가질 수 있다.As a hole transporting compound according to the present invention, the compound of Chemical Formula 1 has a basic structure of Chemical Formula 1 as a material for transferring holes required for exciton formation by recombination of electrons and holes, and particularly preferably R 1 To R 3 It may have a structure of Formula 3 to 6 substituted with hydrogen, tert-butyl, phenyl, naphthalene group.
또한, 본 발명에 의한 또 다른 구조의 정공 수송 화합물로는 상기 화학식 2의 기본 골격 중에서 하기 화학식 7 내지 9의 구조를 가질 수 있다.In addition, the hole transport compound of another structure according to the present invention may have a structure of the formula 7 to 9 in the basic skeleton of the formula (2).
본 발명에 따른 정공수송물질은 상기 화학식 1 또는 2의 화합물로부터 알 수 있는 바와 같이, 아릴 아민의 기본 골격에 비공유 전자쌍을 포함한 티오펜 유도체를 결합하여 보다 용이하게 전자를 제공함으로 정공 수송 기능을 향상시킬 수 있다.As can be seen from the compound of Formula 1 or 2, the hole transport material according to the present invention improves the hole transport function by providing electrons more easily by combining a thiophene derivative including a non-covalent electron pair to the basic skeleton of the aryl amine. You can.
또한, 티오펜 치환체를 적절하게 선정함으로써 원하는 물성, 즉 정확한 정공 주입/수송 특성을 얻을 수 있다. 예를 들어, 본 발명에 따른 정공 수송 물질은 헤테로 고리 화합물을 적절하게 선택 치환하여, 내열성 및 성막 가공성이 우수하여 염료감응형 태양전지의 안정성과 효율을 향상시킬 수 있는 염료감응형 태양전지를 제공할 수 있다. 뿐만 아니라, 정공 주입층의 전도성 고분자(예를 들어, PEDOT) 핵심 물질에 동일한 단분자 구조식인 헤테로 고리 화합물(예를 들어, EDOT)이 포함됨으로 TiO2 속에 내재되어 있는 산화된 염료의 전자 이동에 있어서 시너지 효과를 기대할 수 있다.
In addition, by appropriately selecting a thiophene substituent, desired physical properties, that is, accurate hole injection / transport characteristics can be obtained. For example, the hole transporting material according to the present invention provides a dye-sensitized solar cell that can be appropriately selected and substituted by a heterocyclic compound to improve the stability and efficiency of the dye-sensitized solar cell by excellent heat resistance and film forming processability. can do. In addition, a heterocyclic compound (e.g. EDOT), which has the same monomolecular structure, is included in the conductive polymer (e.g. PEDOT) core material of the hole injection layer and thus is used for electron transfer of the oxidized dye contained in TiO 2 Therefore, synergies can be expected.
- 전기 - Electricity 색가변Color change 광결정Photonic crystal 화합물 compound
본 발명에 의한 광결정(Photonic crystal) 화합물은 공간적으로 반복되는 미세한 구조체의 규칙적 배열에 의해 광밴드갭(photonic band gap)이 형성된 구조로, 외부 입사광 중 특정 파장만 반사되어 구조색(structure color)이라 명칭되는 특정색이 발현된다.The photonic crystal compound according to the present invention has a structure in which a photonic band gap is formed by a regular arrangement of spatially repeating fine structures, and only a specific wavelength of external incident light is reflected to give a structure color. The specific color named is expressed.
구조색은 광결정을 이루고 있는 미세격자의 크기, 간격, 구성물질의 굴절률 차이 등에 따라 변화하기 때문에 광결정을 구성하는 요소들을 외부 에너지를 이용하여 특성 조절이 가능하여 임의의 색상으로 반사광을 조절할 수 있는 색가변 소재(color tunable materials)로 응용가능하다.Since the structural color changes according to the size, spacing, and refractive index difference of the constituent microlattices, the elements constituting the photonic crystal can be controlled by using external energy to adjust the reflected light to any color. Applicable as color tunable materials.
하전 입자가 규칙적으로 배열하는 경우 특정 파장의 빛을 선택적으로 반사하는 구조체를 만들 수 있다. 이때 반사색은 물질의 굴절률, 입자 크기, 격자간격 등에 의해 결정되게 되므로, 이를 제어하는 경우 원하는 반사색을 갖는 광결정을 만들 수 있다.When charged particles are arranged regularly, a structure can be created that selectively reflects light of a particular wavelength. In this case, since the reflection color is determined by the refractive index of the material, the particle size, the lattice spacing, and the like, when it is controlled, a photo crystal having a desired reflection color can be made.
본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 전기 색가변 광결정 화합물은 금속입자, 폴리머 입자, 무기질입자, 반도체입자 혹은 이들의 화합물로 존재할 수 있다. 예를 들면, 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 입자는 실리콘(Si), 티타늄(Ti), 탄소(C), 바륨(Ba), 스트론륨(Sr), 철(Fe), 니켈(Ni), 코발트(Co), 납(Pb), 알루미늄(Al), 구리(Cu), 은(Ag), 금(Au), 텅스텐(W), 몰리브덴(Mo), 아연(Zn), 지르코늄(Zr) 등의 원소나 이들을 포함하는 화합물로 이루어질 수 있고, PS(polystyrene), PE(polyethylene), PP(polypropylene), PVC(polyvinyl chloride), PET(polyethylene terephtaate) 등의 고분자 물질로 이루어질 수 있다. 또한, 입자는 전하를 갖지 않는 혹은 클러스터(cluster)에 전하를 갖는 물질이 코팅된 형태로서 구성될 수도 있는데, 예를 들면 탄화수소기를 갖는 유기 화합물에 의하여 표며이 가공(혹은 코팅)된 입자, 카르복실산(carboxylic acid)기, 에스테르기(ester)기, 아실(acyl)기를 갖는 유기 화합물에 의해 표면이 가공(혹은 코팅)된 입자, 할로겐(F, Cl, Br, I 등) 원소를 포함하는 착화합물에 의하여 표면이 가공(코팅)된 입자, 아민(amine), 티올(thiol), 포스핀(phosphine)을 포함하는 배위화합물에 의하여 표면이 가공(코팅)된 입자, 표면에 라디칼을 형성함으로써 전하를 갖는 입자가 이에 해당될 수 있다.The electrochromic variable photonic crystal compound according to an embodiment of the present invention may be present as a metal particle, a polymer particle, an inorganic particle, a semiconductor particle, or a compound thereof. For example, the particles according to an embodiment of the present invention is silicon (Si), titanium (Ti), carbon (C), barium (Ba), strontium (Sr), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni) , Cobalt (Co), lead (Pb), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), gold (Au), tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), zinc (Zn), zirconium (Zr) It may be made of an element such as or a compound containing them, and may be made of a polymer material such as PS (polystyrene), PE (polyethylene), PP (polypropylene), PVC (polyvinyl chloride), PET (polyethylene terephtaate). In addition, the particles may be configured as a form in which a substance having no charge or having a charge in a cluster is coated, for example, a particle which is processed (or coated) by an organic compound having a hydrocarbon group, or carboxyl. Complex compounds containing halogen (F, Cl, Br, I, etc.) particles whose surface is processed (or coated) by organic compounds having acidic acid groups, ester groups, and acyl groups The surface is processed (coated) by the particles, the surface-treated (coated) particles by the coordination compound including the amine (thiol), phosphine (phosphine), the charge by forming a radical on the surface Particles having this may correspond.
또한, 본 발명에서는 포로스(porous)한 물질이나 공공(cavity)와 같이 용매에 비해 상대적으로 굴절률이 낮은 부위도 입자로 이해할 수 있고, 용매와 섞이지 않는 이종의 액체 형태의 물질도 입자로 이해할 수 있다. 또한, 본 발명의 입자로는 양자점(quantum dot)이나 형광물질들이 이용되어 광결정 효과외에 양자점 특성이나 형광특성이 혼합되어 사용될 수도 있다. 또한, 외부 자극(전기장, 자기장, 빛, 압력, 화학적 자극 등)에 따라 굴절률이 변화하는 물질을 입자로 사용하므로써, 입자의 배열에 의한 광 결정 효과외에 입자의 굴절률 변화에 따른 광결정 효과와 결합하여 이용할 수도 있다.In addition, in the present invention, a portion having a lower refractive index than a solvent, such as a porous material or a cavity, may be understood as particles, and a substance in a heterogeneous liquid form that is not mixed with a solvent may be understood as particles. . In addition, as the particles of the present invention, quantum dots or fluorescent materials may be used, and quantum dot characteristics or fluorescent characteristics may be mixed in addition to the photonic crystal effect. In addition, by using a material whose refractive index changes according to an external stimulus (electric field, magnetic field, light, pressure, chemical stimulus, etc.) as particles, in addition to the photonic crystal effect due to the arrangement of particles, It can also be used.
보다 구체적으로, 입자로는 TiOx, AlOx, SiOx와 같이 자발 전기 분극은 없지만 외부 전계에 의해 전기분극이 일어나는 물질을 사용하거나, PbZrO3, PbTiO3, Pb(Zr, Ti)O3, SrTiO3, BaTiO3, (Ba, Sr)TiO3, CaTiO3, LiNbO3와 같은 강유전체(ferroelectric) 혹은 초상유전체(superparaelectric)로서 자발 전기 분극이 있어 외부 전계에 비해 상대적으로 전기분극값이 높은 물질을 사용할 수 있다. 또한, 금(Au), 은(Ag)와 같은 금속은 외부 전계에 따라 전자들의 이동에 의한 전기분극특성이 아주 크기 때문에 금속 나노입자들은 본 발명의 적용에 효과적으로 이용할 수 있다.More specifically, as particles, there is no spontaneous electric polarization such as TiOx, AlOx, or SiOx, but a material in which electric polarization occurs by an external electric field is used, or PbZrO3, PbTiO3, Pb (Zr, Ti) O3, SrTiO3, BaTiO3, (Ba , Sr) TiO3, CaTiO3, LiNbO3, such as ferroelectric (superroelectric) or superparaelectric (superparaelectric) has a spontaneous electric polarization, it is possible to use a material having a higher electrical polarization value than the external electric field. In addition, since metals such as gold (Au) and silver (Ag) have very large electric polarization characteristics due to the movement of electrons according to an external electric field, metal nanoparticles can be effectively used in the application of the present invention.
본 발명에서는 상기 광결정 입자 및 용매는 광투과성 절연물질로 이루어진 복수의 캡슐로 캡슐화될 수 있다. 본 발명의 광결정 입자 및 용매를 캡슐화함으로써, 서로 다른 캡슐에 포함되는 입자 및 용매 사이에 혼입 등의 직접적인 간섭이 발생하는 것을 방지할 수 있고, 전하를 갖는 입자의 전기수력학적(ElectroHydroDynamic, EHD) 움직임으로 인하여, 입자의 배열 상태가 불균일하게 나타나는 것을 방지할 수 있고, 입자 및 용매의 밀봉(sealing)을 용이하게 하여 표시장치의 필름 형태로의 가공성을 향상시킬 수 있으며, 이에 따라 표시장치에 포함되는 입자 사이의 간격을 각 캡슐마다 독립적으로 제어할 수 있다.In the present invention, the photonic crystal particles and the solvent may be encapsulated in a plurality of capsules made of a light transmissive insulating material. By encapsulating the photonic crystal particles and the solvent of the present invention, direct interference such as incorporation between particles and solvents contained in different capsules can be prevented, and the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) movement of the charged particles can be prevented. Due to this, the arrangement of the particles can be prevented from appearing unevenly, and the sealing of the particles and the solvent can be facilitated, thereby improving the processability of the display device into the film form, thereby being included in the display device. The spacing between the particles can be controlled independently for each capsule.
본 발명과 같은 캡슐구조는 입자가 분산된 용액과 섞이지 않는 이종의 용액을 섞어 입자가 분산된 용액을 작은 물방울 형태로 제작한 뒤, 상기 용액간 계면 사이에 광투과성 물질로 캡슐화함으로써 캡슐을 형성하고, 형성된 캡슐을 적절한 바인더와 혼합하여 기판에 도포하고, 캡슐간 스스로 치밀하게 접촉(self-packing)되게 하여 제작할 수 있다.
The capsule structure as in the present invention is to form a capsule by mixing a heterogeneous solution that is not mixed with the dispersed solution of the particles to form a solution in which the particles are dispersed in the form of droplets, encapsulated with a light-transmitting material between the interface between the solution and In addition, the formed capsules may be mixed with an appropriate binder, applied to a substrate, and manufactured by intimately self-packing between capsules.
- 이온성 액체Ionic liquids
본 발명의 일 실시예에 따르면, 상기 이온성 액체는 특별하게 제한되는 것은 아니며, 예를 들어 요오다이드(I2)로부터 얻어지는 이미다졸요오다이드가 있다. 상기 이미다졸은 예를 들면, 1-메틸-3-프로필 이미다졸, 1-(3-트리에톡시실릴)프로필)-2-에틸-2,5-디하이드록시-1H-이미다졸, 2-에틸-2,5-디하이드로-1-(3-(트리메톡시 실릴)프로필)-1H-이미다졸, 1-(2-(트리에톡시실릴)에틸)-2-에틸-2,5-디하이드로-1H-이미다졸, 2-에틸-2,5-디하이드로-1-((트리메톡시실릴)메틸)-1H-이미다졸, 1-((트리에톡시실릴)메틸)-2-에틸-2,5-디하이드로-1H-이미다졸, 1-(3-(트리에톡시 실릴)프로필)-2-에틸-2,5-디하이드로-4-메틸-1H-이미다졸, 2-에틸-2,5-디하이드로-1-(3-(트리메톡시실릴)프로필)-4-메틸-1H-이미다졸, 1-(2-트리에톡시실릴)에틸)-2-에틸-2,5-디하이드로-4-메틸-1H-이미다졸, 2-에틸-2,5-디하이드로-1-((트리메톡시 실릴)메틸)-4-메틸-1H-이미다졸, 1-((트리에톡시실릴)메틸)-2-에틸-2,5-디하이드로 -4-메틸-1H-이미다졸, N-(3-트리에톡시실릴)프로필)-1-메틸-1H-이미다졸-5-아민, N-(3-(트리에톡시실릴)프로필)-2-페닐-2H-이미다졸-1(5H)-카르복사미드, N-(3-트리 메톡시실릴)프로필)-1-메틸-1H-이미다졸-5-아민, N-(3-(트리에톡시실릴)프로필)-5-메틸-2H-벤즈[d]이미다졸-1(4H)-카르복사미드, N-(3-(트리에톡시실릴)프로필)-4-메틸-2-페닐-2H-이미다졸-1(5H)-카르복사미드, N-(3-(트리에톡시실릴)프로필)-5,6-디메틸-2H-벤즈[d]이미다졸-1(4H)-카르복사미드, N-(3-(트리에톡시실릴)프로필)-4,5-디페닐-1H-이미다졸-1-카르복사미드, N-(3-(트리에톡시실릴)프로필)-2-메틸-2H-벤즈[d]이미다졸-1(4H)-카르복사미드, N-3-(트리에톡시실릴)프로필)-2-에틸-4-메틸-1H-이미다졸-1-카르복사미드, 1-(3-(트리에톡시실릴)프로필)-2,7a-디하이드로 -5-메틸-1H-벤즈[d]이미다졸, 2,7a-디하이드로-1-(3-(트리메톡시실릴)프로필)-5-메틸-1H-벤즈[d]이미다졸, 2,7a-디하이드로-1-((트리메톡시실릴)메틸)-5-메틸-1H-벤즈[d]이미다졸, 1-(2-(트리에톡시실릴)에틸)-2,7a-디하이드로-5-메틸-1H-벤즈[d] 이미다졸, 1-((트리에톡시실릴)메틸)-2,7a-디하이드로-5-메틸-1H-벤즈[d]이미다졸, 1-(3-트리에톡시실릴)프로필)-2,5-디하이드로-4-메틸-2-페닐-1H-이미다졸, 2,5-디하이드로-1-(3-(트리메톡시실릴)프로필)-4-메틸-2-페닐-1H-이미다졸, 2,5-디하이드로-1-((트리메톡시실릴)메틸)-4-메틸-2-페닐-1H-이미다졸, 1-(2-트리 에톡시실릴)에틸)-2,5-디하이드로-4-메틸-2-페닐-1H-이미다졸, 1-((트리에톡시 실릴)메틸)-2,5-디하이드로-4-메틸-2-페닐-1H-이미다졸, 1-(3-(트리에톡시실릴) 프로필)-2,4-디하이드로-5,6-디메틸-1H-벤즈[d]이미다졸, 2,4-디하이드로-1-(3-(트리메톡시실릴)프로필)-5,6-디메틸-1H-벤즈[d]이미다졸, 2,4-디하이드로-1-((트리메톡시실릴)메틸)-5,6-디메틸-1H-벤즈[d]이미다졸, 1-(2-(트리에톡시실릴) 에틸)-2,4-디하이드로-5,6-디메틸-1H-벤즈[d]이미다졸, 1-((트리에톡시실릴)메틸)-2,4-디하이드로-5,6-디메틸-1H-벤즈[d]이미다졸, 1-(3-(트리에톡시실릴)프로필)-4,5-디페닐-1H-이미다졸, 1-((트리메톡시실릴)메틸)-4,5-디페닐-1H-이미다졸, 1-(3-(트리메톡시실릴)프로필)-4,5-디페닐-1H-이미다졸, 1-(2-(트리에톡시실릴) 에틸)-4,5-디페닐-1H-이미다졸, 1-((트리에톡시실릴)메틸)-4,5-디페닐-1H-이미다졸, 1-(3-(트리에톡시실릴)프로필)-2-에틸-4-메틸-1H-이미다졸, 2-에틸-1-((트리메톡시 실릴)메틸)-4-메틸-1H-이미다졸, 2-에틸-1-(3-(트리메톡시실릴)프로필)-4-메틸-1H-이미다졸, 1-(2-(트리에톡시실릴)에틸)-2-에틸-4-메틸-1H-이미다졸, 1-((트리 에톡시실릴)메틸)-2-에틸-4-메틸-1H-이미다졸, 1-(3-(트리에톡시실릴)프로필)-2-에틸-1H-벤즈[d]이미다졸, 1-((트리메톡시실릴)메틸)-2-에틸-1H-벤즈[d]이미다졸, 1-(3-(트리메톡시실릴)프로필)-2-메틸-1H-벤즈[d]이미다졸, 1-(2-(트리에톡시실릴) 에틸)-2-메틸-1H-벤즈[d]이미다졸, 1-((트리에톡시실릴)메틸)-2-메틸-1H-벤즈[d] 이미다졸, N-(3-(트리에톡시실릴)프로필)-1-에틸-2-메틸-1H-이미다졸-5-아민, N-(3-(트리에톡시실릴)프로필)-1,2-디메틸-1H-이미다졸-5-아민, 1-에틸-N-(3-(트리 메톡시실릴)프로필)-2-메틸-1H-이미다졸-5-아민, N-(3-(트리메톡시실릴)프로필)-1,2-디메틸-1H-이미다졸-5-아민으로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 하나 이상을 사용할 수 있다.According to one embodiment of the present invention, the ionic liquid is not particularly limited, and there are, for example, imidazole iodides obtained from iodide (I2). The imidazole may be, for example, 1-methyl-3-propyl imidazole, 1- (3-triethoxysilyl) propyl) -2-ethyl-2,5-dihydroxy-1H-imidazole, 2- Ethyl-2,5-dihydro-1- (3- (trimethoxy silyl) propyl) -1H-imidazole, 1- (2- (triethoxysilyl) ethyl) -2-ethyl-2,5- Dihydro-1H-imidazole, 2-ethyl-2,5-dihydro-1-((trimethoxysilyl) methyl) -1H-imidazole, 1-((triethoxysilyl) methyl) -2- Ethyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole, 1- (3- (triethoxy silyl) propyl) -2-ethyl-2,5-dihydro-4-methyl-1H-imidazole, 2- Ethyl-2,5-dihydro-1- (3- (trimethoxysilyl) propyl) -4-methyl-1H-imidazole, 1- (2-triethoxysilyl) ethyl) -2-ethyl-2 , 5-dihydro-4-methyl-1H-imidazole, 2-ethyl-2,5-dihydro-1-((trimethoxy silyl) methyl) -4-methyl-1H-imidazole, 1- ( (Triethoxysilyl) methyl) -2-ethyl-2,5-dihydro-4-methyl-1H-imidazole, N- (3-triethoxysilyl) propyl) -1-methyl-1H-di Midazol-5-amine, N- (3- (triethoxysilyl) propyl) -2-phenyl-2H-imidazole-1 (5H) -carboxamide, N- (3-trimethoxysilyl) propyl ) -1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-5-amine, N- (3- (triethoxysilyl) propyl) -5-methyl-2H-benz [d] imidazole-1 (4H) -carboxamide , N- (3- (triethoxysilyl) propyl) -4-methyl-2-phenyl-2H-imidazole-1 (5H) -carboxamide, N- (3- (triethoxysilyl) propyl) -5,6-dimethyl-2H-benz [d] imidazole-1 (4H) -carboxamide, N- (3- (triethoxysilyl) propyl) -4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole -1-carboxamide, N- (3- (triethoxysilyl) propyl) -2-methyl-2H-benz [d] imidazole-1 (4H) -carboxamide, N-3- (trie Methoxysilyl) propyl) -2-ethyl-4-methyl-1H-imidazole-1-carboxamide, 1- (3- (triethoxysilyl) propyl) -2,7a-dihydro-5-methyl- 1H-benz [d] imidazole, 2,7a-dihydro-1- (3- (trimethoxysilyl) propyl) -5-methyl-1H-benz [d] imidazole, 2,7a-dihydro- 1-((trimethock Silyl) methyl) -5-methyl-1H-benz [d] imidazole, 1- (2- (triethoxysilyl) ethyl) -2,7a-dihydro-5-methyl-1H-benz [d] Dazole, 1-((triethoxysilyl) methyl) -2,7a-dihydro-5-methyl-1H-benz [d] imidazole, 1- (3-triethoxysilyl) propyl) -2,5 -Dihydro-4-methyl-2-phenyl-1H-imidazole, 2,5-dihydro-1- (3- (trimethoxysilyl) propyl) -4-methyl-2-phenyl-1H-imidazole , 2,5-dihydro-1-((trimethoxysilyl) methyl) -4-methyl-2-phenyl-1H-imidazole, 1- (2-triethoxysilyl) ethyl) -2,5- Dihydro-4-methyl-2-phenyl-1H-imidazole, 1-((triethoxy silyl) methyl) -2,5-dihydro-4-methyl-2-phenyl-1H-imidazole, 1- (3- (triethoxysilyl) propyl) -2,4-dihydro-5,6-dimethyl-1H-benz [d] imidazole, 2,4-dihydro-1- (3- (trimethoxy Silyl) propyl) -5,6-dimethyl-1H-benz [d] imidazole, 2,4-dihydro-1-((trimethoxysilyl) methyl) -5,6-dimethyl-1H-benz [d Imidazole, 1- (2- (trie Cylyl) ethyl) -2,4-dihydro-5,6-dimethyl-1H-benz [d] imidazole, 1-((triethoxysilyl) methyl) -2,4-dihydro-5,6 -Dimethyl-1H-benz [d] imidazole, 1- (3- (triethoxysilyl) propyl) -4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole, 1-((trimethoxysilyl) methyl)- 4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole, 1- (3- (trimethoxysilyl) propyl) -4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole, 1- (2- (triethoxysilyl) ethyl ) -4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole, 1-((triethoxysilyl) methyl) -4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole, 1- (3- (triethoxysilyl) propyl ) -2-ethyl-4-methyl-1H-imidazole, 2-ethyl-1-((trimethoxy silyl) methyl) -4-methyl-1H-imidazole, 2-ethyl-1- (3- ( Trimethoxysilyl) propyl) -4-methyl-1H-imidazole, 1- (2- (triethoxysilyl) ethyl) -2-ethyl-4-methyl-1H-imidazole, 1-((trie Methoxysilyl) methyl) -2-ethyl-4-methyl-1H-imidazole, 1- (3- (triethoxysilyl) propyl) -2-ethyl-1H-benz [d] imidazole, 1-(( Trimethoxysilyl) methyl) -2-ethyl-1H-benz [d ] Imidazole, 1- (3- (trimethoxysilyl) propyl) -2-methyl-1H-benz [d] imidazole, 1- (2- (triethoxysilyl) ethyl) -2-methyl-1H -Benz [d] imidazole, 1-((triethoxysilyl) methyl) -2-methyl-1H-benz [d] imidazole, N- (3- (triethoxysilyl) propyl) -1-ethyl 2-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-amine, N- (3- (triethoxysilyl) propyl) -1,2-dimethyl-1H-imidazol-5-amine, 1-ethyl-N- ( 3- (trimethoxysilyl) propyl) -2-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-amine, N- (3- (trimethoxysilyl) propyl) -1,2-dimethyl-1H-imidazole-5 One or more selected from the group consisting of amines can be used.
본 발명의 일 실시예에 의하면 상기 이온성 액체로는, 예를 들어 1-메틸-3-에틸 이미다졸륨 디시아나이드(1-methyl-3-ethyl imidazolium dicyanamide, EMIDCA), 1-에틸-3-메틸이미다졸륨 비스 트리플루오로메탄술폰 아미드(EMITFSA)[1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethanesulfone)amide] 등이 바람직하게 사용될 수 있다
According to one embodiment of the present invention, as the ionic liquid, for example, 1-methyl-3-ethyl imidazolium dicyanamide (EMIDCA), 1-ethyl-3- Methyl imidazolium bis trifluoromethanesulfone amide (EMITFSA) [1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethanesulfone) amide] and the like can be preferably used.
- 산화-환원 쌍-Redox pair
본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 태양전지용 전해질은, 산화-환원쌍을 더 포함한다. Solar cell electrolyte according to an embodiment of the present invention, further comprises an oxidation-reduction pair.
상기 산화/환원쌍은 요오드(I2)/요오드염으로 이루어질 수 있다. 상기 산화/환원쌍은 I- 및 I3- 이온은 요오드 및 요오드염으로부터 생성될 수 있고, I-및 I3-이온은 서로가 공존하면서 가역반응을 일으킨다.The oxidation / reduction pair may consist of iodine (I 2) / iodine salt. In the oxidation / reduction pair, I- and I3- ions may be generated from iodine and iodine salts, and I- and I3- ions coexist with each other to cause a reversible reaction.
상기 요오드염으로는 이에 제한되지는 않지만, 예를 들면 요오드화리튬, 요오드화나트륨, 요오드칼륨, 요오드화마그네슘, 요오드화구리, 요오드화규소, 요오드화망간, 요오드화바륨, 요오드화몰리브덴, 요오드화칼슘, 요오드화철, 요오드화세슘, 요오드화아연, 요오드화수은, 요오드화암모늄, 요오드화메틸, 요오드화메틸렌, 요오드화에틸, 요오드화에틸렌, 요오드화이소프로필, 요오드화이소부틸, 요오드화벤질, 요오드화벤조일, 요오드화알릴 요오드화이미다졸리움 및 요오드화 1-메틸-3-프로필이미다졸륨으로 이루어지는 군으로부터 선택될 수 있다.Examples of the iodide salt include, but are not limited to, lithium iodide, sodium iodide, potassium iodide, magnesium iodide, copper iodide, silicon iodide, manganese iodide, barium iodide, molybdenum iodide, calcium iodide, calcium iodide, and iron iodide Zinc Iodide, Mercury Iodide, Ammonium Iodide, Methyl Iodide, Methylene Iodide, Ethyl Iodide, Ethylene Iodide, Isopropyl Iodide, Isobutyl Iodide, Benzyl Iodide, Allyl Iodide Iodide Iodide and I-3-propyl Iodide It may be selected from the group consisting of imidazolium.
상기 요오드염은 태양전지용 전해질에 대하여 0.05M~10M로 포함될 수 있다. 만약 요오드염의 함량이 0.05M 미만인 경우에는 이온전도도가 감소하고, 10M를 초과하는 경우에는 이온간의 상호간섭 효과로 인해 점도가 높아짐으로 인하여 바람직하지 못하다.The iodine salt may be included in 0.05M ~ 10M with respect to the electrolyte for solar cells. If the content of the iodine salt is less than 0.05M ionic conductivity is reduced, if it exceeds 10M it is not preferable because the viscosity increases due to the mutual interference effect between the ions.
요오드의 함량은 요오드염 100 중량부를 기준으로 하여 1 내지 10 중량부인 것이 바람직하다. 만약 요오드의 함량이 1 중량부 미만인 경우에는 이온전도도가 감소하고 10 중량부를 초과하는 경우에는 I3-이온에 의한 전자재 결합의 가능성이 높아짐으로 인하여 바람직하지 못하다.
The content of iodine is preferably 1 to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the iodine salt. If the content of iodine is less than 1 part by weight, the ion conductivity decreases, and if it exceeds 10 parts by weight, it is not preferable because the possibility of electronic material bonding by I3-ion increases.
- 염료감응형 태양전지-Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell
이러한 본 발명의 실시예들에 따른 전해질을 구비한 염료감응 태양전지는 광전극, 전해질층 및 촉매전극(대향 전극)을 구비한다.
The dye-sensitized solar cell with an electrolyte according to the embodiments of the present invention includes a photoelectrode, an electrolyte layer, and a catalyst electrode (counter electrode).
상기 광전극은 기판 위에 전도성 물질이 코팅된 투명전극, 염료가 흡착된 금속산화물로 구성되는 금속산화물층으로 구성된다. 본 발명의 광전극에서는 기판 위에 전도성 물질이 코팅되어 투명전극이 형성된다. 상기 기판으로는 투명성을 갖고 있는 것이면 특별히 한정되지 않으며 석영 및 유리와 같은 투명 무기 기판 또는 폴리에틸렌테레프탈레이트 (PET; polyethylene terephthalate), 폴리에틸렌나프탈레이트(PEN; polyethylenenaphathalate), 폴리카보네이트, 폴리스티렌, 폴리프로필렌 등의 투명 플라스틱 기판을 사용할 수 있다.The photoelectrode includes a transparent electrode coated with a conductive material on a substrate, and a metal oxide layer including a metal oxide adsorbed with a dye. In the photoelectrode of the present invention, a conductive material is coated on a substrate to form a transparent electrode. The substrate is not particularly limited as long as it has transparency, and transparent inorganic substrates such as quartz and glass or polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylenenaphathalate (PEN), polycarbonate, polystyrene, polypropylene, etc. A transparent plastic substrate can be used.
또한, 상기 기판 상에 코팅되는 전도성 물질로는 인듐틴 옥사이드(ITO), 플로린 도핑된 틴 옥사이드(FTO), ZnOGa2O3, ZnO-Al2O3, SnO2-Sb2O3 등을 예로 들 수 있으나, 반드시 이들로 제한되는 것은 아니다.In addition, examples of the conductive material coated on the substrate include indium tin oxide (ITO), florine doped tin oxide (FTO), ZnOGa 2 O 3 , ZnO-Al 2 O 3 , SnO 2 -Sb 2 O 3 , and the like. However, it is not necessarily limited to these.
본 발명의 광전극에서 금속산화물층은 금속산화물과 금속산화물의 표면에 흡착된 염료로 구성된다. 이러한 금속산화물층은 고효율을 얻기 위해서 태양광 에너지를 최대한 많이 흡수하는 것이 필요하므로, 다공성의 금속산화물을 사용하여 표면을 확대시켜 그 내부에 염료를 흡착시킨다. 상기 금속산화물은 예를 들어 티타늄산화물, 텅스텐 산화물, 니오븀 산화물, 하프늄 산화물, 인듐 산화물, 주석 산화물 및 아연 산화물로 이루어진군에서 선택된 하나 이상을 사용할 수 있으나, 반드시 이들로 제한되는 것은 아니다. 상기 금속산화물들은 단독으로 사용되거나 또는 2 가지 이상 혼합하여 사용할 수 있다. 바람직한 금속산화물의 예로는 TiO2, SnO2, ZnO, WO3, Nb2O5, TiSrO3 등을 들 수 있고, 특히 바람직하게는 아나타제형의 TiO2가 좋다.In the photoelectrode of the present invention, the metal oxide layer is composed of a metal oxide and a dye adsorbed on the surface of the metal oxide. Since the metal oxide layer needs to absorb solar energy as much as possible in order to obtain high efficiency, the surface of the metal oxide is expanded by using a porous metal oxide to adsorb dye therein. The metal oxide may be, for example, one or more selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide, tungsten oxide, niobium oxide, hafnium oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide and zinc oxide, but is not necessarily limited thereto. The metal oxides may be used alone or in combination of two or more thereof. Examples of preferred metal oxides include TiO 2 , SnO 2 , ZnO, WO 3 , Nb 2 O 5 , TiSrO 3 , and the like, and particularly preferably anatase TiO 2 .
본 발명에서 염료로서는 태양전지 분야에서 일반적으로 사용되는 것이라면 아무 제한 없이 사용할 수 있으나, 루테늄 착물이 바람직하다. 전하 분리기능을 갖고 광감응 작용을 나타내는 것이면 특별히 한정되지 않으며, 루테늄 착물 이외에도 로다민 B, 로즈벤갈, 에오신, 에리스로신 등의 크산틴계 염료, 퀴노시아닌, 크립토시아닌 등의 시아닌계 염료, 페노사프라닌, 카르비블루, 티오신, 메틸렌블루 등의 염기성 염료, 클로로필, 아연 포르피린, 마그네슘 포르피린 등의 포르피린계 화합물, 기타 아조 염료, 프탈로시아닌 화합물, 루테늄 트리스비피리딜 등의 착화합물, 안트라퀴논계 염료, 다환퀴논계 염료 등을 들 수 있으며, 이들을 단독 또는 두 가지 이상 혼합하여 사용할 수 있다. 상기 루테늄 착물로서는 RuL2(SCN)2, RuL2(H2O)2, RuL3, RuL2 등을 사용할 수 있다(식 중, L은 2,2'-비피리딜-4,4'-디카르복실레이트 등을 나타낸다).In the present invention, if the dye is generally used in the solar cell field can be used without any limitation, ruthenium complex is preferred. It is not particularly limited as long as it has a charge separation function and exhibits photosensitive action. Basic dyes such as nosapranin, carbiblue, thiosine, methylene blue, porphyrin compounds such as chlorophyll, zinc porphyrin, magnesium porphyrin, other azo dyes, phthalocyanine compounds, complexes such as ruthenium trisbipyridyl, and anthraquinones Dyes, polycyclic quinone dyes, and the like, and these may be used alone or in combination of two or more thereof. As the ruthenium complex, RuL 2 (SCN) 2 , RuL 2 (H 2 O) 2 , RuL 3 , RuL 2 , and the like can be used (wherein L is 2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-). Dicarboxylate and the like).
상기 대향전극은 도전성 물질이면 어느 것이나 사용가능하나, 절연성 물질이라도 투명전극에 마주보고 있는 측에 도전층이 설치되어 있으면 이것도 사용가능하다. 단, 전기화학적으로 안정한 재료를 전극으로서 사용하는 것이 바람직하며, 구체적으로는 백금, 금 및 카본, 카본 나노튜브 등을 사용하는 것이 바람직하다. 또한, 산화 환원의 촉매 효과를 향상시킬 목적으로 투명전극과 마주보고 있는 측은 미세구조로 표면적이 증대되는 것이 바람직하며, 예를 들어 백금이면 백금흑 상태로, 카본이면 다공질 상태로 되어 있는 것이 바람직하다.
The counter electrode can be used as long as it is a conductive material. If the conductive material is provided on the side facing the transparent electrode, it can also be used. However, it is preferable to use an electrochemically stable material as an electrode, and it is preferable to use platinum, gold, carbon, carbon nanotube, etc. specifically ,. In addition, for the purpose of improving the catalytic effect of redox, the surface facing the transparent electrode is preferably microstructured, and the surface area is preferably increased. For example, platinum is preferably platinum black, and carbon is preferably porous.
본 발명에 따른 색가변 염료감응형 태양전지는 다음과 같이 동작한다. 금속 산화물층의 표면에 흡착된 염료가 투명전극을 투과하여 금속 산화물층에 입사한 빛을 흡수한다. 이와 같은 염료는 광을 흡수함으로써 기저상태에서 여기 상태로 전자 전이하여 전자-홀 쌍을 이루게 되며, 여기 상태의 전자는 상기 금속산화물의 전도대로 주입된 후 전극으로 이동하여 기전력을 발생하게 된다. 염료에서 광여기되어 발생된 전자가 금속산화물의 전도대로 이동하면, 전자를 잃은 염료는 전해질층의 홀 전달 물질로부터 전자를 제공 받아 원래의 기저 상태로 복원된다.The color variable dye-sensitized solar cell according to the present invention operates as follows. The dye adsorbed on the surface of the metal oxide layer penetrates the transparent electrode to absorb light incident on the metal oxide layer. Such a dye absorbs light to electron-transfer from a ground state to an excited state to form an electron-hole pair, and the electrons in the excited state are injected into a conduction band of the metal oxide and then move to an electrode to generate an electromotive force. When electrons generated by photo-excitation in the dye move to the conduction band of the metal oxide, the dye-lost dye receives electrons from the hole transport material of the electrolyte layer and is restored to its original ground state.
구체적으로는, 작동원리는 염료가 태양 빛(가시광선)을 흡수하면 전자-홀 쌍을 생성하고, 전자는 반도체 산화물의 전도띠로 주입된다. 반도체 산화물 전극으로 주입된 전자는 나노입자간 계면을 통하여 투명 전도성막으로 전달되어 광 전류 발생, 산화된 염료는 산화-환원 전해질과 정공수송 화합물에 의해 전자를 받아 다시 환원되어 염료감응 태양전지 작동 과정이 완선된다.Specifically, the principle of operation is that when the dye absorbs sunlight (visible light), electron-hole pairs are generated, and electrons are injected into the conduction band of the semiconductor oxide. Electrons injected into the semiconductor oxide electrode are transferred to the transparent conductive film through the interface between the nanoparticles to generate photocurrent, and the oxidized dye is received by the redox electrolyte and the hole transport compound and reduced again to operate the dye-sensitized solar cell. This is complete.
또한, 전압을 가하였을 때 색가변 광결정 화합물에 의해 제어 파장을 적외선까지 확장할 수 있어 창문의 빛 또는 열을 반사하거나 투과할 수 있게 하는 기능을 동시게 갖게된다.In addition, when a voltage is applied, the control wavelength can be extended to infrared rays by the color-tunable photonic crystal compound, thereby simultaneously having a function of reflecting or transmitting light or heat of a window.
이하 실시예를 통해 본 발명을 보다 상세히 설명한다. 하기 실시예들은 여러가지 다양한 형태로 변형될 수 있으며, 본 발명의 범위가 하기 실시예들로 한정되는 것은 아니다.
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples. The following examples may be modified in various forms, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
실시예Example 1 One
(1) 단계 1: (1) Step 1: 트리스(4-아이오도페닐)아민의Of tris (4-iodophenyl) amine 합성 synthesis
플라스크에 2.45g의 트리페닐아민, 3.32g의 아이오도칼륨, 2.14g의 칼륨퍼아이오다이드, 그리고 50mL의 초산을 넣은 후 환류(reflux)시킨다. 약 1시간 후 반응이 종결됨을 확인한 다음, 실온으로 서서히 냉각시켜준다. 반응 혼합물에 차가운 얼음물을 넣고 메틸렌클로라이드 100mL로 생성물을 추출한 다음 10% 티오황산나트륨 수용액으로 2-3회 수세한다. 용매를 진공에서 제거하면 흰색의 트리스(4-아이오도페닐)아민 고체가 생성된다(수율 약 70%).
2.45 g of triphenylamine, 3.32 g of potassium iodo, 2.14 g of potassium periodide, and 50 mL of acetic acid were added to the flask and refluxed. After about 1 hour, the reaction was terminated, and then slowly cooled to room temperature. Cold ice water is added to the reaction mixture, the product is extracted with 100 mL of methylene chloride, and then washed 2-3 times with 10% aqueous sodium thiosulfate solution. Removal of the solvent in vacuo yields a white tris (4-iodophenyl) amine solid (yield about 70%).
(2) 단계 2: 화학식 3으로 표시되는 정공 수송 화합물의 합성(2) Step 2: Synthesis of Hole Transport Compound of Formula 3
3,4-에틸렌디옥시티오펜 1.42g을 건조된 에테르에 용해한 후 0℃로 냉각시켜 준 다음 아르곤 가스로 내부를 채운다. 1.6M n-부틸리튬 7.5mL를 반응기 안으로 천천히 떨어뜨린다. 첨가가 끝난 후 0℃에서 10분간 더 교반시켜 준 다음 1.64g의 염화아연을 30mL의 테트라히드로푸란(THF)에 녹인 용액을 반응기 안으로 약 10분간 천천히 첨가한 후 상온으로 온도를 올린다. 상온에서 10분 더 교반시켜 준 다음 1.24g의 트리스(4-아이오도페닐)아민과 0.11g의 Pd(PPhh3)4를 첨가한 후 약 24시간 환류시킨다. 반응이 종결됨을 확인한 후 약한 염산 수용액을 첨가하여 반응을 종료시키고, 메틸렌클로라이드로 생성물을 추출한다. 물로 2-3차례 수세한 후 용매를 제거하고 100mL의 헥산을 첨가하여 노란색 고체를 추출한다. 컬럼 크로마토그래피로 정제하여 화학식 3으로 표시되는 정공수송화합물을 제조하였다.(수율은 75%)
1.42 g of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene is dissolved in dried ether, cooled to 0 ° C., and then filled with argon gas. 7.5 mL of 1.6 M n-butyllithium is slowly dropped into the reactor. After the addition, the solution was further stirred at 0 ° C. for 10 minutes, and then a solution of 1.64 g of zinc chloride dissolved in 30 mL of tetrahydrofuran (THF) was slowly added into the reactor for about 10 minutes, and then the temperature was raised to room temperature. After stirring for 10 minutes at room temperature, 1.24 g of tris (4-iodophenyl) amine and 0.11 g of Pd (PPhh 3 ) 4 were added and refluxed for about 24 hours. After confirming that the reaction is completed, the reaction is terminated by adding a weak aqueous hydrochloric acid solution, and the product is extracted with methylene chloride. After washing 2-3 times with water, the solvent was removed and 100 mL of hexane was added to extract the yellow solid. Purification by column chromatography to prepare a hole transport compound represented by the formula (3). (Yield 75%)
(3) 단계 3: 화학식 3으로 표시되는 (3) Step 3: represented by the formula (3) 정공수송Hole transport 화합물을 포함하는 Compound containing 색가변Color change 염료감응형 태양전지용 전해질Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Electrolyte
염료감응형 태양전지용 전해질은 1-메틸-3-프로필 이미다졸륨(1-methyl-3-propyl imidazolium iodide, PMII) 3 M, 1-메틸-3-에틸이미다졸리움 디시아마이드(1-methyl-3-Ethyl imidazolium Dicyanamide, EMIDCA) 5M에 산화/환원 쌍으로 LiI(Aldrich 제조) 0.1M, I2(Aldrich제조) 0.05M을 혼합한 전해질을 기본으로 하였고 첨가제인 1-methylbenzimidazole(Aldrich 제조) 0.5M 을 첨가하여 전해질을 형성한 후 여기에 상기 제조된 화학식 3으로 표시되는 정공수송화합물 1M을 첨가하여 정공수송화합물이 포함된 염료감응형 태양전지용 전해질을 제조하였다. 상기 제조된 전해질 100 중량%에 광 결정 화합물(ETX-ink, Nanobrick Co.) 20중량 %을 첨가하여 색가변 이온성 액체 전해질을 제조하였다.
The electrolyte for dye-sensitized solar cells is 1-methyl-3-propyl imidazolium iodide (PMII) 3 M, 1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium dicyamide (1-methyl- 3-Ethyl imidazolium Dicyanamide, EMIDCA) LiI (manufactured by Aldrich) 0.1M, I 2 (manufactured by Aldrich) as oxidation / reduction pair in 5M The electrolyte was mixed with 0.05 M as a base, and 0.5 M of an additive, 1-methylbenzimidazole (manufactured by Aldrich), was added to form an electrolyte, followed by adding 1 M of the hole transport compound represented by Chemical Formula 3 to the hole transport compound. An included dye-sensitized solar cell electrolyte was prepared. A color-variable ionic liquid electrolyte was prepared by adding 20 wt% of a photonic crystal compound (ETX-ink, Nanobrick Co.) to 100 wt% of the prepared electrolyte.
실시예Example 2 2
화학식 4로 표시되는 정공수송 화합물은 2-페닐-3,4-에틸렌디옥시티오펜을 사용하는 것을 제외하고는 실시예 1과 동일한 방법으로 제조되었다. 이어서, 실시예 1의 단계 3에서 화학식 3으로 표시되는 정공수송화합물 대신 화학식 4로 표시되는 정공수송 화합물을 사용하는 것을 제외하고는 실시예 1과 동일하게 하여 정공수송물질과 색가변 광결정 화합물이 포함된 색가변 염료감응형 태양전지용 전해질을 제조하였다.
The hole transport compound represented by Formula 4 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except for using 2-phenyl-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene. Subsequently, in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the hole transport compound represented by Formula 4 is used instead of the hole transport compound represented by Formula 3 in Step 3 of Example 1, the hole transport material and the color-variable photonic crystal compound are included. A color-variable dye-sensitized solar cell electrolyte was prepared.
실시예Example 3 3
화학식 5로 표시되는 화합물은 2-나프틸-3,4-에틸렌디옥시티오펜을 사용하여 실시예 1과 동일하게 합성되었다. 이어서, 실시예1의 단계 3에서 화학식 3으로 표시되는 정공수송화합물 대신에 화학식 5로 표시되는 정공수송 화합물을 사용하는 것을 제외하고는 실시예 1과 동일하게 하여 정공수송화합물과 광결정 화합물이 포함된 색가변 염료감응형 태양전지용 전해질을 제조하였다.
The compound represented by the formula (5) was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1 using 2-naphthyl-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene. Subsequently, in step 3 of Example 1, a hole transport compound and a photonic crystal compound were included in the same manner as in Example 1 except for using the hole transport compound represented by Formula 5 instead of the hole transport compound represented by Formula 3. A color-variable dye-sensitized solar cell electrolyte was prepared.
실시예Example 4 4
화학식 6으로 표시되는 화합물은 2-tert-부틸-3,4-에틸렌디옥시티오펜을 사용하여 실시예 1과 동일하게 합성되었다. 이어서, 실시예 1의 단계 3에서 화학식 3으로 표시되는 정공수송 화합물 대신 화학식 6으로 표시되는 정공수송물질을 사용하는 것을 제외하고는 실시예 1과 동일하게 제조하여 정공수송화합물과 광결정 화합물이 포함된 색가변 염료감응형 태양전지용 전해질을 제조하였다.
The compound represented by the formula (6) was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1 using 2-tert-butyl-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene. Subsequently, except that the hole transport material represented by the formula (6) instead of the hole transport compound represented by the formula (3) in step 3 of Example 1 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 containing a hole transport compound and a photonic crystal compound A color-variable dye-sensitized solar cell electrolyte was prepared.
실시예Example 5 5
(1) 단계 1: (1) Step 1: 다이페닐벤지딘(TPD)의Of diphenylbenzidine (TPD) 합성 synthesis
플라스크에 다이페닐아민(16.6g), 4,4'-다이아이오도바이페닐(10g), 1,10-펜안트롤린(1,10-phenanthroline)(0.84g), 촉매량의 염화구리, 그리고 자일렌(50mL)을 섞고 아르곤가스를 채워서 공기를 제거한다. 반응 혼합물을 천천히 가열하면서 모든 고체를 녹인 후 5.5g의 KOH를 넣어준 후 환류시킨다. 4시간 후 4g의 KOH를 더 넣어주고 환류 온도에서 10시간을 더 가열한다. 다이아이오도 바이페닐이 모두 사라지는 것을 확인한 후 반응을 종결시킨다. 증류수와 메틸렌클로라이드를 첨가하여 층 분리 후 유기층에 포함된 생성물을 추출한다. 물로 2-3차례 수세한 후 용매를 제거하고 칼럼 크로마토그래피로 정제하여 다이페닐벤지딘(수율: 80%)을 제조하였다.
In the flask, diphenylamine (16.6 g), 4,4'-diiodobiphenyl (10 g), 1,10-phenanthroline (1,10-phenanthroline) (0.84 g), catalytic amount of copper chloride, and xylene ( 50 mL) and fill with argon gas to remove air. The reaction mixture is slowly heated to dissolve all solids, and then 5.5g of KOH is added to reflux. After 4 hours, add 4 g of KOH and further heat at reflux for 10 hours. After the diiodo confirms that all of the biphenyls are gone, the reaction is terminated. Distilled water and methylene chloride were added to separate the layers and the product contained in the organic layer was extracted. After washing 2-3 times with water, the solvent was removed and purified by column chromatography to prepare diphenylbenzidine (yield: 80%).
(2) 단계 2: 4,4'-(2) Step 2: 4,4'- 다이아이오도다이페닐벤지딘의Of diiododiphenylbenzidine 합성 synthesis
위에서 제조된 다이페닐벤지딘(0.732g), KI(0.332g) 및 KIO3(0.214g)을 아세트산에 녹이고 아르곤 가스 보호 하에서 다이페닐벤지딘이 모두 사라질때까지 환류시킨다(약 5시간). 반응 종결 후 증류수와 메틸렌클로라이드를 첨가하여 층 분리 후 유기층에 포함된 생성물을 추출한다. 물로 2-3차례 수세한 후 용매를 제거한 후 칼럼 크로마토그래피로 분리한다.
Diphenylbenzidine (0.732 g), KI (0.332 g) and KIO 3 (0.214 g) prepared above were dissolved in acetic acid and refluxed (about 5 hours) until all of the diphenylbenzidine disappeared under argon gas protection. After completion of the reaction, distilled water and methylene chloride were added to separate the layers, and the product contained in the organic layer was extracted. After washing 2-3 times with water, the solvent was removed and separated by column chromatography.
(3) 단계 3: 화학식 7로 표시되는 (3) Step 3: represented by the formula (7) 정공수송Hole transport 화합물의 합성 Synthesis of compounds
3,4-에틸렌디옥시티오펜 1.77g과 건조된 에테르를 섞은 후 0℃로 냉각시켜 준 다음 아르곤 가스로 내부를 채운다. 1.6M n-부틸리튬 7.8mL를 반응기 안으로 천천히 첨가한 후, 0℃에서 10분간 교반시켜 준 다음 1.7g의 염화아연을 30mL의 테트라하이드로 푸란에 녹인 용액을 천천히 첨가한 후 상온으로 온도를 올린다. 상온에서 10분 추가로 교반시켜 준 다음 3.7g의 4,4'-다이아이오도다이페닐벤지딘 및 0.12g의 Pd(PPh3)4를 첨가한다. 반응 혼합물을 환류시키고 반응이 종결됨을 확인한 후 물과 메틸렌클로라이드를 첨가하여 반응을 종결시킨다. 유기 용매로 추출한 후 용매를 제거하고, 칼럼 크로마토그래피를 이용해 정제한다(수율: 70%).
1.77 g of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene and the dried ether are mixed, cooled to 0 ° C., and filled with argon gas. After slowly adding 7.8 mL of 1.6M n-butyllithium into the reactor, stirring at 0 ° C. for 10 minutes, slowly adding a solution of 1.7 g of zinc chloride in 30 mL of tetrahydrofuran, and then raising the temperature to room temperature. After stirring for 10 minutes at room temperature, 3.7 g of 4,4'-diiododiphenylbenzidine and 0.12 g of Pd (PPh3) 4 are added. After the reaction mixture is refluxed and confirmed that the reaction is terminated, the reaction is terminated by addition of water and methylene chloride. After extraction with organic solvent, the solvent is removed and purified by column chromatography (yield: 70%).
(4) 단계 4: 화학식 7로 표시되는 (4) Step 4: represented by the formula (7) 정공수송Hole transport 화합물을 포함하는 염료감응형 태양전지용 전해질의 제조 Preparation of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Electrolyte Containing Compound
실시예 1의 단계 3에서 화학식 3으로 표시되는 정공수송 화합물 대신 화학식 7로 표시되는 정공수송 화합물을 사용하는 것을 제외하고는 실시예 1과 동일하게 제조하여 정공수송 화합물이 포함된 염료감응형 태양전지용 전해질을 제조하였다.
Except for using the hole transport compound represented by the formula (7) instead of the hole transport compound represented by the formula (3) in Example 3 of Example 1 prepared for the dye-sensitized solar cell containing the hole transport compound An electrolyte was prepared.
실시예Example 6 6
화학식 8로 표시되는 화합물은 2-페닐-3,4-에틸렌디옥시티오펜을 사용하는 것을 제외하고는 실시예 5와 동일한 합성방법으로 제조하였다. 실시예1의 단계 3에서 화학식 3으로 표시되는 정공수송 화합물 대신 화학식 8로 표시되는 정공수송 화합물을 사용하는 것을 제외하고는 실시예 1과 동일하게 하여, 정공수송물질이 포함된 염료감응형 태양전지용 전해질을 제조하였다.
The compound represented by the formula (8) was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5 except for using 2-phenyl-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene. In the same manner as in Example 1 except for using the hole transport compound represented by the formula (8) instead of the hole transport compound represented by the formula (3) in Example 1, for a dye-sensitized solar cell containing a hole transport material An electrolyte was prepared.
실시예Example 7 7
화학식 9로 표시되는 화합물은 2-나프틸-3,4-에틸렌디옥시티오펜을 사용하는 것을 제외하고는 실시예 5와 동일한 합성 방법으로 제조하였다. 실시예 1의 단계 3에서 화학식 3으로 표시되는 정공수송 화합물 대신 화학식 9로 표시되는 정공수송 화합물을 사용하는 것을 제외하고는 실시예 1과 동일하게 하여 정공수송화합물이 포함된 염료감응형 태양전지용 전해질을 제조하였다.
The compound represented by the formula (9) was prepared by the same synthetic method as in Example 5 except for using 2-naphthyl-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene. A dye-sensitized solar cell electrolyte containing a hole transport compound in the same manner as in Example 1 except for using the hole transport compound represented by Formula 9 instead of the hole transport compound represented by Formula 3 in Step 3 of Example 1 Was prepared.
실시예Example 8 8
실시예 1의 단계3에서 광결정 화합물 대신 캡슐화된 광결정 화합물(ETX-cap, Nanobric. Co)을 사용하는 것을 제외하고는 동일하게 제조하여, 정공수송화합물과 광결정 화합물이 포함된 색가변 염료감응형 태양전지용 전해질을 제조하였다.
Except for using the encapsulated photonic crystal compound (ETX-cap, Nanobric. Co) instead of the photonic crystal compound in step 3 of Example 1, a color-variable dye-sensitized embodiment containing a hole transport compound and a photonic crystal compound A battery electrolyte was prepared.
비교예Comparative Example 1 One
요오드계 산화-환원 쌍을 갖고 이온성 액체를 기본으로 하는 액체 전해질로서, 1-메틸-3-프로필 이미다졸륨(1-methyl-3-propyl imidazolium iodide, PMII) 3 M, 1-메틸-3-에틸이미다졸리움 디시아마이드(1-methyl-3-Ethyl imidazolium Dicyanamide, EMIDCA) 5M에 산화/환원 쌍으로서, LiI(Aldrich 제조) 0.1M, I2(Aldrich제조) 0.05M을 혼합한 전해질을 기본으로 하였고 첨가제인 1-methylbenzimidazole(Aldrich 제조) 0.5M 을 첨가하여 전해질을 제조하였다. 상기 제조된 전해질 100 중량%에 광 결정 화합물(ETX-ink, Nanobrick Co.) 20중량 %을 첨가하여 색가변 염료감응형 태양전지용 전해질을 제조하였다.
Liquid electrolyte based on ionic liquids with iodine-based redox pairs, 1-methyl-3-propyl imidazolium iodide (PMII) 3 M, 1-methyl-3 Ethyl imidazolium dicyamide (1-methyl-3-Ethyl imidazolium Dicyanamide, EMIDCA) as an oxidation / reduction pair in 5M, LiI (manufactured by Aldrich) 0.1M, I 2 (manufactured by Aldrich) The electrolyte was prepared based on an electrolyte mixed with 0.05 M, and 0.5 M of an additive, 1-methylbenzimidazole (manufactured by Aldrich), was added. A color-variable dye-sensitized solar cell electrolyte was prepared by adding 20 wt% of a photonic crystal compound (ETX-ink, Nanobrick Co.) to 100 wt% of the prepared electrolyte.
비교예Comparative Example 2 2
1-메틸-3-프로필 이미다졸륨(1-methyl-3-propyl imidazolium iodide, PMII) 3 M, 1-메틸-3-에틸이미다졸리움 디시아마이드(1-methyl-3-Ethyl imidazolium Dicyanamide, EMIDCA) 5M에 산화/환원 쌍으로서 LiI(Aldrich 제조) 0.1M, I2(Aldrich제조) 0.05M을 혼합한 전해질을 기본으로 하였고 첨가제인 1-methylbenzimidazole(Aldrich 제조) 0.5M, 정공수송화합물인 다이페닐벤지딘(diphenylbenzidine: TPD) 1M 을 첨가하여 염료감응형 태양전지용전해질을 제조하였다.
1-methyl-3-propyl imidazolium (PMII) 3 M, 1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium dicyamide (1-methyl-3-Ethyl imidazolium Dicyanamide, EMIDCA ) LiI (manufactured by Aldrich) 0.1M, I 2 (manufactured by Aldrich) as an oxidation / reduction pair in 5M A dye-sensitized solar cell electrolyte was prepared by adding 0.05 M of an electrolyte mixed with 0.5 M, an additive of 1M methylbenzimidazole (manufactured by Aldrich), and 1 M of a diphenylbenzidine (TPD) as a hole transport compound.
<< 색가변Color change 염료감응형 태양전지의 제조> Fabrication of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells>
FTO Glass (4Cm*3Cm) 두 개를 준비하고. 에탄올 용매 사용하여 10분동안 초음파 세척후 질소 에어로 건조하였다. 한 개의 FTO 를 블레이드법으로 TiO2 코팅 하였다(12㎛).Prepare two FTO Glass (4Cm * 3Cm). After ultrasonic cleaning for 10 minutes using ethanol solvent and dried with nitrogen air. TiO 2 with one FTO blade method Coated (12 μm).
코팅된 FTO Glass를 500℃ 소성로에서 30분간 열처리하였다. The coated FTO Glass was heat-treated for 30 minutes in a 500 ℃ kiln.
이어서 상기 TiO2 코팅된 FTO 를 염료 흡착 하였다(에탄올 용매 in N719 0.3~0.5mM). 염료 흡착은 암실에서 상온 24시간 기판상에 흡착 시켰다(제조원 : solaronix사 N719).Then TiO 2 The coated FTO was dye adsorbed (ethanol solvent in N719 0.3-0.5 mM). Dye adsorption was adsorbed on the substrate for 24 hours at room temperature in the dark (manufactured by solaronix N719).
이와는 별도로 다른 하나의 FTO Glass에는 기판 표면상에 IPA 10mM Pt 용액 1~2방울 떨어트려 소성로 400℃에서 10~15분 열처리하여 촉매전극을 제조 하였다. 촉매전극에 전해질을 주입하기 위한 Hole Drilling 작업을 진행하였다.Apart from this, another FTO glass was prepared by dropping 1 ~ 2 drops of IPA 10mM Pt solution on the substrate surface and heat-treating at 400 ° C. for 10-15 minutes to prepare a catalyst electrode. Hole drilling was performed to inject the electrolyte into the catalyst electrode.
이어서 양극인 광전극과 촉매전극을 조립하였다. 양 전극을 조립할 경우에는 양극 및 음극에서 전도성 표면이 전지 내부로 오도록 하여 상기 광전극과 촉매전극이 서로 대항하도록 하였다. 이때 광전극과 촉매전극 사이에 SURLYN 으로 이루어지는 약 70마이크론 두께의 고분자 필름을 놓고 약 100 내지 140℃의 가열판 상에서 약 1~3기압으로 상기 두 전극을 밀착시켰다. 열 및 압력에 의하여 상기 고분자 필름이 두 전극의 표면에 밀착 되었다. 또한 전압을 통한 색가변을 위하여 양극과 음극에 전극을 연결하여 전압 조절을 할 수 있도록 하였다.Subsequently, a photoelectrode and a catalyst electrode, which are anodes, were assembled. In the case of assembling the positive electrode, the photoelectrode and the catalytic electrode were opposed to each other so that the conductive surfaces of the positive electrode and the negative electrode were brought into the cell. At this time, a polymer film having a thickness of about 70 microns made of SURLYN was placed between the photoelectrode and the catalyst electrode, and the two electrodes were brought into close contact with each other at about 1 to 3 atmospheres on a heating plate at about 100 to 140 ° C. The polymer film was in close contact with the surfaces of the two electrodes by heat and pressure. In addition, the voltage can be controlled by connecting the electrodes to the anode and cathode for color change through the voltage.
다음으로 상기 양극의 표면에 형성된 미세 구멍을 통하여 상기 두 전극 사이의 공간에 상기 실시예1내지 8, 비교예 1 내지 2 에서 제조된 색가변 전해질을 미세구멍에 주입후 커버 글라스와 SURLYN 을 사용하여 색가변 염료 감응 태양전지를 완성하였으며, 실험결과를 표 1에 나타내었다.Next, the color variable electrolyte prepared in Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2 was injected into the micropores through the micropores formed on the surface of the anode, and then the cover glass and SURLYN were used. Color-tunable dye-sensitized solar cells were completed, and the experimental results are shown in Table 1.
((
msms
/Of
cmcm
))
(유/무)(The presence or absence)
Voc: 회로가 개방된 상태, 즉 무한대의 임피던스가 걸린 상태에서 빛을 받을 때 태양전지의 양단에 형성되는 전위차를 말하며, 얻을 수 있는 최대한의 Voc 값은 p-type 반도체와 n-type 반도체 사이의 일함수값(work function)의 차이로 주어진다. 이 값은 반도체의 밴드갭에 의해 결정되므로 밴드갭이 큰 재료를 사용하면 높은 Voc값이 얻어진다.Voc: The potential difference that is formed at both ends of the solar cell when the circuit is open, that is, in an infinite impedance state, and the maximum Voc value that can be obtained is between the p-type semiconductor and the n-type semiconductor. It is given by the difference in work functions. Since this value is determined by the bandgap of the semiconductor, a high Voc value is obtained by using a material having a large bandgap.
Jsc: 회로가 단락된 상태, 즉 외부저항이 없는 상태에서 빛을 받았을 때 나타나는 역방향(음의 값)의 전류밀도이며, 우선적으로 입사광의 세기와 파장분포(spectral distribution)에 따라 달라지지만, 이러한 조건이 결정된 상태에서는 광흡수에 의해 여기된 전자와 정공이 재결합하여 손실되지 않고 얼마나 효과적으로 전지 내부에서 외부회로쪽으로 보내어지는가에 의존한다.Jsc: The current density in the reverse (negative value) that occurs when a circuit is shorted, that is, when there is no external resistance, and depends primarily on the intensity and spectral distribution of the incident light, but these conditions In this determined state, electrons and holes excited by light absorption do not recombine and are lost, but depend on how effectively they are sent from the inside of the cell to the external circuit.
FF: 최대 전력점에서의 전류밀도와 전압값의 곱(Vmp x Jmp)을 Voc와 Jsc의 곱으로 나눈 값이다 따라서 FF는 빛이 가해진 상태에서 J-V곡선의 모양이 사각형에 얼마나 가까운가를 나타내는 지표이다. FF: The product of the current density at the maximum power point and the voltage value (Vmp x Jmp) divided by the product of Voc and Jsc. .
태양전지의 효율: 전지에 의해 생산된 최대 전력과 입사광 에너지 Pin 사이의 비율이다.Efficiency of the solar cell: The ratio between the maximum power produced by the cell and the incident light energy pin.
표 1에 나타낸 결과로부터 알 수 있는 바와 같이, 이온성액체인, 1-메틸-3-프로필 이미다졸륨(1-methyl-3-propyl imidazolium iodide, PMII), 1-메틸-3-에틸이미다졸리움 디시아마이드(1-methyl-3-Ethyl imidazolium Dicyanamide, EMIDCA)만을 사용한 것 보다 본 발명에 따른 정공 수송 능력이 탁월한 정공수송 화합물을 포함하는 전해질을 사용시 단락전류(mA/cm2) 면에서 비교예에 비해 180% 향상된 값을 나타내었으며, 그 결과 에너지 변환 효율이 약 200% 증가한 것을 알 수 있다. 또한 광 결정 화합물을 상기 전해질에 포함함으로써 외부적 첨가된 보조 장치 없이 색가변을 할 수 있어 스마트 윈도우로써 기능을 갖출 수 있었다. 즉, 본 발명에 의하면 안전성을 확보하면서도 에너지 효율이 높고 색가변을 통한 스마트 윈도우용 염료감응 태양전지를 제공할 수 있다.As can be seen from the results shown in Table 1, 1-methyl-3-propyl imidazolium iodide (PMII) and 1-methyl-3-ethylimide are ionic liquids. Comparative example in terms of short-circuit current (mA / cm 2 ) when using an electrolyte containing a hole transport compound excellent in hole transporting ability according to the present invention than using only one of zolium dicyamide (1-methyl-3-Ethyl imidazolium Dicyanamide, EMIDCA) Compared to the present invention, a 180% improvement is obtained. As a result, the energy conversion efficiency is increased by about 200%. In addition, by including the photonic crystal compound in the electrolyte it was possible to change the color without an externally added auxiliary device was able to function as a smart window. That is, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a dye-sensitized solar cell for a smart window with high energy efficiency and color change while ensuring safety.
Claims (14)
정공수송물질; 및
이온성 액체;를 포함하고,
상기 정공수송물질이 트리페닐아민 또는 다이페닐벤지딘과, 탄소수 1 내지 10의 알킬렌디옥시티오펜 유도체가 결합된 화합물인 것을 특징으로 하는 색가변 염료감응형 태양전지용 전해질.Electrochromic photonic crystal compounds;
Hole transport material; And
An ionic liquid;
The hole transport material is triphenylamine or diphenylbenzidine, a compound having a C 1 to C 10 alkylene dioxythiophene derivative is combined, characterized in that the dye-sensitized solar cell electrolyte.
상기 정공수송물질이 하기 화학식 1 또는 2의 정공수송 화합물인 것을 특징으로 하는 색가변 염료감응형 태양전지용 전해질.
[화학식 1]
[화학식 2]
(상기 화학식 1에서, R1 내지 R3은 서로 동일하거나 독립적으로, 수소, 탄소수 6 내지 12의 아릴기, 탄소수 1 내지 10의 알케닐기, 또는 탄소수 1 내지 10의 알킬기이며,
상기 화학식 2에서, R4 내지 R7은 서로 동일하거나 독립적으로, 수소, 탄소수 6 내지 12의 아릴기, 탄소수 1 내지 10의 알케닐기, 또는 탄소수 1 내지 10의 알킬기이다.)The method of claim 1,
The hole transport material is a color-tunable dye-sensitized solar cell electrolyte, characterized in that the hole transport compound of formula (1) or (2).
[Formula 1]
(2)
(In Formula 1, R 1 to R 3 are the same as or independently of each other, hydrogen, an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms,
In Formula 2, R 4 to R 7 are the same as or independently of each other, hydrogen, an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.)
상기 정공수송화합물이 하기 화학식 3 내지 9 중 적어도 어느 하나의 화합물을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 색가변 염료감응형 태양전지용 전해질.
[화학식 3]
[화학식 4]
[화학식 5]
[화학식 6]
[화학식 7]
[화학식 8]
[화학식 9]
3. The method of claim 2,
The hole transport compound is a color-variable dye-sensitized solar cell electrolyte, characterized in that it comprises at least one compound of the following formulas 3 to 9.
(3)
[Chemical Formula 4]
[Chemical Formula 5]
[Chemical Formula 6]
(7)
[Chemical Formula 8]
[Chemical Formula 9]
상기 정공 수송 물질이 상기 염료 감응형 태양전지용 전해질에 대하여 0.05M 내지 10M로 포함되는 것을 특징으로 하는 색가변 염료감응형 태양전지용 전해질.The method of claim 1,
The hole-transfer material is a color variable dye-sensitized solar cell electrolyte, characterized in that contained in 0.05M to 10M relative to the dye-sensitized solar cell electrolyte.
상기 전기 색가변 광결정 화합물은 실리콘(Si), 티타늄(Ti), 탄소(C), 바륨(Ba), 스트론륨(Sr), 철(Fe), 니켈(Ni), 코발트(Co), 납(Pb), 알루미늄(Al), 구리(Cu), 은(Ag), 금(Au), 텅스텐(W), 몰리브덴(Mo), 아연(Zn) 및 지르코늄(Zr)으로부터 선택된 1종 이상 또는 이들을 포함하는 화합물;
PS(polystyrene), PE(polyethylene), PP(polypropylene), PVC(polyvinyl chloride) 및 PET(polyethylene terephtaate)로부터 선택된 1 종 이상의 고분자 물질; 또는
양자점(quantum dot)이나 형광물질;을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 색가변 염료감응형 태양전지용 전해질.The method of claim 1,
The electrochromic photonic crystal compound is silicon (Si), titanium (Ti), carbon (C), barium (Ba), strontium (Sr), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), lead One or more selected from (Pb), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), gold (Au), tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), zinc (Zn) and zirconium (Zr) Compound containing;
At least one polymer material selected from polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyethylene terephtaate (PET); or
Electrolyte for color-variable dye-sensitized solar cell, comprising a quantum dot or a fluorescent material.
상기 전기 색가변 광결정 화합물이 TiOx, AlOx, SiOx, PbZrO3, PbTiO3, Pb(Zr, Ti)O3, SrTiO3, BaTiO3, (Ba, Sr)TiO3, CaTiO3, LiNbO3, 금(Au) 및 은(Ag)으로부터 선택된 1종 이상인 물질을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 색가변 염료감응형 태양전지용 전해질.The method of claim 5,
The electrochromic photonic crystal compound is prepared from TiOx, AlOx, SiOx, PbZrO3, PbTiO3, Pb (Zr, Ti) O3, SrTiO3, BaTiO3, (Ba, Sr) TiO3, CaTiO3, LiNbO3, Gold (Au) and Silver (Ag). Electrolyte for color variable dye-sensitized solar cell, characterized in that it comprises at least one selected material.
상기 전기 색가변 광결정 화합물이 캡슐로 캡슐화된 것을 특징으로 하는 색가변 염료감응형 태양전지용 전해질.The method of claim 5,
The color variable dye-sensitized solar cell electrolyte, characterized in that the electrochromic compound is encapsulated in a capsule.
상기 전기 색가변 광결정 화합물이 상기 전해질 100 중량%에 대하여 5 내지 40중량%로 포함되는 것을 특징으로 하는 색가변 염료감응형 태양전지용 전해질.The method of claim 1,
The color variable dye-sensitized solar cell electrolyte, characterized in that the electric color-tunable photonic crystal compound is contained in 5 to 40% by weight based on 100% by weight of the electrolyte.
상기 염료 감응형 태양전지용 전해질이 요오드계 산화-환원쌍을 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 색가변 염료감응형 태양전지용 전해질.The method of claim 1,
The dye-sensitized solar cell electrolyte is a color variable dye-sensitized solar cell electrolyte, characterized in that it further comprises an iodine-based redox pair.
상기 요오드계 산화-환원쌍이 요도드(I2) 및 요오드염으로 이루어지며,
상기 요오드 염이 요오드화리튬, 요오드화나트륨, 요오드칼륨, 요오드화마그네슘, 요오드화구리, 요오드화규소, 요오드화망간, 요오드화바륨, 요오드화몰리브덴, 요오드화칼슘, 요오드화철, 요오드화세슘, 요오드화아연, 요오드화수은, 요오드화암모늄, 요오드화메틸, 요오드화메틸렌, 요오드화에틸, 요오드화에틸렌, 요오드화이소프로필, 요오드화이소부틸, 요오드화벤질, 요오드화벤조일, 요오드화알릴 요오드화이미다졸리움 및 요오드화 1-메틸-3-프로필이미다졸륨으로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 1종 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 색가변 염료감응형 태양전지용 전해질.The method according to claim 6,
The iodine-based redox pair consists of iodo (I2) and iodine salt,
The iodide salt is lithium iodide, sodium iodide, potassium iodide, magnesium iodide, copper iodide, silicon iodide, manganese iodide, barium iodide, molybdenum iodide, calcium iodide, iron iodide, cesium iodide, silver iodide, silver iodide, silver iodide 1 type selected from the group consisting of methyl, methylene iodide, ethyl iodide, ethylene iodide, isopropyl iodide, isopropyl iodide, benzyl iodide, benzoyl iodide, allyl iodide iodide iodide, and 1-methyl-3-propyl imidazolium iodide Color-variable dye-sensitized solar cell electrolyte characterized by the above.
상기 요오드염이 상기 염료감응형 태양전지용 전해질에 대하여 0.05M~10M로 포함되는 것을 특징으로 하는 색가변 염료감응형 태양전지용 전해질.The method of claim 10,
Electrolyte for color variable dye-sensitized solar cell, characterized in that the iodine salt is contained in 0.05M ~ 10M relative to the dye-sensitized solar cell electrolyte.
상기 요오드의 함량은 요오드염 100 중량부를 기준으로 하여 1 내지 10 중량부로 포함되는 것을 특징으로 하는 색가변 염료감응형 태양전지용 전해질.The method of claim 10,
The content of the iodine is a color variable dye-sensitized solar cell electrolyte, characterized in that it comprises 1 to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of iodine salt.
촉매전극; 및
제1항 내지 제12항 중 어느 한 항의 색가변 염료감응형 태양전지용 전해질;을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 색가변 염료감응형 태양전지.Photoelectrode;
Catalytic electrode; And
Color-variable dye-sensitized solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 12; Color variable dye-sensitized solar cell comprising a.
상기 색가변 염료감응형 태양전지가 스마트 윈도우용으로 사용되는 것을 특징으로 하는 색가변 염료감응형 태양전지.The method of claim 13,
The color variable dye-sensitized solar cell is a color variable dye-sensitized solar cell, characterized in that used for the smart window.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020120033630A KR20130111101A (en) | 2012-03-30 | 2012-03-30 | Electrolytes for a tunable full-color dye-sensitized solar cell and tunable full-color dye-sensitized solar cells using the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020120033630A KR20130111101A (en) | 2012-03-30 | 2012-03-30 | Electrolytes for a tunable full-color dye-sensitized solar cell and tunable full-color dye-sensitized solar cells using the same |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
KR20130111101A true KR20130111101A (en) | 2013-10-10 |
Family
ID=49632805
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020120033630A KR20130111101A (en) | 2012-03-30 | 2012-03-30 | Electrolytes for a tunable full-color dye-sensitized solar cell and tunable full-color dye-sensitized solar cells using the same |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
KR (1) | KR20130111101A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107749348A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-03-02 | 重庆科技学院 | A kind of ferroelectricity/TiO2Nanocrystalline Composite Films and preparation method thereof and the application in sensitization solar battery |
CN109096507A (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2018-12-28 | 浙江工业大学 | A kind of material and the preparation method and application thereof of the triphen amine derivant based on imidazole type ion liquid modification |
-
2012
- 2012-03-30 KR KR1020120033630A patent/KR20130111101A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107749348A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-03-02 | 重庆科技学院 | A kind of ferroelectricity/TiO2Nanocrystalline Composite Films and preparation method thereof and the application in sensitization solar battery |
CN109096507A (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2018-12-28 | 浙江工业大学 | A kind of material and the preparation method and application thereof of the triphen amine derivant based on imidazole type ion liquid modification |
CN109096507B (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2021-04-06 | 浙江工业大学 | Triphenylamine derivative material based on imidazole type ionic liquid modification and preparation method and application thereof |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP5023866B2 (en) | Dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion element, method for producing the same, and electronic device | |
US8487119B2 (en) | Organic sensitizers | |
JP5590025B2 (en) | PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION ELEMENT AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME | |
EP1981118A1 (en) | Dye sensitization photoelectric converter | |
JP5590026B2 (en) | PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION ELEMENT AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME | |
KR101587746B1 (en) | Pigment sensitization solar cell | |
KR20120034586A (en) | Dye-sensitized photoelectric converter, manufacturing method thereof, and electronic device | |
JP2012113942A (en) | Multilayer type photoelectric conversion element and manufacturing method thereof | |
JP4772192B2 (en) | Photoelectric conversion element, photovoltaic cell and complex dye | |
JP2008171812A (en) | Dye-sensitized solar battery using oligomer complex with ionic bond, and its manufacturing method | |
KR20130111101A (en) | Electrolytes for a tunable full-color dye-sensitized solar cell and tunable full-color dye-sensitized solar cells using the same | |
KR101597863B1 (en) | Fluorene derivatives and salts thereof | |
KR20100128094A (en) | Novel julolidine-based dye and preparation thereof | |
JP2007217581A (en) | Cyclic compound | |
JP2013058424A (en) | Photosensitizing dye, dye sensitized photoelectric conversion element, electronic apparatus and building | |
KR20120098260A (en) | Quasi-solid state electrolyte and dye-sensitized solar cell employing the same | |
JP2014007053A (en) | Functional device and manufacturing method therefor | |
KR20130111100A (en) | Electrolytes for a dye-sensitized solar cell and dye-sensitized solar cells using the same | |
JP6410669B2 (en) | Photoelectric conversion element, dye-sensitized solar cell, metal complex dye and dye solution | |
KR101633150B1 (en) | Fluorene derivatives and salts thereof | |
KR20120098259A (en) | New compound, its polymer, quasi-solid state electrolyte including the same and dye-sensitized solar cell employing the same |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A201 | Request for examination | ||
E902 | Notification of reason for refusal | ||
E601 | Decision to refuse application |