KR20010033101A - Free-cutting copper alloy - Google Patents

Abstract

본 발명의 쾌삭성 동합금은 아연의 함유량을 종래의 쾌삭성 동합금에 비해 대폭 절감시키면서, 공업적으로 충분히 만족할 수 있는 쾌삭성을 확보할 수 있는 것으로, 동 69∼79중량%, 규소 2.0∼4.0중량% 및 아연 0.02∼0.4중량%를 함유하고, 또한 잔부가 아연으로 이루어진 합금조성을 이루는 것이다.The high machinability copper alloy of the present invention can secure industrially satisfactory high machinability while significantly reducing the content of zinc compared to conventional high machinability copper alloys, and is 69-79 wt% of silicon and 2.0-4.0 wt. Of silicon. % And 0.02 to 0.4% by weight of zinc, and the balance forms an alloy composed of zinc.

Description

쾌삭성 동합금{FREE-CUTTING COPPER ALLOY}Free Cutting Copper Alloys {FREE-CUTTING COPPER ALLOY}

쾌삭성에 뛰어난 동합금으로서, 일반적으로, JIS H5111 BC6등의 청동계합금이나 JIS H3250-C3604, C3771등의 황동계합금이 알려지고 있다. 이들은 1.0∼6.0중량%정도의 납을 함유함으로써 쾌삭성을 향상시킨 것이며, 종래부터도, 절삭가공을 필요로 하는 각종제품(예컨대, 상수도용배관의 물마개금구, 급배수금구, 벨브등)의 구성재로서 중요하게 사용되어 왔다.Generally as a copper alloy excellent in free machinability, bronze alloys, such as JIS H5111 BC6, and brass alloys, such as JIS H3250-C3604, C3771, are known. They contain about 1.0 to 6.0% by weight of lead, which improves free machinability. Conventionally, components of various products (eg, water stoppers, water supply and drainage valves, valves, etc.) that require cutting are required. It has been used importantly.

그런데, 납은 메트릭스에 고용(固溶)되지 않고, 입자 상태로 되어 분산함으로써, 쾌삭성을 향상시키는 것이지만, 납함유량이 1중량%에 차지 않는 경우에는, 절단 가루가 도 1(D)과 같이 나선형상으로 연속된 상태로 생성되어 바이트(bit tool)에 얽혀 붙는 등의 여러가지의 문제점을 발생시킨다. 한편, 납함유량이 1.0중량%이상이면, 절삭저항의 경감등을 충분히 꾀할 수 있지만, 납함유량이 2.0중량%에 차지 않는 경우에는 절삭표면이 거칠게 된다. 따라서, 공업적으로 만족할 수 있는 쾌삭성을 확보하기 위해서는, 납함유량을 2.0중량%이상으로서 놓은 것이 보통이다. 일반적으로, 고도의 절삭가공이 요구되는 동합금전신재(展伸材)에 있어서는 약 3.0중량% 이상의 납이 함유되어 있고, 청동계의 주물에 있어서는 약 5중량%의 납이 함유되어 있다. 예컨대, 상기한 JIS H5111 BC6로서는 납함유량이 약 5.0중량%이다.By the way, lead is not dissolved in the matrix and is dispersed in the form of particles to improve free machinability. However, when lead content is not 1% by weight, the cut powder is as shown in Fig. 1 (D). It is created in a continuous state spirally, causing various problems such as being entangled in a bit tool. On the other hand, if the lead content is 1.0% by weight or more, the reduction of cutting resistance can be sufficiently achieved, but when the lead content is not more than 2.0% by weight, the cutting surface becomes rough. Therefore, in order to ensure industrially satisfactory high machinability, the lead content is usually set at 2.0% by weight or more. In general, about 3.0% by weight or more of lead is contained in a copper alloy extension material requiring high cutting, and about 5% by weight of lead is contained in bronze castings. For example, in the above JIS H5111 BC6, the lead content is about 5.0% by weight.

그러나, 납은 인체나 환경에 악영향을 끼치는 유해물질이므로, 근래에 있어서 그 용도가 대폭 제한되는 경향에 있다. 예컨대, 합금의 용해, 주조등의 고온작업때에 발생하는 금속증기에는 납성분이 포함되게 되어, 만약 음료수 등과의 접촉에 의해 물마개금구나 밸브 등으로부터 납성분이 용출하는 우려가 있어, 인체나 환경위생상 문제가 있다. 그래서, 근래, 미국 등의 선진국에서는 동합금에 있어서의 납함유량을 대폭 제한하는 경향에 있어, 우리나라에서도 납함유량을 가급적 저감한 쾌삭성동합금의 개발이 강하게 요청되어 있다.However, since lead is a harmful substance that adversely affects the human body or the environment, its use tends to be greatly limited in recent years. For example, the metal vapor generated during high temperature work such as melting or casting of alloys may contain lead components, and lead components may elute from water stoppers or valves by contact with drinking water. There is a hygiene problem. Therefore, in recent years, developed countries such as the United States tend to limit the lead content in copper alloys significantly. Therefore, there is a strong demand for development of a free cutting copper alloy in which lead content is reduced as much as possible in Korea.

본 발명은, 납성분을 거의 함유하지 않는 쾌삭성동합금에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a free cutting copper alloy containing almost no lead component.

도 1은, 만 막대장동합금의 표면을 선반으로 절삭한 경우에 생성하는 切層의 형태를 (보이다)가리키는 사팔뜨기도이다.Fig. 1 is a sapphire stitch that shows (shows) the shape of the fin generated when the surface of the bay rod copper alloy is cut by a lathe.

본 발명의 목적은, 쾌삭성 개선원소인 납의 함유량이 극히 미량(0.02∼0.4중량%)임에도 불구하고, 지극히 쾌삭성이 풍부한 것이고, 납을 대량에 함유하는 종래의 쾌삭성동합금의 대체재료로서 안전히 사용할 수 있는 것으로서, 절삭 가루의 재활용등을 포함해서 환경위생상의 문제가 전혀 없고, 납함유제품이 규제되고 있는 근래의 경향에 충분히 대응하는 것이 가능한 쾌삭성동합금을 제공하는 것에 있다.The object of the present invention is to be extremely rich in free machinability despite the extremely small amount of lead (0.02 to 0.4% by weight), which is an element for improving machinability, and to be safely used as a substitute material for conventional free machinability copper alloy containing a large amount of lead. It is possible to provide a free-cutting copper alloy which is free from environmental problems including recycling of cutting powder and can cope with recent trends in which lead-containing products are regulated.

본 발명의 다른 목적은, 쾌삭성에 더하여 내식성에도 뛰어 나는 것여, 내식성(耐蝕性)을 필요로 하는 절삭가공품, 주조품, 주물제품 등(예컨대, 급수마개, 급배수금구, 벨브, 스템(stem), 급탕배관부품, 샤프트, 열교환기부품 등)의 구성재로서 적합하게 사용할 수가 있는 것으로서, 실용적 가치가 극대되는 쾌삭성동합금을 제공하는 것에 있다.Another object of the present invention is to provide excellent corrosion resistance in addition to high machinability, cutting products, castings, cast products and the like requiring corrosion resistance (e.g., water stoppers, drainage valves, valves, stems, The present invention can be suitably used as a constituent material of hot water supply piping parts, shafts, heat exchanger parts, and the like, and is to provide a free-cutting copper alloy having a maximum practical value.

본 발명의 더욱 다른 목적은, 쾌삭성에 가하여 고력(高力)성, 내마모성에도 뛰어나는 것으로서, 고력성, 내마모성을 필요로 하는 절삭가공품, 단조(鍛造)품, 주물제품 등(예컨대, 축받이, 볼트, 너트, 부시, 톱니 바퀴, 미싱(sewing machine)부품, 유압부품 등)의 구성재로서 적합하게 사용할 수가 있는 것으로서, 실용적 가치가 극대되는 쾌삭성동합금을 제공하는 것에 있다.A further object of the present invention is to be excellent in high strength and wear resistance in addition to high machinability, and is required for cutting products, forgings, castings, etc. (eg, bearings, bolts, etc.) that require high strength and wear resistance. , Nuts, bushes, cog wheels, sewing machine parts, hydraulic parts, etc.), which can be suitably used, to provide a free-cutting copper alloy having a great practical value.

본 발명의 더욱 다른 목적은, 쾌삭성에 가하여 내고온산화성에도 뛰어 나는 것이고, 내고온산화성을 필요로 하는 절삭가공품, 단조품, 주물제품 등(예컨대, 석유·가스온풍 히터용 노즐, 버너헤드, 급탕기용 가스 노즐 등)의 구성재로서 적합하게 사용할 수가 있는 것으로서, 실용적 가치가 극대되는 쾌삭성동합금을 제공하는 것에 있다.A further object of the present invention is to be excellent in high temperature oxidation resistance in addition to high machinability, cutting products, forgings, casting products and the like requiring high temperature oxidation resistance (e.g. nozzles for oil and gas hot air heaters, burner heads, hot water heaters). The present invention can be suitably used as a constituent member of a gas nozzle or the like, and is to provide a free-cutting copper alloy having a maximum practical value.

본 발명은, 상기의 목적을 조성하도록, 다음과 같은 쾌삭성동합금을 제안한다.The present invention proposes the following high machinability copper alloy to achieve the above object.

즉, 제1발명에 있어서는, 쾌삭성에 뛰어난 동합금으로서, 동69∼79중량%와 규소2.0∼4.0중량9%와 납0.02∼0.4중량%를 함유하고, 또한 나머지 부분이 아연으로 이루어지는 합금조성을 갖는 쾌삭성동합금(이하 제1발명합금이라 칭함)을 제안한다.That is, in the first invention, as a copper alloy excellent in high machinability, a high machinability containing 69 to 79 wt% of copper, 2.0 to 4.0 wt% of silicon, and 0.02 to 0.4 wt% of lead, and the remaining portion is made of zinc. We propose a Sungdong alloy (hereinafter referred to as the first invention alloy).

납은 메트릭스에 고용되지 않고, 입자 상태로 되어 분산함으로써, 쾌삭성을 향상시키는 것이다. 한편, 규소는 전층조직중에 γ상(경우에 #따라서는 κ상)을 출현시키는 것에 의해, 쾌삭성을 개선하는 것이다. 이와 같이, 양자는 합금특성에 있어서의 기능을 전혀 달리하는 것이지만, 쾌삭성을 개선시키는 점에서는 공통한다. 이러한 점에 착안하여, 제1발명합금은, 규소를 첨가하는 것에 의해, 공업적으로 만족할 수 있는 쾌삭성을 확보하면서, 납함유량의 대폭적인 저감을 가능하게 한 것이다. 즉, 제1발명합금은 규소의 첨가에 의한 γ상 형성에 의해 쾌삭성을 개선한 것이다.Lead is not dissolved in the matrix and is dispersed in the form of particles to improve the free machinability. On the other hand, silicon improves the free machinability by the appearance of the gamma phase (in this case, the κ phase) in the entire structure. As described above, the two have different functions in alloy characteristics, but they are common in terms of improving the free machinability. With this in mind, the first invention alloy enables silicon to significantly reduce lead content while ensuring industrially satisfactory high machinability. That is, the first invention alloy improves the free machinability by forming the γ phase by addition of silicon.

그러나, 규소의 첨가량이 2.0중량%미만으로서는, 공업적으로 만족할 수 있는 쾌삭성을 확보하는 것에 충분한 γ상의 형성이 이루어지지 않는다. 또한, 쾌삭성은 규소첨가량의 증대에 따라 향상하지만, 4.0중량%을 넘어 첨가하더라도, 그 첨가량에 대응하는 쾌삭성 개선효과는 없다. 그런데, 규소는 융점이 높고 비중이 작은 이유로 다시 산화되기 쉽기 때문에, 합금용융시에 규소단체로 화로내에 투입하므로, 해당 규소가 탕면에 남다 동시에, 용융시에 산화되어 규소산화물 내지 산화규소로 되어, 규소함유동합금의 제조가 곤란하여 진다. 따라서, 규소함유동합금의 주괴제조에 있어서는, 보통, 규소첨가를 Cu-Si 합금으로 한 뒤에 하는 게 되어, 제조 비용이 비싸게 된다. 이러한 합금제조 비용을 고려한 경우에도, 쾌삭성개선효과가 포화상태로 되는 양(4.0중량%)을 넘어 규소를 첨가하는 것은 바람직하지 못하다. 또한, 실험에 의하면, 규소를 2.0~4.0중량% 첨가했을 때에 있어서, Cu-Zn계 합금 원래의 특성을 유지하기 위해서는, 아연함유량과의 관계도 고려한 경우, 동함유량은 69∼79중량%의 범위로서 놓는 것이 바람직한 것이 밝혀졌다. 이러한 이유로부터, 제1발명합금에 있어서는, 동 및 규소의 함유량을 각기 69∼79중량% 및 2.0∼4.0중량%로 했다. 또, 규소의 첨가에 의해, 쾌삭성이 개선되는 다른, 주조시의 주물성, 강도, 내마모성, 내응력부식할성, 내고온산화성도 개선된다. 또한, 연성, 내탈아연 부식성도 어느 정도 개선된다.However, when the addition amount of silicon is less than 2.0 weight%, the gamma phase sufficient to ensure industrially satisfactory high machinability is not formed. In addition, although the free machinability improves with the increase of the silicon addition amount, even if it exceeds 4.0 weight%, there is no effect of improving the free machinability corresponding to the addition amount. However, since silicon is easily oxidized again because of its high melting point and low specific gravity, silicon is introduced into the furnace at the time of alloy melting, so that the silicon remains on the water surface, and at the same time, it is oxidized at the time of melting to become silicon oxide or silicon oxide, The production of silicon-containing alloys becomes difficult. Therefore, in the production of ingots of silicon-containing copper alloys, the addition of silicon is usually performed after the addition of Cu-Si alloys, resulting in high manufacturing costs. Even in view of such an alloy production cost, it is not preferable to add silicon beyond the amount (4.0% by weight) in which the free machinability improvement effect becomes saturated. In addition, according to the experiment, when adding 2.0 to 4.0 weight% of silicon, in order to maintain the original characteristic of a Cu-Zn type alloy, when considering the relationship with zinc content, the copper content ranges from 69 to 79 weight%. It has been found to be desirable to set as. For this reason, in the first invention alloy, the contents of copper and silicon were set to 69 to 79 wt% and 2.0 to 4.0 wt%, respectively. In addition, the addition of silicon also improves the casting property, strength, wear resistance, stress corrosion resistance, and high temperature oxidation resistance at the time of casting, in which the free machinability is improved. In addition, the ductility and dezincing corrosion resistance are also improved to some extent.

한편, 납의 첨가량는, 다음 이유로부터 0.02∼0.4중량%로 했다. 즉, 제1발명합금으로서는, 상기한 같은 기능을 갖는 규소를 첨가한 것에 의해, 납첨가량을 저감하더라도 쾌삭성을 확보할 수 있지만, 특히, 종래의 쾌삭성동합금보다 뛰어난 쾌삭성을 얻기 위해서는, 납을 0.02중량%이상 첨가해야 한다. 그러나, 납첨가량이 0.4중량%를 넘으면, 도리어 절삭표면이 거칠게 되는 동시에, 열간(熟間)에서의 가공성(예컨대, 단조성)이 악화되어, 냉간(冷間)에서의 연성도 저하한다. 그리고, 납첨가량이 0.4중량%이하의 미량이면, 우리나라를 포함한 선진각국에서 가까운 장래 제정될 납함유량규제가 엄격하더라도, 그 규제를 충분히 통과할 수가 있다고 생각된다. 또, 후술하는 제2∼제11발명합금에 있어서도, 상기한 이유로부터, 납의 첨가량은 0.02∼0.4중량%으로 되어 있다.In addition, the addition amount of lead was made into 0.02-0.4 weight% for the following reason. In other words, as the first invention alloy, silicon having the same function as described above is added, so that the machinability can be ensured even if the amount of lead addition is reduced. In particular, in order to obtain the machinability superior to the conventional machinability copper alloy, Should be added at least 0.02% by weight. However, when the amount of lead addition exceeds 0.4% by weight, the cutting surface becomes rough, and workability (for example, forging) in hot is deteriorated, and ductility in cold is also reduced. If the lead addition amount is less than 0.4% by weight, it is considered that even if the lead content regulation to be enacted in advanced countries including Korea is strict, the regulation can be sufficiently passed. Also in the second to eleventh invention alloys to be described later, the amount of lead added is 0.02 to 0.4% by weight from the above reason.

또한, 제2발명에 있어서는, 같이 쾌삭성에 뛰어난 동합금으로서, 동69∼79중량%와, 규소2.0∼4.0중량%와, 납0.02∼0.4중량%와, 비스무스0.02∼0.4중량%, 텔루르0.02∼0.4중량% 및 셀렌0.02∼0.4중량%로부터 선택된 1종의 원소를 함유하여, 또한 나머지 부분이 아연으로 이루어지는 합금조성을 이루는 쾌삭성동합금(이하 제2발명합금이라 칭함)를 제안한다.In addition, in the second invention, as the copper alloy excellent in the high machinability, 69 to 79% by weight, 2.0 to 4.0% by weight of silicon, 0.02 to 0.4% by weight of lead, 0.02 to 0.4% by weight of bismuth, and 0.02 to 0.4 of tellurium A free-cutting copper alloy (hereinafter referred to as a second invention alloy) containing one element selected from the weight% and the selenium from 0.02 to 0.4% by weight and which forms the alloy composition of which the remaining part is made of zinc is proposed.

즉, 제2발명합금은, 제1발명합금에 비스무스0.02∼0.4중량%, 텔루르0.02∼0.4중량% 및 셀렌0.02∼0.4중량%의 하나를 더욱 함유시킨 합금조성을 이루는 것이다.In other words, the second invention alloy forms an alloy composition in which one of the first invention alloy further contains bismuth 0.02 to 0.4% by weight, tellurium 0.02 to 0.4% by weight and selenium 0.02 to 0.4% by weight.

비스무스, 텔루르 또는 셀렌은, 납과 같이, 메트릭스에 고용하지 않고, 입자상태로 되어 분산함으로써, 쾌삭성을 향상시키는 기능을 발휘하는 것이고, 납의 첨가량부족을 보충할 수 있는 것이다. 따라서, 이것들 중 어떤것을 규소 및 납과 함께 첨가시키면, 규소 및 납의 첨가에 의한 쾌삭성개선한도를 넘어 쾌삭성을 더욱 향상시키는 것이 가능해진다. 제2발명합금으로서는, 이러한 점에 착안하여, 제1발명합금에 있어서의 쾌삭성을 더욱 개선하도록, 비스무스, 텔루르 및 셀렌중의 1개를 첨가시키는 것으로 했다. 특히, 규소 및 납에 더하여 비스무스, 텔루르 또는 셀렌을 첨가하는 것에 의해, 복잡한 형상을 고속으로 절삭가공하는 경우에도, 고도의 쾌삭성을 발휘한다. 그러나, 비스무스, 텔루르 또는 셀렌의 첨가에 의한 쾌삭성 향상효과는, 각각의 첨가량이 0.02중량%미만으로서는 발휘되지 않는다. 한편, 이들은 동에 비하여 비싼 것이므로, 0.4중량%을 넘어 첨가하더라도, 쾌삭성은 약간 첨가량의 증가에 따라 향상하지만, 경제적으로 첨가량에 적당하는 정도의 효과는 인정을 받지 않는다. 또한, 첨가량이 0.4중량%를 넘으면, 열간에서의 가공성(예컨대, 단조성등)이 악화되고, 냉간에서의 가공성(연성)도 저하한다. 더구나, 비스무스 등의 중금속에 관해서 가령 납같은 문제가 생길 가능성이 있었다고해도, 0.4중량% 이하의 미량첨가이면, 각별한 문제를 생기는 우려가 없다고 생각된다. 이와같은 점에서, 제2발명합금으로서는, 비스무스, 텔루르 또는 셀렌의 첨가량을 0.02∼0.4중량%으로 했다. 또, 납과 비스무스, 텔루르 또는 셀렌을 함께 첨가시키는 경우, 양자의 합계 첨가량은 0.4중량%이하로 되도록 해 두는 것이 바람직하다. 확실히, 합계첨가량이 0.4중량%를 약간이라도 넘으면, 그것들의 단독첨가량이 0.4중량%를 넘는 경우 만큼(정도)은 아니지만, 열간에서의 가공성이나 냉간에서의 연성이 저하하기 시작하여, 혹은# 절삭 가루형태가 도 1(B)부터 동도(A)로 이행하는 우려가 있기# 때문이다., 비스무스, 텔루르 또는 셀렌은 상기한 如규소와 다른 기능에 의해 쾌삭성을 향상시키는 것이므로, 이것들의 첨가에 의해 동 및 규소의 적정함유량은 영향되지 않는다. 따라서, 제2발명합금에 있어서의 동 및 규소의 함유량은 제1발명합금과 동일하게 했다.Bismuth, tellurium, or selenium, like lead, disperse in a matrix and disperse into particles, exhibiting a function of improving free machinability, and being capable of supplementing a shortage of lead. Therefore, when any of these is added together with silicon and lead, it becomes possible to further improve the free machinability beyond the free machinability improvement limit due to the addition of silicon and lead. As the second invention alloy, in view of these points, one of bismuth, tellurium and selenium is added to further improve the machinability in the first invention alloy. In particular, by adding bismuth, tellurium, or selenium in addition to silicon and lead, even when cutting a complicated shape at high speed, high free cutting property is exhibited. However, the free machinability improvement effect by addition of bismuth, tellurium, or selenium is not exhibited when each addition amount is less than 0.02 weight%. On the other hand, since these are more expensive than copper, even if added over 0.4% by weight, the free machinability is improved by increasing the amount of addition slightly, but the effect of the degree that is suitable for the amount of addition economically is not recognized. Moreover, when addition amount exceeds 0.4 weight%, workability in hotness (for example, forging etc.) will worsen, and workability in coldness (ductility) will also fall. In addition, even if there is a possibility that a lead-like problem may occur with respect to heavy metals such as bismuth, if there is a minor addition of 0.4% by weight or less, there is no concern that a particular problem may occur. In this regard, as the second invention alloy, the addition amount of bismuth, tellurium or selenium was 0.02 to 0.4% by weight. In addition, when lead, bismuth, tellurium, or selenium are added together, it is preferable that the total addition amount of both be 0.4% by weight or less. To be sure, if the total addition amount slightly exceeds 0.4% by weight, it is not as good as the case where the single addition amount exceeds 0.4% by weight, but the workability in hot or cold ductility starts to decrease, or the # cutting powder It is because there exists a possibility that a form may move to FIG. 1 (A) from FIG. 1 (B). , Bismuth, tellurium or selenium are the above 如 Since the free machinability is improved by a function different from silicon, the proper content of copper and silicon is not affected by these additions. Therefore, the content of copper and silicon in the second invention alloy was the same as that of the first invention alloy.

또한, 제3발명에 있어서는, 같이 쾌삭성이 뛰어난 동합금으로서, 동70∼80중량%와, 규소1.8∼3.5중량%와, 납0.02∼0.4중량%와, 녹0.3∼3.5중량%, 알루미늄1.0∼3.5중량%및 인0.02∼0.25중량%으로부터 선택된 1종이상의 원소를 함유하여, 또한 나머지 부분이 아연으로 이루어지는 합금조성을쾌삭성동합금(이하 r 제3발명합금」(라)고 한다)를 제안한다.Further, in the third invention, as the copper alloy excellent in high machinability, 70 to 80 wt% of copper, 1.8 to 3.5 wt% of silicon, 0.02 to 0.4 wt% of lead, 0.3 to 3.5 wt% of rust, and 1.0 to aluminum An alloy composition containing at least one element selected from 3.5% by weight and phosphorus from 0.02 to 0.25% by weight and the remaining part is made of zinc A free cutting copper alloy (hereinafter referred to as r third invention alloy) is proposed.

석은, Cu 제일 Zh 계합금에 첨가한 경우, 규소와 같이, γ상을 형성하여 쾌삭성을 향상시키는 것이다. 예컨대, 석은, 58∼70중량%의 Cu를 함유하는 Cu-Zn 계합금에 있어서 1.8∼4.0중량%첨가시키는 것에 의해, 규소가 첨가되어, 양호한 쾌삭성을 (보이다)가리킨다. 따라서, Cu 제일 Si-Zn 계합금에 조카를 첨가시키는 것에 의해, γ상의 형성을 촉진시키는 수 있어, Cu 제일 Si 제일 Z 1♀계합금의 쾌삭성을 더욱 향상시킬 수 있다. 조카에 의한 γ상의 形成宇 1.0중량%이상으로 행하여지고, 3.5중량%에 달하면(니) 포화상태가(로) 된다. 또, 전의 첨가량이 3.5중량%를 넘으면(니) , γ상의 형성효과가 포화상태가(로) 되는 것뿐만아니라, 도리어 연성이 저하한다. 또한, 석의 첨가량이 1.0중량%미만으로서는 γ상의 형성효과가 적지만, 첨가량이 0.3중량%이상이면, 규소에 의해 형성되는 γ상을 분산시켜 균일화시키는 효과가 있어, 이러한 γ상의 분산효과에 의해서도 쾌삭성이 개선된다. ·즉, 조카의 첨가량이 0.3중량%이상이면, 그 첨가에 의해 쾌삭성이 개선되게 된다.When a stone is added to Cu first Zh alloy, it forms a gamma phase like silicon, and improves free machinability. For example, silicon is added by adding 1.8-4.0 weight% of stones in the Cu-Zn type alloy containing 58-70 weight% of Cu, And shows good machinability. Therefore, by adding a nephew to Cu first Si-Zn type alloy, formation of a gamma phase can be accelerated | stimulated, and the machinability of Cu first Si first Z1♀ type alloy can be improved further. It is carried out at 1.0 weight% or more, and when it reaches 3.5 weight% (needle), it becomes saturated state. Moreover, when the former addition amount exceeds 3.5 weight% (nee), not only does the formation effect of a (gamma) phase become saturated, but also ductility falls. If the amount of addition of the stone is less than 1.0% by weight, the effect of forming the γ phase is small. However, if the amount of addition of the stone is 0.3% by weight or more, the effect of dispersing and homogenizing the γ phase formed by silicon is also favorable. Machinability is improved. That is, when the addition amount of nephew is 0.3 weight% or more, the free machinability improves by the addition.

또한, 알루미늄도, 조카와 같이, γ상형성을 촉진시키는 기능을 갖는 것여, 장소와 같이 혹 이것에 바꿔 첨가하는 것에 의해, Cu-Si-Zn 계합금의 쾌삭성을 더욱 향상시킬 수 있다. 알루미늄에는, 쾌삭성의 타, 강도, 내마모성, 내고온산화성을 개선시키는 기능이나 합금비중을 저하시키는 기능, 쾌삭성개선機能이 발휘되기위해서는, 적어도 1.0중량%첨가시킬 필요가 있다. 그러나, 3.5중량%를 넘어 첨가하더라도, 첨가량에 적당한 쾌삭성개선효과는 볼 수 있지 않고, 봐 와(과) 마찬가지로 연성의 저하를 초래한다.In addition, aluminum also has a function of promoting γ-phase formation like nephews, and can be further improved by adding the Cu-Si-Zn-based alloy by changing it to the same as a place or the like. In aluminum, the function of improving the free cutting property, strength, abrasion resistance, high temperature oxidation resistance and reducing the alloy specific gravity In order to exhibit the improved machinability improvement, it is necessary to add at least 1.0% by weight. However, even if it adds more than 3.5 weight%, the free machinability improvement effect suitable for the addition amount is not seen, and it causes a ductility fall similarly.

또한, 인에는, 녹이나 알루미늄같은 γ상의 형성기능은 없지만, 규소의 첨가에 의해 또는 이것과 조카, 알루미늄의 一方若양쪽을 함께 첨가 시키는 것에 의해 생성한 γ상을 균일히 분산되어, γ상분포를 양호한 것으로 하는 기능이 있어, 이러한 기능에 의해서 γ방폐형성에 의한 쾌삭성의 더한 향상을 꾀할 수 있다. 또한, 인의 첨가에 의해, γ상의 분산화와 동시에 메트릭스에 놓을 수 있으면(니) 상의 결정립을 미세화하여, 열띤 시합가공성을 향상시켜, 강도, 내응력부식 깨어져 성도 향상시킨다. 더욱(그 위에),주조때의 온수흘러 성을 현저히 향상시키는 효과도 있다. ·이러한 인첨가에 의한 효과는 0.02중량%미만의 첨가로서는 발휘되지 않는다. 한편, 인의 첨가량이 0.25중량%를 넘으면(니) , 첨가량에 적당한 쾌삭성개선等의 효과는 얻어지지 않고, 과잉첨가에 의해 도리어 熟間鍛造性, 押出性의 저하를 초래한다.Phosphorus does not have a function of forming γ phase such as rust or aluminum, but is added by the addition of silicon or nephew and aluminum. By adding both of them together, the generated γ-phase is uniformly dispersed, and the γ-phase distribution has a good function. Thus, further improvement in free machinability due to γ-shielding can be achieved. Further, by the addition of phosphorus, if the γ phase can be dispersed at the same time as the matrix (near), the crystal grains can be refined to improve the hot-playability, thereby improving the strength and the stress corrosion cracking. Furthermore, there is also an effect of remarkably improving hot water flow during casting. The effect by such a phosphorus addition is not exhibited by addition of less than 0.02 weight%. On the other hand, when the addition amount of phosphorus exceeds 0.25% by weight (kneading), the effect of the improvement of free machinability suitable for the addition amount is not obtained, but excessive addition leads to the deterioration of the maturity and the extraction ability.

제3발명합금으로서는, 이러한 점에 착안하고, Cu 제일 Si-Pb-Zn 계합금(제1발명합금)에, 주석0.3∼3.5관196, 알루미늄1.0~3.5중량%및 인0.02∼0.25중량%중 적어도 하나를 첨가시키는 것보다, 쾌삭성의 더한 향상을 꾀하고 있다.As the third invention alloy, paying attention to this point, in the Cu first Si-Pb-Zn alloy (first invention alloy), 0.3 to 3.5 pipes 196, 1.0 to 3.5% by weight of aluminum and 0.02 to 0.25% by weight of phosphorus The further improvement of free machinability is aimed at rather than adding at least one.

와 2, 조카, 알루미늄 또는 인은, 상기한 如γ상의 형성기능 또는 γ상의 분산기능에 의해 쾌삭성을 개선시키는 것여, γ상에 의한 쾌삭성개선을 꾀하는 데에 있어서, 규소와 밀접한 관계를 갖는 것이다. 따라서, 규소에 녹, 알루미늄 또는 인을 함께 첨가 시킨 제3발명합금으로서는, 제1발명합금의 규소에 언덕와 바꿔 쾌삭성을 향상시키는 기능이 발휘되어, γ상이란(와는) 관계없고 쾌삭성을 개선시키는 기능(메트릭스에 입자 상태로 되어 분산되는 것에 의해 쾌삭성을 향상시키는 기곰)을 발휘하는 비스무스, 텔루르 또는 셀렌을 첨가한 제2발명합금에 비하여, 규소의 필요첨가량이 적어진다. 즉, 규소첨가량 i가 2.0중량%미만이더라도, 1.8중량%이상이면, 봐, 알루미늄 또는 인의 함께 첨가에 의해, 공업적으로 홈, 틈더할 수 있는 쾌삭성을 얻을 수 있다. 그러나, 규소의 첨가량이 4.02196이하 이더라도, 3.5중량%를 넘으면(니) , 조카, 알루미늄 또는 패를 함께 첨가 하는 것에 의해, :규소첨가에 의한 쾌삭성개선효과는 포화상태가(로) 된다. 이러한 점에서, 제3발명합금으로서는, 규소의 첨가량을 1.8∼3.5중량%으로 했다. 또한, 이러한 규소의 첨가량와의 관계및 석, 알루미늄 또는 인을 첨가시키는 것과의 관계로부터, 동배합1의 위하한치는 제2발명합금의하여 若千大 와 , 그 바람직한 함유량을 70∼80중량%으로 했다.And 2 Nephew, aluminum or phosphorus, above 如 In order to improve free machinability by forming function of gamma phase or dispersion function of gamma phase and to improve free machinability by gamma phase, it has a close relationship with silicon. Therefore, as the third invention alloy in which rust, aluminum or phosphorus is added to silicon together, the function of improving the free machinability is exerted by replacing the hills in the silicon of the first invention alloy, thereby improving the free machinability regardless of the γ phase. Compared with the second invention alloy to which bismuth, tellurium, or selenium is added, the required amount of silicon is reduced compared to the second invention alloy which exhibits the function of making (the ability to improve the machinability by being dispersed in the form of particles in the matrix). That is, even if silicon addition amount i is less than 2.0 weight%, if it is 1.8 weight% or more, the addition of aluminum or phosphorus together can obtain the free machinability which can be industrially grooved and cracked. However, even when the addition amount of silicon is 4.02196 or less, when it exceeds 3.5% by weight (kneading), by adding nephews, aluminum, or pads together, the effect of improving the machinability by the addition of silicon becomes saturated. From this point of view, as the third invention alloy, the amount of silicon added is set to 1.8 to 3.5% by weight. In addition, from the relationship between the amount of silicon addition and the addition of stone, aluminum or phosphorus, the upper and lower limits of the copper compound 1 are determined by the second invention alloy. The preferable content was made into 70 to 80 weight%.

또한, 제4발명에 있어서는, 같이 쾌삭성에 뛰어난 동합금으로서, 동70∼80중성96과, 규소1.8∼3.5중량%와, 납0.02∼0.4중량% 6과, 녹0.3∼3.5중량%, 알루미늄1.0∼3.5중량%및 인0.02∼0.25중량%으로부터 선택된 1종이상의 원소와, 비스무스0.02∼0.4중량%, 텔루르0.02∼0.43196및 셀렌0.02∼0.4垂 196으로부터 선택된 1양식9원소를 함유하여, 또한 나머지 부분이 아연으로 이루어지는 합금조성을쾌삭성동합금(이하 r 제4발명합금」(라)고 한다)를 제안한다.Further, in the fourth invention, as the copper alloy excellent in free machinability, the copper 70-80 neutral 96, the silicon 1.8-3.5% by weight, the lead 0.02-0.4% by weight 6, the rust 0.3-3.5% by weight, the aluminum 1.0- Containing at least one element selected from 3.5% by weight and phosphorus from 0.02 to 0.25% by weight and one form 9 element selected from bismuth from 0.02 to 0.4% by weight, tellurium from 0.02 to 0.43196 and from selenium from 0.02 to 0.4 垂 196 Zinc alloy composition A free cutting copper alloy (hereinafter referred to as r fourth invention alloy) is proposed.

즉, 제4발명합금은, 제3발명합금에 비스무스0.02170.4중량%, 텔루르0.02∼0.4중량%및 셀렌0.02∼0.4중량%의 何더욱 함유시킨 합금조성을 하는 것여, 이들을 첨가시키는 이유및 첨가량의 결정이유는 제2발명합금에 관해서 말한 와(과)마찬가지다.That is, the fourth invention alloy is bismuth 0.02170.4% by weight, tellurium 0.02-0.4% by weight and selenium 0.02-0.4% by weight in the third invention alloy. The reason for the addition of these alloys, the reason for the addition thereof, and the reason for the addition amount are the same as those described for the second invention alloy.

또한, 제5발명에 있어서는, 쾌삭성에 가하여 내식성에도 뛰어난 동합금으로서, 동69∼79중량%과, 규소2.0∼4.0중량%와, 납0.02∼0.4중량%와, 전0.3∼3.5중량%,인0.02∼0.25중량%, 안티몬0.02∼0.15중량%및 가죽소0.02∼:0.15중량%으로부터 선택된 1종이상의 원소를 함유하여, 또한 나머지 부분이 아연으로 이루어지는 합금조성을쾌삭성동합금(이하 r 제5발명합금」(라)고 한다)를 제안한다.Further, in the fifth invention, as a copper alloy excellent in corrosion resistance in addition to high machinability, it is 69 to 79 wt% copper, 2.0 to 4.0 wt% silicon, 0.02 to 0.4 wt% lead, 0.3 to 3.5 wt%, and 0.02 An alloy composition containing at least one element selected from -0.25 wt%, antimony 0.02-0.15 wt% and leather cows 0.02-: 0.15 wt% and the remaining portion is made of zinc A free cutting copper alloy (hereinafter referred to as r fifth invention alloy) is proposed.

즉, 제5발명합금은, 제1발명합금에 조카0.3∼3.5중량%,인0.02∼0.25중량%, 안티몬0.02∼0.15중량%및 砒素 0.02∼0.15중량%의 적어도 하나를 더욱 함유시킨 합금조성을 하는 것이다.That is, the fifth invention alloy has an alloy composition further comprising at least one of niece 0.3 to 3.5 wt%, phosphorus 0.02 to 0.25 wt%, antimony 0.02 to 0.15 wt%, and 0.02 to 0.15 wt%. will be.

녹에는, 쾌삭성改警機能의 타, 내식성(耐脫亞鉛膚蝕性, 재 [가] 식성)및 단조성을 향상시키는 기능이 있다. 즉, α상 메트릭스의 내식성을 향상시켜, γ상의 분산화에보다 내식성, 鍛造性 及내응력부식깨어져 성의 개선을 꾀할 수 있다. 제5발명합금으로서는, 석의 이러한 기능에 의해 내식성의 개선을 꾀하여, 쾌삭성의 개선은 주로 규소첨가효과에 의해 꾀하고 있다. 따라서, 珪素 及동의 함유량은 제1발명합금과 동일로서 있다. 한편, 내식성, 단조성의 개선기능을 발휘시키기위해서는, 석의 添加呈를 적어도 0.3중량 j% 6으로 할 필요가 있다. 그러나, 조카첨가에 의한 내식성, 鍛 1 造性의 개선기능은, 3.5중량%를 넘어 첨가하더라도, 첨가량에 적당하는 만큼(수록, 뿐)의 효과가 얻어지지 않고, 경제적으로도 쓸데 없다.Rust has a function of improving the lubrication resistance, corrosion resistance, and forging property of free machinability. In other words, the corrosion resistance of the α-phase matrix is improved, and the corrosion resistance and resistance to the dispersion of the γ-phase are improved. Stress corrosion breakage can improve the sex. As the fifth invention alloy, the corrosion resistance is improved by such a function of the stone, and the improvement of the free machinability is mainly due to the silicon addition effect. Therefore, 珪 素 及 The copper content is the same as that of the first invention alloy. On the other hand, in order to exhibit the improvement function of corrosion resistance and forging, it is necessary to make the weight of a stone at least 0.3 weight j% 6. However, even if it adds more than 3.5 weight%, the effect which improves the corrosion resistance and 鍛 1 resistance by niece addition does not acquire the effect as much as it is suitable for addition amount, and it is economically useless.

또한, 인은, 상기한 如γ상학균일분산화시키는 (함께)같이 메트릭스에 있어서의 α상의 결정립을 세분화시키는 것에 의해, 쾌삭성개선機能의 타, 내 r 蝕性(耐脫亞鉛腐食性, 내상식성),般造性, 내응력부식깨어져 성및 기계적강도를 향상시키는 기능을 발휘하는 것이다. 제5발명합금으로서는, 보조자의 이러한 기능에 의해 내 r 蝕性等의 개선을 꾀하여, 쾌삭성의 개선은 주로 규소첨가효과에 의해 꾀하고 있다. 인첨가에 의한 내 f 蝕性等의 개선효과는, 미1의 인첨가에 의해 발휘되는 것이고, 0.02중량%이상의 첨가로 발1군된다. 그러나, 0.25중량%을 넘어 첨가하더라도, 첨가량에 적당한 효과가 얻어지지 않는 뿐만인가, 열사이단조성, 押出性이 도리어 저하한다.In addition, phosphorus is mentioned above By subdividing the crystal grains of the α phase in the matrix, such as by γ-phase homogenous dispersion (together), it is possible to improve the resistance to good machinability, r resistance, and anti-corrosion resistance. It is to exert the function of improving stress resistance and mechanical strength by breaking corrosion. As the fifth invention alloy, this function of an assistant is intended to improve r resistance, and the improvement of free machinability is mainly due to a silicon addition effect. The effect of improving the f-resistant resistance by the addition of the additive is exhibited by the addition of the fine 1, and is excellently selected by addition of 0.02% by weight or more. However, even if it adds exceeding 0.25 weight%, not only the moderate effect to the addition amount is acquired, but hot forging property and peeling property fall.

또한, 안티몬및 砒素도, 인과 같이, 미1(0.02중량%이상)으로 耐脫亞鉛鹿食性等를 향상시키는 것이다. 그러나, 0.15중량%을 넘어 첨가하더라도, 첨가량에 적당하는 효과가 얻어지지 않는 뿐만인가, 인의 과잉첨가와 같이, 熟間鍛造性, 押出性가 도리어 저하한다.In addition, antimony and antimony, like phosphorus, improves 耐 脫 亞 鉛 鹿 食性 等 (not more than 0.02% by weight). However, even if it adds exceeding 0.15 weight%, not only the effect suitable for the addition amount is acquired, but also matureness and exudation property fall like the excess addition of phosphorus.

이것들의 것부터, 제5발명합금으로서는, 제1발명합금에 놓을 수 있으면(니) 동1의 동, 珪素 及납에 가하여, 내식성向上원소로서 봐, 인, 안티몬및 砒素의 적어도 하나를 상기한 범위내에서 첨가시키는 것에 의해, 쾌삭성뿐만아니라, 내식성等를도 향상시킬 수 있는 것이다. 또, 새5발명합금에 있어 서는, 전및 인은, 주로, 안티몬및 砒素과 같은 내식성개선원소으로서 기능하기 위해서(때문에), 규소및 激 1의 납이외로 쾌삭성개선원소를 첨가하지않는 제1발명합금과 같이, 銅 及규소의 配合旦는, 각기, 69∼79중량%及2.0∼4.0중량%으로서 있다.From these things, as the fifth invention alloy, if it can be placed in the first invention alloy (nee), copper, 珪 素 동 In addition to lead, by adding at least one of phosphorus, antimony, and phosphorus within the above-described range as an element of corrosion resistance, it is possible to improve not only high machinability but also corrosion resistance. In addition, in the new invention invention, the former and phosphorus do not add a free machinability improvement element other than lead of silicon and 激 1 mainly because it functions as an anticorrosive improvement element such as antimony and 砒 素. Like one invention alloy, 銅 及 The amount of silicon is 69 to 79% by weight, respectively. It exists as 2.0 to 4.0 weight%.

또한, 제6발명에 있어서는, 같이 被則性 及내식성에 뛰어난 동합금으로서, 동69∼79:중량%와, 규소2.0∼4.0중량%와, 납0.02∼0.4重旦 96과, 주석0.3∼3.5중량%,인0.02∼0.25중량%, 안티몬0.02∼0.15중량%및 砒素 0.02∼0.15중량%부터 선택된 1종이상의 원소와, 비스무스0.02∼0.4중량%, 텔루르0.02∼0.4중량%及셀렌0.02∼0.4중책96으로부터 선택된 1종의 원소를 함유하여, 또한 나머지 부분⊙⊙ 아연으로 이루어지는 합금조성을쾌삭성동합금(이하 r 제6발명합금」(라)고 한다)를 제안한다.In addition, in the sixth invention, As the copper alloy excellent in corrosion resistance, copper 69-79: weight%, silicon 2.0-4.0 weight%, lead 0.02-0.4 weight% 96, tin 0.3-3.5 weight%, phosphorus 0.02-0.25 weight%, antimony 0.02-0.15 At least one element selected from weight% and 0.02 to 0.15 weight%, bismuth 0.02 to 0.4 weight%, tellurium 0.02 to 0.4 weight% Alloy composition composed of one element selected from Selenium 0.02-0.4 Medium 96 and the remainder part A free cutting copper alloy (hereinafter referred to as r sixth invention alloy) is proposed.

즉, 제6발명합금은, 제5발명합금에 비스무스0.02∼0.4중량%, 텔루르0.02∼0.4중량%및 셀렌0.02∼0.4중량%의 何하나를 더욱 함유시킨 합금조성을 하는 것여, 제2발명합금과 같이, 珪素 及납에 가하여 비스무스, 텔루르 및 셀렌의 何하나를 첨가하는 것에 의해 쾌삭성을 개선하는 동시에, 제5발명합금과 같이, 조카, 인, 안티몬및 砒素 중부터 선택한 적어도 하나를 첨가하는 것에 의해 내식성等를 改警 한 것이다. 따라서, 동, 규소, 납, 비스무스, ; 텔루르及셀렌의 첨가량에 관해서는 제2발명합금과 동일로 하고, 조카, 인, . 안티몬및 砒素의 첨가량에 관해서는 제5발명합금과 동일로 했다. 또한, 제7발명에 있어서는, 쾌삭성에 가하여 고력성, 내마모성에 뛰어난 동합금으로서, 동62∼78중량%와, 규소2.5∼4.5중량%와, 납0.02∼0.4중량%와, 조카0.3∼3.0중량%, 알루미늄0.2∼2.5중량%및 인0.02∼0.25중량%으로부터 선택된 1종이상의 원소와, 망간0.7∼3.5중량% 및 니켈l0.7∼3.5중량%으로부터 선택된 1종이상의 원소를 함유하여, 또한 나머지 부분이 아연으로 이루어지는 합금조성을쾌삭성동합금(이하 r 제7발명합금 j라는)을 제안한다.In other words, the sixth invention alloy is bismuth 0.02-0.4 wt%, tellurium 0.02-0.4 wt% and selenium 0.02-0.4 wt% To form an alloy containing one more, like the second invention alloy, 珪 素 及 Bismuth, tellurium and selenium in addition to lead The addition of one improves the free machinability, and like the fifth invention alloy, the corrosion resistance is reduced by adding at least one selected from nephew, phosphorus, antimony, and 砒 素. Thus, copper, silicon, lead, bismuth,; Tellurium The amount of selenium added is the same as that of the second invention alloy, and nephew, phosphorus and. The amount of antimony and antimony added was the same as that of the fifth invention alloy. Further, in the seventh invention, copper alloys having excellent high strength and abrasion resistance in addition to high machinability include 62 to 78 wt% of copper, 2.5 to 4.5 wt% of silicon, 0.02 to 0.4 wt% of lead, and 0.3 to 3.0 wt% of nephew. At least one element selected from 0.2 to 2.5% by weight of aluminum and from 0.02 to 0.25% by weight of phosphorus, and at least one element selected from 0.7 to 3.5% by weight of manganese and 0.7 to 3.5% by weight of nickel. This zinc alloy composition A free cutting copper alloy (hereinafter referred to as r seventh invention alloy j) is proposed.

망간 또는 니켈l은, 규소와 결합하여 Mnx Siy 또는 Nix SiyManganese or nickel is combined with silicon to form Mnx Siy or Nix Siy

의 미세금층사이화합물을 형성하여, 메트릭스에 균일히 석출하여, 그것에 의하여 내마모성, 강도를 향상시킨다. 따라서, Man gun及니켈l의 한편 또는 양쪽을 첨가하는 것에 의해, 고력성, 내마모성이 개선된다. 이러한 효과는, 망간및 니켈l을 각기0:7중량%이상첨가하는 것에 발휘된다. 그러나, 3.5중량%를 넘어 첨가하더라도, 효과가 포화상태가(로) 되어, 첨가량에 적당하는 효과가 얻어지지 않는다. 규소는, 망간 또는 니켈l의 첨가에 따라, 이들과의 금속사이화합물형성에 요하는 소비1를 고려하고, 2.5∼4.5중량%를 첨가시키는 것으로 했다.To form a fine gold intercalation compound, and to precipitate uniformly on the matrix, thereby improving wear resistance and strength. Therefore, Man gun 及 By adding one or both of nickel l, high strength and wear resistance are improved. This effect is exerted when adding manganese and nickel 1 to each of at least 0: 7 wt%. However, even if it adds beyond 3.5 weight%, an effect becomes saturated, and the effect suitable for addition amount is not acquired. Silicon was added in an amount of 2.5 to 4.5% by weight based on the addition of manganese or nickel, taking into account the consumption 1 required for the formation of intermetallic compounds therewith.

또한, 석, 알루미늄및 인의 첨가에 의해, 메트릭스의 α상이 강화되어, 쾌삭성도 개선된다. 조카및 이웃은, α상, γ상의 분산에 의해 강도, 내마모성을 향상시켜, 쾌삭성도 향상시킨다. 조카는, 0.3중량%이상의 첨가에 의해 강도및 쾌삭성을 향상시키지만, 3.0중량%를 넘어 첨가하면(니) 연성이 저하한다. 따라서, 고력성, 내마모성의 개선을 꾀하는 제7발명합금에 있어서는, 쾌삭성改書효과도 고려하고, 조카의 첨가량을 0.3∼3.0중량%으로 했다. 또한, 알루미늄은, 내마모성개선에 기여하고, 메트릭스의 강화기능은 0.2중량%이상의 첨가에 의해 발휘된다. 그러나, 2.53196를 넘어 첨가하면(니) , 연성이 저하한다. 따라서, 쾌삭성改養효과도 고려하고, 알루미늄의 첨가량은 0.2∼2.5 Wataru196로 했다. 또한, 인의 첨가에 의해, γ상의 분산화와 동시에 [마트리] . [크스] 에 있어서의 α상의 결정1알을 미세화하여, 열띤 시합가공성을 향상시켜, 강도, 내마모성도 향상시킨다. 더구나, 주조때의 온수흘러 성을 현저히 향상시키는 효과도 있다. 이러한 효과는, 인을 0.02∼0.25중량%의 범위로 첨가하는 것에 의해 연주한다.또, 동의 배합1에 관해서는, 규소첨가량와의 관계및 망간, 니켈l이 규소와 결합하는 관계로부터, 62∼78중량%으로 했다.In addition, the addition of stones, aluminum and phosphorus enhances the α phase of the matrix, thereby improving the free machinability. The nephews and neighbors improve strength and wear resistance by dispersion of the α phase and the γ phase, and also improve the free machinability. Although niece improves strength and free machinability by 0.3 weight% or more addition, when it exceeds 3.0 weight% (nee), ductility falls. Therefore, in the seventh invention alloy for improving the high strength and wear resistance, the free cutting effect was also taken into consideration, and the amount of nephew added was 0.3 to 3.0% by weight. In addition, aluminum contributes to the improvement of wear resistance, and the reinforcing function of the matrix is exhibited by addition of 0.2% by weight or more. However, when it exceeds 2.53196 (needle), ductility will fall. Therefore, the free machinability effect was also considered and the addition amount of aluminum was 0.2-2.5 Wataru196. In addition, the addition of phosphorus simultaneously disperses the γ-phase [Matri]. One grain of the α phase in [X] is refined to improve the hot-playability, and the strength and the wear resistance are also improved. Moreover, it also has the effect of remarkably improving the hot water flowing property at the time of casting. This effect is performed by adding phosphorus in the range of 0.02-0.25% by weight. In addition, about copper compound 1, it was 62 to 78 weight% from the relationship with the silicon addition amount, and the relationship with manganese and nickel 1 couple | bonded with silicon.

더욱(그 위에),제8발명에 있어서는, 쾌삭성에 가하여 내고온구화성에 뛰어난 동합금으로서, 동69∼79중량%,규소2.0∼4,0중량%,납0.02∼0.4중량%, 알루미늄0.1∼1.5 Wataru1% 및 인0.02∼0.25중량%를 함유하여, 또한 나머지 부분이 아연으로 이루어지는 합금조성을쾌삭성동합금(이하「제8발명합금」(라)고 한다)를 제안한다.Furthermore, in the eighth invention, it is a copper alloy excellent in high temperature hardening resistance in addition to high machinability, with 69 to 79 wt% copper, 2.0 to 4,0 wt% silicon, 0.02 to 0.4 wt% lead, and 0.1 to 1.5 aluminum. An alloy composition containing 1% of Wataru and 0.02 to 0.25% by weight of phosphorus, and the remaining part is made of zinc A free cutting copper alloy (hereinafter referred to as "the eighth invention alloy") is proposed.

알루미늄은, 강도, 쾌삭성, 내마모성을 개선시키는 타, 내고온산화성을 개선시키는 원소인 J또, 규소도: 상기한 如, 쾌삭성, 강도, 而 l 마모성, 내응력부식깨어져 성을 개선 시키는 타, 내고온산화성을 개선하는 기능을 발휘한다. 알루미늄에 의한 내고온산화성의 개선은, 규소와의 함께 첨가에 의해서, 0.1중량%이상의 첨가로 행하여진다. 그러나, 알루미늄을 1.5중량%를 넘어 첨가하더라도, 첨가량에 적당하는 내고온산화성개선효과는 볼 수 있지 않다. 이러한 점에서, [알미니우] . [무] 의 첨가량은 0.1∼1.5동1%으로 했다.Aluminum is an element that improves strength, high machinability, and wear resistance, and is an element that improves high temperature oxidation resistance. It has the function of improving the high temperature oxidation resistance, improving the machinability, free cutting, strength, wear resistance, stress corrosion resistance. Improvement of high temperature oxidation resistance by aluminum is performed by addition of 0.1 weight% or more by addition with silicon. However, even if aluminum is added in excess of 1.5% by weight, there is no effect of improving the high temperature oxidative resistance suitable for the addition amount. In this regard, [Alminiu]. The addition amount of [non-] was 0.1-1.5 copper 1%.

인은, 합금주조때 에 있어서의 온수흘러 성을 향상시키기위해서 첨가된다. 또한, 인은, 이러한 온수흘러 성의 타, 상기한 쾌삭성, 耐脫亞鉛腐蝕性에 가하여, 내고온산화성을도 개선한다. 이러한 인의 첨가효과는 0.02중량%이상으로 발휘된다. 그러나, 0.25중량%을 넘어 첨가하더라도, 첨가량에 ·적당하는 효과는 볼 수 있지 않고, 去 1합금의 脆性化를 초래하게 된다. 이러한 점에서, 인의 첨가량은, 0.02∼0.25중량%으로 했다.Phosphorus is added to improve the flowability of hot water during alloy casting. In addition, phosphorus is added to the above-mentioned hot machinability and the above-mentioned high machinability and stiffness, and also improves high temperature oxidation resistance. Such phosphorus addition effect is exhibited at 0.02% by weight or more. However, even if it adds more than 0.25 weight%, the effect suitable for addition amount is not seen, and it is 去 1. It will lead to alloying. In this regard, the amount of phosphorus added was 0.02 to 0.25 wt%.

또한, 규소는, 상기한 如쾌삭성을 개선시키기위해서 첨가되는 것이지만, 인과 같이 온수흘러 성을 향상요:기능도 갖는 것이다. 규소에 의한 온수흐르고 성의 향상은 2.0중량%이상의 첨가에 의해 발휘되어, 쾌삭성을 향상시키는 것에 필요한 첨가범위와 중복한다. 따라서, 규소의 첨가량은, 쾌삭성의 개선을 고려하고, 2.0∼4.0중량%으로 했다.In addition, silicon is the above It is added to improve the free machinability, but improves the flow of hot water like phosphorus: It also has a function. The hot water flow and the improvement of the property by silicon are exhibited by addition of 2.0 weight% or more, and overlap with the addition range required for improving free machinability. Therefore, silicon addition amount was made into 2.0 to 4.0 weight% in consideration of the improvement of free machinability.

또한, 제9발명에 있어서는, 같이 被則性 및 내고온산화성에 뛰어난 동합금으로서, 동69∼79중량%과, 규소2.0∼4.0중량%와, 납0.02∼0.4중량%과, 알루미늄0.1∼1.52196과, 인0.02∼0.25중량%와, 비스무스0.02∼0.42196, 텔루르0.02∼0.4중량%및 셀렌0.02∼0.4중량%으로부터 선택된 1종의 원소를 함유하여, 또한 나머지 부분이 아연으로 이루어지는 합금조성을 하는 동합금(이하 r 제·9발명합금」(라)고 한다)를 제안한다.Further, in the ninth invention, as the copper alloy excellent in corrosion resistance and high temperature oxidation resistance, it is 69 to 79% by weight, 2.0 to 4.0% by weight of silicon, 0.02 to 0.4% by weight of lead, and 0.1 to 1.52196 of aluminum. , Copper alloy containing phosphorus 0.02 to 0.25% by weight, bismuth 0.02 to 0.42196, tellurium 0.02 to 0.4% by weight, and selenium 0.02 to 0.4% by weight, and the remainder being composed of zinc. r and the ninth invention alloy.

즉, 제9발명합금은, 제8발명합금에 비스무스0.02∼0.4중량%, 텔루르0.02∼0.4중량% 及셀렌0.02∼0.4중량%의 何더욱 함유시킨 합금조성을 하는 것·이며, 전기한 如납같은 쾌삭성을 개선하는 원소인 비스무스등을 첨가하는 것에 의해, 제8발명합금과 같은 내고온산화성을 확보하면서, 쾌삭성의 더한 개선을 꾀한 것이다.That is, the ninth invention alloy is bismuth 0.02-0.4 wt%, tellurium 0.02-0.4 wt% Selenium 0.02-0.4 wt% The alloy composition further contains By adding bismuth, which is an element that improves free machinability, such as lead, further improvement in free machinability is achieved while ensuring high temperature oxidation resistance similar to that of the eighth invention alloy.

또한, 제10발명에 있어서는, 같이 被則性 및 내고온연화성에 뛰어난 동합금으로서, 동69∼79중량%과, 규소2.0~4.0중량%과, 납0.02∼0.4중1 j% 6과, 알루미늄0.1∼1.5중량%과, 인0.02∼0.25중량%와, Chrome0.02∼0.4중량% 및 티타늄0.02∼0.4중량%으로부터 선택된 1종이상의 원소를 함유하여, 또한 나머지 부분이 아연으로 이루어지는 합금조성을쾌삭성동합금(이하 r 제10발명합금」(라)고 한다)를 제안한다.Furthermore, in the tenth invention, as the copper alloy excellent in corrosion resistance and high temperature softening resistance, it is 69-79 wt% copper, 2.0-4.0 wt% silicon, 1 j% 6 in lead 0.02-0.4, aluminum 0.1 An alloy composition containing -1.5 wt%, phosphorus 0.02-0.25 wt%, one or more elements selected from Chrome 0.02-0.4 wt% and titanium 0.02-0.4 wt%, with the remainder being zinc A free cutting copper alloy (hereinafter referred to as r tenth invention alloy) is proposed.

Chrome및 티타늄은 내고온연화성을 향상시키는 기능을 갖는 것여, 그 기능은, 특히, 알루미늄과의 함께 첨가 에 의한 상승효과에 의해서 현저히 발휘된다. 이러한 기능은, 이들을 단독첨가하면(니) 함께 첨가 하는 과 관계되지 않고, 각기, 0.02중량%이상으로 발휘되고, 0.:4중량%으로 포화상태가(로) 된다. 이러한 점에서, 제10발명합금에 있어서는, 제8발명합금에 Chrome0.02∼0.4동1% 및 티타늄0.02∼0.4중량%의 적어도 하나를 더욱 함유시킨 합금조성을 하는 것으로 하여, 제8발명합금의 내 f 고온산화성을 더욱 향상시키 도록 꾀하고 있다.Chrome and titanium have a function of improving the high temperature softening resistance, and the function is particularly exhibited by the synergistic effect of addition with aluminum. These functions are independent of adding them together (kneading) and are exhibited at 0.02% by weight or more, respectively, and become saturated at 0.:4% by weight. In view of the above, in the tenth invention alloy, the alloy composition in which the eighth invention alloy further contains at least one of Chrome 0.02 to 0.4 copper 1% and titanium 0.02 to 0.4% by weight is further developed. f It is intended to further improve high temperature oxidative property.

또한, 제11발명에 있어서는, 같이 被則性 및 내고온연화성에 뛰어난 동합금으로서, 동69∼791196과, 규소2.0∼4.02196와, 납0.02∼0.4중량%과, 알루미늄0.1∼1.5중량%와, 인0.02∼0.25중량%과, Chrome0.02∼0.4중량%및 티타늄0.02∼0.4중량%으로부터 선택된 1종이상의 원소와, 비스무스0.02∼0.4중량%, 텔루르0.02∼0.4중량%및 셀렌0.02∼0.4중량%으로부터 선택된 1종의 원소를 함유하여, 또한 나머지 부분이 아연으로 이루어지는 합금조성을쾌삭성동합금(이하「제11발명합금」(라)고 한다)를 제안한다.Further, in the eleventh invention, as the copper alloy excellent in corrosion resistance and high temperature softening resistance, copper 69-791196, silicon 2.0-4.02196, lead 0.02-0.4% by weight, aluminum 0.1-1.5% by weight, phosphorus From at least one element selected from 0.02 to 0.25% by weight, Chrome 0.02 to 0.4% and titanium 0.02 to 0.4% by weight, from bismuth 0.02 to 0.4% by weight, tellurium 0.02 to 0.4% by weight and selenium 0.02 to 0.4% by weight An alloy composition containing one selected element and the remaining part made of zinc A free cutting copper alloy (hereinafter referred to as "the eleventh invention alloy") is proposed.

즉, 제11발명합금은, :제10발명합금에 비스무스0.02∼0.4중량%, 텔루르0.02∼0.4중량%및 셀렌0.02∼0.4중량%의 何하나를 더욱 함유시킨 합금조성을 하는 것여, 전기한 如규소와 다른 기능에 의해 쾌삭성을 개선하는 납동님원소인 비스무스등을 添和 하는 것에 의해, 제10발명합금과 같은 내고온산화성을 확보하면서, 쾌삭성의 더한 개선을 꾀한 것이다.That is, the eleventh invention alloy is composed of bismuth 0.02 to 0.4% by weight, tellurium 0.02 to 0.4% by weight, and selenium 0.02 to 0.4% by weight. The alloy composition containing one more thing By improving the machinability of bismuth, which is a lead-free element that improves machinability by silicon and other functions, it is intended to further improve the machinability while ensuring high temperature oxidation resistance as in the tenth invention alloy.

또한, 제12발명에 있어서는, 상기한 각 발명합금에 400∼600℃로 30분∼5시간의 열처리를 베풀어 놓은 것보다, 그 쾌삭성을 더욱 개선한 부육·l 성동합금(이하 r 제12발명합금 j라는)을 제안한다.In addition, in the twelfth invention, the above-mentioned invention alloy, which is further improved in its machinability, is more than the heat treatment of 400 to 600 ° C. for 30 minutes to 5 hours. Alloy j).

제1∼제11발명합금은 규소등의 쾌삭성개선원소를 첨가한 것여,The first to eleventh invention alloys are those containing high machinability improvement elements such as silicon,

이러한 원소의 첨가에 의해 뛰어난 쾌삭성을 갖는 것이지만, 이러한 첨가원소의 기능에 의한 쾌삭성은 열처리에 의해서 더욱 향상하는 경우가 있다. 예컨대, 제1∼제11발명합금에 있어서의 동농도가 (비싸다)높은 것여, γ상이 적고 且 (따다)깎는다 相가 많지만 에 관해서는, 열처리에상이 γ상에 변화되어, γ상이 미세히 분산석출하는 것에 의해, 쾌삭성이 고호쿠에 改著 된다. 또한, 실제로의 주물, 展伸材, 熟間단조품의 제조를 상정한 경우, 주조조건이나 열띤 시합가공(熱間押出, 熟鬪鍛 l 造等)뒤(후)의 생산성, 작업환경등의 조건에 의해서, 그것들의 재과가 강제공냉, 수냉되는 경우가 있다. 이러한 경우, 제1∼제11발명합금에 있어서, 특히, 동농도가 낮은 것으로서는, γ상이 若千少 없게 또한 β상을 포함하고 있지만, 열처리를 베풀면(니) , 이것에 의해 β상이 γ상에 변화되는 동시에 γ상이 미세히 분산석출하는 게 되어, 쾌삭성이 개선된다. 그러나, 몇경우에 있어서도, 熟 i 처리온도가 400℃ 미만이면, 상기한 상변화속도가 시간이 늦어, 열처리에 지극히 장시간을 요하기 위해서(때문에), 경제적으로도 실용할 수 없다. 반대로(거꾸로), 600℃를 넘으면(니) , 却상이 증대하여 혹 β상이 출현하기 위해서(때문에),Although it has excellent free machinability by addition of such an element, the free machinability by the function of such an added element may be improved further by heat processing. For example, the copper concentration in the first to eleventh invention alloys is high (expensive), the γ phase is small, and the crushing phase is large. The phase is changed to the γ phase, and the γ phase is finely dispersed and precipitated, resulting in excellent machinability in Kohoku. In addition, in the case of the production of actual castings, exhibitions, and mature forgings, conditions such as casting conditions, hot game processing, and productivity (working conditions) behind (hot) As a result, these ashes may be forced air cooled or water cooled. In this case, in the first to eleventh invention alloys, in particular, as the low copper concentration, the γ phase contains the β phase without being too strong, but when the heat treatment is performed (knee), the β phase becomes the γ phase by this. At the same time, the γ phase is finely dispersed and precipitated, thereby improving the free machinability. However, a few Even in the case, when the mature i treatment temperature is less than 400 ° C, the above-described phase change rate is slow, and thus it is economically ineffective because it requires extremely long time for heat treatment. Conversely (upside down), if it exceeds 600 ℃ (nee) Because a phase increases and a β phase appears,

쾌삭성의 개선效⊙가 얻어지지 않는다. 따라서, 실용성을도 고려한 경우, 쾌삭성개선을 위해(때문에)는, 400-600℃의 조건으로 30분∼5시간의 열처리를 하는 것이 바람직하다.Improvement of free machinability 效 ⊙ is not obtained. Therefore, when practicality is also considered, it is preferable to perform heat processing for 30 minutes-5 hours on conditions of 400-600 degreeC in order to improve free machinability.

실시예 로서, 표1∼표15에 (보이다)가리키는 조성의 주괴(외경100 mm, 길이150 mm의 원주형상의 것)을 열사이(750℃)로 외경15혈 m의 만 棒伏에 押出加工하고, 제1발명합금 No.1001∼No.1007,제2발명합금 No.2001∼No.2006,제3발명합금 No.3001∼No.3010,제4발명합금 No.4001∼No.4021,제5발명합금 No.5001∼No.5020,제6발명합금 No.6001∼No.6045,제7발명합금 No.7001∼No.7029,제8발명합금 No.8001∼No.8008,제9발명합금 No.9001∼No.9006,제10발명합금 No.10001∼No.10008및 제11발명합금 No.11001∼No.11011를 얻었다. 또한, 표16에 (보이다)가리키는 조성의 주괴(외경100 m m, 길이150 m m의 원주형상의 것)을 열띤 시합(750℃)으로 외경15 m m의 만 棒伏에 押出加工 한 위, 그 押出材를 표16에 (보이다)가리키는 조건으로 열처리하고, 제12발명합금 No.12001∼No.12004를 얻었다. 즉, No.12001는 제1발명합금 No.1006와 동일조성을押出材을 580℃, 30분의 조건으로 열처리한 것이고, No.12002는 No.1006와 동일조성을押出材을 450℃, 2時閣의 조건으로 열처리한 것이고, No.12003는 제1발명합금 No.1007와 동일조성을押出材을 No.12001:와 동일조건(580℃, 30분)으로 열처리한 것이고, No.12004는 No.1007와 동일조성을押出材을 No.12002와 동일조건(450℃, 2시간)으로 열처리한 것이다.As an example, ingots (shown in Tables 1 to 15) of the composition (outer diameter of 100 mm and a columnar shape of 150 mm in length) were heated to a total diameter of 15 blood m in heat (750 ° C). 1st invention alloys No.1001-No.1007, 2nd invention alloy No.2001-No.2006, 3rd invention alloy No.3001-No.3010, 4th invention alloy No.4001-No.4021, 5th invention alloy No.5001 to No.5020, 6th invention alloy No.6001 to No.6045, 7th invention alloy No.7001 to No.7029, 8th invention alloy No.8001 to No.8008, 9th invention Alloy Nos. 9001 to No. 9006, 10th invention alloys No. 10001 to No. 10008, and 11th invention alloys No. 11001 to No. 11011 were obtained. In addition, Table 16 (shown) shows that the ingot (composition of 100 mm in diameter and 150 mm in length) of the composition has been heated to the bay of 15 mm in diameter by the heated game (750 ° C). Was subjected to heat treatment under conditions indicated in Table 16, to obtain No.12001 to No.12004 of the twelfth invention. That is, No.12001 is the same composition as No.1006 of the first invention alloy. The heat treatment was carried out at 580 ℃ for 30 minutes, and No.12002 is the same as No.1006. The heat treatment was carried out at 450 ℃ and 2hrs. No.12003 is the same as No.1007 of the first invention alloy. The heat treatment was performed by heat treatment under the same conditions (580 ℃, 30 minutes) as No.12001: No.12004 is the same as No.1007. The heat treatment was performed under the same conditions (450 ℃, 2 hours) as No.12002.

또한, 비교예 로서, 표17에 (보이다)가리키는 조성의 주괴(외경100 m m, 길이150 m m의 원주형상의 것)을 열사이(750℃)로 押出加工하여, 외경15 m m의 만 棒狀押出材(이하 r 종래 합금」(라)고 한다) No.13001∼No.13006를 얻었다. 또, No.13001는「Jl SC3604」에 상당하는 것이고, No.13002는「CDAC36000」에 상당하는 것이고, No.13003는「JlSC3771」에 상당하는 것이고, ·No.13004는 rCDAC69800」에 상당하는 것이다. 또한, No.13005는 rJlSC6191」에 상당하는 것여, Jl S에 규정되는 신동품의 안에서 강도, 내마모성에 기도 뛰어 나는 알루미늄청동이다. 또한, No.13006는 rJl SC4622」에 상당하는 것여, Jl S에 규정되는 신동품의 안에서 耐蝕i 성에 가장 뛰어 나는 Naval황동이다.In addition, as a comparative example, shown in Table 17, the ingot of the composition (circular shape of outer diameter 100 mm, length of 150 mm) was extruded between heat (750 ° C.), and the outer diameter of 15 mm was removed. (Hereinafter referred to as "r conventional alloy") Nos. 13001 to No. 13006 were obtained. No. 13001 corresponds to "Jl SC3604", No. 13002 corresponds to "CDAC36000", No.13003 corresponds to "JlSC3771", and No.13004 corresponds to rCDAC69800. . No.13005 is equivalent to "rJlSC6191", and is aluminum bronze which is excellent in strength and abrasion resistance among new products specified in Jl S. No.13006 is equivalent to rJl SC4622, and is Naval brass which is the most excellent in Zhengi province among new products prescribed by Jl S.

그리고, 제1∼제12발명합금의 쾌삭성을 종래 합금과의 비교에 있어서 확인하도록, 다음과 같은 절삭시험을 하여, 절삭주분력, 절삭 가루狀態 及절삭표면형태를 판정했다.In order to confirm the free machinability of the first to twelfth invention alloys in comparison with the conventional alloys, the following cutting tests were carried out to determine the cutting force and the cutting powder. The cutting surface shape was determined.

즉, 상기과 같이 하여 얻어진 各押出材의 외주면을, 영검 바이트(arbite)+B3732((퍼내다)구하고 뿔:-8.)을 (달다)성립시킨 선반에 의해, 切削速魔: 50 m/分 ; 추궁하고 깊이(절삭대(값)):1.5 m m, 보내고 1:0.11 m m/r e v.조건으로 절삭하여, 바이트(arbite)+B3732에 (달다)성립시킨 3분력동력계로부터의 신호를 重歪測定器에 의해 번정신호에 변환하여 recorder로 기록하여, 이것을 절삭저항에 환산했다. 그런데,In other words, the outer peripheral surface of the 各 押出 하여 obtained in the above manner was obtained by using a lathe formed by arbite + B3732 (to dig out and horns: -8.), Where: m: 50 m / minute; Pursuing Depth (Material (Value)): 1.5 mm, Spend 1: 0.11 mm / re v. The signal from the three-part dynamic dynamometer, which was cut under the conditions and established in (arbite) + B3732, was converted into a rotation signal by a weighing device, recorded in a recorder, and converted into cutting resistance. By the way,

절삭저항의 대소는 3분력즉 주분력, 보내어 分力 및 등분력에 의해서 판단되지만, 여기서는, 3분력중 가장 큰 값을 (보이다)가리키는 주분력(N)을 갖아 절삭저항의 대소를 판단하는 것으로 했다. 그 결과는, 표18∼표33에 (보이다)가리키는 길(종류)였다.The magnitude of the cutting force is judged by the three components, that is, the main component, the distribution, and the equal component.However, the magnitude of the cutting resistance is determined by having the principal component (N) indicating the largest value among the three components. did. The result was the way (kind) indicated by Table 18-33.

또한, 절삭에 의해 생성한 절삭 가루의 상태를 관찰하여, 그 형상에 의해서 도 1(A)∼(D)에 (보이다)가리키는 如4개에 분류하여, 표1∼표15에 (보이다)가리켰다. 그런데, 切 j 어깨가, (D)도 에 (보이다)가리키는 如, 3권이상의 나선형상을 하고 있는 경우에는, 절삭 가루의 처리(절삭 가루의 회수나 재활용등)이 곤란하다고 인 ·위, 切居가 바이트(arbite)+B3732에 얽혀 붙거나, 절삭표면을 손상시키는 등의 문제점이 발생하여, 양호한 절삭가공을 할 수 없다. 또한, 切居이, (C)도 에 (보이다)가리키는 如, 반권정도의 원호형상으로부터 2권정도의 나선형상을 하고 있는 경우에는, 3권이상의 나선형상을 하는 경우 같은 큰 문제점은 생기지 않지만, 이나 (뻗다)붙여 절삭 가루의 처리가 용이하지 않고, 연속절삭가공을 하는 경우 등에 있어 서는 바이트(arbite)+B3732에의 얽히기 첨부나 절삭표면의 損犧等를 생기고虞.그러나, 切層가, (A)의 같은 미세한 바늘형상편이나(B)의 같은 부채형장편 또는 원호형상편에 황단되는 경우에는, 위기문제점이 생기는 일이 없고, (C)도 이나(D)도 에 (보이다)가리키는 사물의(겨우) 것 같고, 切層의 처리도 용이하다. 단지, 切 l 층이(A)도 같은 微細形伏에 용단되는 경우에는, 선반등의 공작기계의 摺動面에 잠입하여 넣어 기계적장해를 발생하거나, 작업자의 손손가락, 눈에 찔리는 등의 위험을 따르는 적이 있다. 따라서, 쾌삭성을 판단하는 위에서는, (B)도 에 (보이다)가리키는 것이 최 i 良 이며, (A)도 에 (보이다)가리키는 것이 이것에 계속, (C)도 이나(D)도 에 (보이다)가리키는 것은 부적당으로 하는 것이 상당하다. 표18∼표33에 있어서는, (B)에 (보이다)가리키는 최선의 切屈伏態가 관찰된 것을 r◎」로, (A)도 에 (보이다)가리키는 약간 양호한 切 j 어깨상태가 관찰된 것을 rO」로, (C)도 에 (보이다)가리키는 불량인 切層狀態가 관찰된 것을 r△」로, (D)에 (보이다)가리키는 最愕의 切房狀態가 관찰된 것을 rX」로 (보이다)가리켰다.Moreover, the state of the cutting powder produced | generated by cutting is observed, and it shows (shown) to FIG. 1 (A)-(D) by the shape. It classified into four, and showed (shown) in Table 1-Table 15. By the way, 切 j shoulder, (D) is also (represented) In the case of three or more spirals, it is difficult to process the cutting powder (recovery or recycling of the cutting powder). Problems such as entanglement in the bite + B3732 or damage to the cutting surface occur, and good cutting is not possible. In addition, (C) also refers to (如) 如 In the case of a spiral shape of about two volumes from an arc shape of about half a volume, the same big problem as that of a spiral shape of three or more volumes does not occur, but the processing of cutting powder is not easy and the continuous cutting processing is not easy. In the case of, such as entanglement to bite + B3732 and the cutting surface 虞 However, in the case where the ear is yellowed in the same fine needle-like piece of (A) or the same fan-shaped piece of (B) or arc-shaped piece, Problem does not occur, and (C) and (D) point to (represent) and seem to (only) of thing It is also easy to process 切 層. However, if the thin layer (A) is melted in the same microstructure, it may infiltrate into the movement surface of a machine tool such as a lathe, causing mechanical damage, or a worker's finger or eye sticking. I have followed. Therefore, it is best to point at (B) to (above), and (A) to (show) at this point when judging high machinability, and (C) or (D) to ( It is quite improper to point out. In Tables 18-33, (B) indicates that the best 切 屈伏 態 was observed in r ◎ ', and (A) also shows (양호한) slightly good 切 j shoulder condition observed. (C) also shows (() that r is a defective r, and (D) (shows) rX is the lowest r that was observed. Pointed.

또한, 절삭후에 있어서, 절삭표면의 양부를 표면거칠이에 의해 판정했다. 그 결과는, 표18∼표33에 (보이다)가리키는 길(종류)였다. 그런데, 표면거칠이의 기준으로서는 최대높이(Rolax)가 사용되는 것이 대부분, 황동제 l 품의 용도에도 의하지만, 일반적으로, R 혈 ax101 [바] 1이면 지극히 쾌삭성에 뛰어 나는 (이)라고 판단할 수가 있어, 1014혈≤R 혈 ax15β피이면 공낙적으로 만족할 수 있는 쾌삭성을 얻을 수 있었던 것으로 판단할 수 있고, R 혈 ax≥15βm의 경우에는 쾌삭성에 뒤떨어지는 것으로 판단할 수 있다. 표18∼표33에 있어서는, R 111 aX104혈의 경우를 rO」로, 10βm≤Rloax151βm의 경우를 r△」로, Rlllax≥154 m의 경우를 rX」로 (보이다)가리켰다.In addition, after cutting, both parts of the cutting surface were determined by surface roughening. The result was the way (kind) indicated by Table 18-33. By the way, as the basis of the surface roughness, most of the maximum height (Rolax) is used, but also based on the use of brass products, generally, R blood ax If it is 1, it can be judged that it is extremely excellent in free machinability, and 1014 blood ≤ R blood ax If it is 15 beta blood, it can be judged that the free machinability satisfactorily satisfactory was obtained, and in the case of R blood ax≥15 beta m, it can be judged that it is inferior to free machinability. In Tables 18-33, R 111 aX In the case of 104 blood, rO '', 10βm≤Rloax The case of 151βm is indicated by rΔ 'and the case of Rlllax≥154m is indicated by rX''.

표18∼표33에 (보이다)가리키는 절삭시험의 결과로부터 분명하도록(것같이), 제1발명합금 No.1001∼No.1007,제2발명합금 No.2001- No.2006,제3발명합금 No.3001∼No.3010,제4발명합금 No.4001∼No.4021,제5발명합금 No.5001∼No.5020,제6발명합금 No.6001∼N9·6045,제7발명합금 No.7001∼No.7029, 제8발명합금 No.8001∼No.8008,제9발명합금 No.9001∼No.9006,제10발명합금 No.10001∼No.10008,제11발명합금 No.11001∼No.11011및 제12발명합금 No.12001∼No.12004는, 그 아뭏든 에 있어서도, 납을 대량에 함유하는 종래 합금 No.13001∼No.13003와 동등의 쾌삭성을 갖는 것이다. 특히, 절삭 가루의 생성상태에 한해서는, 납함유량이 0.1중량% 이하 인 종래 합금 No.13004∼No.13006에 비하여 서는 물론, 납을 대량에 함유하는 종래 합금 No.13001∼No.13003에 비하더라도, 양호한 쾌삭성을 갖는다. 또한, 제1발명합금 No.1006及No.1007에 비하여, 이것을 열처리한 제12발명합금 No.12001∼No.12004는 동등이상의 쾌삭성을 갖고 있고, 합금조성등의 조건에 따라서는, 열처리에 의해 제1∼제11발명합금의 쾌삭성을 더욱 향상시켜 얻는 것이 이해된다.From the results of the cutting test indicated in Tables 18 to 33, the first invention alloys Nos. 1001 to 1007, the second invention alloys No. 2001- No. 2006, and the third invention alloy No. 3001 to No. 3010, 4th invention alloy No. 4001 to No. 4021, 5th invention alloy No. 5001 to No. 5020, 6th invention alloy No. 6001 to N9, 6045, 7th invention alloy No. 7001 to No.7029, 8th invention alloy No.8001 to No.8008, 9th invention alloy No.9001 to No.9006, 10th invention alloy No.10001 to No.10008, 11th invention alloy No.11001 to No.11011 and No.12001 to No.12004 of the twelfth invention have the same high machinability as those of conventional alloys No.13001 to No.13003 containing a large amount of lead even in any of them. Particularly, in the state of producing the cutting powder, it is compared with the conventional alloys No.13004 to No.13006 having a lead content of 0.1% by weight or less, as well as the conventional alloy Nos. 13001 to No.13003 containing a large amount of lead. And good free machinability. In addition, the first invention alloy No.1006 Compared to No.1007, the 12th invention alloys No.12001 to No.12004 which heat-treated this had the same or more free machinability, and, depending on the conditions of alloy composition, etc., the goodness of the 1st to 11th invention alloys was achieved by heat treatment. It is understood that the machinability is further improved.

다음에, 제1∼제12발명합금의 熟間加工性 및 기계적성질을, 종래 합금과의 비교에 있어서 확인하도록, 다음과 같은 熱鬪壓縮試驗 及한장력시험을 했다.Next, in order to confirm the maturation and mechanical properties of the first to twelfth invention alloys in comparison with conventional alloys, One tension test.

즉, 상기과 같이 하여 얻어진 各押出材로부터 동일형상(외경15 mm, 길이25혈m)의 제1벗책2시험편을 말을 꺼내었다. 그리고, 熟問壓縮試驗에 있어서는, 각 제1시험편을 700℃에 가열하여 30분문보지한 위, 축선방향에 7096의 압축율로 압축(제1시험편의 높이(길이)가 25 m 혈로부터 7.5 m m이 될 때까지 압축)하여, 압축뒤(후)의 표면형태(700℃ 변형능)을 목시판정했다. 그 결과는, 표18∼표33에 (보이다)가리키는 길(종류)였다. 변형능의 판정은 시험편측면에 있어서의 crack의 상태로부터 목시에 의해 하여, 표18∼표33에 있어서는, crack이 전혀 생기지 않은 것을 rO」로, 작은 crack이 생긴 것을 「△」로, 큰 crack이 생긴 것을 rXj에서 (보이다)가리켰다. 또한, 각 제2시험편을 사용하여, 常法 에 의한 한장력시험을 행동, 인장강함(N/m m 2)및 신장하여 (96)를 측정했다.That is, the first naked body of the same shape (outer diameter 15 mm, length 25 blood m) from the 各 押出 各 押 obtained as described above Book 2 test piece was taken out. And, in mature, each first test piece was heated at 700 ° C for 30 minutes, and then compressed at a compression rate of 7096 in the axial direction (the height (length) of the first test piece was 7.5 mm from 25 m blood). To the surface of the substrate (700 deg. C deformability) after visual compression was visually determined. The result was the way (kind) indicated by Table 18-33. Determination of the deformation capacity was visually determined from the state of the crack on the test piece side surface. In Tables 18 to 33, no crack was formed in rO '', small crack was formed in "△", and large crack was generated. Pointed out in rXj (shown). In addition, using each second test piece, the tensile strength test (N / mm 2) and elongation were carried out according to the kinematic method, and (96) was measured.

표18∼표33에 (보이다)가리키는 熟間壓縮試驗 및 한장력시험의 결과로부터, 제1∼제12발명합금은, 종래 합금 No.13001∼No.13004및 No.13006와 同等若 しくはそれ 이상의 熟聞可工性 及 ぴ 기계적성질을 갖는 것여, 공업적으로 적합하게 사용할 수 있는 것이 확인되었다. 특히, 제7발명합금에 관해서는, Jl S에 규정되는 신동품의 안에서 강마에 가장 뛰어 나는 알루미늄청동으로 あら 종래 합금 No.13005와 동등의 기계적성상을 갖는 것여, 고력성에 뛰어난다. 것이 이해된다.From the results of the maturity test and the tension test, Tables 1-33 show that the first to twelfth invention alloys are the same as the conventional alloys No.13001 to No.13004 and No.13006. It was confirmed that it has the above-mentioned maturity and mechanical properties, and can be used suitably industrially. In particular, regarding the seventh invention alloy, aluminum bronze, which is the most excellent among the new products specified in Jl S, has the mechanical properties equivalent to that of conventional alloy No.13005, and is excellent in high strength. It is understood.

또한, 제1∼제6발명합금및 제8∼제12발명합금의 내식성 및 내응력부식깨어져성을, 종래 합금과의 비교에 있어서 확인하도록, rl S 06509」에 정하는 방법에 よる 脫亞鉛膚敏試驗 及 ぴ rJIS H3250」에 규정되는 應力膚蝕割 れ 시험을 했다.In addition, the corrosion resistance and the stress corrosion cracking properties of the first to sixth invention alloys and the eighth to twelfth invention alloys are determined in accordance with the method specified in rl S 06509 to confirm the comparison with conventional alloys.試驗 れ test as specified in rJIS H3250 ”was conducted.

즉, rl S 06509」의 脫亞鉛腐蝕試驗에 있어서는, 各押出材으로부터 채취한 시료를, 폭로시료표면이 當該押出材의 압출 방향에 대하여 직각이(로) 되 도록(것같이) 하여 phenol resin재에 묻어 둬, 시료표면을 Emery지에 의해 1200번까지 연마한 뒤(후), 이것을 순수중에서 초음파세정하여 건조했다. 이리 하여 얻어진 被膚蝕試驗試科를, 1.096의 염화제2강2물합염(CuC12·2 H 20)의 수용액(12.7 g/1)중에 신 [가] 하여, 75℃의 溫魔條件下로 24시간보지한 뒤(후), 수용액중에서 꺼내어, 그 脫亞鉛腐蝕深 さの 최대치(j 大脫亞鉛膚蝕深요)를 측정했다. 그 결과는, 표18∼표25및 표28∼표33에 (보이다)가리키는 길(종류)였다.In other words, in the case of rl S 06509 '', the sample taken from the extraction is made so that the exposed sample surface is perpendicular to the extrusion direction of the extraction. Buried in a resin material, the surface of the sample was polished up to 1200 times with Emery paper (after), and then ultrasonically washed in pure water and dried. The obtained resultant was added to an aqueous solution (12.7 g / 1) of 1.096 cupric chloride dihydrate (CuC12 · 2H20), followed by 75 ° C. After holding for 24 hours (after), the resultant was taken out of the aqueous solution, and the maximum value (j 大 脫 亞 鉛 膚 蝕 深 요) was measured. The result was the way (kind) to show in Tables 18-25, and 28-33.

표18∼표25및 표28∼표33에 (보이다)가리키는 脫亞鉛膚蝕試驗의 결과로부터 이해되 도록(것같이), 제1∼제4발명합금및 제8∼제12발명합금은, 대 i의 납을 함유하는 종래 합금 No.13001∼No.13003에 비하여 뛰어난 내식성을 갖아, 특히, 쾌삭성과 같이 내식성의 한편(더욱) 위를 꾀한 제5및 제6발명합금에 관해서는, Jl S에 규정되는 신동품의 안에서 내 f 蝕性에 가장 뛰어 나는 Naval황동인 종래 합금 No.13006에 비하더라도 지극히 뛰어난 내 l 蝕性을 갖는 것이 확인되었다.As can be understood from the results of 는 (shown in Tables 18 to 25 and Tables 28 to 33), the first to fourth invention alloys and the eighth to twelfth invention alloys, Compared with the conventional alloys Nos. 13001 to No. 13003 containing lead of large i, the fifth and sixth invention alloys having superior corrosion resistance, in particular, such as high machinability, are designed to have higher corrosion resistance. It was confirmed that it has extremely superior resistance against the conventional alloy No.13006, which is Naval brass, which is the most excellent in resistance to corrosion among the new products specified in the above.

또한, 「JIS H3250」의 응력부식깨어져 시험에 있어서는, 各押出材으로부터 길이150 m m의 시료를 말을 꺼내어, 각 시료를, 그 중앙부를 반경40 mm의 円弧狀治具에 댄 상태로, 그 일단부가 것 외단부에 대하여 45.로 되 도록(것같이) 때 곡시켜, 시험편으로 했다. 이렇게하여 인장잔류응력을 부가된 각 시험편을 탈지, 건조처리한 위, 12.596의 암모니아물(암모니아를 등1의 순물로 묽게한 것)을 넣은 [데시게타] 안의 암모니아券圍氣(25℃)중에 보지시켰다. 즉, 각 시험편을 [데시게타] 안에서의 암모니아수면에서 약80 m m 윗쪽의 위치에 보지한다. 그리고, 시험편의 암모니아券圍氣中 에 있어서의 보지시간이, 2시간, 8시간, 24시간을 경과한 시점에서, 시험편을 [데시게타] 로부터 집어내어, 1096의 황산으로 세정한 위, 해당 시험편의 깨어짐의 유무를 확대경계(배율: 10배)로 시인했다. 그 결과는,In addition, in the stress corrosion cracking test of "JIS H3250", a sample of 150 mm in length was taken out from the spout, and each sample was placed in a state where the center part was attached to a 40 mm radius tool. The bend was made to be 45. with respect to the outer end to make a test piece. After degreasing and drying the specimens to which the tensile residual stress was applied, ammonia 券 圍 氣 (25 ° C) in [Decigeta] containing 12.596 ammonia (diluted ammonia with pure water, etc. 1) was added. I got it. That is, each specimen is held at a position approximately 80 mm above the surface of ammonia in [Decighetta]. And when the holding time in the ammonia of a test piece passed 2 hours, 8 hours, and 24 hours, the test piece was picked up from [Decigeta] and the said test piece was wash | cleaned with 1096 sulfuric acid. We acknowledged the presence or absence of cracking at a magnification boundary (magnification: 10x). The result is,

표1:8,표25및 표28∼표33에 (보이다)가리키는 길(종류)였다. 이것들의 표에 있어서는, 암모니아券圍氣中 에서의 보지시간이 2시간인 경우에 명료한 깨어짐이 인정을 받은 것에 관해서는 rXX」·그래서 2시간경과때에 있어서는 깨어짐이 인정을 받지 않았지만, 8시간경과때에 있어서는 명료한 깨어짐이 인정을 받은 것에 관해서는 rX」로, 8시간경과때에 있어서는 깨어짐이 인정을 받지 않았지만, 24시간경과때에 있어서는 명족인 (나누다)할인한다 れが 認 lr△ j에서, 24시간경과때에 있어서도 깨어짐이 전혀 인정을 받지 않은 것에 관해서는 rO」로 (보이다)가리켰다.Table 1: 8, Table 25, and Tables 28-33 indicated the way (kind). In these tables, when the holding time in ammonia was 2 hours, the clear break was recognized as rXX ''. So, the break was not recognized after 2 hours, but 8 hours. In the elapsed time, when the clear break was recognized as rX, the break was not recognized in the elapsed time after 8 hours, but in the elapsed time after 24 hours, the discount is divided. れ) 認 l In r Δ j, it is indicated as “rO” for the fact that the crack is not recognized at all even after 24 hours.

표18∼표25및 표28∼표33에 (보이다)가리키는 응력부식깨어져 시험의 결과로부터 이해되 도록(것같이), 쾌삭성과 같이 내식성의 향상을 꾀한 제5및 제6발명합금에 관해서는 물론, 내식성 에 관해서는 각별한 배려를 하지 않고 있는 제1∼제4發明合金 及 ぴ 제8∼제12발명합금에 관해서도, 아연을 포함하지 않는 알루미늄청동인 종래 합금 No.13005와 동등의 내응력부식깨어져 성을 갖아, JIS에 규정되는 신동품의 안에서 내식성에 가장 뛰어 나는 Naval황동인 종래 합금 No.130.06보다 뛰어난 내응력부식깨어져 성을 갖는 것이 확인되었다.As shown in Tables 18 to 25 and Tables 28 to 33, as well as the fifth and sixth invention alloys for improving corrosion resistance, such as free machinability, as understood from the results of the test, the stress corrosion is broken. Stress corrosion resistance equivalent to that of conventional alloy No.13005, which is aluminum bronze, does not contain zinc, even in the first to fourth alloys of the first to fourth invented alloys, which do not pay special attention to corrosion resistance. It was confirmed that it had the resistance to stress corrosion cracking superior to the conventional alloy No.130.06 which is Naval brass which has the property and is excellent in corrosion resistance among the new copper products prescribed | regulated to JIS.

또한, 제8∼제11발명합금의 내고온연화성을, 종래 합금과의 비교에 있어서 확인하도록, 다음과 같은 산화시험을 했다.In addition, the following oxidation test was carried out to confirm the high temperature softening resistance of the eighth to eleventh invention alloys in comparison with the conventional alloy.

즉, 各押出材 No.8001∼No.8008, No.9001∼No.9006, No.10001∼No.10008, No.11001∼No.11011及 ぴ No.13001∼13006로부터, 외경이 14 mm이(로) 되 도록(것같이) 표면감삭되어 또한 길이30혈 m에 절단된 만 막대장의 시험편을 얻어, 각 시험편의 중1(이하 r 연화전실1」(라)고 한다)를 측정했다. 어떤(꾸짖는) 뒤(후), 각 시험편을, 자성뿌리소용돌이에 수납한 상태로, 500℃에 보지되었다, 기화로내에 방치했다. 그리고, 放置時閣가 100시간을 경과한 시점에서, 기화로로부터 집어내어, 각 시험편의 중1(이하 r 연화후 중1 j라는)을 측정한 위, 연화전중1과 산화후 31와 から 연화증가1를 산출했다. 여기에, 산화증가1란(와는), ·시험편의 표면적10 c 혈2당의 산화에 의한 증가중1(m g)의 정도·度를 (보이다)가리키는 것여, 「산화증가1(m g/10 c m 2)=(연화후 실1(mg)-산화전중1(m g))×(10 c m 2/시험편의 표면적(c m 2)」That is, from No.8001 to No.8008, No.9001 to No.9006, No.10001 to No.10008, No.11001 to No.11011 及 No.13001 to 13006, the outer diameter is 14 mm Ten thousand rod-shaped test pieces were cut to have a surface cut and cut to 30 m in length so as to measure 1 of each test piece (hereinafter referred to as r softening chamber 1). After some time, it was left at 500 degreeC in the state which stored each test piece in the magnetic root whirlpool, and was left in the vaporization furnace. Then, after 100 hours have passed, the pick-up was taken from the vaporization furnace to measure 1 of each specimen (hereinafter referred to as 1 j after softening), and 1 before softening and 31 after oxidation. The softening increase1 was calculated. Herein, the term "oxidation increase 1" indicates the degree and degree of 1 (mg) during the increase due to oxidation of the surface area of the test piece 10 c blood 2 sugar, and indicates that "oxidation increase 1 (mg / 10 cm 2). ) = (Silk 1 (mg)-1 (mg) before oxidation) x (10 cm 2 / surface area of the test piece after softening (cm 2) ''

의 식으로부터 산출된 것이다. 즉, 각 시험편의 산화후 실1은 산화전중1보다 증가하고 있지만, 이것은 고온연화에 의한 것이다. 즉, 고온에 바래면(니) , 산소와 동, 아연, 규소와가 결합하여 Cu20, Zn 0, Si02이(로) 되어, 그 산소증가분에 의해 아동1이 증가하는 것이다. :따라서, 이 증가중1의 정도(산화증가1)가 작은 정도, 내고온구화성에 우수하다는 것이 (할수있다)되어, 표28∼표31및 표33에 (보이다)가리키는 결과가(로) 되었다.It is calculated from the equation That is, the yarn 1 after oxidation of each test piece is increasing than that before the oxidation 1, but this is due to high temperature softening. In other words, when high temperature (nee), oxygen, copper, zinc, and silicon combine to form Cu20, Zn0, and Si02, the child 1 increases due to the oxygen increase. Therefore, the degree of 1 (oxidation increase 1) of this increase was small and excellent in high temperature hardening resistance, and the results indicated in Tables 28 to 31 and 33 were shown. .

표23∼표31및 표33에 (보이다)가리키는 산화시험의 결과로부터 분명하도록( 것같이), 제8∼제11발명합금의 酸化增旦는, Jl S에 규정되는 신동품의 안에서도 고도의 내고온산화성을 갖는 알루미늄청동인 종래 합금 No.13005와 동등 이며, 다른 종래 합금보다는 지극히 작고 [나] ±っている.따라서, 제8∼제11발명합금이, 쾌삭성에 가하여, 내고온산화성에도 지극히 뛰어난 것. 그러나 확인되었다.As is clear from the results of the oxidation test shown in Tables 23 to 31 and 33, the oxidization of the eighth to eleventh invention alloys is highly resistant to high temperature in the new products specified in Jl S. It is equivalent to the conventional alloy No.13005, which is aluminum bronze with chemical properties, and is much smaller than other conventional alloys, and is less than ± B. Therefore, the eighth to eleventh invention alloys are excellent in high temperature oxidation resistance in addition to high machinability. that. But it was confirmed.

또한, 제2의 실시예 로서, 표9∼표11에 (보이다)가리키는 조성의 주괴(외경100 mm, 길이200 m m의 원주형상의 것)을 熟聞(700℃)로 외경35 mm의 만 棒伏에 押出加工 하고, 제7발명합금 No.7001 a∼No.7029 a를 얻었다. 또한, 제2의 비교예 로서, 표17에 (보이다)가리키는 조성의 주괴(외경100 m m, 길이200 m m의 원주형상의 것)을 熟聞(700℃)로 押出加工 하고, 외경35 m 혈의 만 棒狀押出材(이하 r 종래 합금 j라는) No.13001 a∼No.13006 a를 얻었다. 또, No.7001 a∼No.7029 a 및 No.1300.1 a∼No.13006 a는, 각기, 전기한 동합금 No.7001∼No.7029及 ぴ No.13001∼No.13006와 동일의 합금조성을 하는 것이다.In addition, as a second embodiment, the ingots (outer diameter of 100 mm and the columnar shape of length 200 mm) of the composition shown in Tables 9 to 11 (around 100 mm and a length of 200 mm) were matured (700 ° C.) with a bay diameter of 35 mm. It was added to the paste, and the seventh invention alloys No.7001a to No.7029a were obtained. In addition, as a second comparative example, shown in Table 17, the ingot of the composition (circumferential shape of 100 mm in outer diameter and 200 mm in length) was pressed out at a mature temperature (700 ° C.) to an outer diameter of 35 m blood. Nos. 13001a to No.13006a were obtained. Further, Nos. 7001 a to No. 7029 a and Nos. 1300.1 a to No. 13006 a each have the same alloy composition as those of the previously described copper alloy Nos. 7001 to No. 7029 及 No. 13001 to No. 13006. will be.

그리고, 제7발명합금 No.7001 a∼No.7029 a의 내마모성을, 종래 합금 No.13001 a∼No.13006 a와의 비교에 있어서 확인하도록, 다음과 같은 마모시험을 했다.Then, the following wear test was conducted to confirm the wear resistance of the seventh invention alloy Nos. 7001a to No. 7029a in comparison with conventional alloys No.13001a to No.13006a.

즉, 상기과 같이 하여 얻어진 各押出材로부터, 그 외주면을 절삭한 위, 구멍 새벽녘 加工 及 ぴ 절단가공을 베푸는 것에 의해, 외경32혈 m, 두께(축선방향길이)10 m m의 ring보조자시험편을 얻은 위, 각 시험편을 회전자재인 축에 嵌合固定하여, 이것과 축총을 평행으로 하는 외경48혈 m의 SUS304제 roll에 50 k g의 하중을 (빠지다)걸어 억압접촉시킨 상태에 보지시킨다. 어떤(꾸짖는) 뒤(후), SUS304제 roll및 こわに 轉接 하는 시험편을, 해당 시험편의 외주면에 multi Oil을 적하하면서, 동일회전수(209 r.p.피. )로 回轉驅區動 시킨다. 그리고, 해당 시험편의 회전수가 10만회에 遠 한 시점에서, SUS304제 roll및 시험편의 회전을 정지하여, 각 시험편의 회전전후에 있어서의 중량차이즉 마모감량(m g)을 측정했다. 이러한 마모감소하여 1가 적은 정도, 내마모성에 뛰어난 동합금이라는 것이 (할수있다)되지만, 그 결과는, 표34∼표36에 (보이다)가리키는 길(종류)였다.In other words, from the above-mentioned cutout, the outer circumferential surface was cut, and the cut assistant test piece having an outer diameter of 32 blood m and a thickness (axial length) of 10 mm was obtained by giving a cutting process at the dawn of the hole. Each test piece is matched to a shaft which is a rotating material, and a 50 kg load is applied to the roll made of SUS304 having an outer diameter of 48 blood m in parallel with the shaft gun, and held in a state of being pressed under pressure. After a certain number of times, a roll made of SUS304 and a thickened test piece are moved at the same rotational speed (209 r.p. p.) While dropping multi oil on the outer peripheral surface of the test piece. And when the rotation speed of this test piece was set to 100,000 times, rotation of the roll made from SUS304 and the test piece was stopped, and the weight difference, ie, the wear loss (m g), before and after the rotation of each test piece was measured. Although it can be said that it is a copper alloy excellent in abrasion resistance to such an extent that abrasion reduction was small, the result was the way (kind) indicated by Table 34-36.

표34∼표36에 (보이다)가리키는 마모시험의 결과로부터 분명하도록(것같이), 제7발명합금 No.700:1 a∼No.7029 a는, 종래 합금 No.13001∼No.13004及 ぴ No.13006에 비하여 서는 물론, Jl S에 규정되는 신동품의 안에서 내마모성에 가장 뛰어 나는 알루미늄청동인 종래 합금 No.13005에 비하더라도, 내마모성이 뛰어 나는 것이 확인되었다. 따라서, 상기한 한장력시험의 결과를도 고려하여 종합적으로 판단한 경우, 제7발명합금은, 쾌삭성에 가하여, Jl S에 규정되는 신동품의 안에서 내마모성에 가장 뛰어 나는 알루미늄청동과 동등이상의 고력성, 내 f 麻耗性를 갖는 것이다는 것이 (할수있다)된다.From the results of the abrasion test indicated in Tables 34 to 36, the seventh invention alloy Nos. 700: 1 a to No. 7029 a are conventional alloys No. 13001 to No. 13004. In addition to No.13006, it was confirmed that the wear resistance specified in Jl S was superior to conventional alloy No.13005, which is aluminum bronze, which is the most excellent in wear resistance. Therefore, in the case of comprehensively considering the results of the above-mentioned tension test, the seventh invention alloy, in addition to high machinability, has high strength and resistance equal to or higher than aluminum bronze, which is the most excellent in wear resistance among the new products specified in Jl S. It is possible to have f 를 性.

청구의 범위Claim

동69∼79중량%와 규소2.0∼4.0중량%와 납0.02∼0.4중량%를 함유하여, 또한 나머지 부분이 아연으로 이루어지는 합금조성을 하는 것을 특징과 하는 쾌삭성동합금.A free-cutting copper alloy comprising 69 to 79% by weight of copper, 2.0 to 4.0% by weight of silicon, and 0.02 to 0.4% by weight of lead, and further comprising an alloy composed of zinc.

동69∼79중1 j% 6과, 규소2.0~4.0중량%와, 납0.02∼0.4중j% 6과, 비스무스0.02∼0.4중량%, 텔루르0.02∼0.4중량%및 셀렌0.02∼0.4중량%부터 선택된 1종의 원소를 함유하여, 또한 나머지 부분이 아연으로 이루어지는 합금조성을 하는 것을 특징과 하는 쾌삭성동합금.1 j% 6 in 69-79, 2.0-4.0 wt% of silicon, and 0.02-0.4 in lead A high-quality cutting material comprising j% 6, bismuth 0.02-0.4% by weight, tellurium 0.02-0.4% by weight, and selenium 0.02-0.4% by weight, and the remaining part is formed of an alloy composed of zinc. Sungdong alloy.

동70∼80중량%과, 규소1.8∼3.5히로시196와, 납0.02∼0.4중량%와, 녹0.3∼3.5중량%, 알루미늄1.0∼3.5중량%및 인0.02∼0.25중19%부터 선택된 1적이상의 원소를 함유하여, 또한 나머지 부분이 아연으로 이루어지는 합금조성을 하는 것을 특징과 하는 쾌삭성동합금.70-80% by weight, silicon 1.8-3.5 Hiro 196, lead 0.02-0.4% by weight, rust 0.3-3.5%, aluminum 1.0-3.5% by weight and phosphorus 0.02-0.25 selected from 19% A free cutting copper alloy containing an element and further comprising an alloy composed of zinc.

동70∼80중량%와, 규소1.8∼3.5중량%와, 납0.02∼0.4중량%와, ·동0.3∼3.5중량%, 알루미늄1.0∼3.5중량%및 인0.02∼0.25중량%으로부터 선택된 1적이상의 원소와, 비스무스0.02∼0.4중량%, 텔루르0.02∼0.4중량%及 ぴ 셀렌0.02∼0.4중량%부터 선택된 1종의 원소를 함유하여, 또한 나머지 부분이 아연으로 이루어지는 합금조성을 하는 것을 특징과 하는 쾌삭성동합금.One or more selected from 70 to 80 wt% copper, 1.8 to 3.5 wt% silicon, 0.02 to 0.4 wt% lead, 0.3 to 3.5 wt% copper, 1.0 to 3.5 wt% aluminum and 0.02 to 0.25 wt% phosphorus An element and a bismuth 0.02 to 0.4% by weight, tellurium 0.02 to 0.4% by weight 及 selenium containing one element selected from 0.02 to 0.4% by weight, and the remaining portion is a free-cut copper, characterized in that to form an alloy consisting of zinc alloy.

동69∼79동1%와, 규소2.0∼4.0중량%과, 납0.02∼0.4중량%와, 동0.3∼3.53196,인0.02∼0.25중량%, 안티몬0.02∼0.151196및 砒素 0.02∼0.15중량%으로부터 선택된 1종이상의 원소를 함유하여, 또한 나머지 부분이 아연으로 이루어지는 합금조성을 하는 것을 특징과 하는 쾌삭성동합금.69% to 79% copper, 2.0% to 4.0% silicon, 0.02% to 0.4% lead, 0.3% to 3.53196 phosphorus, 0.02% to 0.25% phosphorus, 0.02 to 0.151196% and 0.02% to 0.15% A high machinability copper alloy containing at least one element, and further comprising an alloy composed of zinc.

동69∼79중량%와, 규소2.0~4.0중량%와, 납0.02∼0.4중량%와, 주석0.3∼3.5중량%, 인0.02∼0.25중량%, 안티몬0.02∼0.15중량%및 砒素 0.02∼0.15중량%으로부터 선택된 1종이상의 원소와, 비스무스0.02∼0.4중량%, 텔루르0.02∼0∴ 4重且 96 及 ぴ 셀렌0.02∼0.4중량9%부터 선택된 1종의 원소를 함유하여, 또한 나머지 부분이 아연으로 이루어지는 합금조성을 하는 것을 특징과 하는 쾌삭성동합금.69-79 wt% copper, 2.0-4.0 wt% silicon, 0.02-0.4 wt% lead, 0.3-3.5 wt% tin, 0.02-0.25 wt% phosphorus, 0.02-0.15 wt% antimony and 0.02-0.15 wt% At least one element selected from%, bismuth 0.02 to 0.4% by weight, tellurium 0.02 to 0% 4 weights 96% at least one element selected from 0.02 to 0.4% by weight, the remainder being zinc A free cutting copper alloy characterized in that the alloy composition is made.

7.동62∼78중량%와, 규소2.5∼4.5중량%와, 납0.02∼0.4중량%와, 전0.3∼3.0중량%, 알루미늄0.2∼2.5 Wataru196및 인0.02∼0.. 25중량%으로부터 선택된 1종이상의 원소와, 망간0.7∼3.5동19% 及 ぴ 니켈l0.7∼3.5중량%으로부터 선택된 1종이상의 원소를 함유하여, 또한 나머지 부분이 아연으로 이루어지는 합금조성을 하는 것을 특징과 하는 쾌삭성동합금.7. Selected from 62-78 wt% copper, 2.5-4.5 wt% silicon, 0.02-0.4 wt% lead, 0.3-3.0 wt% total, 0.2-2.5 Wataru196 aluminum and 0.02-0..25 wt% phosphorous A free-cutting copper alloy containing at least one element and manganese 0.7-3.5 copper 19% nickel nickel at least one element selected from 0.7-3.5% by weight, and further comprising an alloy composed of zinc. .

8.동69∼79중량%,규소2.0∼4.0중량%,납0.02∼0.4중량%, 알루미늄0.1∼1.5중량%및 인0.02∼0.25중량%를 함유하여, 또한 나머지 부분이 아연으로 이루어지는 합금조성을 하는 것을 특징과 하는 쾌삭성동합금.8. Containing 69-79 wt% copper, 2.0-4.0 wt% silicon, 0.02-0.4 wt% lead, 0.1-1.5 wt% aluminum and 0.02-0.25 wt% phosphorus A free cutting copper alloy characterized by the above-mentioned.

9.동69∼79중량%와, 규소2.0∼4.0중량%와, 납·0.02∼0.4중량%와, 알루미늄0.1∼1.5중량%와, 인0.02∼0.25중량%와, 비스무스0.02∼0.4중량%, 텔루르0.02∼0.4중량%及 ぴ 셀렌0.02∼0.4중량%으로부터 선택된 1종의 원소를 함유하여, 또한 나머지 부분이 아연으로 이루어지는 합금조성을 하는 동합금.9. 69-79 wt% copper, 2.0-4.0 wt% silicon, 0.02-0.4 wt% lead, 0.1-1.5 wt% aluminum, 0.02-0.25 wt% phosphorus, 0.02-0.4 wt% bismuth, Tellurium A copper alloy containing an element selected from 0.02 to 0.4% by weight 及 selenium and 0.02 to 0.4% by weight, and the remaining part of which is made of zinc.

10.동69∼79중량%와, 규소2.0~4.0중량%와, 납0.02∼0.4중량%와, 알루미늄0.1∼1.5중량%와, 인0.02∼0.25중량%와, Chrome0.02∼0.4중량%及 ぴ 티타늄0.02∼0.4중량%으로부터 선택된 1종이상의 원소를 함유하여, 또한 나머지 부분이 아연으로 이루어지는 합금조성을 하는 것을 특징과 하는 쾌삭성동합금.10.69-79 wt% copper, 2.0-4.0 wt% silicon, 0.02-0.4 wt% lead, 0.1-1.5 wt% aluminum, 0.02-0.25 wt% phosphorus, 0.02-0.4 wt% chrome (B) a free-cutting copper alloy containing at least one element selected from 0.02 to 0.4% by weight of titanium, and further comprising an alloy composed of zinc.

11.동69∼79중량%과, 규소2.0∼4.0垂 196와, 납0.02∼0.4중1 i%와, 알루미늄0.1∼1.5중1 j% 6과, 인0.02∼0.25중량%와, Chrome0.02∼0.4중량%및 티타늄0.02∼0.4중량%으로부터 선택된 1종이상의 원소와, 비스무스0.02∼0.4중 i96, 텔루르0.02∼0∴ 4중량9% 及 ぴ 셀렌0.02∼0.4중량%으로부터 선택된 1종의 원소를 함유하여, 또한 나머지 부분이 아연으로 이루어지는 합금조성을 하는 것을 특징과 하는 쾌삭성동합금.11.69-79 wt% copper, 2.0-4.0 垂 196 silicon, 1 i% of lead 0.02-0.4, 1 j% 6 in 0.1-1.5 aluminum, phosphorus 0.02-0.25 wt%, Chrome0.02 At least one element selected from -0.4% by weight and from 0.02% to 0.4% by weight of titanium, and at least one element selected from i96, tellurium from 0.02% to 0%, 4% by weight of 4%, and from 0.02% to 0.4% by weight of selenium. A high machinability copper alloy, characterized in that the remaining portion is made of an alloy composed of zinc.

12.400∼600℃로 30분∼5시간열처리한 것을 특징으로 한다, 청구항1,청구항2,청구항3,청구항4,청구항5,청구항6,청구항7,청구항8,청구항9,청구항10또는 청구항11에 기재하는 쾌삭성동합금.30 minutes to 5 hours at 12.400 to 600 DEG C., claim 1, claim 2, claim 3, claim 4, claim 5, claim 6, claim 7, claim 8, claim 9, claim 10 or claim 11. Free cutting copper alloy to list.

요약서Summary

본 발명의 쾌삭성동합금는, 납의 함유량을 종래의 쾌삭성동합금에 비하여 대폭 저감시키면서도, 공업적으로 충분 만족할 수 있는 쾌삭성을 확보할 수 있는 것이고, 동69∼79중량%,규소2.0~4.0중량%및 납0.02∼0.4중량%를 함유하여, 또한 나머지 부분이 아연으로 이루어지는 합금조성을 하는 것이다.The high machinability copper alloy of the present invention can secure industrially satisfactory high machinability while significantly reducing the content of lead compared to conventional high machinability copper alloys, and is 69 to 79 wt% of silicon and 2.0 to 4.0 wt% of silicon. And 0.02 to 0.4% by weight of lead, and the alloy is composed of zinc in the remaining part.

명세서Specification

무연法削性동합금Lead Free Copper Alloy

伎術分野伎 術 分野

본 발명은, 납성분을 함유하여 ない 쾌삭성동합금 에 관하는 것이다.This invention relates to a free high machinability copper alloy containing a lead component.

배경기술Background

쾌삭성에 뛰어난 동합금으로서, 일반적으로, JIS H5111BC6등의 청동계합금이나 JIS H3250-C3604, C 3771등의 황동계합금이 알려지고 있다. 이들은 1.0~6.0중량%정도의 납을 함유함으로써 쾌삭성을 향상시킨 것여, 공업적으로 만족할 수 있는 쾌삭성을 확보한 것이다.Generally as a copper alloy excellent in free machinability, bronze alloys, such as JIS H5111BC6, and brass alloys, such as JIS H3250-C3604, C3771, are known. These have improved lead machinability by containing about 1.0 to 6.0 weight% of lead, and ensured the machinability which can be industrially satisfied.

납을 함유하는 동합금은, 상기한 如 く 쾌삭성에 뛰어 나는 것으로부터, 종래부터도 여러가지의 제품(예컨대, 상수도용배관의 물마개금구, 급배수금구, 벨브 등)의 구성재로서 중보되어 있다. 그러나, 납이 인체나 환경에 愕影響를 미치게 하는 유해물질이다고 쯤에서, 근래에 있어서는, 그 용도가 대폭 제한되는 경향에 있다. 예컨대, 합금의 용해, 주조등의 고온작업때에 발생하는 금속증기에는 납성분이 포함되는 게 되어, 혹 음료수등과의 접촉에 의해 물마개금구이나 辯等로부터 납성분이 용출하는 虞 わがあ p, 인체나 환경위생상문제가 있다.Since copper alloy containing lead is excellent in the above-mentioned high machinability, it is conventionally mediated as a constituent material of various products (for example, a water stopper, a water supply drainage, a valve, etc. of water supply piping). However, since lead is a toxic substance that causes harmful effects on the human body and the environment, in recent years, its use tends to be greatly limited. For example, metal vapor generated during high temperature work such as melting of alloys or castings may contain lead components, and lead components may be eluted from water stoppers or waters by contact with beverages, etc. I have an environmental hygiene problem.

그래서(거기서), 근래, 미국등의 선진국에서는 동합금에 있어서의 납함유량을 대폭 제한하는 경향에 있어, 우리나라에서도 납함유량을 가급적에 저감한 괘삭성동합금의 개발이 강히 요청되어 있다.Therefore, in recent years, developed countries such as the United States have tended to limit the lead content in copper alloys significantly, and in Korea, there is a strong demand for the development of roughened copper alloys in which lead content is reduced as much as possible.

발명의 개시Disclosure of the Invention

본 발명의 목적은, 쾌삭성개선원소 인 납성분을 전혀 포함하지 않는 에도 불구하고, 지극히 쾌삭성이 풍부한 것여, 납을 대량에 함유하는 종래의 쾌삭성동합금의 대체재료로서 안전히 사용할 수 있는 것여, 切層의 재활용등: 을 포함해서 환경위생상의 문제가 전혀 없고, 납함유제품이 규제되고 있는 근래의 경향에 충분 대응할 수가 있는 무연동합금을 제공하는 것에 있다.The object of the present invention is that, despite not containing any lead component which is a high machinability improvement element, it is extremely rich in machinability and can be used safely as a substitute material of a conventional machinability copper alloy containing a large amount of lead. Recycling, etc .: Provides lead-free copper alloys that are free from any environmental problems, including, but not limited to, recent trends in which lead-containing products are regulated.

본 발명의 다른 목적은, 쾌삭성에 가하여 내식성에도 뛰어 나는 것여, 내식성을 필요로 하는 절삭가공품, 鍛 l造品, 주물제품등(예컨대, 급수마개, っ 급배수금구, 벨브, 스템, 급탕배관부품, 샤프트, 열교환기부품등)의 構成替로서 적합하게 사용할 수가 있는 것여, 사실은 용적가치극대되는 무연동합금을 제공하는 것에 있다.Another object of the present invention is to provide excellent machinability in addition to high machinability, cutting products requiring corrosion resistance, 鍛 造 品, casting products and the like (for example, water plugs, water supply drainage valves, valves, stems, hot water supply piping parts) , Shafts, heat exchanger parts, etc.), which can be suitably used, and in fact, is to provide lead-free alloys with a maximum volume value.

본 발명의 더욱 다른 목적은, 쾌삭성에 가하여 고력성, 내마모성에도 뛰어나는 것여, 고력성, 내마모성을 필요로 하는 절삭가공품, 단조품, 주물제품등(예컨대, 축받이, 볼트, 너트, 부시, 톱니 바퀴, sewing machine부품, 유압부품등)의 구성재로서 적합하게 사용할 수가 있는 것여, 사실은 용적가치극·めて 대되는 무연동합금을 제공하는 것에 있다.A further object of the present invention is to be excellent in high strength and wear resistance in addition to high machinability, cutting products, forgings, castings and the like requiring high strength and wear resistance (for example, bearings, bolts, nuts, bushes, cogs, It can be suitably used as a constituent material of sewing machine parts, hydraulic parts, etc., and in fact, it is to provide a lead-free alloy for volume value improvement.

본 발명의 더욱 다른 목적은, 쾌삭성에 가하여 내고온산화성에도 뛰어 나는 것여, 내고온산화성을 필요로 하는 절삭가공품, 반유품, 주물제품등(예컨대, 석유 ·가스온풍 heater용 노즐, [바나헷드] , 급탕기용 가스 노즐등)의 구성재로서 적합하게 사용할 수가 있는 것여, 사실은 용적가치극대되는 무연동합금을 제공하는 것에 있다.A further object of the present invention is to be excellent in high temperature oxidation resistance in addition to high machinability, cutting products, semi-finished products, casting products and the like requiring high temperature oxidation resistance (e.g. nozzles for oil and gas hot air heaters, [banar head] It can be suitably used as a constituent material of a hot water heater gas nozzle, etc., and the fact is providing a lead-free copper alloy which maximizes a volume value.

본 발명은, 상기의 목적을 달성10도록, 다음과 같은 무연쾌삭성동합금을 제안한다.The present invention proposes the following lead-free free-cutting copper alloy to achieve the above object.

즉, 제1발명에 있어서는, 쾌삭성에 뛰어난 무연쾌삭성동합금로서, 동69∼79중량%와 규소2.0~4.:0중량%를 함유하여, 또한 나머지 부분이 아연으로 이루어지는 합금조성을 하는 동합금(이하 r 제1발명합금」(라)고 한다)를 제안한다.That is, in the first invention, a lead-free free-cutting copper alloy excellent in free cutting property, containing copper from 69 to 79% by weight and 2.0 to 4.:0% by weight of silicon, and further comprising zinc alloy (hereinafter, referred to as an alloy). r First invention alloy ”(d)).

납은 메트릭스에 고용 하지 않고, 입자 상태로 되어 분산함으로써, 쾌삭성을 향상시키는 것이다. 한편, 규소는 금속조직중에 γ상(경우에 의한다 ってはん 상)을 출현시키는 것에 의해, 쾌삭성을 개선하는 것이다. 이와 같이, 양자는 합금특성에 있어서의 기능을 전혀 달리하는 것이지만, 쾌삭성을 개선시키는 점에서는 공통한다. 이러한 점에 착안하여, 제1발명합금에 있어 서는, 납에 바꿔 규소를 첨가하는 것에 의해, 공업적으로 홈,틈더할 수 있는 쾌삭성을 확보하지 않으면(니) 한다. 즉, 제1발명합금은, 규소의 첨가에 의한 γ상형성에 의해 쾌삭성을 개선한 것이다.Lead does not dissolve in the matrix and is dispersed in the form of particles to improve free machinability. On the other hand, silicon improves free machinability by making a (gamma phase) into a metal structure appear in a metal structure. As described above, the two have different functions in alloy characteristics, but they are common in terms of improving the free machinability. With this in mind, in the first invention alloy, by adding silicon to lead, it is not necessary to secure the free machinability that can be grooved and cracked industrially. That is, the first invention alloy improves the free machinability by forming the gamma phase by addition of silicon.

而 하고, 규소의 첨가량이 2.0중량%미만으로서는, 공업적으로 만족할 수 있는 쾌삭성을 확보하는 것에 충분한 γ상의 형성이 행하여지지 않는다. 또한, 쾌삭성은 규소첨가3의 증대에 따라 향상하지만, 4.0중량%를 넘어 첨가하더라도, 그 첨가량에 적당하는 쾌삭성개선효과는 없다. 그런데, 규소는 융점이 (비싸다)높게 비중이 작기 때문 (또)다시 산화되기 쉽기 때문에, 합금용융시에 규소단체로 화로내에 裝入 그렇게 하니, 해당 규소가 장면에 (남다)뜨는 동시에, 용융시에 산화되어 규소산화물없고 산화규소가(로) 되어, 규소함유동합금의 제조가 곤란하여 진다. 따라서, 규소함유동합금의 주괴제조에 있어 서는, 보통, 규소첨가를 Cu 제일 Si 합금으로 한 뒤에 하는 게 되어, 제조 [코] 1스트라이크가 비싸게 된다. 이러한 합금제조 비용을 고려한 경우에도, 쾌삭성개선효과가 포화상태가(로) 되는 1(4.0중량%)을 넘어 규소를 첨가하는 것은 바람직하지 못하다. 또한, 실험에 의하면, 규소를 2.0∼4.0동1% 6첨가했을 때에 있어서, Cu 제일 Zn 계합금책미의 특성을 유지하는 ·때문에에는, 아연함유량와의 관계를도 고려한 경우, 동함유량은 69∼79중량%의 범위로서 놓은 것이 바람직한 것이 밝혀졌다. 이러한 이유로부터, 제1발명합금에 있어서는, 동및 규소의 함유량을 각기69∼79중량%및 2.0-4.0중량%으로 했다. 또, 규소의 첨가에 의해, 쾌삭성이 개선되는 타, 주조때의 온수흘러 성, 강도, 내마모성, 내응력부식깨어져 성, 내고온산화성도 개선된다. 또한, 연성, 耐脫亞鉛腐蝕性도 어떤 득도개선된다.When the addition amount of silicon is less than 2.0 weight%, the gamma phase sufficient to ensure industrially satisfactory high machinability is not formed. In addition, although the free machinability improves with the increase of silicon addition 3, even if it exceeds 4.0 weight%, there is no free machinability improvement effect suitable for the addition amount. However, since silicon has a high melting point (high cost) and a low specific gravity, and is easily oxidized again, the silicon is inserted into the furnace in the furnace at the time of alloy melting, so that the silicon remains in the scene and at the time of melting Is oxidized to silicon oxide and becomes silicon oxide, making it difficult to manufacture a silicon-containing copper alloy. Therefore, in the production of ingots of silicon-containing copper alloys, silicon addition is usually performed after the Cu first Si alloy is produced, and the production [co] strike is expensive. Even in view of such an alloy production cost, it is not preferable to add silicon more than 1 (4.0% by weight) in which the free machinability improvement effect becomes saturated. According to the experiment, when silicon is added 2.0 to 4.0 copper 1% 6, the copper content is 69 to 79 when the relationship with the zinc content is also taken into consideration. It has been found to be preferred as laid out in the range of% by weight. For this reason, in the first invention alloy, the contents of copper and silicon were set to 69 to 79 wt% and 2.0 to 4.0 wt%, respectively. In addition, the addition of silicon improves the machinability and the hot water flow during casting, the strength, the wear resistance, the stress corrosion resistance, and the high temperature oxidation resistance. In addition, any benefit can be improved.

또한, 제2발명에 있어서는, 같이 쾌삭성: 에 뛰어난 무연쾌삭성동합금로서, 동69∼79중량%와, 규소2.0∼4.0중량%와, 비스무스0.02-0.4중량%, 텔루르0.02∼0.42196및 셀렌0.02∼0.4중량%으로부터 선택된 1종이상의 원소를 함유하여, 또한 나머지 부분이 아연으로 이루어지는 합금조성을 하는 동합금(이하 r 제2발명합금 j라는)을 제안한다.In addition, in the second invention, as a lead-free free-cutting copper alloy excellent in free machinability, it is 69-79 wt% copper, 2.0-4.0 wt% silicon, 0.02-0.4 wt% bismuth, 0.02-0.42196 and selenium 0.02 A copper alloy (hereinafter referred to as r second invention alloy j) containing at least one element selected from ˜0.4% by weight and further comprising an alloy composed of zinc is proposed.

즉, 제2발명합금은, 제1발명합금에 비스무스0.02∼0.4중량%, 텔루르0.02∼0.4중량%及 ぴ 셀렌0.02∼0.4중량%의 적어도 하나를 더욱 함유시킨 합금조성을 하는 것이다.That is, the second invention alloy is an alloy composition in which at least one of bismuth 0.02 to 0.4% by weight and tellurium 0.02 to 0.4% by weight 及 selenium 0.02 to 0.4% by weight is further contained in the first invention alloy.

비스무스, 텔루르 또는 셀렌은, 납과 같이, 메트릭스에 고용 하지 않고, 입자 상태로 되어 분산함으로써, 쾌삭성을 향상시키는 기능을 발휘하는 것여, 규소와 다른 기능에 의해 쾌삭성을 개선시키는 것이다. 따라서, 이들을 규소와 함께 첨가시키면(니) , 규소의 첨가에 의한 쾌삭성개선限度을 넘어 쾌삭성을 더욱 향상시키는 것이 가능해진다. 제2발명합금으로서는, 이러한 점에 착안하여, 제1발명합금에 있어서의 쾌삭성을 더욱 개선하도록, 비스무스, 텔루르및 셀렌중의 적어도 하나를 첨가시키는 것으로 했다. 특히, 규소에 가하여 비스무스, 텔루르 또는 셀렌을 첨가하는 것에 의해, 복잡한 형상을 고속이고 절삭가공하는 경우에도, 고도의 괘삭성을 발휘한다. 그러나, 비스무스, 텔루르 또는 셀렌의 첨가에 의한 쾌삭성向上효과은, 각각의 첨가량이 0.02중량%미만으로서는 발휘되지 않는다. 한편, 이들은 동에 비하여 비싼 것이므로, 0.43196를 넘어 첨가하더라도, 쾌삭성은 償일까면서도 첨가량의 증가에 응해서 향상하지만, 경제적으로 첨가량에 적당하는 정도의 효과는 인정을 받지 않는다. 또한, 첨가량이 0.4중량%를 넘으면(니) , 熟間 에서의 가공성(예컨대, 鍛 1 造性等)이 愕くなり, 냉사이에서의 가공성(연성)도 저하한다. 또한, 비스무스등의 중금속에 관해서 가령 납같은 사이번째가 생길 가능성이 (맞었다)있었는다고해도, 0.4중량%이하의 미1첨가이면, 각별한 문제를 생기는 되돌아가지도 않으면(니) 考 아가미: わゐ.:이것들의 점에서, 제2발명합금으로서는, ·비스무스, 텔루르 또는 셀렌의 첨가량을 0.02∼0.4중량%으로 했다. 또, 비스무스, 텔루르 또는 셀렌은 상기한 如 く 규소와 다른 기능에 의해 쾌삭성을 향상시키는 것이므로, 이것들의 첨가에 의해 銅 及 ぴ 규소의 적정함유량은 영향되지 않는다. 따라서, 동및 규소의 함유량은 제1발명합금과 동일로 했다.Bismuth, tellurium, or selenium do not dissolve in a matrix like lead and disperse into particles, thereby exhibiting a function of improving free machinability, and improving free machinability by silicon and other functions. Therefore, when these are added together with the silicon (kneading), it becomes possible to further improve the free machinability beyond the free machinability improvement degree by the addition of silicon. As the second invention alloy, in view of this point, at least one of bismuth, tellurium and selenium is added to further improve the machinability in the first invention alloy. In particular, by adding bismuth, tellurium, or selenium in addition to silicon, even when cutting complex shapes at high speed, high roughness is exhibited. However, the free machinability improvement effect by addition of bismuth, tellurium, or selenium is not exhibited when each addition amount is less than 0.02 weight%. On the other hand, since these are more expensive than copper, even if they are added over 0.43196, the free machinability is improved in response to an increase in the amount of addition even though it is thin, but the effect that is suitable for the amount of addition economically is not recognized. Moreover, when the addition amount exceeds 0.4 weight% (needle), the workability (for example, 鍛 1 造 性 等) in matureness will fall, and workability (ductility) in cold will also fall. In addition, even if a heavy metal such as bismuth has a possibility of having a lead-like interstitial (for example), if it is a non-additive of 0.4 wt% or less, it does not go back causing a special problem. VIII: In view of these, as the second invention alloy, the addition amount of bismuth, tellurium or selenium was 0.02 to 0.4% by weight. In addition, since bismuth, tellurium, or selenium improve the free machinability by the functions different from the above-mentioned silicon | silicone, the appropriate content of 銅 及 적정 silicon is not affected by these additions. Therefore, content of copper and silicon was made the same as that of 1st invention alloy.

또한, 제3발명에 있어서는, 같이 쾌삭성에 뛰어난 무연쾌삭성동합금로서, 동7.0∼80중량%과, 규소1.8∼3.5중량%와, 보고 0.3∼3.5중량%, 알루미늄1.0~3.5중량%및 인0.02∼0.25중량%으로부터 선택된 1종이상의 원소를 함유하여, 또한 나머지 부분이 아연으로 이루어지는 합금조성을 하는 동합금(이하 r 제3발명합금 j라는)을 제안한다.In addition, in the third invention, the lead-free free-cutting copper alloy excellent in free machinability similarly includes 7.0-80 wt% of copper, 1.8-3.5 wt% of silicon, 0.3-3.5 wt% of aluminum, 1.0-3.5 wt% of aluminum, and phosphorus 0.02. A copper alloy (hereinafter referred to as r third invention alloy j) containing at least one element selected from ˜0.25% by weight, and further comprising an alloy composed of zinc.

석은, Cu 제일 Zn 계합금에 첨가한 경우, 규소와 같이, γ상을 형성하여 쾌삭성을 향상시키는 것이다. 예컨대, 동은, 58∼70중량9%의 Cu를 함유하는 Cu 제일 Zn 계합금에 있어서 1.8∼4.0중량%첨가시키는 것에 의해, 규소가 첨가되어 おらずとも, 양호한 쾌삭성을 (보이다)가리킨다. 따라서, Cu 제일 Si 제일 Zn 계합금에 석을 첨가시키는 것에 의해, γ상의 형성을 촉진시키는 수 있어, Cu 제일 Si 제일 Zn 계합금의 쾌삭성을 더욱 향상시킬 수 있다. 쇠사슬에 의한 γ상의 형성은 1.0중량%이상으로 행하여지고, 3.5중량%에 달하는 とね 합상태가(로) 된다. 또, 조카의 첨가량이 3.5중량%를 넘으면(니) , γ상의 형성효과가 포화상태가(로) 되는 것 뿐만아니라, 도리어 연성이 저하한다. 또한, 조카의 添加責가 1.0중량%미박으로서는 γ상의 형성효과가 적지만, 첨가량이 0.3중량%이상이면, 규소에 의해 형성되는 γ상을 분산시켜 균일화시켜라 효과가 있어, 이러한 γ상의 분산효과에 의해서도 쾌삭성이 개선된다. 즉, 관의 첨가량이 0.3중량%이상이면, 그 첨가에 의해 괘삭성이 개선되게 된다.When the stone is added to the Cu-based Zn alloy, it forms a gamma phase like silicon to improve the free machinability. For example, copper is added to 1.8 to 4.0% by weight in Cu-based Zn based alloy containing 58 to 70% by weight of Cu, indicating that the metal is added and shows good machinability. Therefore, by adding stone to the Cu first Si first Zn alloy, the formation of the gamma phase can be promoted, and the free machinability of the Cu first Si first Zn alloy can be further improved. Formation of the gamma phase by a chain is performed in 1.0 weight% or more, and the toened-up state which reaches 3.5 weight% becomes. Moreover, when the addition amount of nephew exceeds 3.5 weight% (nee), not only does the formation effect of a (gamma) phase become saturated, but also ductility falls. In addition, when the nephew is less than 1.0% by weight, the formation effect of the γ phase is small, but when the addition amount is 0.3% by weight or more, it is effective to disperse and homogenize the γ phase formed by silicon. Also, the machinability is improved. That is, if the addition amount of a pipe is 0.3 weight% or more, rubbing property will improve by the addition.

또한, 알루미늄도, 조카와 같이, γ상형성을 촉진시키는 기능을 갖는 것여, 보고 와 같이 혹 이것에 바꿔 첨가하는 것에 의해, Cu 제일 Si 제일 Zn 계합금의 쾌삭성을 더욱 향상시킬 수 있다. 알루미늄에는,In addition, aluminum also has a function of promoting γ-phase formation similarly to nephews, and, as reported, may be further added to this to further improve the free machinability of the Cu-first Si Zn-based alloy. In aluminum,

쾌삭성의 타, 강도, 내마모성, 내고온산화성을 개선시키는 기능이나 합금비중을 저하시키는 기능ももあるが, 쾌삭성개선機能이 발휘되는 ·때문에에는, 적어도 1.0중량%첨가시킬 필요가 있다. 그러나, 3.5중량%을 넘어 첨가하더라도, 첨가량에 적당한 쾌삭성개선효과는 볼 수 있지 않고, 조카와 같이 연성의 저하를 초래한다.It is necessary to add at least 1.0% by weight in order to exhibit the function of improving the free cutting property, strength, abrasion resistance, high temperature oxidation resistance, and the function of reducing the alloy specific gravity and the free machinability improvement mechanism. However, even if it adds more than 3.5 weight%, the high machinability improvement effect suitable for the addition amount is not seen, and it causes a ductility fall like a nephew.

또한, 인에는, 조카나 알루미늄같은 γ상의 형성기능은 없지만, 규소의 첨가에 의해 또는 이것과 녹, 알루미늄의 一方若 しくは 양쪽을 함께 첨가 시키는 것에 의해 생성한 γ상을 균일히 분산되어, γ상분포를 양호한 것으로 하는 기능이 있어, 이러한 기능에 의해서 γ상형성에 의한 쾌삭성의 더한 향상을 꾀할 수 있다. 또한, 인의 첨가에 의해, γ상의 분산화와 동시에 메트릭스에 있어서의 α상의 결정1알을 미세화하여, 열사이가공성을 향상시켜, 강도, 내응력부식깨어져 성도 향상시킨다. 더욱(그 위에),주조때의 온수흘러 성을 현저히 향상시키는 효과도 있다. 이러한 인첨가에 의한 효과는 0.02중량%미만의 첨가로서는 발휘되지 않는다. 한편, 인의 첨가량이 0.25중량%을 넘으면(니) , 첨가량에 적당한 쾌삭성개선等의 효과는 얻어지지 않고, 과잉첨가에 의해 도리어 熟間銀造性, 押出性의 저하를 초래한다.In addition, phosphorus does not have a function of forming a γ phase such as nephew or aluminum, but the γ phase produced by adding silicon or by adding both rust and aluminum together is uniformly dispersed, and There exists a function which makes a phase distribution favorable, and such a function can further improve the free machinability by gamma phase formation. In addition, by adding phosphorus, one grain of the α phase in the matrix is refined at the same time as the γ phase is dispersed, and the thermal workability is improved, and the strength and the stress corrosion are broken and the properties are also improved. Furthermore, there is also an effect of remarkably improving hot water flow during casting. Such effect by the addition is not exhibited by addition of less than 0.02% by weight. On the other hand, when the addition amount of phosphorus exceeds 0.25% by weight (knee), the effect of the improvement of free machinability suitable for the addition amount is not obtained, but excessive addition leads to the deterioration of maturity and deportability.

제3발명합금으로서는, 이러한 점에 착안하고, Cu 제일 Si-Zn 계합금에, 주석0.3∼3.5중량%, 알루미늄1.0∼3.5중량%및 인0.02∼0.25중량%중 적어도 하나를 첨가시키는 것보다, 쾌삭성의 더한 향상을 꾀하고 있다.As the third invention alloy, paying attention to this point, rather than adding at least one of 0.3 to 3.5% by weight of tin, 1.0 to 3.5% by weight of aluminum and 0.02 to 0.25% by weight of phosphorus to the Cu-based Si-Zn alloy, The further improvement of free machinability is aimed at.

그런데, 석, 알루미늄 또는 인은, 상기한 如 く γ상의 형성기능 또는 γ상의 분산기능에 의해 쾌삭성을 개선시키는 것여, γ상에 의한 쾌삭성개선을 꾀하는 데에 있어서, 규소와 밀접한 관계를 갖는 것이다. 따라서, 규소에 석, 알루미늄 또는 인을 함께 첨가 시킨 제3발명합금으로서는, 제1발명합금의 규소에 언덕와 바꿔 쾌삭성을 향상시키는 기능이 발휘되어, γ상이란(와는) 관계없고 쾌삭성을 개선시키는 기능(메트릭스에 입자 상태로 되어 분필하는 것에 의해 쾌삭성을 향상시키는 기능)을 발휘하는 비스무스, 텔루르 또는 셀렌을 첨가한 제2발명합금에 비하여, 규소의 필요첨가량이 적어진다. 즉, 규소첨가량이 2.0중19% 미만이더라도, 1.8중량% 以 ↓이면, 석, 알루미늄 또는 인의 함께 첨가에 의해, 공업적으로 만족할 수 있는 쾌삭성을 얻을 수 있다. 그러나, 규소의 첨가량이 4.0중량%이하 이더라도, 3.5중량%를 넘으면(니) , 녹, 알루미늄 또는 인을 함께 첨가 하는 것에 의해, 규소첨가에 의한 쾌삭성改書효과는 포화상태가(로) 된다. 이러한 점에서, 제3발명합금으로서는, 규소의 첨가량을 1.8∼3.53196로 했다. 또한, 이러한 규소의 첨가량와의 關係 及 ぴ 조카, 알루미늄 또는 인을 첨가시키는 것과의 관계로부터, 동배합1의 위하한치는 제2발명합금보다 약간크게하여, 그 바람직한 함유량을 70∼80중 i%으로 했다.By the way, the stone, aluminum, or phosphorus improves the machinability by the above-described forming function of the γ phase or the dispersion function of the γ phase, and has a close relationship with silicon in improving the machinability by the γ phase. will be. Therefore, as the third invention alloy in which stone, aluminum, or phosphorus is added to silicon, a function of improving the free machinability is exhibited by replacing the hills with silicon of the first invention alloy, thereby improving the free machinability regardless of the γ phase. Compared with the second invention alloy to which bismuth, tellurium, or selenium is added, the required amount of silicon is reduced compared to the bismuth, tellurium, or selenium. That is, even if the silicon addition amount is less than 19% in 2.0, if it is 1.8% by weight, it is possible to obtain freely industrially satisfactory machinability by adding stone, aluminum or phosphorus together. However, even when the addition amount of silicon is 4.0% by weight or less, when it exceeds 3.5% by weight (kneading), by adding rust, aluminum, or phosphorus together, the free machinability effect of silicon addition becomes saturated. . In view of this, as the third invention alloy, the amount of silicon added is set to 1.8 to 3.53196. In addition, from the relationship between the addition amount of silicon and the addition of niece, aluminum, or phosphorus, the lower limit of the same compound 1 is slightly larger than that of the second invention alloy, and the preferred content thereof is 70% to 80%. did.

또한, 제4발명에 있어서는, 같이 쾌삭성에 뛰어난 무연쾌삭성동합금로서, 동70∼80중116과, 규소1.8∼3.5중량%와, 주석0.3∼3.5중량%, 알루미늄1.0∼3.5중량% 및 인0.02∼0.25중량%으로부터 선택된 1종이상의 원소와, 비스무스0.02∼0.4벌써 량%, 텔루르0.02∵ 0.4중량%및 셀렌0.02∼0.4중량%으로부터 선택된 1종이상의 원소를 함유하여, 또한 나머지 부분이 아연으로 이루어지는 합금조성을 하는 동합금(이하 r 제4발명합금」(라)고 한다)를 제안 [나] る.Further, in the fourth invention, as a lead-free free-cutting copper alloy excellent in free machinability, 116 in 70-80, 1.8-3.5 wt% of silicon, 0.3-3.5 wt% tin, 1.0-3.5 wt% aluminum and phosphorus 0.02 At least one element selected from -0.25% by weight, at least one element selected from bismuth 0.02-0.4% by weight, tellurium 0.02% 0.4% by weight and selenium 0.02-0.4% by weight, and the remaining part is composed of zinc Suggest a copper alloy (hereinafter referred to as r fourth invention alloy) to form an alloy.

즉, 제4발명합금은, 제3.발명합금에 비스무스0.02∼0.4중량%, 텔루르0.02∼0.4중량%및 셀렌0.02∼0.4중량%의 적어도 하나를 더욱 함유시킨 합금조성을 하는 것여, 이들을 첨가시키는 理由 及 ぴ 첨가량의 결정이유는 제2발명합금에 관해서 말한 와(과)마찬가지다.That is, the fourth invention alloy is an alloy composition in which at least one of bismuth 0.02 to 0.4% by weight, tellurium 0.02 to 0.4% by weight and selenium 0.02 to 0.4% by weight is further contained in the third invention alloy. The reason for the determination of the amount of addition is the same as that mentioned for the second invention alloy.

또한, 제5발명에 있어서는, 쾌삭성에 가하여 내식성에도 뛰어난 무연쾌삭성 동합금로서, 동69∼79중량%와, 규소2.0∼4.0중량%와, 전0.3∼3.5중량%,인0.02∼0.25중량%, 안티몬0.02∼0.15중량%및 砒素 0.02∼0.15중량%으로부터 선택된 1종이상의 원소를 함유하여, 또한 나머지 부분이 아연으로 이루어지는 합금조성을 하는 동합금(이하「제5발명합금」(라)고 한다)를 제안한다.In addition, in the fifth invention, the lead-free free-cutting copper alloy which is excellent in corrosion resistance in addition to high machinability, is 69-79 wt% copper, 2.0-4.0 wt% silicon, 0.3-3.5 wt%, phosphorus 0.02-0.25 wt%, A copper alloy containing one or more elements selected from 0.02 to 0.15% by weight of antimony and 砒 素 0.02 to 0.15% by weight, and the remainder of which is composed of zinc (hereinafter referred to as "the fifth invention alloy") is proposed. do.

즉, 제5발명합금은, 제1발명합금에 주석0.. 3∼3.5중량%,인0.02∼0.25중량%, 안티몬0.02∼0.15중량%및 砒素 0.02∼0.15중량%의 적어도 하나를 더욱 함유시킨 합금조성을 하는 것이다.That is, the fifth invention alloy further contains at least one of tin 0.33 to 3.5 wt%, phosphorus 0.02 to 0.25 wt%, antimony 0.02 to 0.15 wt% and 0.02 to 0.15 wt% in the first invention alloy. It is alloy composition.

석에는, 쾌삭성개선機能의 타, 내식성(耐脫亞鉛腐蝕性, 내해변식성)및 단조성을 향상시키는 기능이 있다. 즉, α상 메트릭스의 내식성을 향상시켜, γ상의 분산화에보다 내식성, 단조성및 내 f 응력부식깨어져 성의 개선을 꾀할 수 있다. 제5발명합금으로서는, 조카의 이러한 기능에 의해 내식성의 개선을 꾀하여, 쾌삭성의 개선은 주로 규소첨가효과에 의해 꾀하고 있다. 따라서, 규소및 동의 함유량은 제1발명합금과 동일로서 있다. 한편, 내식성, 단조성의 개선기능을 발휘시키기위해서는, 석의 첨가량을 적어도 0.3중량%으로 할 필요가 있다. 그러나, 주석첨가에 의한 내식성, 단조성의 개선기능은, 3.5중량%를 넘어 첨가하더라도, 첨가량에 적당하는 만큼(수록, 뿐)의 효과가 얻어지지 않고, 경제적으로도 쓸데 없다.The stone has a function of improving the lubrication resistance, corrosion resistance, and forging resistance of the free machinability improvement mechanism. In other words, the corrosion resistance of the α-phase matrix can be improved, and the corrosion resistance, forging resistance, and f stress corrosion resistance can be improved more than the dispersion of the γ phase. As the fifth invention alloy, the corrosion resistance is improved by such a function of nephew, and the improvement of free machinability is mainly due to the silicon addition effect. Therefore, the content of silicon and copper is the same as in the first invention alloy. On the other hand, in order to exhibit the improvement function of corrosion resistance and forging, it is necessary to make the addition amount of stone at least 0.3 weight%. However, even if it adds more than 3.5 weight%, the function which improves corrosion resistance and forging property by tin addition does not acquire the effect as much as it is suitable (the more, only), and it is economically useless.

또한, 인은, 상기한 如 く γ상을 균일분산화시키는 (함께)같이 메트릭스에 있어서의 α상의 결정립을 세분화시키는 것에 의해, 쾌삭성개선機能의 타, 내식성(耐脫亞鉛腐食性, 耐演食性),般造性, 내응력부식깨어져 성및 기계적강도를 향상시키는 기능을 발휘하는 것이다. 제5발명합금으로서는, 인의 이러한 기능에 의해 내식성等의 개선을 꾀하여, 쾌삭성의 개선은 주로 규소첨가효과에 의해 꾀하고 있다. 인첨가에 의한 내식성等의 개선효과는, 미1의 인첨가에 의해 발휘되는 것이고, 0.02중량%이상의 첨가로 발휘된다. 그러나, 0.25중1 j% 6을 넘어 첨가하더라도, 첨가량에 적당한 효과가 얻어지지 않을 뿐 ＼ 열사이단조성, 押出性이 도리어 저하한다.In addition, phosphorus is finely divided by the crystal grains of the α phase in the matrix (together) to uniformly disperse the above-described γ phase γ phase, thereby improving corrosion resistance and corrosion resistance. It is to exert the function of improving the strength and mechanical strength by breaking the food, skin, and stress corrosion. As the fifth invention alloy, the phosphorus resistance is improved by this function of phosphorus, and the improvement of the free machinability is mainly due to the silicon addition effect. The effect of improving the corrosion resistance by the addition of the additive is exhibited by the addition of the fine 1, and is exhibited by addition of 0.02% by weight or more. However, even if it adds exceeding 1 j% 6 out of 0.25, a moderate effect is not acquired in addition amount, but heat-heat forging and peeling property fall rather.

또한, 안티몬및 砒素도, 인과 같이, 1미1(0.02중량%이상)으로 耐脫亞鉛腐食性等를 향상시키는 것이다. 그러나, 0.15중량%를 넘어 첨가하더라도, 첨가량에 적당하는 효과가 얻어지지 않는 뿐만인가, 인의 과잉첨가와 같이, 熟間鍛造性, 押出性가 도리어 저하한다.In addition, antimony and acidity, like phosphorus, improves the feeding property to 1 rice 1 (0.02% by weight or more). However, even if it adds exceeding 0.15 weight%, not only the effect suitable for the addition amount is acquired, but also matureness and exudation property fall like the excess addition of phosphorus.

이것들의 것부터, 제5발명합금으로서는, 제1발명합금에 놓을 수 있으면(니) 동1의 동및 규소에 가하여, 내식성向上원소로서 석, 인, 안티몬및 砒素의 적어도 하나를 상기한 범위내에서 첨가시키는 것에 의해, 쾌삭성뿐만아니라, 내식성等를도 향상시킬 수 있는 것이다. 또, 제5발명합금에 있어 서는, 조카및 인은, 주로, 안티몬및 砒素과 같은 내식성개선원소으로서 기능하기 위해서(때문에), 규소이외로 쾌삭성改書원소를 첨가하지않는 제1발명금과 같이, 동및 규소의 배합1은, 각기, 69∼79중량%及 ぴ 2.0∼4.0중량%으로서 있다.From these, as the fifth invention alloy, if it can be placed in the first invention alloy (kneading), it is added to copper and silicon of the same copper 1, and at least one of chromium, phosphorus, antimony and 식 as corrosion-resistant upper element within the above-mentioned range. By adding, not only the high machinability but also the corrosion resistance (等) can be improved. In addition, in the fifth invention alloy, nephew and phosphorus mainly function as an anticorrosive improvement element such as antimony and antimony, so that the first invention gold which does not add a free cutting element other than silicon and Similarly, the compound 1 of copper and silicon is as 69 to 79% by weight and 2.0 to 4.0% by weight, respectively.

또한, 제6발명에 있어서는, 같이 被則性 및 내식성에 뛰어난 무연쾌삭성동합금로서, 동69∼79중 i 9%와, 규소2.ㆍ0∼4.0주량%와, 주석0.3-3.5중량%,인0.02∼0.25중량%, 안티몬0.02∼0.15중량%및 砒素 0.02∼0.15중량%으로부터 선택된 1종이상의 원소와, 비스무스0.02∼0.4중량%, 텔루르0.02∼0.4중량%및 셀렌0.02∼0.4중량%으로부터 선택된 1종이상의 원소를 함유하여, 또한 나머지 부분이 아연으로 이루어지는 합금조성을 하는 동합금(이하「제6발명합금」(라)고 한다)를 제안한다.Further, in the sixth invention, as a lead-free free-cutting copper alloy excellent in corrosion resistance and corrosion resistance, i 9% of copper, 69 to 79%, silicon 2.0 to 4.0% by weight, tin 0.3-3.5% by weight, At least one element selected from 0.02 to 0.25% by weight of phosphorus, 0.02 to 0.15% by weight and 0.02 to 0.15% by weight of bismuth, 0.02 to 0.4% by weight, tellurium from 0.02 to 0.4% and selenium from 0.02 to 0.4% by weight A copper alloy containing one or more elements and further comprising an alloy composed of zinc (hereinafter referred to as "sixth invention alloy") is proposed.

즉, 제6발명합금은, 제5발명합금에 비스무스0.02∼0.4중19%, 텔루르0.02∼0.4 Wataru196及 ぴ 셀렌0.02∼0.4중량%의 적어도 하나를 더욱 함유시킨 합금조성을 하는 것여, 제2발명합금과 같이, 규소 및 비스무스, 텔루르及 ぴ 셀렌중부터 선택한 적어도 하나를 첨가하는 것에 의해 쾌삭성을 개선 그렇게 하니 (함께)같이, 제5발명합금과 같이, 석, 인, 안티몬및 砒素 중부터 선택한 적어도 하나를 첨가하는 것에 의해 내식성等를 개선한 것이다. 따라서, 동, 규소, 비스무스, 텔루르및 셀렌의 첨가량에 관해서는 제2발명합금과 동일로 하여, 석, 인, 안티몬및 砒素의 첨가량에 관해서는 제5발명합금과 동일로 했다.That is, the sixth invention alloy is an alloy composition in which at least one of the bismuth 0.02 to 0.4 and the tellurium 0.02 to 0.4 Wataru 196 及 selenium 0.02 to 0.4% by weight is further contained in the fifth invention alloy. As such, by adding at least one selected from silicon, bismuth and tellurium 及 selenium, the machinability is thus improved (together), as in the fifth invention alloy, at least selected from stone, phosphorus, antimony and 砒 素By adding one, the corrosion resistance was improved. Therefore, the addition amounts of copper, silicon, bismuth, tellurium, and selenium were the same as those of the second invention alloy, and the addition amounts of stone, phosphorus, antimony, and nickel were the same as those of the fifth invention alloy.

: 또한, :제: 7:발명에 있어서는, 쾌삭성에 가하여 고력성, 내마모성에 뛰어난 무연쾌삭성동합금로서, 동62∼78중량%와, 규소2.5∼4.5동1%와, 주석0.3∼3.0중19%, 알루미늄0.2∼2.5중량%및 인0.02∼0.25중량%으로부터 선택된 1종이상의 원소와, 망간0.7∼3.5중량%및 니켈10.7∼3.53196로부터 선택된 1종이상의 원소를 함유하여, 또한 나머지 부분이 아연으로 이루어지는 합금조성을 하는 동합금(이하「제7발명합금 j라는)을 제안한다.In addition, in the present invention, in the invention, it is a lead-free free-cutting copper alloy which is excellent in high strength and abrasion resistance in addition to high machinability, with 62 to 78% by weight of copper, 1 to 2.5% to 4.5% of copper, and 0.3 to 3.0 of tin. At least one element selected from%, from 0.2 to 2.5% by weight of aluminum and from 0.02 to 0.25% by weight of phosphorus, and at least one element selected from from 0.7 to 3.5% by weight of manganese and from 10.7 to 3.53196 of nickel. A copper alloy (hereinafter referred to as " seventh invention alloy j ") for forming an alloy is proposed.

망간 또는 니켈l은, 규소와 결합하여 Mnx Siy 또는 Nix Siy의 미세금속개화합물을 형성하여, 메트릭스에 균일히 석출하여 ∵ 그것에 의하여 내마모성, 강도를 향상시킨다. 따라서, 망간및 니켈l의 한편 또는 양쪽을 첨가하는 것에 의해, 고력성, 내마모성이 개선 된다. 이러한 효과는, Man gun及 ぴ 니켈l을 각기0.7중 [유] 96이상첨가하는 것에 발1군된다. 그러나, 3.5중량%를 넘어 첨가하더라도, 효과가 포화상태가(로) 되어, 첨가량에 적당하는 효과가 얻어지지 않는다. 규소는, 망간 또는 니켈l의 첨가에 따라, 이들과의 金屬聞化合物形成에 요하는 소비 i를 고려하고, 2.5∼4.5중 [유] 96를 첨가시키는 것으로 했다.Manganese or nickel 1 combines with silicon to form a fine metal opening compound of Mnx Siy or Nix Siy, and precipitates uniformly on the matrix, thereby improving wear resistance and strength. Therefore, by adding one or both of manganese and nickel l, high strength and wear resistance are improved. This effect is distinguished by the addition of more than 96 [u] 96 of Man gun 及 nickel Ni. However, even if it adds beyond 3.5 weight%, an effect becomes saturated, and the effect suitable for addition amount is not acquired. The silicon was added to the [oil] 96 in 2.5 to 4.5 in consideration of the consumption i required for the formation of gold compound with the addition of manganese or nickel.

또한, 석, 알루미늄및 인의 첨가에 의해, 메트릭스의 α상이 강화되어, 쾌삭성도 개선된다. 觀 及 ぴ 인은, α상, γ상의 분산에 의해 강도, 내마모성을 향상시켜, 쾌삭성도 향상시킨다. 석은, 0∵ 3중량%이상의 첨가에 의해 强度 及 ぴ 쾌삭성을 향상시키지만, ㆍ:3.0중량%를 넘어 첨가す: ゐと 연성이 저하한다. 따라서, 고력성, 내마모성의 개선을 꾀하는 제7발명합금에 있어서는, 쾌삭성개선효과도 고려하고, 석의 첨가량을 0.3∼3.02196로 했다. 또한, 알루미늄은, 내마모성개선에 기여하고, 메트릭스의 강화기능은 0.2중량%이상의 첨가에 의해 발휘된다. 그러나, 2.5중량%를 넘어 첨가하면(니) , 연성이 저하한다. 따라서, 쾌삭성개선효과도 고려하고, 알루미늄의 첨가량은 0.2∼2.5중량%으로 했다. 또한, 비늘의 첨가에 의해, γ상의 분산화와 동시에 메트릭스에 있어서의 α상의 결정립을 미세화하여, 熟聞加工性를 향상시켜, ㆍ강도, 내마모성도 향상시킨다. 더구나, 주조때의 온수흘러 성을 현저히 향상시키는 효과도 있다. このよ.신음하고 효과는, 인을 0.02∼0.25중량%의 범위로 첨가하는 것에 의해 연주한다 せられる.또, 동의 배합1에 관해서는, 규소첨가량와의 關係 及 ぴ 망간, 니켈l이 규소와 결합하는 관계로부터, 62∼78초196로 했다.In addition, the addition of stones, aluminum and phosphorus enhances the α phase of the matrix, thereby improving the free machinability.觀 及 ぴ Phosphorus improves strength and wear resistance by dispersing the α phase and the γ phase, and also improves the free machinability. The stone improves the 及 ぴ ぴ free machinability by adding 0 to 3% by weight or more, but it is added in excess of: 3.0% by weight. Therefore, in the seventh invention alloy for improving the high strength and wear resistance, the amount of addition of stone was set to 0.3 to 3.02196 in consideration of the effect of improving the machinability. In addition, aluminum contributes to the improvement of wear resistance, and the reinforcing function of the matrix is exhibited by addition of 0.2% by weight or more. However, when more than 2.5 weight% is added (needle), ductility falls. Therefore, the free machinability improvement effect was also considered and the addition amount of aluminum was 0.2 to 2.5 weight%. In addition, by the addition of scales, the crystal grains of the α phase in the matrix are refined at the same time as the γ phase is dispersed, the maturation properties are improved, and the strength and the wear resistance are also improved. Moreover, it also has the effect of remarkably improving the hot water flowing property at the time of casting.こ の よ. Moaning effect is played by adding phosphorus in the range of 0.02 to 0.25% by weight. Serrareru. In addition, as for copper compound 1, 1 及 ぴ manganese, nickel l are combined with silicon From 62 to 78 seconds 196 was set as a relationship.

또한, 제8발명에 있어서는, 같이 被則性 및 고력성, 내마모성에 뛰어난 무연쾌삭성동합금로서, 동62∼78중량%과, 규소2.5∼4.5중량%와, 주석0.3∼3.0중량%, 알루미늄1.0∼2.5중량%및 인0.02∼0.25중량%으로부터 선택된 1종이상의 원소와, 망간0.7∼3.5중량%및 니켈l0.7∼3.5중량%으로부터 선택된 1종이상의 원소와, 비스무스0.02∼0.4중19%, 텔루르0.02∼0.4重且 96및 셀렌0.02∼0.4중량%으로부터 선택된 1종이상의 원소를 함유하여, 또한 나머지 부분이 아연으로 이루어지는 합금조성을 하는 동합금(이하 r 제8발명합금」(라)고 한다)를 제안한다.In addition, according to the eighth invention, the lead-free free-cutting copper alloy excellent in corrosion resistance, high strength, and abrasion resistance is 62 to 78 wt% of copper, 2.5 to 4.5 wt% of silicon, 0.3 to 3.0 wt% of tin, and aluminum 1.0. At least one element selected from -2.5 wt% and phosphorus 0.02-0.25 wt%, at least one element selected from 0.7-3.5 wt% manganese and 0.7-3.5 wt% nickel, 19% in bismuth 0.02-0.4, A copper alloy containing one or more elements selected from 0.02 to 0.4 weight% 96 and 0.02 to 0.4 weight% of selenium, wherein the remainder is composed of zinc (hereinafter referred to as r-eighth invention alloy). Suggest.

즉, 제8발명합금은, 제7발명합금에 비스무스0.02∼0.4중삼96, 텔루르0.02∼0.4중량% 및 셀렌0.02∼0.4중량%의 적어도 하나를 더욱 함유시킨 합금조성을 하는 것여, 전기한 如 く 규소와 다른 기능에 의해 쾌삭성을 개선하는 원소인 비스무스등을 첨가하는 것에 의해, 제7발명합금과 같은 고력성, 내마모성을 확보하면서, 쾌삭성의 더한 개선을 꾀한 것이다. 비스무스등의 쾌삭성개선원소 에 관해서의 첨가이유및 첨가량결정이유는, 제2발명합금, 제4발명합금 또는 제6발명합금와(과)마찬가지다. 그 밖의 원소(동, 아연, 석, 망간, 니켈l)에 관해서의 添加埋由及 ぴ 첨가량결정이유는, 제7발명합금와(과)마찬가지다. 더욱(그 위에),제9발명에 있어서는, 쾌삭성에 가하여 내고온산화성에 뛰어난 무연쾌삭성동합금로서, 동69∼79중량%,규소2.0-4.0동1 j%6, 알루미늄0.1∼1.53196및 비늘0.02∼0.25중량%를 함유하여, 또한 나머지 부분이 아연으로 이루어지는 합금조성을 하는 동합금(이하 r 제9발명합금 j라는):을 제안한다.That is, the eighth invention alloy is an alloy composition in which the seventh invention alloy further contains at least one of bismuth 0.02-0.4 medium hem 96, tellurium 0.02-0.4 wt% and selenium 0.02-0.4 wt%. By adding bismuth, which is an element which improves the machinability by other functions, and the like, a further improvement of the machinability is achieved while securing the same high strength and wear resistance as the seventh invention alloy. The reason for addition and reason for determination of the amount of addition to the high machinability improvement element such as bismuth are the same as those of the second invention alloy, the fourth invention alloy, or the sixth invention alloy. The reason for the determination of the amount of addition of the other elements (copper, zinc, stone, manganese, nickel) is the same as in the seventh invention alloy. Furthermore, in the ninth invention, it is a lead-free free-cutting copper alloy which is excellent in high temperature oxidation resistance in addition to free cutting property, and contains 69 to 79 wt% copper, 2.0 to 4.0 copper 1 j% 6, aluminum 0.1 to 1.53196, and scale 0.02. A copper alloy (hereinafter referred to as r ninth invention alloy j) containing -0.25% by weight and further comprising an alloy composed of zinc is proposed.

알루미늄은, 강도, 쾌삭성, 내마모성을 개선. せる 타, 내고온산화성을 개선시키는 원소이다. 또한, 규소도, 상기한 如く, 쾌삭성, 강도, 내마모성, 내응력부식깨어져 성을 개선시키는 타, 내고온산화성을 개선 하는 기능을 발휘한다. 알루미늄에 의한 내고온산화성의 개선은, 규소와의 함께 첨가에 의해서, 0.1중량%이상의 첨가로 행하여진다. 그러나, 알루미늄을 1.5중량%를 넘어 첨가하더라도, 첨가량에 적당하는 내고온산화성개선효과는 볼 수 있지 않다. 이러한 점에서, 알루미늄의 첨가량은 0.1∼1.5중량%으로 했다.Aluminum improves strength, high machinability and wear resistance. It is an element that improves high temperature oxidation resistance. In addition, silicon also exhibits a function of improving high temperature oxidative resistance as described above, other to improve free-cutting property, strength, abrasion resistance, stress corrosion cracking resistance. Improvement of high temperature oxidation resistance by aluminum is performed by addition of 0.1 weight% or more by addition with silicon. However, even if aluminum is added in excess of 1.5% by weight, there is no effect of improving the high temperature oxidative resistance suitable for the addition amount. In this regard, the amount of aluminum added was 0.1 to 1.5% by weight.

인은, 합금주조때 에 있어서의 온수흘러 성을 향상시키기위해서 첨가된다. 또한, 인은, 이러한 온수흘러 성의 타, 상기한 쾌삭성, 耐脫亞鉛腐蝕性에 가하여, 내고온산화성을도 개선한다. 이러한 인의 첨가효과는 0.02중량%이상으로 발휘된다. 그러나, 0.25중량%를 넘어 첨가하더라도, 첨가량에 적당하는 효과는 볼 수 있지 않고, 도리어 합금의 脆性化를 초래하게 된다. 이러한 점에서, 인의 첨가량은, 0.02∼0.25중량%으로 했다.Phosphorus is added to improve the flowability of hot water during alloy casting. In addition, phosphorus is added to the above-mentioned hot machinability and the above-mentioned high machinability and stiffness, and also improves high temperature oxidation resistance. Such phosphorus addition effect is exhibited at 0.02% by weight or more. However, even if it adds exceeding 0.25 weight%, the effect suitable for the addition amount is not seen, but rather, it will lead to alloying. In this regard, the amount of phosphorus added was 0.02 to 0.25 wt%.

또한, 규소는, 상기한 如 く 쾌삭성을 개선시키기위해서 첨가되는 것이지만, 인과 같이 온수흘러 성을 향상시키는 기능도 갖는 것이다. 규소에 의한 온수흐르고 성의 향상은 2.0중19% 이상의 첨가에 의해 발휘되어, 쾌삭성을 향상시키는 것에 필요한 첨가범위와 중복한다. 따라서, 규소의 첨가량은, 쾌삭성의 개선을 고려하고, ?ㆍ0∼4.0중량%으로 했다.Moreover, although silicon is added in order to improve the above-mentioned high machinability, it also has a function which improves hot water flow property like phosphorus. The hot water flow and the improvement of the property by silicon are exhibited by the addition of 19% or more of 2.0, and overlap with the addition range required for improving free machinability. Therefore, silicon addition amount was made into 0 * 4.0 weight% in consideration of the improvement of free machinability.

또한, 제10발명에 있어서는, 같이 被則性 및 내고온적화성에 뛰어난 무연쾌삭성동합금로서, 동69∼79중량%와, 규소2.0∼4.0중량%과, 알루미늄0.1∼1∴ 5중량%와, 인0.02∼0.25중량%과, Chrome0.02∼0.43196및 티타늄0.02∼0.4중량%으로부터 선택된 1종이상의 원소를 함유하여, 또한 나머지 부분이 아연으로 이루어지는 합금조성을 하는 동합금(이하 r 제10발명합금 j라는)을 제안한다.Further, in the tenth invention, the lead-free free-cutting copper alloy excellent in corrosion resistance and high temperature compatibility, such as 69 to 79% by weight, 2.0 to 4.0% by weight of silicon, and 0.1 to 1% by weight of aluminum, , Copper alloy containing 0.02 to 0.25% by weight of phosphorus, and at least one element selected from Chrome 0.02 to 0.43196 and titanium to 0.02 to 0.4% by weight, and the remaining part of which is composed of zinc (hereinafter r10th invention alloy j). Is suggested.

Chrome및 티타늄은 내고온산화성을 향상시키는 기능을 갖는 것여, 그 기능은, 특히, 알루미늄과의 함께 첨가 에 의한 상승효과에 의해서 현저히 발휘된다. 이러한 기능은, 이들을 단독첨가하면(니) 함께 첨가 하는 과 관계되지 않고, 각기, 0.02중량%이상으로 발휘되고, 0.4중량%으로 포화상태가(로) 된다. 이러한 점에서, 제10발명합금에 있어서는, 제9발명합금에 Chrome0.02∼0.4중량%및 티타늄0.02∼0.4중량%의 적어도 하나를 더욱 함유시킨 합금조성을 하는 것으로 하여, 제9발명합금의 내고온연화성을 더욱 향상시키 도록 꾀하고 있다.Chrome and titanium have a function of improving the high temperature oxidation resistance, and the function is particularly exhibited by the synergistic effect of addition with aluminum. These functions are independent of adding them together (kneading) and are exhibited at 0.02% by weight or more, respectively, and become saturated at 0.4% by weight. In view of the above, in the tenth invention alloy, the alloy composition in which at least one of the chromium 0.02 to 0.4% by weight and the titanium 0.02 to 0.4% by weight is further contained in the ninth invention alloy, the high temperature of the ninth invention alloy It is trying to further improve softening.

또한, 제11발명에 있어서는, 같이 被則性 및 내고온산화성에 뛰어난 무연쾌삭성동합금로서, 동69∼79중량%와, 규소2.0∼4.0중량%과, 알루미늄0.1∼1∴ 5중량%와, 인0.02∼0.25동1%와, 비스무스0.02∼0.4중량%, 텔루르0.02∼0.4중량% 及 ぴ 셀렌0.02∼0.4중량%으로부터 선택된 1종이상의 원소를 함유하여, 또한 나머지 부분이 아연으로 이루어지는 합금조성을 하는 동합금(이하 r 제11발명합금 j라는)을 제안한다.In the eleventh invention, as a lead-free free-cutting copper alloy excellent in corrosion resistance and high temperature oxidation resistance, it is 69 to 79% by weight, 2.0 to 4.0% by weight of silicon, 0.1 to 1% by weight of aluminum, 1% phosphorus 0.02-0.25 copper, at least one element selected from bismuth 0.02-0.4% by weight, tellurium 0.02-0.4% by weight 及 selenium 0.02-0.4% by weight, and the remaining portion is composed of zinc We propose a copper alloy (hereinafter referred to as r eleventh alloy j).

즉, 제11발명합금은, 제9발명합금에 비스무스0.02∼0.4중 t96, 텔루르0.02∼0.4중량%及 ぴ 셀렌0.02∼0.4중11% 6의 적어도 하나를 더욱 함유시킨 합금조성을 하는 것여, 전기한 如 く 규소와 다른 기능에 의해 쾌삭성을 改昔 하는 원소인 비스무스등을 첨가하는 것에 의해, 제9발명합금과 같은 내고온산화성을 확보하면서, 쾌삭성의 고호쿠되는 개선을 꾀한 것이다.That is, the eleventh invention alloy is an alloy composition in which the ninth invention alloy further contains at least one of t96 in bismuth 0.02 to 0.4 and tellurium 0.02 to 0.4% by weight 중량 selenium 0.02 to 0.4 11% 6.如 く By adding bismuth, which is an element exhibiting high machinability by silicon and other functions, it is intended to improve the high machinability while ensuring high temperature oxidation resistance like the ninth invention alloy.

또한, 제12발명에 있어서는, 같이 被則性 및 내고온산화성에 뛰어난 무연法削性동합금로서, 동69∼79중량%과, 규소2.0∼4.0중량%와, 알루미늄0.1∼1.5중296과, 인0.02∼0.25중량%와, Chrome0.02∼0.4중량%및 티타늄0.02∼0.4중량%으로부터 선택된 1종이상의 원소와, 비스무스0.02∼0.4중량%, 텔루르0.02∼0.4중량%及 ぴ 셀렌0.02∼0.4중량%으로부터 선택된 1종이상의 원소를 함유하여, 또한 나머지 부분이 아연으로 이루어지는 합금조성을 하는 동합금(이하 r 제12발명합금」(라)고 한다)를 제안한다.In the twelfth invention, the lead-free copper alloy, which is excellent in corrosion resistance and high temperature oxidation resistance, is 69-79 wt% copper, 2.0-4.0 wt% silicon, 296 in aluminum 0.1-1.5, and phosphorus. At least one element selected from 0.02 to 0.25% by weight, Chrome 0.02 to 0.4% and titanium 0.02 to 0.4% by weight, bismuth 0.02 to 0.4% by weight, tellurium 0.02 to 0.4% by weight 及 selenium 0.02 to 0.4% by weight A copper alloy containing one or more elements selected from the above and further comprising an alloy composed of zinc (hereinafter referred to as r twelfth invention alloy) is proposed.

즉, 제12발명합금은, 제10발명합금에 비스무스0.02∼0.4중량%, 텔루르0.02∼0.4중량%및 셀렌0.02∼0.4중량%의 적어도 하나를 더욱 함유시킨 합금조성을 하는 것여, 전기한 如 く 규소와 다른 기능에 의해 쾌삭성을 개선하는 원소인 비스무스등을 첨가하는 것에 의해, 제10발명합금과 같은 내고온구화성을 확보하면서, 쾌삭성의 더한 개선을 꾀한 것이다.That is, the twelfth invention alloy is an alloy composition in which at least one of bismuth 0.02 to 0.4% by weight, tellurium 0.02 to 0.4% by weight and selenium 0.02 to 0.4% by weight is further contained in the tenth invention alloy. By adding bismuth, which is an element that improves the free machinability by other functions, and further improving the free machinability while ensuring high temperature hardening resistance similar to that of the tenth invention alloy.

또한, 제13발명에 있어서는, 상기한 각 발명합금에 400∼600℃로 30분∼5시간의 열처리를 베풀어 놓은 것보다, 그 쾌삭성을 더욱 개선한 무연쾌삭성동합금(이하 r 제13발명합금 J라는)을 제안한다.In addition, in the thirteenth invention, the lead-free machinability copper alloy (hereinafter referred to as the r thirteenth invention alloy) further improved the free machinability than the heat treatment for 400 minutes to 400 ° C for 30 minutes to 5 hours. J).

제1∼제12발명합금은 규소등의 쾌삭성개선원소를 첨가한 것여, 이러한 원소의 첨가에 의해 뛰어난 쾌삭성을 갖는 것이지만, 특히, 동농도가 (비싸다)높고, α, β, γ, 6상이외의 상(주로 하고 있지 않는 상)이 많은 경우에는, 열처리에 의해, ん 상이 γ상에 상변화되어, γ상이 미세히 분산석출하는 것에 의해, 쾌삭성이 더욱 개선되는 적이 있다. 예컨대, 銅獲魔가 (비싸다)높은 것으로서는,The first to twelfth invented alloys are those having added high machinability improvement elements such as silicon, and having excellent machinability by the addition of such elements, but especially having high copper concentrations (expensive), α, β, γ, 6 In the case where there are many phases other than phases (phases which are not mainly), the N phase is phase-changed by the heat treatment, and the γ phase is finely dispersed and precipitated, whereby the free machinability is further improved. For example, as the cost is high,

메트릭스의 연성이 (비싸다)높고 γ상의 절대량이 적은 것부터, 냉사이가공 성에 뛰어 나지만, [카지메] 등의 냉사이가공과 절삭가공이 필요한 경우, 상기한 熱處埋가 지극히 유효가 된다. 즉, 제1∵ 제12발명합금에 있어서의 동농도가 (비싸다)높은 것여, γ상이 적게 또한 [바] 상이 많은 것(이하 r 고동농도합금 j라는)에 관해서는, 卒處理에 よりん 상이 γ상에 변화되어, γ상이 미세히 분산석출하는 것에 의해, 쾌삭성이 더욱 개선된다. 또한, 실제로의 주물, 展伸材, 熟聞鍛造品의 제조를 상정한 경우, 주조조건이나 熟間加工(熟間押出, 熟間殿造等)뒤(후)의 생산성, 작업환경등의 조건에 의해서, 그것들의 재과가 강제공냉, 수냉되는 경우가 있다. 이러한 경우, 제1∼제12발명에 있어서, 銅濃魔가 낮은 것(이하 r 低銅獲度合金」(라)고 한다)에서는, γ상이 약간적게 또한 β상을 포함하고 있지만, 열처리를 베풀면(니) , 이것에 의해 β상이 γ상에 변화되는 동시에 γ상이 미세히 분산석출하는 게 되어 :,쾌삭성이 개선된다. 실험에 의해 확인한 바로서는, 銅 及 ぴ 규소와 다른 첨가원소(아연을 제외한다) A와의 배합비가 67≤Cu 13 Si+ a A가(로) 되는 것 같은 조성의 高銅囊度合金 또는 64≥Cu 13 Si+ a A가(로) 되는 것 같은 조성의 저동농도합금에 있어서, 열처리에 의한 효과가 특히 현저하다. 또, a는 첨가원소 A에 의해서 다른 계수 이며, 예컨대, 조카: a= 10.5, 알루미늄: a=12,인: a=13, 안티몬: a=0,砒素: a=0, 망간: a=+ 2.5, 니켈l: a=+ 2.5이다.Although the ductility of the matrix is high and the absolute amount of the γ-phase is small, it is excellent in cold workability. However, when cold-cooling and cutting processing such as Kajime are required, the above-described bonds are extremely effective. In other words, when the copper concentration in the first twelfth invention alloy is high (expensive), the γ phase is small and the [bar] phase is large (hereinafter referred to as r copper concentration alloy j), り り り 상 is different. By changing the γ phase and finely dispersing and depositing the γ phase, the free machinability is further improved. In addition, in the case of the production of the real casting, the exhibition, the mature product, the conditions such as the casting condition, the productivity after the mature production, the working environment, etc. As a result, these ashes may be forced air cooled or water cooled. In this case, in the first to twelfth inventions, in the case of low Q (hereinafter referred to as r 低 銅 獲 度 合金), the γ phase slightly contains β phase, but is subjected to heat treatment. (K) By this, the β phase is changed to the γ phase and the γ phase is finely dispersed and precipitated: The free machinability is improved. As a result of the experiment, the compounding ratio of 銅 及 ぴ silicon and other additive elements (except zinc) A is 67 ≦ Cu 13 Si + a A, and the composition of high 銅 囊 度 合金 or 64≥Cu In low copper concentration alloys having a composition of 13 Si + a A, the effect of heat treatment is particularly remarkable. In addition, a is a coefficient different according to the additive element A, for example, nephew: a = 10.5, aluminum: a = 12, phosphorus: a = 13, antimony: a = 0, = 0: a = 0, manganese: a = + 2.5, nickel l: a = + 2.5.

그러나, 몇 れの 경우에 있어서도, 열처리온도가 400℃ 未構이면, 상기한 상 변화속도가 시간이 늦어, 熱處埋에 지극히 장시간을 요하기 위해서(때문에), 경제적25에도 실용할 수 없다. 반대로(거꾸로), 600℃를 넘으면(니) , 却 ってん 상이 증대하여 혹 β상이 출현하기 위해서(때문에), 쾌삭성의 개선효과가 얻어지지 않는다. 따라서, 실용성을도 고려한 경우, 쾌삭성개선을 위해(때문에)는, 400∼600℃의 조건으로 30분∼5시간의 열처리를 하는 것이 바람직하다.However, even in some cases, if the heat treatment temperature is 400 ° C., the above-described phase change rate is slow, and therefore it is not practical for economic 25, because it requires a very long time. On the contrary (inverted), if it exceeds 600 ° C (ni), the effect of improving the machinability is not obtained because the phase of the phase increases and the β phase appears. Therefore, when practicality is also considered, it is preferable to perform heat processing for 30 minutes-5 hours on 400-600 degreeC condition for free machinability improvement.

도면이 간단한 설명Drawing brief description

도 1은, 만 막대장의 동합금의 표면을 선반에 의해 절삭한 경우에 생성하는 절삭 가루의 형상을 (보이다)가리키는 사팔뜨기도이다.Fig. 1 is a sloping cross section that shows (shows) the shape of the cutting powder produced when the surface of a ten thousand long copper alloy is cut by a lathe.

실시예Example

실시예 로서, 표1∼표35에 (보이다)가리키는 조성의 주괴(외경100 m m, 길이150mm의 원주형상의 것)을 熟間(750℃)로 외경15혈 m의 만 막대장에 押出加工하고, 제1발명합금 No.1001∼No.1008,제2발명합금 No.2001∼No.2011,제3발명합금 No.3001l No.3012,제4발명합금 No.4001∼No.4049,제5발명합금 No.5001∼No.5020,제6발명합금 No.6001∼No.6105,제7발명합금 No.7001∼No.7030,제8발명합금 No.8001∼No.8147,제9발명합금 No.90011 No.9005,제10발명합금 No.10001∼No.10008,제11발명합금 No.11001∼No.11007및 제ㆍ12발명합금 No.1200.1∼No.12021를 얻었다. 또한, 표36에 (보이다)가리키는 조성의 주괴(외경100 mm, 길이150혈 m의 원주형상의 것)을 熟間(750℃)로 외경15 mm의 만 棒伏에 押出加工 한 위, 그 押出材를 표36에 (보이다)가리키는 조건으로 열처리하고, 제13발명합금 No.13001∼No.13006를 얻었다. 즉, No.13001는 제1발명합금 No.1005와 동일조성을 なす 押出材을 580℃, 30분의 조건으로 열처리한 것이고, No.13002는 No.13001와 동일조성을 なす 押出材을 450℃, 2시간의 조건으로 열처리한 것이고, No.13003는 제1발명합금 No.1007와 동일조성을 なす 押出材을 No.13001와 동일조건て 580℃, 30분)으로 熟處理 한 것이고, No.13004는 No.1007와 동일조성을 なす 押出材을 No.13002와 동일조건(450℃, 2시간)으로 열처리한 것이고, No.13005는 제1발명합금 No.1008와 동일조성을 なす 押出材을 No.13001와 동일조건(580℃, 30분)으로 열처리한 것이고, No.1§006는 No.1008와 동일조성을 なす 押出材을 No.13002와 동일조건(450℃, 2時閣)으로 열처리한 것이다.As an example, ingots (shown in Tables 1 to 35) of the composition (circumferential shape of 100 mm in outer diameter and 150 mm in length) were grown to a rod of 10,000 mm in outer diameter 15 mm with mature 間 (750 ° C). , 1st invention alloy No.1001-No.1008, 2nd invention alloy No.2001-No.2011, 3rd invention alloy No.3001l No.3012, 4th invention alloy No.4001-No.4049, 5th Invention Alloys No. 5001 to No. 5020, 6th Invention Alloy No. 6001 to No. 6105, 7th Invention Alloy No. 7001 to No. 7030, 8th Invention Alloy No. 8001 to No.8147, 9th Invention Alloy No.90011 No.9005, No. 10 Invention Alloy No. 10001 to No. 10008, No. 11 Invention Alloy No. 11001 to No. 11007 and No. 12 Invention Alloy No. 1200.1 to No. 12021 were obtained. In addition, Table 36 shows the ingot of the composition (outer diameter of 100 mm, columnar shape of 150 blood m in length) with a mature 押 (750 ° C) in a bay with an outer diameter of 15 mm. The heat treatment was conducted under conditions indicated in Table 36 (shown in Table 36) to obtain the thirteenth invention alloys No.13001 to No.13006. That is, No. 13001 is heat-treated with the same composition as No. 1005 of the first invention alloy at 580 ° C for 30 minutes, and No. 13002 is the same composition as No. 13001 with 450 ° C and 2 It was heat-treated under the condition of time, and No.13003 was matured under the same composition as No.1007 of the first invention alloy at 580 ° C (30 minutes) under No.13001, and No.13004 was No. The same composition as No.13002 is heat-treated under the same conditions as No.13002 (450 ℃, 2 hours) .No.13005 is the same as No.1008 in the first invention alloy No.13001 is the same as No.13001. Heat treatment was carried out under the condition (580 ° C., 30 minutes), and No. 1§006 was heat-treated under the same conditions as No. 13002 under the same conditions as No. 13002 (450 ° C., 2 hours).

또한, 비교예 로서, 표37에 (보이다)가리키는 조성의 주괴 i(외경100 mm, 길이150 mm의 원주형상의 것)을 열사이(750℃)로 押出加工하여, 외경15 mm의 만 棒狀押出材(이하 r 종래 합금」(라)고 한다) No.14001∼No.14006를 얻었다. 또, No.14001는 「Jl SC3604j에 상당하는 것이고, No.14002는 rCDAC36000j에 상당하는 것이고, No.14003는 rJl SC3771j에 상당하는 것이고, No.14004는 rCDAC69800」에 상당하는 것이다. 또한, No.14005는 rJl SC6191j에 상당하는 것여, Jl S에 규정되는 신동품의 안에서 강반, 내마모성에 가장 뛰어 나는 알루미늄청동이다. 또한, No.14006는 rJl SC4622」에 상당하는 것여, Jl S에 규정되는 신동품의 안에서 내단성에 가장 뛰어 나는 Naval청동이다.In addition, as a comparative example, the ingot i of the composition shown in Table 37 (outer diameter 100 mm, columnar shape of 150 mm length) was extruded at a temperature between 750 ° C. to produce a bay of 15 mm outside diameter.材 (hereinafter referred to as r conventional alloy) No.14001 to No.14006 were obtained. No.14001 corresponds to "Jl SC3604j, No.14002 corresponds to rCDAC36000j, No.14003 corresponds to rJl SC3771j, and No.14004 corresponds to rCDAC69800. No.14005 is equivalent to rJl SC6191j, and is an aluminum bronze that is most excellent in steel plate and wear resistance among new products specified in Jl S. No.14006 is equivalent to "rJl SC4622", and is Naval bronze which is the most excellent in endurance among the new products specified in Jl S.

그리고, 제1∼제13발명합금의 쾌삭성을 종래 합금과의 비교에 있어서 확인하도록, 다음과 같은 절삭시험을 하여, 절삭주분력, 切 l 어깨상태및 절삭표면형태를 판정했다.In order to confirm the free machinability of the first to thirteenth invention alloys in comparison with conventional alloys, the following cutting tests were conducted to determine cutting principal force, 切 l shoulder state, and cutting surface shape.

즉, 상기과 같이 하여 얻어진 各押出材의 외주면을, 영검 바이트(arbite)+B3732((퍼내다)구하여 뿔: 18ㆍ)을 (달다)성립시킨 선반에 의해, 절삭속도: 50 m/分, 추궁하고 깊이(절삭대(값)):1.5 m m, 보내고 1:0.11 m m/r e:v.の 조건으로 절삭하여, 바이트(arbite)+B3732에 (달다)성립시킨 3분력동력계로부터의 신호를 重歪測定器에 의해, 壓信號에 변환하여 recorder로 기록하여, 이것을 절삭저항에 환산했다. 그런데,That is, a cutting speed of 50 m / min was determined by a lathe in which the outer circumferential surface of the spout obtained as described above was obtained by arbite + B3732 (spurted) and horns (18) were formed. Depth (cut): 1.5 mm, cut under conditions of 1: 0.11 mm / re: v., And weigh the signal from a three-part dynamic dynamometer established at (arbite) + B3732. It was converted into a recorder by a recorder, recorded by a recorder, and converted into cutting resistance. By the way,

절삭저항의 대소는 3분력즉 주분력, 보내어 分力 及 ぴ 등분력에 의해서 판단되지만, 여기서는, 3분력중 가장 큰 값을 (보이다)가리키는 주분력(N)을 갖아 절삭저항의 대소를 판단하는 것으로 했다. 그 결과는, 표38∼표66에 (보이다)가리키는 길(종류)였다.The magnitude of the cutting force is judged by the three components, that is, the main component and the equal distribution, but here, the largest component among the three components has the main component (N). I did it. The result was the way (kind) indicated by Table 38-66.

또한, 절삭에 의해 생성한 切 j 층의 상태를 관찰하여, 그 형상에 의해서 도1(A)∼(D)에 (보이다)가리키는 如 く 4개에 분류하여, 표1∼표37에 (보이다)가리켰다. 그런데, 切 j 어깨가, (D)도 에 (보이다)가리키는 如く, 3권이상의 나선형상을 하고 있는 경우에는, 절삭 가루의 처리(切居의 회수나 재활용: 等十棚困離이(로) 되는 위, 절삭 가루가 바이트(arbite)+B3732에 얽혀 붙거나, 절삭표면을 손상시키는 등의 문제점이 발생하여, 양호한 절삭가공을 할 수 없다. 또한, 切層이, (C)도에 (보이다)가리키는 如く, 반권정도의 원호형상으로부터 2권정도마의 나선형상을 하고 있는 경우에는, 3권이상의 나선형상을 하는 경우 같은 큰 문제점은 생기지 않지만, 이나 (뻗다)붙여 절삭 가루의 처리가 용이하지 않고, 연속절삭가공을 하는 경우 등에 있어 서는 바이트(arbite)+B3732에의 격み 첨부나 절삭표면의 損犧等를 생기는 가죽れがある.그러나, 切居가, (Å)의 같은 미세한 바늘형상편이나(B)의 같은 부채형장편 또는 원호형상편에 황단떠난다 れる 犧合에는, 상기와 같은 문제점이 생기는 일이 없고, (C)도 이나(D)도 에 (보이다)가리키는 사물의(겨우) 것 같게 일뻗지 않는 것부터, 切居의 처리도 용이하다. 단지, 切居가(A)도 같은 微細形伏에 기세단떠난다 れる 犧合에는, 선반등의 공작기계의 摺動面에 잠입하여 넣어 기계적 장해를 발생: 하거나, 작업자의 手描, 눈에 찔리는 등의 위험을 따르는 적이 있다. 따라서, 쾌삭성을 판단■ 하는 위에서는, (B)도 에 (보이다)가리키는 것이 최선 이며, (A)도 에 (보이다)가리키는 것이 이것에 계속, (C)도 이나(D)도 에 (보이다)가리키는 것은 부적당으로 하는 것이 상당하다. 표38∼표66에 있어서는, (B)에 (보이다)가리키는良의 切房狀態가 관찰된 것을 r◎」로, (A)도 에 (보이다)가리키는 약간 양호한 절삭 가루狀態가 관찰된 것을 rOj에서, (C)도 에 (보이다)가리키는 불량인 切層狀態가 관찰된 것을 r△ j에서, (D)에 (보이다)가리키는 最愕의 切屈伏態가 관찰된 것을 rx」로 (보이다)가리켰다.In addition, the state of the j j layer formed by cutting was observed, and the shape (see) shown in Figs. 1 (A) to (D) was classified into four according to the shape, and shown in Tables 1 to 37 (shown in Table 1). Pointed. By the way, 切 j shoulder, (D) is also visible ()), if you have three or more spirals, the processing of cutting powder (recovering and recycling of 切 居: 等 十 棚 困 離) In this case, problems such as cutting powder may become entangled in the bite + B3732, damage to the cutting surface, etc., resulting in a poor cutting process, as shown in (C). If you are in the shape of a spiral of about two volumes from a circular arc shape of around half a circle, the same big problem does not occur when you have three or more spirals, but it is not easy to process the cutting powder. In the case of continuous cutting, the leather re が ア ル which produces bite to the bite + B3732 and the edge of the cutting surface.However, the same fine needle-like piece of (Å) The same fan-shaped or arc-shaped pieces of B) It is not easy to have such problems as above in reru 犧 合, and (C) and (D) are easy to see because they do not seem to stretch out like thing of (thing), too. However, in the same way, the A (A) also leaves the momentum in the same shape, and the mechanical interference is inserted into the surface of the machine tool such as a lathe, causing mechanical failure: Therefore, it is best to point at (B) to (show) and (A) to (see) at this point when judging high machinability. It is appropriate to point to (shown) in (D) or (D) .In Tables 38 to 66, (B) refers to (B). The good quality was observed in r ◎ '', and (A) also showed slightly good cutting powder 狀態. In rOj, (C) also showed poor quality. In rΔj, (D) points to (rx) that the most significant magnitude is observed.

또한, 절삭후에 있어서, 절삭표면의 양부를 표면거칠이에 의해 판정했다. 그 결과는, 표38∼표66에 (보이다)가리키는 길(종류)였다. 그런데, 표면거칠이의 기준으로서는 최대높이(R 혈 ax)이 사용되는 것이 대부분, 황동제품의 용도에도 의하지만, 일반적으로, Rmax く 104 m 이면 지극히 쾌삭성에 뛰어 나는 (이)라고 판단할수가 있어, 104 m≤ Rmax く 151βm 이면 공업적으로 만족할 수 있는 쾌삭성을 얻을 수 있었던 것으로 판단할 수 있고, Rnlax≥151βm의 경우에는 쾌삭성에 뒤떨어지는 것으로 판단할 수 있다. 표38∼표65에 있어서는, Rolax く 104혈의 경우를 rO」로, 10βm≤R 혈 ax く 1514 m의 경우를 r△」로, Rlllax≥151 [바] n의 경우를 rX」로 (보이다)가리켰다.In addition, after cutting, both parts of the cutting surface were determined by surface roughening. The result was the way (kind) indicated by Table 38-66. By the way, as the standard of the surface roughness, the maximum height (R blood ax) is mostly used depending on the use of brass products, but in general, it can be judged that Rmax of 104 m is extremely excellent in excellent machinability. When 104 m ≤ Rmax * 151βm, it can be judged that industrially satisfactory high machinability was obtained. In the case of Rnlax≥151βm, it can be determined that the machinability is inferior to high machinability. In Tables 38 to 65, the case of Rolax 104 blood is shown as rO ", the case of 10βm≤R blood ax * 1514 m is represented by rΔ", and the case of Rlllax≥151 [bar] n is represented by rX "( Pointed.

표38∼표66에 (보이다)가리키는 절삭시험의 결과로부터 분명하도록(것같이), 제1발명합금 No.1001∼No.1008,제2발명합금 No.2001∼No.2011,제3발명합금 No.3001∼. No.3012,제4발명합금 No.4001∼No.4049,제5발명합금 No.5001∼No.5020,제6발명합금 No.6001∼No.6105,제7발명합금 No.7001∼No.7030,제8발명합금 No.8001∼No.8147,제9발명합금 No.9001∼No.9005,제10발명합금 No.10001∼No.ㆍ10008,제11발명합금 No.11001∼No.11007및 제12발명합금 No.12001∼No.12021는, 그 아뭏든 에 있어서도, 납을 대량에 함유하는 종래 합금 No.14001∼No.14003와 동등의 쾌삭성을 갖는 것이다. 특히, 切后의 생성상태에 限 ?ては, 납함유량이 0.1중량%이하 인 해(나이) 미합금 No.14004∼No.14006에 비하여 서는 물론, 납을 대량에 함유하는 종래 합금 No.14001∼No.14003에 비하더라도, 양호한 쾌삭성을 갖는다.From the results of the cutting test indicated in Tables 38 to 66, the first invention alloys No. 1001 to No. 1008, the second invention alloys No. 2001 to No. 2011, and the third invention alloy are shown. No.3001-. No.3012, 4th invention alloy No.4001-No.4049, 5th invention alloy No.5001-No.5020, 6th invention alloy No.6001-No.6105, 7th invention alloy No.7001-No. 7030, 8th invention alloy No.8001 to 88147, 9th invention alloy No.9001 to No.9005, 10th invention alloy No.10001 to No.10008, 11th invention alloy No.11001 to No.11007 And the twelfth invention alloys No.12001 to No.12021 have the same high machinability as those of the conventional alloys No.14001 to No.14003 containing a large amount of lead even in any of them. Particularly, conventional alloy No.14001 containing a large amount of lead as well as non-alloy No.14004 to No.14006 due to the fact that lead content is less than 0.1% by weight in the state of formation of iron. Even if compared with -No.14003, it has favorable free machinability.

또한, 표38및 표65로부터 분명하도록(것같이), 제13발명합금 No.13001∼No.13006는, 이들과 동일조성을 하는 제1발명합금 No.1005, No.1007및 No.1008에 비하여 쾌삭성이 향상하고 있어, 적당한 열처리를 베푸는 것에 의해 쾌삭성을 더욱 향상시켜 얻는 것이 확인되었다.Further, as is apparent from Tables 38 and 65, the thirteenth invention alloys No. 13001 to No. 13006 were compared with the first invention alloys No. 1005, No. 1007 and No. 1008 which have the same composition as these. Free machinability was improved, and it was confirmed that free machinability was further improved by giving appropriate heat treatment.

다음에, 제1∼제13발명합금의 熟間加工性 及 ぴ 기계적성질을, 종래 합금과의 비교에 있어서 확인하도록, 다음과 같은 熱鬪壓縮試驗 及 ぴ 한장력시험을 했다.Next, the following tensile strength test was conducted to confirm the mature mechanical properties of the first to thirteenth invention alloys in comparison with conventional alloys.

즉, 상기과 같이 하여 얻어진 各押出材로부터 동일형상(외경15 mm, 길이25 mm)의 제1및 제2시험편을 말을 꺼내었다. 그리고, 열사이압축시험에 있어서는, 각 제1시험편을 700℃에 가열하여 30分聞保持 한 위,That is, the first and second test pieces of the same shape (outer diameter 15 mm, length 25 mm) were taken out from the spouts obtained as described above. In the thermocompression test, each first test piece was heated at 700 ° C. for 30 minutes,

. 축선방향에 709%의 압축율로 압축(제1시험편의 높이(길이)가 25혈 m에서 7.5 m m이 될 때까지 압축)하여, 압축뒤(후)의 표면형태(700℃ 변형능)을 목시판정 했다. 그 결과는, 표38∼표66에 (보이다)가리키는 길(종류)였다. 변형능의 판정은 시험편측면에 있어서의 crack의 상태로부터 목시에 의해 하여, 표38∼표66에 있어서는, crack이 전혀 생기지 않은 것을 rO」. 그래서 작은 crack이 생긴 것을 r△ j에서, 큰 crack이 생긴 것을 rXj에서 (보이다)가리켰다. 또한, 각 제2시험편을 사용하여, 常法 에 의한 한장력시험을 행동, 인장강함(N/m m 2)및 신장하여 (96)를 측정했다.. Compression was carried out at a compression rate of 709% in the axial direction (compression until the height (length) of the first test piece became 7.5 mm at 25 m), and visually determined the surface shape (after 700 ° C deformation) after compression. . The result was the way (kind) indicated by Table 38-66. Determination of the deformation capacity was visually determined from the state of cracks on the test piece side surface, and in Tables 38 to 66, no cracks occurred. So a small crack has occurred in rΔ j and a large crack has occurred in rXj (shown). In addition, using each second test piece, the tensile strength test (N / m m 2) and elongation were carried out according to the kinematic method, and (96) was measured.

표38∼표66에 (보이다)가리키는 熟間壓縮試驗 및 한장력시험의 결과로부터, 제1∼제13발명합금은, 종래 합금 No.14001∼No.14004및 No.14006와 同等若 しくはそれ 이상의 熟間加工性 및 기계적성상을 갖는 것여, 공업적으로 적합하게 사용할 수 있는 것이 확인되었다. 특히, 제7및 제8발명합금에 관해서는, Jl S에 규정되는 신동품의 안에서 강도에도 뛰어 나는 알루미늄청동인 종래 합금 No.14005와 동등의 기계적성질을 갖는 것여, 고력성에 뛰어 나는 것이 이해된다.From the results of the maturity test and the tensile strength test, Tables 1 to 13 show that the first to thirteenth invention alloys are the same as conventional alloys No.14001 to No.14004 and No.14006. It was confirmed that it had the above maturity and mechanical property, and was able to use industrially suitably. In particular, with regard to the seventh and eighth invention alloys, It is understood to have the same mechanical properties as those of conventional alloy No. 14405, which is also excellent aluminum bronze, and excellent in high strength.

또한, 제1∼제6發明合金 及 ぴ 제9∼제13발명합금의 내식성 及 ぴ 내응력부식깨어져 성을, 종래 합금과의 비교에 있어서 확인하도록, rl S 06509 j에 정하는 방법에 よる 脫亞鉛腐蝕試驗 및 「JIS H3250」에 규정되는 응력부식깨어져 시험을 했다.In addition, the corrosion resistance of the first to sixth alloys of the first to sixth metal alloys, the stress corrosion resistance and the corrosion resistance of the alloys are determined by the method specified in rl S 06509 j so as to confirm the cracking resistance in comparison with conventional alloys. The stress corrosion cracking test prescribed | regulated to X and "JIS H3250" was done.

즉, rl S 06509」의 脫亞鉛魔蝕試驗에 있어서는, 各押出材으로부터 채취한 시료를, [네] 이슬시료표면이 當該押出材의 압출 방향에 대하여 직각이(로) 되 도록(것같이) 하여 phenol resin재에 묻어 둬, 시료표면을 Emery지에 의해 1200번까지 연마한 뒤(후), 이것을 순수중에서 초음파세정하여 건조했다. 이리 하여 얻어진 피부식시험시료를, 1.0 j% 6의 염화제2동2물합염(CuC12ㆍ2 H 20)의 수용액(12.7 g/1)중에 Nagahama하여, 75℃의 온도조건하(밑)로 24시간보지한 뒤(후), 수용액중에서 꺼내어, 그 脫亞鉛腐蝕深 さの 최대치(最大脫亞鉛膚蝕深요)를 측정했다. 그 결과는, 표38∼표50및 표61∼표66에 (보이다)가리키는 길(종류)였다.That is, in the case of rl S 06509 ", the sample taken from the 各 押出 材 is placed so that the surface of the [dew] sample is perpendicular to the extrusion direction of the 當 該 押出 材. The surface of the sample was polished up to 1200 times with Emery paper (after), and then ultrasonically cleaned in pure water and dried. Thus obtained skin food sample was subjected to Nagahama in an aqueous solution (12.7 g / 1) of 1.0 j% 6 cupric chloride dihydrochloride (CuC12.2H20), under a temperature condition of 75 ° C (bottom). After holding for 24 hours (after), the solution was taken out of an aqueous solution and the maximum value was measured. The result was the way (kind) which points to Table 38-Table 50, and Table 61-Table 66 (shown).

표38∼표50및 표61∼奏 66에 (보이다)가리키는 脫重鉛居館試驗의 拮果로부터 이해되 도록(것같이), 제1∼제4發明合金 及 ぴ 제9∼제13발명합금은, 대량의 납을 함유하는 종래 합금 No.14001∼No.14003에 비하여 뛰어 나 [부] 二내식성을 갖아, 특히, 쾌삭성과 같이 내식성의 향상을 꾀한 제5및 제6발명합금에 관해서는, Jl S에 규정되는 신동품의 안에서 내식성에 가장 뛰어 나는 Naval황동인 종래 합금 No.14006에 비하더라도 지극히 뛰어난 내식성을 갖는 것이 확인되었다.As shown in Tables 38 to 50 and Tables 61 to 66, the first to fourth alloys of the 9th to 13th invention alloys are Is superior to the conventional alloys No.14001 to No.14003 containing a large amount of lead. [Secondary] The corrosion resistance of the second and sixth invention alloys, in particular, to improve the corrosion resistance, such as high machinability, is Jl. It was confirmed that it has extremely excellent corrosion resistance compared to the conventional alloy No.14006 which is Naval brass which is the most excellent in corrosion resistance among the new products prescribed by S.

또한, rJIS H3250j의 應力膚蝕割 れ 시험에 있어서는, 各押出材으로부터 길이150 m 혈의 시료를 말을 꺼내어, 각 시료를, 그 중앙부를 반경40 mm의 円弧狀治具에 댄 상태로, 그 일단부가 것 외단부에 대하여 45.로 되 도록(것같이) 석출시켜, 시험편으로 했다. 이렇게하여 인장잔류응력을 부가된 각 시험편을 탈지, . 건조처리한 위, 12.596의 암모니아물(암모니아를 등1의 순물로 묽게한 것)을 넣은 [데시게타] 안의 암모니아분위기(25ㆍC)중에 보지시켰다. 즉, 각 시험편을 [데시게타] 안에서의 암모니아수면에서 약80 m 혈윗쪽의 위치에 보지한다. 그리고, 시험편의 암모니아券圍氣中 에 있어서의 보지시간이, 2시간, 8시간, 24시간을 경과한 시점에서, 시험편을 [데시게타] 로부터 집어내어, 1096의 硫致로 세정한 위, 해당 시험편의 깨어짐의 유무를 확대경계(배율: 10배)로 시인했다. 그 결과는,In addition, in the J れ test of rJIS H3250j, a 150-meter-long blood sample was taken out from the 各 押出 材, and each sample was put in the center of a 40-mm radius 그 治 具, One end was deposited so as to be 45. with respect to the outer end of the test piece. In this way, degreasing each specimen to which tensile residual stress is applied. After drying, it was held in an ammonia atmosphere (25 占 폚) in [Decigeta] containing 12.596 ammonia (diluted ammonia with pure water such as 1). That is, each specimen is held at a position of about 80 m above the ammonia surface in [Decighetta]. Then, when the holding time in the ammonia of the test piece passed 2 hours, 8 hours, and 24 hours, the test piece was picked up from [Decigeta] and washed with 1096 kPa. The presence or absence of the fracture of the test piece was recognized by the magnification boundary (magnification: 10 times). The result is,

표38∼표50및 표61∼표66에 (보이다)가리키는 길(종류)였다. 이것들의 표에 있어서는, 암모니아券圍氣中 에서의 보지시간이 2시간인 경우에 명료한 깨어짐이 인정을 받은 것에 관해서는 rXXj에서, 2시간경과때에 있어서는 깨어짐이 인정을 받지 않았지만, 8시간경과때에 있어서는 명료한 깨어짐이 인정을 받은 ㆍ쯤의 에 관해서는 「×」으로, 8시간경과때에 있어서는 깨어짐이 인정을 받지 않았지만, 24시간 i 窪適時에 있어서는 명료한 깨어짐이 인정을 받은 것에 관해서는 r△ j에서, 24시간경과때에 있어서도 깨어짐이 전혀 인정을 받지 않은 것에 관해서는「0」으로 (보이다)가리켰다.Tables 38-50 and Tables 61-66 point to (show) the way (kind). In these tables, when the holding time in ammonia was 2 hours, the clear break was recognized in rXXj, but the break was not recognized in 2 hours, but 8 hours passed. For the time when clear break was recognized in the time, "x" was regarded as being broken. In 8 hours, the break was not recognized, but the clear break was recognized in 24 hours. In r Δ j, it is indicated as “0” (not shown) regarding the fact that the crack is not recognized at all even after elapse of 24 hours.

표38∼표50및 표61∼표66에 (보이다)가리키는 응력부식깨어져 시험의 결과로부터 이해되 도록(것같이), 쾌삭성과 같이 내식성의 향상을 꾀한 제5및 제6발명합금에 관해서는 물론, 내식성 에 관해서는 각별한 배려를 하지 않고 있는 제1∼제4발명합금및 제9∼제13발명합금에 관해서도, 아연을 포함하지 않는 알루미늄청동인 종래 합금14005과 동등의 내응력부식깨어져 성을 갖아, Jl S에 규정되는 신동품의 안에서 내식성에 가장 뛰어 나는 Naval황동인 종래 합금 No.14006보다 뛰어난 耐應力魔蝕割 れ 성을 갖는 것이 확인되었다.As shown in Tables 38 to 50 and Tables 61 to 66, as well as the fifth and sixth invention alloys for improving the corrosion resistance, such as free machinability, as understood from the results of the test, the stress corrosion is broken. In the first to fourth invention alloys and the ninth to thirteenth invention alloys, which do not pay special attention to corrosion resistance, they have stress corrosion resistance that is equivalent to that of conventional alloy 14005, which is aluminum bronze, which does not contain zinc. , It was confirmed that among new products specified in Jl S, it has superior 耐 應 力 魔 蝕 割 れ resistance than conventional alloy No.14006, which is Naval brass which is the most excellent in corrosion resistance.

또한, 제9∼제12발명합금의 내고온산화성을, 종래 합금과의 비교에 있어서 확인하도록, 다음과 같은 산화시험을 했다.In addition, the following oxidation test was carried out to confirm the high temperature oxidation resistance of the ninth to twelfth invention alloys in comparison with the conventional alloy.

즉, 各押出材 No.9001∼No.9005, No.10001∼No.10008, No.11001∼No.11007, No.12001∼No.12021及 ぴ No.14001∼14006로부터, 외경이 14 mm이(로) 되 도록(것같이) 표면감삭되어 또한 길이30 m 혈에 절단된 만 막대장의 시험편을 얻어, 각 시험편의 중1(이하 r 산화전중1」(라)고 한다)ㆍ를 측정했다. 어떤(꾸짖는) 뒤(후), 각 시험편을, 磁性堆甘渦에 수납한 상태로, 500℃에 보지된 전기로내에 방치했다. 그리고, 放五時閣가 100시간을 경과한 시점에서 전기로로부터 집어내어, 각 시험편의 아동1(이하 r 산화후 중1」(라)고 한다)를 측정한 위, 산화전31과 산화후 중1과 から 연화증가1를 산출했다. 여기에, 산화증가1란(와는), 시험편의 표면적10 c 혈2당의 산화에 의한 증가중1(피 g)의 정도를 (보이다)가리키는 것여, r 산화증가1(피g/10 c 혈2)=(산화후 실1(mg)1산화전실1(m g))×(10 c m 2/시험편의 표면적(c m 2)」의 식으로부터 산출된 것이다. 즉, 각 시험편의 산화후 실1은 산화전중량보다 증가하고 있지만, 이것은 고온산화에 의한 것이다. 즉, 고온에 바래면(니) , 산소와 동, 아연, 규소와가 결합하고 Cu20, Zn 0, Si.02가(로) 되어, 그 산소증가분에 의해 중1이 증가하는 것이다. 따라서, 이 증가중1의 정도(산화증가1)가 작은 정도, 내고온산화성에 우수하다는 것이 (할수있다)되어, 표61∼표64및 표661こ (보이다) 가리키는 결과가(로) 되었다.That is, from No.9001 to No.9005, No.10001 to No.10008, No.11001 to No.11007, No.12001 to No.12021 及 No.14001 to 14006, the outer diameter is 14 mm Ten thousand rod-shaped specimens were obtained by surface attenuation and cut into 30 m blood to measure the length of each specimen (hereinafter referred to as r before oxidation). . Each test piece was left in the electric furnace hold | maintained at 500 degreeC in the state which stored in 磁性 after some (after scolding). And after picking up from the electric furnace when 100 hours passed, and measuring the child 1 (hereinafter referred to as "1 after r oxidation") of each test piece, before 31 oxidation and after oxidation 1 and か ら softening increase1 were calculated. Here, the oxidation increase 1 indicates the degree of 1 (p g) of the increase by the oxidation of the surface area of the test piece 10 c blood 2 sugar, and the r oxidation increase 1 (p g / 10 c blood 2). ) = (Post Oxidation Thread 1 (mg) 1 Preoxidation Chamber 1 (mg)) x (10 cm 2 / Surface Area of the Test Piece (cm 2) '', that is, the thread 1 after oxidation of each test piece is oxidized. Although it is increasing than the total weight, it is due to high temperature oxidation, that is, when high temperature (nee) bonds with oxygen, copper, zinc, and silicon, Cu20, Zn 0, and Si. The increase in oxygen is increased by 1, so that the degree of 1 (oxidation increase 1) is small and excellent in high temperature oxidation resistance. Resulted in (shown).

표61∼표64및 표66에 (보이다)가리키는 산화시험의 결과로부터 분명하도록(것같이), 제9∼제12발명합금의 적화증가1는, J- IS에 규정되는 신동품의 안에서도 고도의 내고온산화성을 갖는 청동인 종래 합금 No.14005와 동등 이며, 다른 종래 합금보다는 지극히 작게 되어 있다. 따라서,As shown in Table 61 to Table 64 and Table 66 (as shown), the increase in redness of the ninth to twelfth invented alloys is high within the new products specified in J-IS, as is apparent from the results of the oxidation test. It is equivalent to conventional alloy No.14005, which is bronze having an oxidizing property, and is extremely small than other conventional alloys. therefore,

. 제9∼제12발명합금이, 쾌삭성에 가하여, 내고온산화성에도 지극히 뛰어난 것이 확인되었다.. It was confirmed that the ninth to twelfth invention alloys were excellent in high temperature oxidation resistance in addition to the free cutting property.

또한, 제2의 실시예 로서, 표14∼표31에 (보이다)가리키는 조성의 주괴(외경100 mm, 길이200mm의 원주형상의 것)을 熟間(700℃)로 외경35 mm의 만 막대장에 押出加工 하고, 제7발명합금 No.7001 a∼No.7030 a 및 제8발명합금 No.8001 a∼No.8147 a를 얻었다. 또한, 제2의 비교예 로서, 표37에 (보이다)가리키는 조성의 주괴(외경100 mm, 길이200 mm의 円柱形洗의 것)을 熟間(700℃)로 압출가공하여, 외경35 mm의 만 봉상압출재(이하 r 종래 합금」(라)고 한다) No.14001 a∼No.14006 a를 얻었다. 또, No.7001 a∼No.7030 a, N.. 8001 a∼N.. 8147 a 벗び N.. 14001 a∼N.. 14006 a는, 각기, 전기한 동합금 No.7001∼No.7030,ㆍN9ㆍ8001∼No.8147및 No.14001∼No.14.006와 동일의 합금조성을 하는 것이다.In addition, as a second embodiment, the ingots (outer diameter of 100 mm and the columnar shape of length 200 mm) of the composition shown in Tables 14 to 31 (a column of 100 mm in diameter and 200 mm in length) were obtained in a mature bar (700 ° C.) with a bay bar of 35 mm in outer diameter. The seventh invention alloys No.7001a to No.7030a and the eighth invention alloys No.8001a to No.8147a were obtained. In addition, as a second comparative example, shown in Table 37, the ingot of the composition (outer diameter of 100 mm and the length of 200 mm) was extruded at a mature temperature (700 ° C.) to an outer diameter of 35 mm. Only a rod-shaped extruded material (hereinafter referred to as "r conventional alloy") No.14001a to No.14006a were obtained. No.7001 a to No.7030 a and N..8001 a to N .. 8147 a stripped N..14001 a to N..14006 a are copper alloys No.7001 to No.7030, respectively. The same alloy composition as in N9,8001 to No.8147 and No.14001 to No.14.006 is performed.

그리고, 제7발명합금 No.7001 a∼No.7030:a 및 제8발명합금 No.8001 a∼No.8147 a의 내마모성을, 종래 합금 No.14001 a∼No.14006 a와의 비교에 있어서 확인하도록, 다음과 같은 마모시험을 했다.And the wear resistance of 7th invention alloy No.7001a-No.7030: a and 8th invention alloy No.8001a -No.8147a was confirmed by the comparison with alloy No.14001a-No.14006a. To do this, the following abrasion test was carried out.

즉, 상기과 같이 하여 얻어진 각 압출재로부터, 그 외주면을 절삭한 위, 구멍새벽녘 가공및 절단가공을 베푸는 것에 의해, 외경32 m혈, 두께(축선방향길이)10m m의 ring장시험편을 얻은 위, 각 시험편을 회전자재인 축에 감합고정하여, 이것과 축선을 평행으로 하는 외경48 m m의 SUS304제 roll에 50 k g의 하중을 (빠지다)걸어 억압접촉시킨 상태에 보지시킨다. 어떤(꾸짖는) 뒤(후),That is, from each extruded material obtained as described above, after cutting the outer circumferential surface thereof, the ring-long test piece having an outer diameter of 32 m blood and a thickness (axial length) of 10 mm m was obtained by cutting the hole circumference and cutting. The test piece is fitted to the shaft which is a rotating material, and it is held in a state of being pressed into a roll of 50 kg of SUS304 having an outer diameter of 50 mm (parallel) in parallel with the axis. After what (backing up),

SUS304제 roll및 이에 인접하는 시험편을, 해당 시험편의 외주면에 multi Oil을 적하하면서, 동일회전수(20 g r.p.m.)으로 회전구동시킨다. 그리고, 해당 시험편의 회전수가 10만회 에 달한 시점에서, SUS304제 roll및 시험편의 회전을 정지하여, 각 시험편의 회전전후에 있어서의 중1차이즉 마모감소하여 1(m g)을 측정했다. 이러한 마모감소하여 1가 적은 정도, 내마모성에 뛰어난 동합금이라는 것이 (할수있다)되지만, 그 결과는, 표67∼표77에 (보이다)가리키는 길(종류)였다. 표67∼표77에 (보이다)가리키는 마모시험의 결과로부터 분명하도록(것같이), 제7발명합금 No.7001 a∼No.7030 a 및 제8발명합금 No.8001 a∼No.8147 a는, 종래 합금 No.14001∼No.14004및 No.14005에 비하여 서는 물론, Jl S에 규정되는 신동품의 안에서 내마모성에 가장 뛰어난 알루미늄청동이다. 종래 합금 No.14005에 비하더라도, 내마모성이 뛰어 나는 것이 확인되었다. 따라서, 상기한 한장력시험의 결과를 도 고려하여 종합적으로 판단한 경우, 제7및 제8발명합금은, 쾌삭성에 가하여, Jl S에 규정되는 신동품의 안에서 내마모성에 가장 뛰어 나는 알루미늄청동과 동등이상의 고력성, 내마모성을 갖는 것이다. 라고 할 수 있다.A roll made of SUS304 and the adjacent test piece are rotated at the same rotational speed (20 g r.p.m.) while dropping multi oil on the outer peripheral surface of the test piece. When the rotation speed of the test piece reached 100,000 times, the rotation of the roll made of SUS304 and the test piece was stopped, and 1 (m g) was measured to reduce the middle order, that is, the wear, before and after the rotation of each test piece. Although it can be said that it is the copper alloy excellent in abrasion resistance to such an extent that abrasion reduction was small, the result was the way (kind) shown to Table 67-77. From the results of the abrasion test indicated in Tables 67 to 77, the seventh invention alloys No.7001 a to No.7030 a and the eighth invention alloy Nos. 8001 a to No.8147 a are Compared with the conventional alloys Nos. 14001 to No. 14004 and No. 14005, the aluminum bronze is excellent in wear resistance among the new products specified in JS. It was confirmed that it is excellent in abrasion resistance even compared with the conventional alloy No.14005. Therefore, when comprehensively considering the results of the above-mentioned tension test, the seventh and eighth invented alloys, in addition to the high machinability, have a high strength equal to or higher than that of aluminum bronze, which is the most excellent in abrasion resistance among the new products specified in Jl S. It has sex and wear resistance. It can be said.

Claims (12)

동69∼79중책9% 및 규소2.0∼4.0중량%를 함유하여, 또한 나머지 부분이 아연으로 이루어지는 합금조성을 하는 것을 특징으로 하는 무연쾌삭성동합금.A lead-free free-cutting copper alloy containing 9% of copper from 69 to 79 and from 2.0 to 4.0% by weight of silicon, and the remainder of which is made of zinc. 동69∼79중량%와, 규소2.0∼4.0중량%와, 비스무스0.02∼0.4중량%, 텔루르0.02∼0.4중19% 및 셀렌0.02∼0.4중량%으로부터 선택된 1종이상의 원소를 함유하여, 또한 나머지 부분이 아연으로 이루어지는 합금조성을 하는 것을 특징으로 하는 무연쾌삭성동합금.69-79 wt% of silicon, 2.0-4.0 wt% of silicon, 0.02-0.4 wt% of bismuth, 19% of tellurium 0.02-0.4, and at least one element selected from 0.02-0.4 wt% of selenium; A lead-free free-cutting copper alloy characterized in that the alloy is made of zinc. 동70∼80중량%과, 규소1.8∼3∵ 5중량%와, 전0.3∼3.5중량%, 알루미늄1.0∼3.5중량%및 인0.02∼0.25중량%으로부터 선택된 1종이상의 원소를 함유하여, 또한 나머지 부분이 아연으로 이루어지는 합금조성을 하는 것을 특징으로 하는 무연쾌삭성동합금.70 to 80% by weight, 5 to 5% by weight of silicon, 1.8 to 3%, and one or more elements selected from 0.3 to 3.5% by weight, 1.0 to 3.5% by weight of aluminum, and 0.02 to 0.25% by weight of phosphorus. A lead-free free cutting copper alloy, characterized in that the portion is made of an alloy consisting of zinc. 동70∼80중량%와,규소1.8∼3.5중량%와,녹0.3∼3.5중량%,알루미늄1.0∼3.53196및 인0.02∼0.25중량%으로부터 선택된 1종이상의 원소와, 비스무스0.02-0.4중량%및, 텔루르0.02∼0.4중량% 및 셀렌0.02∼0.4중량%으로부터 선택된 1종이상의 원소를 함유하여, 또한 나머지 부분이 아연으로 이루어지는 합금조성을 하는 것을 특징으로 하는 무연 쾌삭성동합금.At least one element selected from 70 to 80% by weight of copper, 1.8 to 3.5% by weight of silicon, 0.3 to 3.5% by weight of green, 1.0 to 3.53196 of aluminum and 0.02 to 0.25% by weight of phosphorus, 0.02-0.4% by weight of bismuth, and A lead-free free-cutting copper alloy containing at least one element selected from tellurium from 0.02 to 0.4% by weight and selenium from 0.02 to 0.4% by weight, and the remainder being composed of an alloy composed of zinc. 동69∼79중량%와, 규소2.0∼4.0중량%과, 전0.313.5중 i96,인0.02∼0.25중책96, 안티몬0.02∼0.15중량9% 미치고 규소 0.02∼0.15중량%으로부터 선택된 1종. 이상의 원소를 함유하여, 또한 나머지 부분이 아연 내지 합금 조성을 하는 것을 특징으로 하는 무연쾌삭성동합금.1 type selected from 69-79 weight% of copper, 2.0-4.0 weight% of silicon, i96, phosphorus 0.02-0.25 weight 96, antimony 0.02-0.15 weight 9% in all 0.313.5, and 0.02-0.15 weight of silicon. A lead-free ductile copper alloy containing the above elements, wherein the remaining portion is zinc to alloy composition. 동69∼79중량%과,규소2.0∼4.0량196과, 녹0.3∼3.5중량%,인0.02∼0.25중량%, 안티몬0.02∼0.15중량%및 비소 0.02∼0.15중량%으로부터 선택된 1종 이상의 원소와, 비스무스0.02∼0.4중량%, 텔루르0.02∼0.4중량%및 셀렌0.02∼0.4중19%부터 선택된 1종이상의 원소를 함유하여, 또한 나머지 부분이 아연으로 이루어지는 합금조성을 하는 것을 특징으로 하는 무연쾌삭성동합금.At least one element selected from 69 to 79 weight percent copper, 2.0 to 4.0 weight percent silicon, 0.3 to 3.5 weight percent rust, 0.02 to 0.25 weight percent phosphorus, 0.02 to 0.15 weight percent antimony, and 0.02 to 0.15 weight percent arsenic; Lead-free free-cutting copper alloy containing at least one element selected from bismuth 0.02 to 0.4% by weight, tellurium 0.02 to 0.4% by weight and selenium 0.02 to 0.4 by weight, and the remainder being composed of zinc. . 동62∼78중량%와,규소2.5∼4.5중량%와,주석0.3∼3.0중량%, 알루미늄0.2∼2.5중11% 6및 인0.02∼0.25중량%으로부터 선택된 1종이상의 원소와, 망간0.7∼ 3.5중량%및 니켈l0.7∼3.5중량%으로부터 선택된 1종이상의 원소를 함유하여, 또한 나머지 부분이 아연으로 이루어지는 합금조성을 하는 것을 특징으로 하는 무연쾌삭성동합금.At least one element selected from 62 to 78 weight percent copper, 2.5 to 4.5 weight percent silicon, 0.3 to 3.0 weight percent tin, 11 to 6 weight percent 0.2 to 2.5 aluminum and 0.02 to 0.25 weight percent phosphorus, manganese 0.7 to 3.5 A lead-free free-cutting copper alloy containing at least one element selected from weight% and nickel 0.7-3.5% by weight, and further comprising an alloy composed of zinc. 동62∼78중량%와, 규소 2.5∼4.5중량%와, 주석0.3∼3.0중량%, 알루미늄0.2∼2.5중량% 및 인0.02∼0.25중량%으로부터 선택된 1종이상의 원소와, 망간0.7∼3.5중량% 및 니켈l0.7∼3.5중량%으로부터 선택된 1종이상의 원소와, 비스무스0.02∼0.4중량%, 텔루르0.02∼0.4중량% 및 셀렌0.02∼0.4중량%으로부터 선택된 1종이상의 원소를 함유하여, 또한 나머지 부분이 아연으로 이루어지는 합금조성을 하는 것을 특징으로 하는 무연쾌삭성동합금.62-78 weight% of copper, 2.5-4.5 weight% of silicon, 0.3-3.0 weight% of tin, 0.2-2.5 weight% of aluminum, and 0.02-0.25 weight% of phosphorus, and manganese 0.7-3.5 weight% And at least one element selected from nickel 0.7-3.5 wt% nickel, and at least one element selected from bismuth 0.02-0.4 wt%, tellurium 0.02-0.4 wt% and selenium 0.02-0.4 wt% A lead-free free-cutting copper alloy characterized in that the alloy is made of zinc. 동69∼79중량%,규소2.0∼4.0중량%, 알루미늄0.1∼1.5중량%및 인0.02∼0.ㆍ25중량%를 함유하여, 또한 나머지 부분이 아연으로 이루어지는 합금조성을 하는 것을 특징으로 하는 무연쾌삭성동합금.Lead-free free cutting comprising 69 to 79 wt% of copper, 2.0 to 4.0 wt% of silicon, 0.1 to 1.5 wt% of aluminum, and 0.02 to 0.25 wt% of phosphorus, and further comprising an alloy composed of zinc. Sungdong alloy. 동69∼79중량% 6과, 규소2.0∼4.0중량%와, 알루미늄0.1∼1.5중량%와, 인0.02∼0.25ㆍ중량%와, 크롬 0.02∼0.4중량 j% 6 및 티타늄0.02∼0.4중량% 으로부터 선택된 1종이상의 원소를 함유하여, 또한 나머지 부분이 아연으로 이루어지는 합금조성을 하는 것을 특징으로 하는 무연쾌삭성동합금.From 69 to 79 wt% of copper, 2.0 to 4.0 wt% of silicon, 0.1 to 1.5 wt% of aluminum, 0.02 to 0.25 wt% of phosphorus, 0.02 to 0.4 wt% of chromium, and 0.02 to 0.4 wt% of titanium. A lead-free free-cutting copper alloy containing at least one selected element, and further comprising an alloy composed of zinc. 동69∼79중량%와, 규소2.0∼4.0중량%와,아연 0.02∼0.4중량%와, 알루미늄0.1∼1.5중량%와, 인 0.02∼0.25중량%와, 크롬 0.02∼0.4중량% 및 티탄 0.02∼0.4중량%, 텔루 0.02∼0.4중량% 및 셀렌 0.2∼0.4중량%로 이루어진 합금조성을 이루는 것을 특징으로 하는 쾌삭성 동합금.69-79 wt% of copper, 2.0-4.0 wt% of silicon, 0.02-0.4 wt% of zinc, 0.1-1.5 wt% of aluminum, 0.02-0.25 wt% of phosphorus, 0.02-0.4 wt% of chromium and 0.02--titanium A free-cutting copper alloy comprising an alloy composition comprising 0.4% by weight, 0.02% to 0.4% by weight and 0.2% to 0.4% by weight of selenium. 제1항, 제2항, 제3항, 제4항, 제5항, 제6항, 제7항, 제8항, 제9항, 제10항 또는 제11항에 있어서, 400∼600℃에서 30분∼5시간 열처리한 것을 특징으로 하는 쾌삭성 동합금.The method according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7, 8, 9, 10, or 11, which is 400 to 600 ° C. A free cutting copper alloy which has been heat treated for 30 minutes to 5 hours.