KR102266771B1 - Metal Powder for Modeling - Google Patents
Metal Powder for Modeling Download PDFInfo
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- KR102266771B1 KR102266771B1 KR1020187029725A KR20187029725A KR102266771B1 KR 102266771 B1 KR102266771 B1 KR 102266771B1 KR 1020187029725 A KR1020187029725 A KR 1020187029725A KR 20187029725 A KR20187029725 A KR 20187029725A KR 102266771 B1 KR102266771 B1 KR 102266771B1
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000009692 water atomization Methods 0.000 description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001347 Stellite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002744 anti-aggregatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium;cobalt;iron;manganese;methane;molybdenum;nickel;silicon;tungsten Chemical compound C.[Si].[Cr].[Mn].[Fe].[Co].[Ni].[Mo].[W] AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003703 image analysis method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000003141 lower extremity Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002074 melt spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000790 scattering method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B22F1/0003—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/16—Both compacting and sintering in successive or repeated steps
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/07—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
다수의 입자로 이루어지고, 이들 입자가 Ni, Fe 및 Co 중 적어도 1종을 포함하고 있으며, Ni, Fe 및 Co의 합계 함유율이 50질량% 이상인 조형용 금속분말로서, 원형도가 0.80 미만인 입자의 수의, 입자의 총수에 대한 비율 P1이, 10% 이하이고, 원형도가 0.95 이상인 입자의 수의, 입자의 총수에 대한 비율 P3이, 50% 이상인 조형용 금속분말이 제공된다. 이러한 조형용 금속분말은 여러 성능이 뛰어나다.A metal powder for modeling that consists of a plurality of particles, the particles contain at least one of Ni, Fe, and Co, and the total content of Ni, Fe, and Co is 50% by mass or more, the number of particles having a circularity of less than 0.80 There is provided a molding metal powder in which the ratio P1 to the total number of particles is 10% or less, and the ratio P3 to the total number of particles of the number of particles having a circularity of 0.95 or more is 50% or more. These metal powders for molding have excellent various performances.
Description
본 발명은, 삼차원 적층조형법, 레이저 코팅법, 용사법, 육성(肉盛)법 등에 사용되는 조형용 금속분말에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a metal powder for modeling used in a three-dimensional layered molding method, a laser coating method, a thermal spraying method, a growth method, and the like.
금속으로 이루어지는 조형물의 제작에, 3D 프린터가 사용되고 있다. 이 3D 프린터에서는, 적층조형법에 의하여 조형물이 제작된다. 적층조형법에서는, 스프레드된 금속분말에, 레이저빔 또는 전자빔이 조사된다. 조사에 의하여, 금속이 용융된다. 금속은 그 후에 응고된다. 이러한 용융과 응고에 의하여, 분말 중의 입자끼리 결합한다. 조사는, 금속분말의 일부에 선택적으로 이루어진다. 분말 중 조사가 이루어지지 않은 부분은 용융되지 않는다. 조사가 이루어진 부분에서만 결합층이 형성된다. 노즐로부터 분사되어 진행되고 있는 금속분말에, 빔이 조사되어 결합층이 얻어져도 좋다.A 3D printer is used to produce a sculpture made of metal. In this 3D printer, a sculpture is produced by the additive modeling method. In the additive manufacturing method, the spread metal powder is irradiated with a laser beam or an electron beam. Upon irradiation, the metal is melted. The metal is then solidified. By such melting and solidification, the particles in the powder are bonded to each other. Irradiation is selectively performed on a part of the metal powder. The unirradiated portion of the powder does not melt. A bonding layer is formed only in the irradiated portion. A beam may be irradiated to the metal powder sprayed from the nozzle and advancing, and a bonding layer may be obtained.
결합층 상에, 금속분말이 더욱 스프레드된다. 이러한 금속분말에, 레이저빔 또는 전자빔이 조사된다. 조사에 의하여, 금속이 용융된다. 금속은 그 후에 응고된다. 이러한 용융과 응고에 의하여, 분말 중의 입자끼리 결합되어, 새로운 결합층이 형성된다. 새로운 결합층은, 기존의 결합층과도 결합된다.On the bonding layer, the metal powder is further spread. This metal powder is irradiated with a laser beam or an electron beam. Upon irradiation, the metal is melted. The metal is then solidified. By such melting and solidification, the particles in the powder are bonded to each other to form a new bonding layer. The new bonding layer is also bonded to the existing bonding layer.
조사에 의한 결합이 반복됨으로써, 결합층의 집합체가 서서히 성장한다. 이러한 성장에 의하여, 삼차원 형상을 가지는 조형물이 얻어진다. 적층조형법에 의하여, 복잡한 형상의 조형물이 쉽게 얻어진다.As the bonding by irradiation is repeated, the aggregate of the bonding layer gradually grows. By such growth, a sculpture having a three-dimensional shape is obtained. By the layered molding method, a molded object having a complex shape can be easily obtained.
금속피복층의 형성에, 레이저 코팅법이 이용되고 있다. 레이저 코팅법에서는, 하지 상에 스프레드된 금속분말에, 레이저빔이 조사된다. 조사에 의하여 금속이 용융된다. 금속은 그 후에 응고된다. 이러한 용융과 응고에 의하여, 분말 중의 입자끼리가 결합된다. 입자는 하지와도 결합한다. 결합에 의하여 피복층이 형성된다. 노즐로부터 분사되어 진행되고 있는 금속분말에 빔이 조사되어도 좋다. 용사법 또는 육성법에 의하여 금속피복층이 형성되어도 좋다.A laser coating method is used for formation of a metal coating layer. In the laser coating method, a laser beam is irradiated to the metal powder spread on the underlying surface. Irradiation melts the metal. The metal is then solidified. By such melting and solidification, the particles in the powder are bonded to each other. Particles also bind to the lower extremities. A coating layer is formed by bonding. A beam may be irradiated to the metal powder which is sprayed from a nozzle and is advancing. The metal coating layer may be formed by a thermal spraying method or a growing method.
적층조형법, 레이저 코팅법, 용사법, 육성법 등에 사용되는 금속분말은, 워터 애터마이즈법, 가스 애터마이즈법 등에 의하여 제작된다. 이러한 금속분말의 성상은, 취급성에 영향을 준다. 금속분말의 성상은 더욱이, 삼차원 조형물 및 피복층의 물성에 영향을 준다.The metal powder used for the additive manufacturing method, the laser coating method, the thermal spraying method, the growth method, etc. is produced by the water atomizing method, the gas atomizing method, etc. The properties of such metal powder affect handling properties. The properties of the metal powder further affect the physical properties of the three-dimensional object and the coating layer.
일본공개특허공보 2001-152204호에는, 적층조형법에 의하여 얻어진 조형물에, 이 조형물의 융점보다 낮은 융점을 가지는 금속이 함침된 금속제품이 개시되어 있다. 함침은, 금속제품의 밀도를 높인다.Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-152204 discloses a metal product in which a molded object obtained by a laminated molding method is impregnated with a metal having a melting point lower than the melting point of the molded object. Impregnation increases the density of metal products.
일본공개특허공보 2006-321711호에는, 산술평균 원형도가 0.7 이상인 금속분말이 개시되어 있다. 이러한 분말에서는, 입자의 표면이 응집방지입자로 덮여 있다. 이러한 분말에서는, 응집이 발생하기 어렵다. 이러한 분말에서는, 취급성이 뛰어나다. 이러한 분말로부터 얻어진 조형물의 밀도는 크다. 이러한 조형물은 강도가 뛰어나다.Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2006-321711 discloses a metal powder having an arithmetic mean circularity of 0.7 or more. In such a powder, the surface of the particles is covered with anti-agglomeration particles. In such a powder, agglomeration hardly occurs. Such powder is excellent in handling properties. The density of the object obtained from such a powder is large. These structures have excellent strength.
일본공개특허공보 2011-21218호에는, 레이저 흡수제를 포함하는 분말이 개시되어 있다. 이러한 분말로부터 얻어진 조형물은 강도가 뛰어나다.Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-21218 discloses a powder containing a laser absorber. The molded article obtained from such a powder has excellent strength.
삼차원 적층조형법 및 레이저 코팅법이 급속하게 보급되고 있는 최근, 분말에 대한 요구성능은 점점 높아지고 있다. 본 발명의 목적은, 여러 성능이 뛰어난 조형용 금속분말의 제공에 있다.Recently, as the three-dimensional additive manufacturing method and the laser coating method are rapidly spreading, the performance required for the powder is increasing. It is an object of the present invention to provide a metal powder for modeling excellent in various performances.
본 발명의 일 실시형태에 따르면, 다수의 입자로 이루어지고, 이들 입자가 Ni, Fe 및 Co 중 적어도 1종을 포함하고 있으며, Ni, Fe 및 Co의 합계 함유율이 50질량% 이상인 조형용 금속분말로서,According to one embodiment of the present invention, as a molding metal powder comprising a plurality of particles, the particles contain at least one of Ni, Fe and Co, and the total content of Ni, Fe and Co is 50% by mass or more. ,
원형도가 0.80 미만인 입자의 수의, 입자의 총수에 대한 비율 P1이, 10% 이하이고,The ratio P1 of the number of particles having a circularity of less than 0.80 to the total number of particles is 10% or less,
원형도가 0.95 이상인 입자의 수의, 입자의 총수에 대한 비율 P3이, 50% 이상인 조형용 금속분말이 제공된다.A metal powder for modeling in which the ratio P3 of the number of particles having a circularity of 0.95 or more to the total number of particles is 50% or more is provided.
이러한 조형용 금속분말은, 원형도가 높은 입자를 다수 포함한다. 이러한 분말은, 취급성이 뛰어나다. 이러한 분말로부터 얻어진 조형물은 고강도이다. 이러한 분말로부터 얻어진 피복층은 내마모성이 뛰어나다.Such a metal powder for modeling includes a large number of particles having a high circularity. Such powder is excellent in handleability. The object obtained from this powder has high strength. The coating layer obtained from such a powder is excellent in abrasion resistance.
본 발명에 따른 조형용 금속분말은 다수의 입자의 집합이다. 이러한 분말로부터 적층조형법에 의하여 조형물이 얻어질 수 있다. 이러한 분말로부터 레이저 코팅법에 의하여 피복층이 얻어질 수 있다. 이러한 분말은 용사법 및 육성법에도 적합하다.The metal powder for modeling according to the present invention is an aggregate of a plurality of particles. A molded object can be obtained from such a powder by a layered molding method. A coating layer can be obtained from this powder by a laser coating method. This powder is also suitable for the spraying method and the growing method.
각각의 입자는 Ni, Fe 및 Co 중 적어도 1종을 포함하고 있다. 입자가 Ni, Fe 및 Co 중 어느 하나만을 포함하여도 좋다. 입자가 Ni 및 Fe를 포함하여도 좋다. 입자가 Fe 및 Co를 포함하여도 좋다. 입자가 Co 및 Ni를 포함하여도 좋다. 입자가 Ni, Fe 및 Co를 포함하여도 좋다. 입자의 바람직한 재질로서 Fe계 합금(SUS316, SUS630 등), Ni계 합금(ALLOYC276 상당, ALLOY718 상당 등), Co계 합금(스텔라이트 No.6 상당, 스텔라이트 No.20 상당 등)이 예시된다.Each particle contains at least one of Ni, Fe and Co. The particles may contain only one of Ni, Fe and Co. The particles may contain Ni and Fe. The particles may contain Fe and Co. The particles may contain Co and Ni. The particles may contain Ni, Fe and Co. Preferred materials for the particles include Fe-based alloys (SUS316, SUS630, etc.), Ni-based alloys (equivalent to ALLOYC276, ALLOY718, etc.), and Co-based alloys (equivalent to Stellite No. 6, Stellite No. 20, etc.) are exemplified.
이러한 입자에 있어서의 Ni, Fe 및 Co의 합계 함유율은, 50질량% 이상이다. 이러한 분말은, 고강도, 고내마모성 또는 내식성이 요구되는 용도에 적합하다. 합계 함유율이 100질량%여도 좋다.The total content of Ni, Fe, and Co in these particles is 50 mass% or more. These powders are suitable for applications requiring high strength, high abrasion resistance or corrosion resistance. 100 mass % may be sufficient as a total content rate.
입자가 다른 원소를 포함하여도 좋다. 다른 원소로서, S, Mg, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Si, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W, In, Sn, Sb, La, Ce, Pr, Nb, Gd, Tb, Dy, Yb, Y, B, P, Bi, N 및 C가 예시된다.The particles may contain different elements. As other elements, S, Mg, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Si, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W, In, Sn, Sb, La, Ce, Pr, Nb, Gd, Tb, Dy, Yb, Y, B, P, Bi, N and C are exemplified.
본 발명에서는, 비율 P1, P2 및 P3은, 하기와 같이 정의된다.In the present invention, the ratios P1, P2 and P3 are defined as follows.
P1: 원형도가 0.80 미만인 입자의 수의, 입자의 총수에 대한 비율P1: ratio of the number of particles having a circularity of less than 0.80 to the total number of particles
P2: 원형도가 0.80 이상 0.95 미만인 입자의 수의, 입자의 총수에 대한 비율P2: ratio of the number of particles having a circularity of 0.80 or more and less than 0.95 to the total number of particles
P3: 원형도가 0.95 이상인 입자의 수의, 입자의 총수에 대한 비율P3: ratio of the number of particles having a circularity of 0.95 or more to the total number of particles
원형도 Ro는 하기 수학식:The circularity Ro is expressed by the following formula:
Ｒｏ ＝ ４πＳ／Ｌ２ Ｒｏ = 4πS／L 2
에 의하여 산출된다. 이 수학식에 있어서, S는 입자 또는 그 단면의 투영면적이고, L은 이 투영상의 윤곽길이이다. 투영면적 S 및 윤곽길이 L의 측정에는, 예를 들어 화상해석장치가 이용된다.is calculated by In this formula, S is the projected area of the particle or its cross section, and L is the contour length of this projected image. For the measurement of the projected area S and the contour length L, for example, an image analysis apparatus is used.
본 발명에 따른 분말에서는, 비율 P1은 10% 이하이다. 바꿔말하면, 비율 P2와 비율 P3과의 합계는, 90%를 넘는다. 더욱이, 이러한 분말에서는, 비율 P3은 50% 이상이다. 이러한 분말의 유동성 및 충전성은 높다. 이러한 분말이 적층조형법 또는 레이저 코팅법에 이용될 때, 원활하게 그리고 조밀하게 스프레드될 수 있다. 이러한 분말은 취급성이 뛰어나다. 분말이 조밀하게 스프레드되기 때문에, 이러한 분말로부터 얻어진 조형물 및 피복층은 강도가 뛰어나다.In the powder according to the invention, the proportion P1 is not more than 10%. In other words, the sum of the ratio P2 and the ratio P3 exceeds 90%. Moreover, in this powder, the ratio P3 is at least 50%. The fluidity and filling properties of these powders are high. When this powder is used for additive manufacturing or laser coating, it can be spread smoothly and densely. These powders have excellent handling properties. Since the powder is densely spread, the molded article and the coating layer obtained from this powder have excellent strength.
취급성 및 강도의 관점에서 비율 P1은 7% 이하가 보다 바람직하고, 4% 이하가 특히 바람직하다. 이상적으로는, 비율 P1은 제로이다.From the viewpoints of handleability and strength, the ratio P1 is more preferably 7% or less, particularly preferably 4% or less. Ideally, the ratio P1 is zero.
취급성 및 강도의 관점에서 비율 P3은 70% 이상이 보다 바람직하고, 80% 이상이 특히 바람직하다. 이상적으로는 비율 P3은 100%이다.From the viewpoints of handleability and strength, the ratio P3 is more preferably 70% or more, and particularly preferably 80% or more. Ideally, the ratio P3 is 100%.
이러한 분말은 조밀하게 스프레드되기 때문에, 일본공개특허공보 2001-152204호에 개시된 조형물에 대한 저융점 금속의 함침은 불필요하다. 이러한 분말로부터 얻어진 조형물이 고온환경 하에서 사용되어도 저융점 금속의 용융은 발생하지 않는다. 이러한 조형물은, 고온환경 하에서의 사용에 적합하다. 물론, 조형물에 저융점 금속이 함침되어도 좋다.Since this powder is densely spread, impregnation of a low-melting-point metal for the object disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-152204 is unnecessary. Melting of the low-melting-point metal does not occur even when the object obtained from this powder is used in a high-temperature environment. Such a sculpture is suitable for use in a high-temperature environment. Of course, the molded object may be impregnated with a low-melting-point metal.
이러한 분말은 유동성이 뛰어나므로, 일본공개특허공보 2006-321711호에 개시된 응집방지입자는 불필요하다. 응집방지입자를 포함하지 않는 분말에서는, 이러한 응집방지입자가 입자끼리의 결합을 저해하지 않는다. 따라서, 이러한 분말로부터 얻어진 조형물 및 피복층은 강도가 뛰어나다. 물론, 이러한 분말이 응집방지입자를 포함하여도 좋다.Since this powder has excellent fluidity, the anti-agglomeration particles disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-321711 are unnecessary. In a powder containing no anti-aggregation particles, these anti-aggregation particles do not inhibit the bonding between particles. Therefore, the molded article and the coating layer obtained from such powder have excellent strength. Of course, such a powder may contain agglomeration prevention particles.
이러한 분말로부터 얻어진 조형물 및 피복층은 강도가 뛰어나므로, 일본공개특허공보 2011-21218호에 개시된 레이저 흡수제의, 이러한 분말로의 혼합은 불필요하다. 따라서, 레이저 흡수제에 기인하는 결함은 발생하지 않는다. 물론, 이러한 분말에 레이저 흡수제가 혼합되어도 좋다.Since the molded object and coating layer obtained from such a powder have excellent strength, it is unnecessary to mix the laser absorber disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-21218 into this powder. Therefore, defects due to the laser absorber do not occur. Of course, a laser absorber may be mixed with this powder.
상술과 같이, 이러한 분말은, 유동성 및 충전성이 뛰어나다. 이러한 분말은, 용기 등에 조밀하게 충전될 수 있다. 바람직하게는, 이러한 분말의 부피밀도 d1과 충전밀도 d2의 비(d1/d2)는, 0.80 이상이다. 이러한 분말은, 용융시의 체적수축이 적다. 이러한 분말로부터 얻어진 조형물에서는 공공(空孔)이 적다. 이러한 분말로부터 강도가 뛰어난 조형물 및 피복층이 얻어질 수 있다. 이러한 관점에서, 비(d1/d2)는 0.85 이상이 보다 바람직하고, 0.90 이상이 특히 바람직하다. 이상적으로는, 비(d1/d2)는 1.00이다. 원형도의 조정 및 입도분포의 조정에 의하여, 큰 비(d1/d2)를 가지는 분말이 얻어질 수 있다.As described above, such a powder is excellent in fluidity and filling properties. Such a powder can be densely filled in a container or the like. Preferably, the ratio (d1/d2) of the bulk density d1 and the packing density d2 of this powder is 0.80 or more. Such powder has little volumetric shrinkage at the time of melting. There are few voids in the molded object obtained from such a powder. From this powder, a molded article having excellent strength and a coating layer can be obtained. From such a viewpoint, the ratio (d1/d2) is more preferably 0.85 or more, and particularly preferably 0.90 or more. Ideally, the ratio (d1/d2) is 1.00. By adjusting the circularity and adjusting the particle size distribution, a powder having a large ratio (d1/d2) can be obtained.
부피밀도 d1은, 'JIS Z 2504'의 규정에 준거하여 측정된다. 충전밀도 d2는, 'JIS Z 2512'의 규정에 준거하여 측정된다.Bulk density d1 is measured based on the prescription|regulation of "JIS Z 2504". Packing density d2 is measured based on the prescription|regulation of "JIS Z 2512".
바람직하게는, 이러한 분말에서는, 하기 수학식:Preferably, in this powder, the formula:
Ｙ ＝ （Ｄ１０ × Ｄ９０） ／ Ｄ５０２ Y = （D10 × D90） / D50 2
(상기 수학식에 있어서, D10은 누적 10체적% 입자직경이고, D50은 누적 50체적% 입자직경이며, D90은 누적 90체적% 입자직경이다.)(In the above formula, D10 is a cumulative 10% by volume particle diameter, D50 is a cumulative 50% by volume particle diameter, and D90 is a cumulative 90% by volume particle diameter.)
에 의하여 산출되는 값 Y는, 0.80 이상 1.20 이하이다.The value Y calculated by is 0.80 or more and 1.20 or less.
입자직경 D10, D50 및 D90의 측정에서는, 분말의 전체체적이 100%로 되어, 누적커브가 구해진다. 이러한 커브 상의 누적체적이 10%인 점의 입자직경이 D10이다. 이러한 커브 상의 누적체적이 50%인 점의 입자직경이 D50이다. 이러한 커브 상의 누적체적이 90%인 점의 입자직경이 D90이다. 입자직경 D10, D50 및 D90은, 레이저 회절산란법에 의하여 측정된다. 이러한 측정에 적합한 장치로서, 닛키소 주식회사의 레이저회절·산란식 입자직경 분포 측정장치 '마이크로트랙 MT3000'을 들 수 있다. 이러한 장치의 셀 내에, 분말이 순수한 물과 함께 흘러들어가, 입자의 광산란 정보에 근거하여, 입자직경이 검출된다. 10회의 측정이 이루어져, 평균값이 산출된다.In the measurement of the particle diameters D10, D50 and D90, the total volume of the powder becomes 100%, and a cumulative curve is obtained. The particle diameter at the point where the cumulative volume on this curve is 10% is D10. The particle diameter at the point where the cumulative volume on this curve is 50% is D50. The particle diameter at the point where the cumulative volume on this curve is 90% is D90. The particle diameters D10, D50 and D90 were measured by a laser diffraction scattering method. As an apparatus suitable for such a measurement, the laser diffraction/scattering type particle size distribution measuring apparatus "Microtrac MT3000" of Nikkiso Co., Ltd. is mentioned. In the cell of this device, the powder flows together with pure water, and based on the light scattering information of the particles, the particle diameter is detected. Ten measurements are made, and an average value is calculated.
값 Y가 0.80 이상 1.20 이하인 분말은, 입도분포가 대수정규분포에 가깝다. 이러한 분말은, 유동성 및 충전성이 뛰어나다. 이러한 분말은, 용융시의 체적수축이 적다. 이러한 분말로부터 얻어진 조형물에서는, 공공이 적다. 이러한 분말로부터 강도가 뛰어난 조형물 및 피복층이 얻어질 수 있다. 강도의 관점에서, 값 Y는 0.85 이상이 보다 바람직하고, 0.90 이상이 특히 바람직하다. 강도의 관점에서 값 Y는 1.15 이하가 보다 바람직하고, 1.10 이하가 특히 바람직하다.For powders with a value Y of 0.80 or more and 1.20 or less, the particle size distribution is close to a lognormal distribution. Such powder is excellent in fluidity and filling properties. Such powder has little volumetric shrinkage at the time of melting. In a molded object obtained from such a powder, there are few voids. From this powder, a molded article having excellent strength and a coating layer can be obtained. From the viewpoint of strength, the value Y is more preferably 0.85 or more, and particularly preferably 0.90 or more. From the viewpoint of strength, the value Y is more preferably 1.15 or less, particularly preferably 1.10 or less.
입자가 새틀라이트가 되기 어려운 관점에서, 입자직경 D10은 1㎛ 이상이 바람직하고, 5㎛ 이상이 더욱 바람직하며, 10㎛ 이상이 특히 바람직하다.From the viewpoint that the particles are less likely to become satellites, the particle diameter D10 is preferably 1 µm or more, more preferably 5 µm or more, and particularly preferably 10 µm or more.
조형물 및 피복층으로의 범용성의 관점에서, 입자직경 D50은 15㎛ 이상 50㎛ 이하가 바람직하고, 20㎛ 이상 30㎛ 이하가 특히 바람직하다.From the viewpoint of versatility to a molded object and a coating layer, the particle diameter D50 is preferably 15 µm or more and 50 µm or less, and particularly preferably 20 µm or more and 30 µm or less.
이러한 분말은, 다양한 방법으로 제조될 수 있다. 제조방법의 구체예로서, 워터 애터마이즈법, 가스 애터마이즈법, 플라즈마 애터마이즈법, 회전전극법, 디스크 애터마이즈법, 멜트스피닝법, 기계적 분쇄법 및 화학적 환원법을 들 수 있다. 복수의 제조방법이 조합되어도 좋다. 예를 들어, 워터 애터마이즈법으로 얻어진 입자가 기계적으로 분쇄되어도 좋다. 바람직한 제조방법으로서, 워터 애터마이즈법 및 가스 애터마이즈법이 예시된다.These powders can be prepared by various methods. Specific examples of the manufacturing method include a water atomizing method, a gas atomizing method, a plasma atomizing method, a rotating electrode method, a disk atomizing method, a melt spinning method, a mechanical grinding method, and a chemical reduction method. A plurality of manufacturing methods may be combined. For example, particles obtained by the water atomization method may be mechanically pulverized. As a preferable manufacturing method, the water atomizing method and the gas atomizing method are illustrated.
워터 애터마이즈법에서는, 예를 들어 바닥부에 세공을 가지는 도가니 안에, 원료가 투입된다. 이 원료가 대기, 아르곤가스 또는 질소가스의 분위기 중에서, 고주파유도로에 의하여 가열되고 용융된다. 세공으로부터 유출되는 원료에, 물이 분사된다. 원료는 급냉되어 응고하여, 분말이 얻어진다.In the water atomization method, for example, a raw material is injected|thrown-in in the crucible which has a pore in a bottom part. This raw material is heated and melted by a high-frequency induction furnace in an atmosphere of air, argon gas or nitrogen gas. Water is sprayed on the raw material which flows out from a pore. The raw material is quenched and solidified to obtain a powder.
가스 애터마이즈법에서는, 예를 들어 바닥부에 세공을 가지는 도가니 안에, 원료가 투입된다. 이 원료가 대기, 아르곤가스 또는 질소가스의 분위기 중에서, 고주파유도로에 의하여 가열되고 용융된다. 세공으로부터 유출되는 원료에, 헬륨가스, 아르곤가스 또는 질소가스가 분사된다. 원료는 급냉되어 응고하여, 분말이 얻어진다.In the gas atomization method, for example, a raw material is injected|thrown-in in the crucible which has a pore in the bottom part. This raw material is heated and melted by a high-frequency induction furnace in an atmosphere of air, argon gas or nitrogen gas. Helium gas, argon gas, or nitrogen gas is sprayed to the raw material flowing out from a pore. The raw material is quenched and solidified to obtain a powder.
애터마이즈의 조건이 조정됨으로써, 원형도가 높은 입자를 많이 포함하는 분말이 얻어진다. 애터마이즈에 의하여 얻어진 분말로부터, 원형도가 높은 입자가 선택되어도 좋다. 선택의 방법의 일례로서, 메시에 의하여 걸러내는 것을 들 수 있다. 선택의 다른 수단으로서, 화상해석법을 들 수 있다. 화상해석법에서는, 해석장치에 의하여 입자의 원형도가 측정된다. 이러한 원형도가 소정 범위 내인 입자가 자동적으로 선택된다.By adjusting the conditions of atomization, a powder containing many particles with high circularity is obtained. Particles with high circularity may be selected from the powder obtained by atomization. As an example of the method of selection, filtering by a mesh is mentioned. Another means of selection is an image analysis method. In the image analysis method, the circularity of the particles is measured by the analysis device. Particles whose circularity is within a predetermined range are automatically selected.
실시예Example
이하, 실시예에 의하여 본 발명의 효과가 명확하게 되는데, 이러한 실시예의 기재에 근거하여 본 발명이 한정적으로 해석되는 것은 아니다.Hereinafter, although the effect of this invention becomes clear by an Example, based on description of these Examples, this invention is not interpreted limitedly.
[합금의 준비][Preparation of alloy]
하기의 표 1에 나타난 성분을 가지는 합금을 준비하였다. 한편, 표 1에 있어서 Bal.은 잔부의 의미이다.An alloy having the components shown in Table 1 below was prepared. In addition, in Table 1, Bal. is the meaning of remainder.
[실험 I 삼차원 적층조형법][Experiment I 3D additive manufacturing method]
[조형물의 제작][Production of sculptures]
표 1에 나타난 합금으로부터 표 2 및 3에 나타난 실시예 1~35 및 비교예 1~10의 조형용 금속분말을 얻었다. 각 분말은, 다수의 입자에, 체에 의한 분급이 실시됨으로써 얻어졌다. 이러한 분말은, 워터 애터마이즈법, 가스 애터마이즈법 또는 디스크 애터마이즈법에 의하여 얻어졌다.From the alloys shown in Table 1, metal powders for modeling of Examples 1 to 35 and Comparative Examples 1 to 10 shown in Tables 2 and 3 were obtained. Each powder was obtained by classifying by a sieve to many particle|grains. This powder was obtained by the water atomizing method, the gas atomizing method, or the disk atomizing method.
분말을 스프레드하고, 레이저빔을 조사하였다. 조사에 의하여, 입자끼리 결합하여, 결합층이 형성되었다. 이러한 결합층 상에 분말을 스프레드하고, 레이저빔을 조사하였다. 이와 같은 스프레드와 조사를 반복하여, 소정 형상의 조형물을 얻었다.The powder was spread and a laser beam was irradiated. Upon irradiation, the particles were bonded to each other to form a bonding layer. The powder was spread on this bonding layer, and a laser beam was irradiated. Such spreading and irradiation were repeated to obtain a molded object having a predetermined shape.
[스프레드성][Spreadability]
조형물의 제작 중에, 스프레드된 분말의 상태를 눈으로 관찰하였다. 하기의 기준에 따라서, 스프레드성의 등급을 매겼다.During the production of the sculpture, the state of the spread powder was visually observed. Spreadability was graded according to the following criteria.
S: 매우 좋음S: very good
A: 좋음A: good
B: 보통B: normal
F: 나쁨F: bad
이 결과가 하기의 표 2 및 3에 나타나 있다.The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3 below.
[상대밀도][Relative Density]
조형물의 밀도를 측정하였다. 이러한 밀도의 진밀도(true density)에 대한 비율을 산출하였다. 이 결과가 하기의 표 2 및 3에 나타나 있다.The density of the object was measured. The ratio of this density to the true density was calculated. The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3 below.
[인장강도][The tensile strength]
'JIS Z 2550'에 준거하여, 조형물의 인장강도를 측정하였다. 이러한 인장강도의 용제재의 인장강도에 대한 비율을 산출하였다. 이 결과가 하기의 표 2 및 3에 나타나 있다.In accordance with 'JIS Z 2550', the tensile strength of the object was measured. The ratio of this tensile strength to the tensile strength of the fluxing material was calculated. The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3 below.
[종합평가][Comprehensive evaluation]
스프레드성, 상대밀도 및 인장강도의 종합평가를 하기의 기준에 따라서 행하였다.The comprehensive evaluation of spreadability, relative density, and tensile strength was performed according to the following criteria.
S: 매우 좋음S: very good
A: 좋음A: good
B: 보통B: normal
F: 나쁨F: bad
이 결과가 하기의 표 2 및 3에 나타나 있다.The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3 below.
표 2 및 3에 나타나는 바와 같이, 각 실시예의 분말은, 종합평가가 뛰어나다. 이 결과로부터 본 발명의 우위성은 명확하다.As shown in Tables 2 and 3, the powder of each Example is excellent in the comprehensive evaluation. From these results, the superiority of the present invention is clear.
[실험 II 레이저 코팅법][Experiment II laser coating method]
[피복층의 제작][Production of coating layer]
표 1에 나타난 합금으로부터 표 4 및 5에 나타난 실시예 36~70 및 비교예 11~20의 조형용 금속분말을 얻었다. 각 분말은, 다수의 입자에 체에 의한 분급이 실시됨으로써 얻어졌다. 이러한 입자는, 워터 애터마이즈법, 가스 애터마이즈법 또는 플라즈마 애터마이즈법에 의하여 얻어졌다.From the alloys shown in Table 1, metal powders for molding of Examples 36 to 70 and Comparative Examples 11 to 20 shown in Tables 4 and 5 were obtained. Each powder was obtained by performing classification by a sieve to many particle|grains. These particles were obtained by a water atomizing method, a gas atomizing method, or a plasma atomizing method.
순수한 Fe로 이루어지는 판 상에 분말을 스프레드하고, 레이저빔을 조사하였다. 조사에 의하여, 입자끼리가 결합하여, 피복층이 형성되었다.The powder was spread on a plate made of pure Fe and irradiated with a laser beam. By irradiation, the particles were bonded to each other, and a coating layer was formed.
[스프레드성][Spreadability]
실험 I와 같은 방법으로 스프레드성의 등급을 매겼다. 이 결과가 하기의 표 4 및 5에 나타나 있다.Spreadability was graded in the same manner as in Experiment I. The results are shown in Tables 4 and 5 below.
[내마모성][Abrasion Resistance]
오고시식 마찰시험으로 피복층의 마모량을 측정하였다. 이 마모량에 대한 순수한 Fe로 이루어지는 용제재의 마모량의 비율을 산출하였다. 이 결과가 하기의 표 4 및 5에 나타나 있다.The amount of wear of the coating layer was measured by an ogo-type friction test. The ratio of the wear amount of the flux material made of pure Fe to this wear amount was calculated. The results are shown in Tables 4 and 5 below.
[종합평가][Comprehensive evaluation]
스프레드성 및 내마모성의 종합평가를 하기의 기준에 따라서 행하였다.The comprehensive evaluation of spreadability and abrasion resistance was performed according to the following criteria.
S: 매우 좋음S: very good
A: 좋음A: good
B: 보통B: normal
F: 나쁨F: bad
이 결과가 하기의 표 4 및 5에 나타나 있다.The results are shown in Tables 4 and 5 below.
표 4 및 5에 나타나는 바와 같이, 각 실시예의 분말은, 종합평가가 뛰어나다. 이 결과로부터 본 발명의 우위성은 명확하다.As shown in Tables 4 and 5, the powder of each Example is excellent in the comprehensive evaluation. From these results, the superiority of the present invention is clear.
본 발명에 따른 분말은, 노즐로부터 분말이 분사되는 타입의 3D 프린터에도 적합하다. 이러한 분말은, 노즐로부터 분말이 분사되는 타입의 레이저 코팅법에도 적합하다.The powder according to the present invention is also suitable for a type 3D printer in which the powder is sprayed from a nozzle. Such a powder is also suitable for a laser coating method in which the powder is sprayed from a nozzle.
Claims (3)
원형도가 0.80 미만인 입자의 수의, 입자의 총수에 대한 비율 P1이, 10% 이하이며,
원형도가 0.95 이상인 입자의 수의, 입자의 총수에 대한 비율 P3이, 80% 이상이고,
하기 수학식:
Ｙ ＝ （Ｄ１０ × Ｄ９０） ／ Ｄ５０２
(상기 수학식에 있어서, D10은 누적 10체적% 입자직경이고, D50은 누적 50체적% 입자직경이며, D90은 누적 90체적% 입자직경이다.)
에 의하여 산출되는 값 Y가 0.80 이상 1.20 이하이고,
부피밀도 d1과 충전밀도 d2의 비(d1/d2)가 0.80 이상인 조형용 금속분말.A metal powder for molding made of an alloy made of a plurality of particles, the particles having a total Fe content of 50% by mass or more,
The ratio P1 of the number of particles having a circularity of less than 0.80 to the total number of particles is 10% or less,
The ratio P3 of the number of particles having a circularity of 0.95 or more to the total number of particles is 80% or more,
Equation:
Y = （D10 × D90） / D50 2
(In the above formula, D10 is a cumulative 10% by volume particle diameter, D50 is a cumulative 50% by volume particle diameter, and D90 is a cumulative 90% by volume particle diameter.)
The value Y calculated by is 0.80 or more and 1.20 or less,
Metal powder for modeling in which the ratio (d1/d2) of bulk density d1 to packing density d2 is 0.80 or more.
상기 합금이 Ni를 포함하고 있고, 상기 합금에 있어서의 Fe의 합계 함유율이 50질량% 이상인 조형용 금속분말.The method of claim 1,
The metal powder for modeling, wherein the alloy contains Ni, and the total content of Fe in the alloy is 50 mass% or more.
상기 합금이 Co를 포함하고 있고, Fe의 합계 함유율이 50질량% 이상인 조형용 금속분말.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
A metal powder for modeling, wherein the alloy contains Co and the total content of Fe is 50% by mass or more.
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