KR101859432B1

KR101859432B1 - Portable subsidiary power supply device for rapid charging using super capacitor

Info

Publication number: KR101859432B1
Application number: KR1020150151524A
Authority: KR
Inventors: 유정준; 이찬우
Original assignee: 한국에너지기술연구원
Priority date: 2015-10-30
Filing date: 2015-10-30
Publication date: 2018-05-23
Also published as: KR20170050238A

Abstract

The present invention relates to a supercharger which is capable of directly supplying power when various power supplies of a portable device are insufficient by using a block type super capacitor or charging a battery in the device in a short period of time, The present invention relates to a portable auxiliary power supply device, and more particularly, A supercap array having a plurality of parallel-connected supercapacitors for receiving and charging a DC voltage for charging from the adapter and applying a DC voltage generated by the charged power; A converter rectifying the DC voltage applied in the supercap array; And a connector connected to the external device, the connector receiving a DC voltage rectified from the converter and transferring the DC voltage to the external device, wherein the supercapacitor comprises: a substrate; At least two or more unit cells formed on the substrate and arranged such that electrodes of the layered structure face each other in an in-plane structure; And two current collectors formed on the substrate, one side of which is connected to the unit cell and the other side of which is connected to the adapter and the converter, wherein each of the two or more unit cells has one electrode And the electrodes of the adjacent unit cells arranged in series are connected in series.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention [0001] The present invention relates to a portable auxiliary power supply device using a super capacitor,

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention [0001] The present invention relates to a rapid charging portable auxiliary power supply using a super capacitor, and more particularly, to a power supply using a block type super capacitor, And more particularly, to a rapid charging portable auxiliary power supply device using a super capacitor capable of being charged and capable of having a very small structure.

In general, supercapacitors are sometimes referred to as electric double layer capacitors (EDLC) or ultra-capacitors. Unlike batteries that utilize chemical reactions, supercapacitors are often referred to as simple double-layer capacitors Is an energy storage device that utilizes a charging phenomenon caused by a magnetic field.

Specifically, the supercapacitor is formed of an electrode attached to a conductor and an electrolyte solution impregnated in the electrode, and a pair of charge layers (electric double layer) having different signs are formed at the interface of the electrodes. These supercapacitors are capable of rapid charge / discharge, exhibit high charge / discharge efficiency, exhibit a semi-permanent cycle life characteristic without requiring maintenance because the deterioration due to repetition of charging / discharging operations is very small, Generation energy storage device that can be used.

However, since the conventional super capacitor as described above has the same structure as a general battery, it is difficult to miniaturize it and can be used for a car charging device, but it is not suitable for use as a portable auxiliary power supply device.

Korean Patent No. 10-1241221

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to solve the above problems of the prior art by providing a rapid charging function by using a block type supercapacitor capable of realizing a very small size while supporting a high charging and discharging performance as an energy storage device, And to provide a rapid charging portable auxiliary power supply using a super capacitor capable of supplying power directly in shortage or charging the battery in the apparatus in a short period of time.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an auxiliary power supply device for rapid charging using a supercapacitor, comprising: an adapter for converting power supplied from a supercapacitor to a DC voltage for charging; A supercap array having a plurality of parallel-connected supercapacitors for receiving and charging a DC voltage for charging from the adapter and applying a DC voltage generated by the charged power; A converter rectifying the DC voltage applied in the supercap array; And a connector connected to the external device, the connector receiving a DC voltage rectified from the converter and transferring the DC voltage to the external device, wherein the supercapacitor comprises: a substrate; At least two or more unit cells formed on the substrate and arranged such that electrodes of the layered structure face each other in an in-plane structure; And two current collectors formed on the substrate, one side of which is connected to the unit cell and the other side of which is connected to the adapter and the converter, wherein each of the two or more unit cells has one electrode And the electrodes of the adjacent unit cells arranged in series are connected in series.

Here, a metal connection part may be formed between the adjacently arranged electrodes so as to be connected in series.

In addition, metal may be filled between the adjacently arranged electrodes.

On the other hand, the layered electrode may be made of a material selected from a carbon material, a metal oxide, a metal nitride, a metal sulfide, a conductive organic material, a graphene and a graphene oxide, or a mixture of two or more thereof.

Meanwhile, the two electrodes included in the unit cell may be patterned and separated in a staggered shape.

In addition, the two electrodes included in the unit cell may be patterned and separated into a straight shape.

Meanwhile, the two electrodes included in the unit cell may be patterned and separated into a zigzag shape.

The present invention has an effect of providing a quick charging function and miniaturization through an auxiliary power supply device using a block-type supercapacitor having an electrode surface area increased by using an infrain structure as an energy storage device.

In addition, since the energy storage device uses a super capacitor which does not include lithium at all, it has an effect of ensuring safety while performing a charge / discharge operation during user's portable operation.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a fast-charge portable auxiliary power unit using a supercapacitor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a structural view illustrating a super capacitor among quick-charge portable auxiliary power supplies using a super capacitor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 3A to 3C are diagrams illustrating an electrode separation pattern of a super capacitor among quick-charge portable auxiliary power supplies using a super capacitor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
4A to 4F are views illustrating a process of manufacturing a super capacitor among quick-charge portable auxiliary power supplies using a super capacitor according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The description of the disclosed technique is merely an example for structural or functional explanation and the scope of the disclosed technology should not be construed as being limited by the embodiments described in the text. That is, the embodiments are to be construed as being variously embodied and having various forms, so that the scope of the disclosed technology should be understood to include equivalents capable of realizing technical ideas.

Meanwhile, the meaning of the terms described in the present application should be understood as follows.

The terms " first ", " second ", and the like are used to distinguish one element from another and should not be limited by these terms. For example, the first component may be referred to as a second component, and similarly, the second component may also be referred to as a first component.

It is to be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it may be directly connected to the other element, but there may be other elements in between. On the other hand, when an element is referred to as being "directly connected" to another element, it should be understood that there are no other elements in between. On the other hand, other expressions that describe the relationship between components, such as "between" and "between" or "neighboring to" and "directly adjacent to" should be interpreted as well.

It is to be understood that the singular " include " or "have" are to be construed as including the stated feature, number, step, operation, It is to be understood that the combination is intended to specify that it is present and not to preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, components, parts or combinations thereof.

Each step may take place differently from the stated order unless explicitly stated in a specific order in the context. That is, each step may occur in the same order as described, may be performed substantially concurrently, or may be performed in reverse order.

All terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the disclosed technology belongs, unless otherwise defined. Terms defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted to be consistent with meaning in the context of the relevant art and can not be construed as having ideal or overly formal meaning unless expressly defined in the present application.

FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a quick-charge portable auxiliary power unit using a super capacitor according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 1, the auxiliary power unit includes a super- A super-cap array 200, a converter 300, and a connector 400. The super-

The adapter 100 receives power from the outside and converts it into a charging current. Specifically, the adapter 100 receives an AC voltage and converts it into a DC voltage, and applies the converted charging current to the supercap array 200 . At this time, the supercap array 200 and the converter 300 are simultaneously connected to the DC output terminal of the adapter 100, that is, the power supply voltage terminal and the ground terminal. When the adapter 100 is connected to the external power supply, When the device is also charged, the DC voltage can be simultaneously applied to the supercap array 200 and the converter 300.

On the other hand, the adapter 100 is provided with a switch (not shown), and when the external device is charged with the adapter 100 connected to the external power source according to the switch operation of the switch, Capping the path connected to the super-cap array 200 while keeping the path connected to the super-cap array 200, thereby allowing the external device to be charged first.

The supercap array 200 receives the charging current from the adapter 100, stores it as energy, that is, charges it, and applies the current generated by the output of the charged power to the converter 300. 2, the super-capacitor array 200 includes a substrate 210, a plurality of electrode assemblies 220, two collectors 220, and a plurality of block-type supercapacitors 230. The super- An insulative coating layer 240, and a metal wall 250. [0033] FIG.

First, the substrate 210 is a glass substrate, and a layered electrode assembly 220 is attached on the glass substrate.

The electrode assembly 220 is a layered structure formed on the substrate 210 and has at least two or more unit cells 222 arranged to face each other in an in-plane structure as shown in FIG. 2B. The unit cell 222 may be formed after the two current collectors 230 and the insulating coating layer 240 are formed.

At this time, the respective layers included in the cell member 221, which is a layered structure of graphene or graphene oxide constituting the unit cell 222, are arranged parallel to the substrate 210. Since the cell members 221 in the layered structure are separated in the vertical direction from above to form the gaps, the surfaces facing each other between the gaps have a structure in which the respective layers are laminated, that is, an infra structure. As a result, the layered structure arranged parallel to the surface of the substrate 210 is patterned in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the substrate 210 to form a gap, thereby forming a unit cell 222 including a pair of electrodes having an infra structure ) So that the ions of the electrolyte can be easily accessed between the layers constituting the electrode.

At this time, even if each layer included in the layered structure is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the substrate, if the direction of each layer is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the current collector 230 and the line separating each cell, Patterning may be performed in a direction perpendicular to the first direction to form an in-plane structure.

Meanwhile, the infrain structure improves the performance of each supercapacitor in the supercap array 200 by an edge effect at the cut surface. Here, the edge effect is an effect due to the fact that the graphite shows a difference in capacity according to the arrangement direction. Specifically, the edge effect has a capacity in the direction of the edge plane that is about 10 times the capacity is said to have a great effect. Such an edge effect is a result of combining various reasons such as showing the behavior of the semiconductor in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the beryl, and the behavior close to the metal in the edge plane direction. Since the cut surface of the electrode assembly 220 arranged in the infra-structure according to the present embodiment corresponds to the above-described edge plane direction, each supercapacitor 200 in the supercap array 200 of this embodiment having the infra- Show excellent performance.

On the other hand, in the case where electrodes are formed on the cell member 221 through the patterning, that is, the laser cutting process, like the present embodiment, the faces of the electrodes facing each other include defects in the cutting process have. Such a defect may cause a pseudocapacitive effect, so that an additional capacitance is added to each super capacitor in the supercap array 200. [

Further, as the electrode member becomes thicker, the edge effect and the pseudo capacitor effect become larger because the ratio of the cut surface at all the electrodes becomes greater as the electrode member becomes thicker. As a result, the thicker the electrode member in the inflation structure as in the present embodiment, the larger the capacity can be exhibited.

The edge effect and the pseudo capacitor effect described above are obtained by forming the electrode by cutting and separating the electrode member or the cell member 221. The effect is largely exerted in the inflation structure as in the present embodiment, It is not limited to the inflation structure. Even if an electrode member is manufactured using an electrode material such as spherical activated carbon, an edge effect and a pseudo capacitor effect can be obtained because edge planes and surface defects due to cutting of the electrode material exist on the electrode surface formed by cutting . 3A to 3C are diagrams showing a separation pattern of the electrode assembly 220 applied to each supercapacitor in the supercap array 200. As shown in FIG. 3A, as the projected branches of the electrodes are interdigitated with each other, It is preferable to form the interdigitated fingertip pattern to widen the surface area of the electrode. However, the electrode separation pattern is not limited thereto, and may be a zigzag pattern as shown in FIG. 3B, a linear pattern as shown in FIG. 3C It is possible. At this time, even when the pattern for separating the electrodes is changed, the opposite surface of the electrode has a structure in which layers are stacked, that is, an infra structure.

The two current collectors 230 are formed on the substrate 210 so that one side is connected to the unit cell 222 and the other side is connected to the adapter 100 and the converter 300. That is, one of the two current collectors 230 is connected to the ground terminal of the adapter 100 and the converter 300, and the other one of the two current collectors 230 is connected to the power supply of the adapter 100 and the converter 300, Voltage terminal. Here, the two current collectors 230 may be formed on both sides of the electrode assembly 220.

The two current collectors 230 may be electrically connected to corresponding current collectors 230 of other supercapacitors for parallel connection between supercapacitors in the supercap array 200.

The insulating coating layer 240 is formed so as to cover the electrode member and the current collector 230 of the electrode assembly 220 before the unit cell 222 is formed and the two current collectors 230 are connected to the current collector 230 of another super capacitor The electrode member and the current collector 230 are entirely covered except for the end portion to be electrically connected to the adapter 230 or the adapter 100 and the converter 300. The insulating coating layer 240 can stably accommodate the electrolyte and prevent the electrolyte and the current collector 230 from coming into direct contact with each other.

The metal wall 250 is formed by filling nickel or the like between the unit cells 222. The metal wall 250 is formed by reinforcing the connection between the unit cells 222 and the current collector 230, It serves to lower the resistance.

Meanwhile, the insulating coating layer 240 formed on both side portions of the electrode assembly 220 connected to the two current collectors 230 may be removed, and sputtering may be performed, and the metal wall 250 may be formed on the sputtering portion. The metal wall 250 formed on the side wall, for example, a nickel plating layer can enhance the connection between the unit cell 222 and the current collector 230 and reduce the connection resistance.

Further, the converter 300 rectifies the current applied from the supercap array 200, and outputs the rectified DC voltage to the connector 400. Here, the converter 300 preferably outputs a current of about 1A to 2A with a DC voltage of 5V for charging a smart phone or the like with a DC-DC converter. In other words, the converter 300 has a power supply voltage terminal and a ground terminal, and the power supply voltage terminal is a positive polarity (positive polarity) of the two current collectors 230 of the supercapacitor connected in parallel in the supercap array 200 And the ground terminal is connected to the current collector 230 having a negative polarity among the two current collectors 230 of the supercapacitor 200 to be connected to the supercapacitor 200 The applied current is DC-DC converted, that is, rectified.

The converter 300 is connected to the DC output terminal of the adapter 100 for DC input for the input of the converter 300 connected to the current collector 230 of each super capacitor in the supercap array 200, , The power supply voltage terminal and the ground terminal are connected to each other to receive direct voltage from the adapter 100 and output the direct voltage to the connector 400.

Meanwhile, the connector 400 includes a terminal connected to an external device such as a smart phone, for example, a USB (Universal Serial Bus) port, and receives a current rectified from the converter 300 and transmits the current to an external device It plays a role.

4A to 4F are diagrams illustrating a manufacturing process of each super capacitor in the super cap array 200 among the rapid charging portable auxiliary power supplies using the super capacitor according to the embodiment of the present invention, A process of manufacturing each super-capacitor in the super-cap array 200 will be described with reference to FIG.

First, as shown in FIG. 4A, a layered electrode assembly 220 is attached to an upper portion of a substrate 210, which is a slide glass. Here, the member used in the electrode assembly 220 is a layered structure in which two-dimensional planar unit materials are stacked, and each layer is arranged in parallel with the surface of the substrate 210. In the case of attaching the electrode member manufactured outside the substrate 210, each layer included in the layered structure is formed on the substrate 210 Parallel.

For example, a layered electrode member is formed using graphene and graphene oxide having a typical two-dimensional planar structure, and then cut into a size of 10 mm x 10 mm using an ultraviolet laser drilling system, And adheres to the surface of the substrate 210.

At this time, graphene oxide can be produced by chemically peeling graphite. In this embodiment, 20 mg of chemically separated graphene oxide was added to 10 cc of deionized water and dispersed by ultrasonic treatment in an ultrasonic cleaner for 30 minutes in order to make a layered electrode member using graphene oxide Make a graphene oxide solution. Then, the graphene oxide solution is filtered using a vacuum filtration apparatus equipped with a Durapore membrane filter. In addition to the vacuum filtration method, a self-lamination method, a chemical vapor deposition method, a casting method, a coating method, or the like can be applied as a method for forming the graphene oxide into a layered electrode member. The electrode member filtered is reduced by heat treatment at 200 degrees Celsius. Meanwhile, the electrode member used in this embodiment may be manufactured to have a thickness in the micrometer range, but the capacitance can be increased by making the thickness thereof thick in the range of millimeter or centimeter. In order to manufacture the thick electrode member (a block-shaped electrode member), it is necessary to increase the time for performing the vacuum filtration method, the electrophoresis plating method, the chemical vapor deposition method, the casting method and the coating method, A method of evaporating the solvent and then rolling or pressing may be applied. Through this method, an electrode member made of graphene or graphene oxide having a thick thickness such as a rectangular parallelepiped or a cube can be manufactured. At this time, a part of the binder material may be added in order to enhance the mechanical stability of the electrode member.

Next, a current collector 230 is formed on both sides of the electrode assembly 220 as shown in FIG. 4B. A current collector 230 was formed by sequentially sputtering titanium having a thickness of 200 nm or less and gold having a thickness of 700 nm or less and a mask was used to form the current collector 230 so as to contact both sides of the electrode assembly 220. The current collector 230 may be formed by a thin film deposition technique such as chemical vapor deposition or thermal evaporation, or may be formed by a plating technique such as electroplating, electroless plating, electroplating, etc., , A film, a plate, or a block attachment.

Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 4C, an insulating coating layer 240 covering the electrode assembly 220 and the two current collectors 230 is formed. The insulating coating layer 240 is formed so as to cover the electrode member 230 and the current collector 230 as a whole except for an end portion where the two current collectors 230 are electrically connected to the adapter 100 and the converter 300 do.

Next, as shown in FIG. 4D, the electrode member is separated into a cell member 221 in which five unit cells 222 can be formed by using a laser. In other words, by separating the electrode members using the ultraviolet laser drilling system, five cell members 221 are formed which will constitute independent unit cells 222 thereafter. In addition, a method of separating the electrode members may be a UV lithography used in a semiconductor process, a mechanical patterning method using a cutter, a laser using method, or an imprinting method.

Here, a connection unit (not shown) may be formed between the cell members 221 in order to electrically connect the cell units 221 to constitute the independent unit cells 222 electrically in series. For example, after the mask is formed, the separated cell members 221 can be electrically connected by sequentially sputtering only titanium and gold on the surface of the substrate exposed between the cell members 221. Such connection portions may be formed by a thin film deposition technique such as chemical vapor deposition or thermal deposition, or may be formed by a plating technique such as electroplating, electroless plating, and electroplating. In addition, it may be formed by various methods such as screen printing, casting, film, plate, or block attachment depending on the interval between the cell members 221.

Meanwhile, in the process of removing the insulating coating layer 240 on both sides of the electrode assembly 220 connected to the portion where the current collector 230 is formed by the ultraviolet laser drilling system and forming the connection portion, The electrical connection between the electrode assembly 220 and the current collector 230 can be stably performed and the connection resistance can be reduced.

Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 4E, a metal wall 250 is formed by filling nickel or the like between the cell units where the unit cells 222 are to be formed. Here, it is preferable to select nickel so as to easily apply the electrolytic plating method as a method of filling the spaces between the unit cells 222, specifically, the cell members 221 in which the unit cells 222 are to be formed, A metal having a low electrical resistance such as gold may be used. In this example, stainless steel was used as the counter electrode of the electrolytic plating, and electrolytic plating was performed using a plating solution prepared by dissolving 330 g / l of nickel sulfate, 45 g / l of nickel chloride and 38 g / l of boric acid in distilled water . The portion except for the plating portion is masked with a tape, immersed in the above plating solution, and nickel plating is performed at a current density of 20 mA / cm 2 at 55 캜 for 20 minutes. The metal wall 250 filled between the cell members 221 has a function of preventing the electrolyte filled in the unit cell 222 to be formed later from penetrating into the neighboring unit cells 222. The method of forming the metal wall 250 is not limited to electrolytic plating or other plating methods, and may be formed by various methods such as a thin film deposition technique, screen printing, casting, film, plate, or block attachment.

At this time, a metal wall 250 may be formed on a side surface of the outermost unit cell 222 where a part of the insulating coating layer 240, that is, the insulating coating layer 240 formed on the side surface of the electrode 210 is removed and sputtering is performed. have.

Next, as shown in FIG. 4F, a unit cell 222 having two electrodes separated by patterning a gap having a width of 20 μm or less in a predetermined shape is formed in each cell member 221 . That is, each unit cell 222 of each supercapacitor in the supercap array 200 is connected in series by the adjacent unit cell 222 and the current collector 230 and the metal wall 250 filled between them.

That is, an ultraviolet laser drilling system is used to form a pattern in the form of interdigitated fingers. Although the illustrated embodiment is selected to widen the surface area of the electrode, the present invention is not limited thereto and two separate electrodes may be formed. In addition, the method of separating the cell members 221 from each other to form the electrodes may be performed by using a UV lithography used in a semiconductor process, a mechanical patterning method using a cutter, a laser using method or an imprinting method Can be used. When a graphene oxide material is used as the electrode, it is reduced to conductive graphene through a reduction process.

In addition, it may further include a process of further reducing the electrode after the above-described process, or a process of introducing a functional group into the electrode.

When the graphene oxide is used as the electrode material as in the present embodiment, the resistance of the electrode itself can be lowered by further reducing after the above-mentioned reduction process, thereby increasing the output. An additional reduction method is to chemically reduce the graphene oxide by placing the supercapacitor with electrode member or electrode separation in a vacuum desiccator with 5 cc hydrazine monohydrate (98% aldrich) for 48 hours It is possible. In addition, various other methods can be used, such as reducing the solution in a solution containing a reducing substance in an aqueous solution, reducing the reducing gas by flowing a reducing gas, or reducing the solution through heat treatment.

A functional group may be introduced into the electrode using a method of immersing or plasma-treating the supercapacitor subjected to the electrode member or electrode separation in a KOH solution, optically treating using a laser or ultraviolet ray, or chemically synthesizing the supercapacitor. , And the performance of the supercapacitor is improved by adding a pseudocapacitive effect by these functional groups.

Finally, the electrodes of each unit cell 222 are filled with the electrolyte in the separated gap and packaged to complete the supercapacitor. The electrolyte used in the supercapacitor of this embodiment may be not only a liquid electrolyte such as an aqueous electrolyte, an organic electrolyte and an ionic liquid electrolyte, but also a solid electrolyte and a gel electrolyte, without limitation, and they may be mixed and used. Further, the steps of packaging or housing the electrolyte so as not to be leaked can be applied to all the methods without limitation, so a detailed description will be omitted.

Although the disclosed method and apparatus have been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and equivalent embodiments are possible without departing from the scope of the present invention. I will understand that. Accordingly, the true scope of protection of the disclosed technology should be determined by the appended claims.

100: Adapter
200: Super Cap Array
300: Converter
400: Connector

Claims

An adapter that receives power and converts the power to a charging DC voltage;
A supercap array having a plurality of parallel-connected supercapacitors for receiving and charging a DC voltage for charging from the adapter and applying a DC voltage generated by the charged power;
A converter rectifying the DC voltage applied in the supercap array; And
And a connector for receiving a DC voltage rectified from the converter and transmitting the rectified DC voltage to the external device,
The supercapacitor includes:
Board;
At least two or more unit cells formed on the substrate and arranged such that electrodes of the layered structure face each other in an in-plane structure; And
A plurality of current collectors formed on the substrate and having one side connected to the unit cell and the other side connected to the adapter and the converter,
The two or more unit cells are each arranged such that one electrode is adjacent to each other and a connection part made of a metal material is formed between the electrodes arranged adjacent to each other, Charging portable auxiliary power unit.

delete

The method according to claim 1,
And a metal is filled between the electrodes arranged adjacent to each other.

The method according to claim 1,
Characterized in that the electrodes of the layered structure are made of a material selected from the group consisting of a carbon material, a metal oxide, a metal nitride, a metal sulfide, a conductive organic material, a graphene and a graphene oxide or a mixture of two or more materials. Portable auxiliary power unit.

The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the two electrodes included in the unit cell are patterned in a staggered shape and separated.

The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the two electrodes included in the unit cell are patterned and separated into a straight line shape. The auxiliary power supply unit for rapid charging using the supercapacitor.

The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the two electrodes included in the unit cell are patterned and separated in a zigzag shape to separate the auxiliary power supply for quick charging using the supercapacitor.